Definition and General Overview:
Rest, in the biblical context, encompasses both physical cessation from labor and a deeper, spiritual peace found in God. It is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, symbolizing not only the physical rest needed by the human body but also the spiritual rest and peace that believers find in their relationship with God.

Old Testament Context:
The concept of rest is introduced early in the Bible. In Genesis 2:2-3 , God Himself models rest: "By the seventh day God had finished the work He had been doing; so on the seventh day He rested from all His work. Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because on that day He rested from all the work of creation that He had accomplished." This divine rest sets a precedent for the Sabbath, a day of rest commanded for the Israelites in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:8-11).

The Sabbath rest was not only a physical rest but also a sign of the covenant between God and Israel, reminding them of their deliverance from Egypt and their dependence on God (Deuteronomy 5:12-15). The land itself was also to experience rest through the Sabbatical year, where the land would lie fallow every seventh year (Leviticus 25:4).

New Testament Context:
In the New Testament, the concept of rest takes on a more spiritual dimension. Jesus Christ invites those who are weary to find rest in Him: "Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest" (Matthew 11:28). This rest is not merely physical but is a deeper, spiritual rest that comes from a relationship with Christ and the peace that He offers.

The book of Hebrews expands on this theme, presenting rest as a metaphor for salvation and eternal life. Hebrews 4:9-10 states, "There remains, then, a Sabbath rest for the people of God. For whoever enters God’s rest also rests from his own work, just as God did from His." This passage emphasizes that true rest is found in faith and obedience to God, entering into His rest through belief in the gospel.

Theological Significance:
Rest is a significant theological concept that points to the ultimate rest believers will experience in eternity. It is both a present reality and a future hope. The rest that God offers is a foretaste of the eternal rest that awaits believers in the new creation, where there will be no more toil, pain, or suffering (Revelation 21:4).

Practical Implications:
For Christians, rest is both a command and a gift. Observing a day of rest, such as the Sabbath, is a practice that honors God and acknowledges human limitations. It is a time for worship, reflection, and renewal. Spiritually, believers are called to rest in the finished work of Christ, trusting in His provision and sovereignty over their lives.

Conclusion:
The biblical concept of rest is multifaceted, encompassing physical, spiritual, and eschatological dimensions. It is a reminder of God's creation order, His covenant faithfulness, and the ultimate peace and rest found in Him through Jesus Christ.Rest

In Acts 9:31, refers to the respite from persecution enjoyed by the Christians in Palestine, after the conversion of Saul of Tarsus, during the last two years of Caligula's short reign, A. D. 39 and 40, when the Jews were so harassed by the attempts of the emperor to force them to worship him as a god, that they forbore to afflict the followers of Christ.

(1.) Gr. katapausis, equivalent to the Hebrew word noah (Hebrews 4:1).

(2.) Gr. anapausis, "rest from weariness" (Matthew 11:28).

(3.) Gr. anesis, "relaxation" (2 Thessalonians 1:7).

(4.) Gr. sabbatismos, a Sabbath rest, a rest from all work (Hebrews 4:9; R.V., "sabbath"), a rest like that of God when he had finished the work of creation.

1. (v. t.) To arrest.

2. (n.) A state of quiet or repose; a cessation from motion or labor; tranquility; as, rest from mental exertion; rest of body or mind.

3. (n.) Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or disturbs; peace; security.

4. (n.) Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death.

5. (n.) That on which anything rests or leans for support; as, a rest in a lathe, for supporting the cutting tool or steadying the work.

6. (n.) A projection from the right side of the cuirass, serving to support the lance.

7. (n.) A place where one may rest, either temporarily, as in an inn, or permanently, as, in an abode.

8. (n.) A short pause in reading verse.

9. (n.) The striking of a balance at regular intervals in a running account.

10. (n.) A set or game at tennis.

11. (n.) Silence in music or in one of its parts; the name of the character that stands for such silence. They are named as notes are, whole, half, quarter, etc.

12. (n.) To cease from action or motion, especially from action which has caused weariness; to desist from labor or exertion.

13. (n.) To be free from whatever wearies or disturbs; to be quiet or still.

14. (n.) To lie; to repose; to recline; to lay; as, to rest on a couch.

15. (n.) To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported; as, a column rests on its pedestal.

16. (n.) To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be dead.

17. (n.) To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to repose without anxiety; as, to rest on a man's promise.

