But Jesus
The phrase "But Jesus" introduces a contrast to the preceding events in John 7, where there was much debate and division among the people regarding Jesus' identity. The Greek word for "but" (δέ, de) often serves as a transitional conjunction, indicating a shift in focus. Here, it emphasizes Jesus' deliberate actions amidst the chaos and confusion surrounding Him. Jesus, whose name in Greek is Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous), is the central figure of the Gospel, embodying divine wisdom and authority. His actions are purposeful and reflect His mission to fulfill the will of the Father.

went
The verb "went" (ἐπορεύθη, eporeuthē) suggests a purposeful movement. In the context of Jesus' ministry, His movements are never random but are guided by divine intention. This word implies a journey or a transition, often used in the Gospels to describe Jesus' travels as He teaches, heals, and fulfills His mission. It reflects His obedience to the Father's will and His commitment to His earthly ministry.

to the Mount of Olives
The "Mount of Olives" (Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν, Oros tōn Elaiōn) is a significant location in biblical history and prophecy. Situated east of Jerusalem, it is a place where Jesus often withdrew for prayer and reflection, as seen in other Gospel accounts. The Mount of Olives holds eschatological significance, being associated with the return of the Messiah in Zechariah 14:4. In the context of John 8:1, Jesus' retreat to this location underscores His need for solitude and communion with the Father, preparing for the events that would soon unfold. Historically, the Mount of Olives was a place of olive groves, and its name reflects its agricultural significance. It serves as a backdrop for many pivotal moments in Jesus' life, symbolizing peace, anointing, and the presence of God.

At dawn
The phrase "at dawn" signifies the early morning, a time often associated with new beginnings and fresh starts. In the Greek, "orthos" refers to the break of day, symbolizing light overcoming darkness. This is significant as Jesus, the Light of the World, begins His teaching at a time when light is literally dispelling darkness. The dawn also represents spiritual awakening and readiness to receive divine truth.

He went back
The action of "He went back" indicates Jesus' deliberate return to a place of teaching and authority. The Greek verb "erchomai" suggests a purposeful movement. Jesus' return to the temple courts underscores His commitment to His mission and His authority as a teacher. It also reflects His dedication to the people, as He consistently returns to them to impart wisdom and truth.

into the temple courts
The "temple courts" were the outer areas of the temple in Jerusalem, accessible to all people, including Gentiles. This setting is significant as it represents a place of worship, learning, and community gathering. Historically, the temple was the center of Jewish religious life, and Jesus' presence there highlights His role in fulfilling the Law and the Prophets. The temple courts were a place where rabbis taught, making it a fitting location for Jesus to engage with the people.

where all the people gathered around Him
The phrase "where all the people gathered around Him" emphasizes the draw and authority of Jesus' teaching. The Greek word "sunerchomai" implies a coming together or assembling, indicating that Jesus' presence and message were compelling enough to attract a crowd. This gathering reflects the hunger for spiritual truth and the recognition of Jesus as a teacher with divine authority.

and He sat down
In the cultural and historical context, "He sat down" is significant because sitting was the traditional posture of a rabbi or teacher when instructing others. The Greek verb "kathizo" denotes taking a seat, which was a position of authority and respect. By sitting, Jesus assumes the role of a teacher, ready to impart wisdom and engage in dialogue with His listeners.

to teach them
The purpose "to teach them" highlights Jesus' mission to educate and enlighten. The Greek word "didasko" means to instruct or impart knowledge. Jesus' teaching was not merely informational but transformational, aimed at revealing the truths of God's kingdom and calling people to repentance and faith. His teachings were rooted in Scripture and delivered with authority, challenging the listeners to a deeper understanding of God's will.

The scribes and Pharisees
This phrase refers to two prominent groups within Jewish society during the time of Jesus. The scribes were experts in the Mosaic Law, often serving as teachers and interpreters of the Scriptures. The Pharisees were a religious sect known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. Historically, these groups held significant influence over religious and social matters. Their involvement in this narrative highlights the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, who often sought to challenge His teachings and authority.

brought to Him
The act of bringing the woman to Jesus is significant. It demonstrates the scribes and Pharisees' intention to test Jesus, hoping to trap Him in a legal or theological dilemma. The Greek word used here, "ἤγαγον" (ēgagon), implies a forceful or authoritative action, suggesting that the woman was brought against her will. This reflects the power dynamics at play and the lack of compassion shown by the religious leaders.

a woman caught in adultery
The focus on the woman's sin of adultery is central to the narrative. Adultery was a serious offense under Jewish law, punishable by death according to Leviticus 20:10 and Deuteronomy 22:22. The Greek term for "caught" (κατειλημμένην, kateilēmmenēn) indicates that she was seized or apprehended, emphasizing the public and humiliating nature of her exposure. This situation raises questions about justice and mercy, as the man involved in the act is conspicuously absent from the proceedings.