18. (n.) To be satisfied; to acquiesce.

19. (v. t.) To lay or place at rest; to quiet.

20. (v. t.) To place, as on a support; to cause to lean.

21. (n.) That which is left, or which remains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder; residue.

22. (n.) Those not included in a proposition or description; the remainder; others.

23. (n.) A surplus held as a reserved fund by a bank to equalize its dividends, etc.; in the Bank of England, the balance of assets above liabilities.

24. (v. i.) To be left; to remain; to continue to be.

ESTHER, THE REST OF

Contents

Introductory

1. Name 2. Contents 3. Original Language 4. Versions 5. Date

LITERATURE

==================================================================================

Introductory.

The Book of Esther in the oldest manuscripts of the Septuagint (BAN, etc.) contains 107 verses more than in the Hebrew Bible. These additions are scattered throughout the book where they were originally inserted in order to supply the religious element apparently lacking in the Hebrew text. In Jerome's version and in the Vulgate, which is based on it, the longest and most important of these additions are taken out of their context and put together at the end of the canonical book, thus making them to a large extent unintelligible. In English, Welsh and other Protestant versions of the Scriptures the whole of the additions appear in the Apocrypha.

1. Name:

In the English Versions of the Bible the full title is "The Rest of the Chapters of the Book of Esther, which are found neither in the Hebrew, nor in the Chaldee." Since in the Septuagint, including the editions by Fritzsche, Tischendorf and Swete, these chapters appear in their original context, they bear no separate title. The same is true of Brereton's English translation of the Septuagint; but in Thompson's translation the whole of the Apocrypha is omitted, so that it is not strictly a translation of the whole Septuagint.

2. Contents:

In Swete's edition of the Septuagint the interpretations constituting "the Rest of Esther" (sometimes given as "Additions to Esther") are designated by the capital letters of the alphabet, and in the following enumeration this will be followed. The several places in the Greek Bible are indicated in each case.

A (Latin, English, Additions to Esther 11:2; 12:6): Mordecai's dream; how he came to honor. Precedes Esther 1:1.

B (Latin, English, Additions to Esther 13:1-7): Letter of Artaxerxes. Follows Esther 3:13.

C (Latin, English, Additions to Esther 13:8-14:19): The prayers of Mordecai and Esther. Follows Esther 4:17.

D (Latin, Additions to Esther 15:4-19; English, 16:1-16): Esther visits the king and wins his favor. Follows C, preceding immediately Esther 5.

E (Latin, English, Additions to Esther 16:1-24): Another letter of Artaxerxes. Follows Esther 8:12. F (Latin, English, Additions to Esther 10:4-11): Epilogue describing the origin of the Feast Purim. Follows Esther 10:3.

But besides the lengthy interpolations noticed above there are also in the Septuagint small additions omitted from the Latin and therefore from the English, Welsh, etc., Apocrypha. These short additions are nearly all explanatory glosses. In the Century Bible (Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther) the exact places where the insertions occur in the Septuagint are indicated and described in the notes dealing with the relevant passages of the canonical text. With the help thus given any English reader is able to read the additions in their original setting. Unless they are read in this way they are pointless and even in most cases senseless.

3. Original Language:

All scholars agree that "The Rest of Esther" was written originally in Greek Both external and internal evidence bears this out. But the Greek text has come down to us in two recensions which differ considerably.

(1) The commonly received text supported by the manuscripts B, A, N, and by Josephus (Ant., XI, i).

(2) A revision of (1) contained in the manuscripts 19, 93a and 108b. In the last two manuscripts both recensions occur. This revised text has been ascribed by many recent scholars (Lagarde, Schurer, R. H. Charles) to Lucian. In his Libr. Vet. Test. Canon. Graece, Pars Prior, 1833 (all published), Lagarde gives on parallel pages both recensions with critical notes on both.

4. Versions:

The two Greek texts are also given by Fritzsche (1871) and Swete (1891) in their editions of the Septuagint, and also by Scholz in his German Commentary on the Book of Esther (1892). For the ancient versions see "Esther Versions."

5. Date:

Practically all modern scholars agree in holding that "The Rest of Esther" is some decades later than the canonical book. In his commentary on Esther (Century Bible) the present writer has given reasons for dating the canonical Esther about 130 B.C. One could not go far astray in fixing the date of the original Greek of the Additions to Esther at about 100 B.C. It is evident that we owe these interpolations to a Jewish zealot who wished to give the Book of Esther a religious character. In his later years John Hyrcanus (135-103 B.C.) identified himself with the Sadducean or rationalistic party, thus breaking with the Pharisee or orthodox party to which the Maccabeans had hitherto belonged. Perhaps we owe these additions to the zeal aroused among orthodox Jews by the rationalizing temper prevailing in court circles. R. H. Charles (Encyclopedia Brit, XI, 797b) favors a date during the early (?) Maccabean period; but this would give the Ad Esther an earlier date than can be ascribed to the canonical Esther.

LITERATURE.

See the literature cited above, and in addition note the following: Fritzsche, Exegetisches Handbuch zu den Apokryphen (1851), 67-108; Schurer, History of the Jewish People, II, iii, 181 (Ger. edition 4, III, 449); Ryssel (in Kautzsch, Apocrypha, 193); Swete, Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek, 257 if; the articles in the principal Bible Dictionaries, including Jewish Encyclopedia and Encyclopedia Britannica (11th edition).

See also under ESTHER.

T. Witton Davies

REST

(nuach, menuchah, "cessation from motion," "peace," "quiet," etc.; anapausis, katapausis): "Rest" in the above sense is of frequent occurrence, and is the translation of several words with various applications and shades of meaning, chiefly of the words given above. It is applied to God as ceasing from the work of creating on the 7th day (Genesis 2:2 f); as having His place of rest in the midst of His people in the temple (1 Chronicles 28:2 Psalm 132:8, 14); as resting in His love among His people (Zechariah 3:17, the Revised Version margin "Hebrew, `be silent' "). The 7th day was to be one of rest (Exodus 16:23; Exodus 31:15; see SABBATH); the land also was to have its rest in the 7th year (Leviticus 25:4 f). Yahweh promised His people rest in the land He should give them; this they looked forward to and enjoyed (Deuteronomy 12:9 Joshua 11:23). "To rest on" often means to come upon to abide, as of the Spirit of Yahweh (Numbers 11:25 Isaiah 11:2), of wisdom (Proverbs 14:33), of anger (Ecclesiastes 7:9). There is again the "rest" of the grave (Job 3:13, 17, 18 Isaiah 57:2 Daniel 12:13). Rest is sometimes equivalent to trust, reliance (2 Chronicles 14:11, the Revised Version (British and American) "rely"). Hence, rest in Yahweh (Psalm 37:7, etc.); "rest" in the spiritual sense is not, however, prominent in the Old Testament. In the New Testament Christ's great offer is rest to the soul (Matthew 11:28). In Hebrews 4:1;, it is argued from God's having promised His people a "rest"-a promise not realized in Canaan (4:8)-that there remains for the people of God "a Sabbath rest" (sabbatismos, 4:9). For "rest" the Revised Version (British and American) has "solemn rest" (Exodus 16:23; Exodus 31:15, etc.), "resting-place" (Psalm 132:8, 14 Isaiah 11:10), "peace" (Acts 9:31), "relief" (2 Corinthians 2:13; 2 Corinthians 7:5), etc.

See also REMNANT.

W. L. Walker

373. anapauo -- to give rest, give intermission from labor, by ...
... 372, 373. anapauo. 374 . to give rest, give intermission from labor, by
impl. refresh. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: anapauo ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/373.htm - 8k

2664. katapauo -- to cause to cease, to rest
... to cause to cease, to rest. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: katapauo Phonetic
Spelling: (kat-ap-ow'-o) Short Definition: I rest, cause to rest Definition ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/2664.htm - 6k

2663. katapausis -- rest
... rest. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: katapausis Phonetic Spelling:
(kat-ap'-ow-sis) Short Definition: resting, rest Definition: (in the Old ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/2663.htm - 6k

372. anapausis -- cessation, rest
... cessation, rest. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: anapausis Phonetic
Spelling: (an-ap'-ow-sis) Short Definition: rest, cessation from labor ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/372.htm - 6k

4520. sabbatismos -- a sabbath rest
... a sabbath rest. Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: sabbatismos Phonetic
Spelling: (sab-bat-is-mos') Short Definition: a Sabbath rest Definition: a ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4520.htm - 6k