They made her stand before them
This phrase underscores the public and humiliating nature of the situation. The woman is placed in a position of vulnerability and shame, standing before her accusers and the gathered crowd. The Greek word "ἔστησαν" (estēsan) suggests a deliberate positioning, highlighting the intention of the scribes and Pharisees to use her as a tool in their confrontation with Jesus. This act of making her stand before them contrasts with the compassion and dignity that Jesus often extended to those marginalized by society.

Teacher
The term "Teacher" is translated from the Greek word "Didaskalos," which signifies a respected instructor or master. In the context of the Gospels, this title is often used to address Jesus, acknowledging His authority and wisdom in spiritual and moral matters. The use of "Teacher" here reflects the recognition of Jesus' role as a spiritual guide and the respect He commanded among the people, even among those who sought to challenge Him.

this woman
The phrase "this woman" refers to an individual who is central to the narrative. In the cultural and historical context of first-century Judea, women were often marginalized and had limited rights. The specific mention of "this woman" highlights her vulnerability and the societal dynamics at play. It also sets the stage for Jesus' radical approach to justice and mercy, which often subverted the norms of His time.

was caught
The words "was caught" indicate an act of being seized or apprehended. The Greek root "katalambanō" suggests a forceful taking or capturing. This implies that the woman was not merely accused but was physically taken into custody, emphasizing the severity of the situation and the public nature of her alleged sin. It also underscores the urgency and drama of the confrontation with Jesus.

in the act of adultery
The phrase "in the act of adultery" is crucial as it specifies the sin for which the woman is accused. Adultery, according to Mosaic Law, was a grave offense punishable by death (Leviticus 20:10). The historical context reveals the strict moral codes of the time and the severe consequences for transgressions. This accusation places the woman in a dire situation, highlighting the tension between the law and the grace that Jesus embodies. The narrative invites readers to consider the balance between justice and mercy, a central theme in Jesus' teachings.

In the Law
This phrase refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, which are foundational to Jewish religious life and law. The Greek word for "law" here is "νόμος" (nomos), which signifies not just legal codes but a way of life prescribed by God. The Law was given to Moses on Mount Sinai and is central to Jewish identity and practice. It is important to understand that the Law was seen as a divine mandate, not merely human legislation. This context underscores the gravity of the situation presented to Jesus, as the Pharisees are appealing to the highest religious authority recognized by the Jews.

Moses commanded us
Moses is a central figure in Jewish history, revered as the lawgiver and leader who brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The use of "commanded" (Greek: "ἐνετείλατο," eneteilato) indicates a direct order, emphasizing the binding nature of the Law. The Pharisees are invoking Moses' authority to challenge Jesus, attempting to trap Him between upholding the Law and His message of grace and forgiveness. This highlights the tension between the old covenant, represented by Moses, and the new covenant that Jesus is introducing.

to stone
Stoning was a prescribed method of capital punishment in ancient Israel, particularly for severe transgressions such as adultery. The Greek word "λιθάζειν" (lithazein) means to throw stones, a communal act meant to purge evil from among the people (Deuteronomy 22:22-24). This method of execution was not only about punishment but also about maintaining communal purity and obedience to God's commands. The mention of stoning here is intended to test Jesus' adherence to the Law and His stance on sin and justice.

such a woman
The phrase "such a woman" refers to a woman caught in adultery, as described earlier in the passage. The Greek word "τοιαύτην" (toiautēn) implies a specific kind of person, in this case, one who has violated the moral and legal codes of the community. This phrase reflects the societal view of women involved in such acts, often highlighting their vulnerability and the harsh judgment they faced. The focus on the woman, rather than the man involved, also points to the gender biases present in the application of the Law.

So what do You say?
This question is a direct challenge to Jesus, intended to trap Him. The Greek "σὺ οὖν τί λέγεις" (sy oun ti legeis) translates to "You, therefore, what do you say?" It is a moment of confrontation, where the Pharisees are testing whether Jesus will uphold the Law of Moses or contradict it. This question is pivotal, as it seeks to undermine Jesus' authority and mission. However, it also sets the stage for Jesus to reveal the deeper principles of mercy, justice, and forgiveness that transcend the letter of the Law. This moment invites reflection on how Jesus fulfills the Law through love and grace, offering a new way of understanding righteousness.

They said this to test Him
The phrase "They said this to test Him" reveals the malicious intent of the Pharisees and scribes. The Greek word for "test" is "πειράζω" (peirazō), which can mean to test, tempt, or try. In this context, it indicates a deliberate attempt to trap Jesus. Historically, the religious leaders were often in conflict with Jesus, seeking ways to undermine His authority and teachings. This test was not a genuine inquiry but a strategic move to discredit Him.

in order to have a basis for accusing Him
The phrase "in order to have a basis for accusing Him" underscores the ulterior motive behind the Pharisees' question. The Greek word for "accusing" is "κατηγορέω" (katēgoreō), which means to bring charges against or to accuse formally. The religious leaders were looking for a legal or theological misstep by Jesus that they could use against Him. This reflects the broader narrative of the Gospels, where Jesus' actions and teachings often challenged the established religious norms, leading to increased tension with the authorities.

But Jesus bent down
The action "But Jesus bent down" is significant. It demonstrates Jesus' calm and composed demeanor in the face of confrontation. The act of bending down can be seen as a non-verbal response that defuses the tension. In the cultural context of the time, such a gesture might have been unexpected, drawing attention away from the accusers and onto Jesus' actions.

and began to write on the ground with His finger
The phrase "and began to write on the ground with His finger" is one of the most intriguing aspects of this passage. The Greek word for "write" is "καταγράφω" (katagrapho), which means to write down or record. The text does not specify what Jesus wrote, leading to much speculation and interpretation. Some suggest He was writing the sins of the accusers, while others propose He was symbolically enacting a form of judgment or reflection. This action can be seen as a demonstration of divine wisdom and authority, reminiscent of God's writing of the Ten Commandments with His finger (Exodus 31:18). The act of writing on the ground also serves to shift the focus from the accusatory question to a moment of introspection and revelation.

When they continued to question Him
This phrase indicates persistence and pressure from the accusers. The Greek word for "continued" (ἐπέμενον) suggests a relentless pursuit, highlighting the Pharisees' determination to trap Jesus. Historically, this reflects the tension between Jesus and the religious leaders, who often sought to undermine His authority. Their questioning was not a quest for truth but a test of His adherence to Mosaic Law.

He straightened up
The act of straightening up (ἀνακύψας) signifies a deliberate and authoritative response. In the cultural context, this physical movement can symbolize readiness to address a challenge. Jesus' posture here is both literal and metaphorical, representing His moral and spiritual authority to address the situation.

and said to them
This phrase introduces Jesus' response, emphasizing His role as a teacher and judge. The Greek verb "said" (εἶπεν) is often used in the Gospels to denote significant teachings or declarations. Jesus' words are not just a reply but a profound teaching moment that transcends the immediate context.

Let him who is without sin among you
This statement is pivotal, as it shifts the focus from the accused woman to the accusers themselves. The Greek word for "without sin" (ἀναμάρτητος) is unique in the New Testament, underscoring the rarity and impossibility of such a condition among humans. This phrase challenges the accusers to self-reflect on their own sinfulness, aligning with the broader biblical theme of humility and repentance.

be the first to cast a stone at her
Casting a stone was a literal execution method for adultery under Mosaic Law (Deuteronomy 17:7). The phrase "be the first" (πρῶτος) implies leadership and responsibility in judgment. Jesus' challenge exposes the hypocrisy of the accusers, as none could claim sinlessness. This moment is a profound illustration of grace and mercy, central tenets of Jesus' ministry, and a call to prioritize compassion over legalism.

And again
This phrase indicates a repeated action, emphasizing the patience and deliberation of Jesus. In the Greek, "πάλιν" (palin) suggests a purposeful return to a previous action. This repetition underscores the importance of what Jesus is doing. It reflects His calm and composed demeanor amidst the chaos and accusations from the Pharisees. Historically, this repetition can be seen as a teaching moment, where Jesus is not rushed by the demands of others but takes His time to convey a deeper truth.