1879. epanapauo -- to refresh, rest upon
... to refresh, rest upon. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: epanapauo Phonetic
Spelling: (ep-an-ah-pow'-om-ahee) Short Definition: I rest upon, rely on, trust ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1879.htm - 6k

3062. loipos -- the rest, the remaining
... the rest, the remaining. Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: loipos Phonetic
Spelling: (loy-poy') Short Definition: left, left behind, the remainder ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3062.htm - 7k

4875. sunanapauomai -- to lie down to rest with, fig. to be ...
... 4874, 4875. sunanapauomai. 4876 . to lie down to rest with, fig. ... Word Origin
from sun and the mid. of anapauo Definition to lie down to rest with, fig. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4875.htm - 7k

1515. eirene -- one, peace, quietness, rest.
... 1514, 1515. eirene. 1516 . one, peace, quietness, rest. ... peace, by impl. welfare
NASB Word Usage peace (91), undisturbed* (1). one, peace, quietness, rest. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1515.htm - 7k

425. anesis -- a loosening, relaxation
... Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: anesis Phonetic Spelling: (an'-es-is) Short
Definition: relief, remission, indulgence, freedom, rest Definition: relief ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/425.htm - 6k

5117. nuach -- to rest
... 5116c, 5117. nuach. 5118 . to rest. Transliteration: nuach Phonetic Spelling:
(noo'-akh) Short Definition: rest. Word Origin a prim. ...
/hebrew/5117.htm - 7k

7280b. raga -- to be at rest, repose
... 7280a, 7280b. raga. 7280c . to be at rest, repose. Transliteration: raga
Short Definition: rest. Word Origin a prim. root Definition ...
/hebrew/7280b.htm - 5k

7605. shear -- rest, residue, remnant
... 7604, 7605. shear. 7606 . rest, residue, remnant. Transliteration: shear
Phonetic Spelling: (sheh-awr') Short Definition: rest. ...
/hebrew/7605.htm - 6k

4496. menuchah -- resting place, rest
... 4495, 4496. menuchah or menuchah. 4497 . resting place, rest. Transliteration:
menuchah or menuchah Phonetic Spelling: (men-oo-khaw') Short Definition: rest ...
/hebrew/4496.htm - 6k

7606. shear -- rest, remainder
... 7605, 7606. shear. 7607 . rest, remainder. Transliteration: shear Phonetic
Spelling: (sheh-awr') Short Definition: rest. Word Origin ...
/hebrew/7606.htm - 6k

4771. margoa -- a rest
... a rest. Transliteration: margoa Phonetic Spelling: (mar-go'-ah) Short Definition:
rest. Word Origin from raga Definition a rest NASB Word Usage rest (1). rest. ...
/hebrew/4771.htm - 6k

1824. domi -- cessation, a pause, a quiet, a rest
... 1823, 1824. domi. 1825 . cessation, a pause, a quiet, a rest. Transliteration:
domi Phonetic Spelling: (dem-ee') Short Definition: rest. ...
/hebrew/1824.htm - 6k

4494. manoach -- a resting place, state or condition of rest
... 4493, 4494. manoach. 4495 . a resting place, state or condition of rest.
Transliteration: manoach Phonetic Spelling: (maw-no'-akh) Short Definition: rest. ...
/hebrew/4494.htm - 6k

7599. shaan -- to be at ease or at peace, rest securely
... shaan. 7600 . to be at ease or at peace, rest securely. Transliteration: shaan
Phonetic Spelling: (shaw-an') Short Definition: ease. ... be at ease, be quiet, rest ...
/hebrew/7599.htm - 6k

5183a. nachath -- quietness, rest
... 5183, 5183a. nachath. 5183b . quietness, rest. Transliteration: nachath
Short Definition: rest. Word Origin from nuach Definition ...
/hebrew/5183a.htm - 5k

Rest.
... REST. REST. 10,10,10,10,10,10. "We which have believed do enter into rest.""Heb.
4:4. "Ich bleib bei Dir! wo koennt ich 's besser haben.". [51]Adolph Moraht. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/borthwick/hymns from the land of luther/rest.htm

The Saints' Everlasting Rest
The Saints' Everlasting Rest. <. The Saints' Everlasting Rest Richard
Baxter. Table of Contents. Title Page. PREFATORY NOTICE. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/baxter/the saints everlasting rest/

Rest of the Soul.
... REST OF THE SOUL. "Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy-laden,
and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn ...
/.../orr/food for the lambs or helps for young christians/rest of the soul.htm