He bent down
The act of bending down is significant. In Greek, "κατέκυψεν" (katekypsen) implies a humble posture. Jesus, the Son of God, assumes a position of humility, which contrasts with the pride and arrogance of the accusers. This physical act can be seen as a metaphor for His incarnation—God bending down to humanity. It also reflects His willingness to engage with the earthiness of human life, symbolizing His empathy and understanding.

and wrote
The Greek word "ἔγραφεν" (egrapsen) is used here, which means to write. The act of writing in the dust is mysterious and has been the subject of much speculation. Some scholars suggest that Jesus was writing the sins of the accusers, while others propose He was fulfilling a prophetic act. The act of writing, especially in the context of the Law, suggests authority. Jesus, by writing, asserts His authority over the Law and its interpretation.

on the ground
The ground, or "γῆ" (ge) in Greek, is symbolic of the earth and humanity. Writing on the ground can be seen as a symbolic act of connecting divine truth with human reality. In the context of the narrative, the ground represents the temporal and transient nature of human judgment compared to the eternal and unchanging nature of divine judgment. Archaeologically, writing on the ground was not uncommon in ancient times, often used for temporary messages. This act by Jesus could symbolize the temporary nature of the accusations against the woman, in contrast to the eternal forgiveness He offers.

When they heard this
This phrase refers to the response of the accusers after Jesus' profound statement in the preceding verse, "Let him who is without sin among you be the first to throw a stone at her." The Greek word for "heard" (ἀκούσαντες, akousantes) implies not just the act of hearing but understanding and internalizing the message. This moment is pivotal as it reflects the power of Jesus' words to convict the conscience, leading to introspection and self-awareness among the accusers.

they began to go away one by one
The phrase "began to go away" (ἐξήρχοντο, exērchonto) suggests a gradual departure, indicating a personal and individual conviction. The accusers, upon realizing their own sinfulness, chose to leave the scene. This action underscores the transformative power of Jesus' teaching, which prompts self-examination and humility. The departure "one by one" highlights the personal nature of conviction and repentance, as each person must confront their own heart before God.

beginning with the older ones
The mention of "the older ones" (πρεσβύτεροι, presbyteroi) first departing is significant. In Jewish culture, elders were respected for their wisdom and experience. Their decision to leave first may indicate a deeper awareness of their own shortcomings or a greater understanding of the law and its implications. This act of humility by the elders sets an example for the younger accusers, demonstrating that wisdom often comes with the recognition of one's own need for grace.

until only Jesus was left
The phrase "only Jesus was left" (κατελείφθη μόνος, katelēiphthē monos) emphasizes the singular authority and purity of Christ. In a scene filled with accusations and judgment, Jesus remains the sole figure without sin, embodying the perfect balance of justice and mercy. This moment foreshadows the ultimate role of Jesus as the righteous judge and savior, who alone has the authority to condemn or forgive.

with the woman standing there
The image of "the woman standing there" (ἡ γυνὴ ἐν μέσῳ, hē gynē en mesō) is powerful. She remains in the presence of Jesus, the only one who could rightfully judge her. Her standing position suggests vulnerability yet also a readiness to receive whatever Jesus would say. This moment captures the essence of grace, as she stands before the one who offers forgiveness and new life. It is a poignant reminder of the transformative encounter with Christ, where condemnation is replaced with compassion and redemption.

Then Jesus straightened up
The act of Jesus straightening up is significant. In the Greek, the word used is "ἀνακύψας" (anakypsas), which means to rise or to stand upright. This physical action symbolizes Jesus' authority and readiness to address the situation with divine wisdom. It marks a transition from His previous posture of writing on the ground, which demonstrated His patience and thoughtfulness. This moment underscores the shift from judgment to grace, as Jesus prepares to address the woman with compassion and truth.

and asked her
The Greek word for "asked" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which can also mean "said" or "spoke." This indicates a direct and personal communication. Jesus' approach is gentle and respectful, engaging the woman in a conversation rather than a confrontation. This reflects His character as a compassionate Savior who seeks to restore rather than condemn. His question invites introspection and self-awareness, leading the woman to recognize her situation and the absence of her accusers.

Woman
The term "γύναι" (gynai) is used here, which is a respectful form of address in Greek. It is the same term Jesus used when speaking to His mother at the wedding in Cana (John 2:4). This respectful address highlights Jesus' regard for the woman's dignity, despite her circumstances. In a culture where women were often marginalized, Jesus' use of this term affirms her worth and humanity, setting a precedent for how His followers should treat others with respect and honor.

where are your accusers?
The word "accusers" comes from the Greek "κατήγοροι" (katēgoroi), meaning those who bring charges against someone. This question is rhetorical, drawing attention to the absence of those who sought to condemn her. Historically, the accusers were the scribes and Pharisees, who had brought the woman to Jesus to test Him. Their departure signifies the failure of their attempt to trap Jesus and highlights the futility of human judgment in the face of divine mercy.