At Rest
... At Rest. Gerhard Ter Steegen Isaiah 40:11. O God, a world of empty show,. ... Lie round
me wheresoe'er I:go: Within, with Thee, is rest. And sated with the weary sum ...
//christianbookshelf.org/bevan/hymns of ter steegen suso and others/at rest.htm

"I Will Give You Rest. "
... "I WILL GIVE YOU REST.". A COMMUNION ADDRESS AT MENTONE. "I will give you
rest.""Matthew 11:28. "I WILL GIVE YOU REST.". WE have ...
//christianbookshelf.org/spurgeon/till he come/i will give you rest.htm

Rest
... CHAPTER XXII REST. ... For after supper follows no other meal, nor doth there follow
any work more, but rest only. And this let us well consider. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/bevan/three friends of god/chapter xxii rest.htm

The Rest Giver
... THE REST GIVER. 'Come unto Me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and
I will give you rest.29. Take My yoke upon you, and learn ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture b/the rest giver.htm

The Land of Rest
... The Land of Rest. Gerhard Ter Steegen Revelation 21:5. Wanderer, rest
thy weary feet; Shapes and sounds forgotten now". ...
/.../bevan/hymns of ter steegen suso and others/the land of rest.htm

Words to Rest On
... Words to Rest On. A Sermon ... "The people rested themselves upon the words of Hezekiah
the king of Judah.". It is not always a good thing to rest upon man's words. ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 38 1892/words to rest on.htm

Rest, Rest
... Rest, Rest. A Sermon (No.969). ... At the Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington. "Come unto
me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. ...
/...//christianbookshelf.org/spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 17 1871/rest rest.htm

Rest (831 Occurrences)
... (1.) Gr. katapausis, equivalent to the Hebrew word noah (Hebrews 4:1). (2.)
Gr. anapausis, "rest from weariness" (Matthew 11:28). (3.) Gr. ...
/r/rest.htm - 47k

Foot-rest (2 Occurrences)
Foot-rest. Foot-race, Foot-rest. Foot-rings . Multi-Version
Concordance Foot-rest (2 Occurrences). Hebrews 10:13 And ...
/f/foot-rest.htm - 7k

Sabbath-rest (1 Occurrence)
Sabbath-rest. Sabbath-produce, Sabbath-rest. Sabbaths . Multi-Version
Concordance Sabbath-rest (1 Occurrence). Hebrews ...
/s/sabbath-rest.htm - 6k

Annals (41 Occurrences)
... 1 Kings 11:41 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, and all that he did, and his
wisdom, aren't they written in the book of the acts of Solomon? (See NIV). ...
/a/annals.htm - 18k

Admitted (16 Occurrences)
... temporal things. (WEY). Hebrews 3:11 As I swore in My anger, they shall
not be admitted to My rest" -- (WEY). Hebrews 3:18 And to ...
/a/admitted.htm - 11k

Achievements (12 Occurrences)
... 1 Kings 15:23 Now the rest of all the acts of Asa, and all his might, and all that
he did, and the cities which he built, aren't they written in the book of ...
/a/achievements.htm - 9k

Sabbatical (1 Occurrence)
... sa-bat'-ik-al, shenath shabbathon; eniautos anapauseos, "a year of solemn rest";
or shabbath shabbathon; sabbata anapausis, "a sabbath of solemn rest...
/s/sabbatical.htm - 16k

Aren't (102 Occurrences)
... Not one of them is forgotten by God. (WEB). Luke 12:26 If then you aren't able to
do even the least things, why are you anxious about the rest? (WEB). ...
/a/aren't.htm - 35k

Quietness (15 Occurrences)
... 1 Chronicles 22:9 Behold, a son shall be born to you, who shall be a man of rest;
and I will give him rest from all his enemies all around; for his name shall ...
/q/quietness.htm - 10k

Ko'hathites (19 Occurrences)
... Joshua 21:20 The families of the children of Kohath, the Levites, even the rest
of the children of Kohath, had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of ...
/k/ko'hathites.htm - 11k

Is it biblical to say 'rest in peace' (RIP) in regards to someone who has died? | GotQuestions.org

Why did God rest on the seventh day of creation (Genesis 2:2)? | GotQuestions.org

How do beliefs about creation impact the rest of theology? | GotQuestions.org

Rest: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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