Has no one condemned you?
The Greek word for "condemned" is "κατέκρινεν" (katekrinen), which means to judge against or to pronounce a sentence upon. Jesus' question emphasizes the lack of condemnation from her accusers and sets the stage for His own response. This moment reflects the broader biblical theme of God's mercy triumphing over judgment (James 2:13). It invites the woman, and all who hear the story, to consider the nature of true justice and the grace that Jesus offers to all who repent and believe.

No one, Lord
The phrase "No one, Lord," is a profound acknowledgment of the absence of accusers and an implicit recognition of Jesus' authority. The Greek word for "Lord" here is "Κύριε" (Kyrie), which can mean "sir" or "master," but in this context, it reflects a deeper respect and recognition of Jesus' divine authority. This acknowledgment is significant as it shows the woman's understanding of Jesus' role not just as a teacher, but as one with authority over moral and spiritual matters.

Then neither do I condemn you
The word "condemn" in Greek is "κατακρίνω" (katakrino), which means to judge against or to pronounce guilty. Jesus' statement here is revolutionary, as it reflects His mission of grace and redemption rather than judgment. In the historical context, the Law of Moses prescribed severe punishment for adultery, yet Jesus offers mercy. This act of forgiveness is a powerful demonstration of the new covenant, where grace triumphs over the law. It highlights the transformative power of Jesus' ministry, emphasizing forgiveness and the opportunity for a new beginning.

Jesus declared
The use of the word "declared" indicates a formal and authoritative pronouncement. In the Greek, "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used, which means "said" or "spoke." This is not a casual conversation but a definitive statement from Jesus. It underscores His authority to forgive sins and His role as the ultimate judge. This declaration is a pivotal moment, showcasing Jesus' divine authority and His mission to bring salvation and not condemnation.

Now go and sin no more
The phrase "sin no more" is a call to repentance and transformation. The Greek word for "sin" is "ἁμαρτάνω" (hamartano), which means to miss the mark or to err. Jesus' instruction is not just a command but an invitation to a new way of life. It reflects the heart of the Gospel message: forgiveness is not a license to continue in sin, but a call to live a life that honors God. This directive is both compassionate and challenging, offering the woman a chance to start anew while also calling her to a higher standard of living. It encapsulates the essence of Christian discipleship—receiving grace and responding with a transformed life.

When Jesus spoke again to the people
This phrase sets the scene for a significant teaching moment. The context is crucial; Jesus is in the temple courts during the Feast of Tabernacles, a time when large crowds gathered in Jerusalem. The phrase "spoke again" suggests continuity in His teaching, emphasizing His role as a persistent and patient teacher. Historically, the temple was a place of learning and revelation, making it a fitting backdrop for Jesus to reveal profound truths.

He said, 'I am the light of the world.'
The declaration "I am" (Greek: ἐγώ εἰμι, ego eimi) is a powerful assertion of divinity, echoing God's self-identification to Moses in Exodus 3:14. "The light of the world" is a metaphor rich with meaning. Light in the ancient world was essential for life, safety, and guidance. In the Hebrew Scriptures, light often symbolizes God's presence and truth (e.g., Psalm 27:1, Isaiah 60:19-20). Jesus positions Himself as the ultimate source of spiritual illumination and truth, fulfilling prophecies like Isaiah 9:2, which speaks of a great light for those walking in darkness.

Whoever follows Me
The invitation to "follow" (Greek: ἀκολουθέω, akoloutheō) implies discipleship and commitment. In the historical context, following a rabbi meant more than just physical proximity; it involved adopting the teacher's way of life and teachings. Jesus calls for a relationship that goes beyond mere acknowledgment, urging a transformative journey of faith and obedience.

will never walk in darkness
"Darkness" (Greek: σκοτία, skotia) represents ignorance, sin, and separation from God. The promise that followers "will never walk in darkness" assures believers of guidance and protection from spiritual blindness and moral confusion. This echoes the assurance found in Psalm 23:4, where God's presence dispels fear even in the darkest valleys.

but will have the light of life
The "light of life" signifies the illumination that leads to eternal life. In the biblical narrative, life (Greek: ζωή, zōē) is not merely biological existence but a quality of life that is abundant and eternal, as seen in John 10:10. This phrase encapsulates the promise of salvation and the transformative power of Christ's presence in a believer's life. The light of life is both a present reality and a future hope, guiding believers through the temporal world and into eternal communion with God.

So the Pharisees said to Him
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism during the time of Jesus. Known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions, they often found themselves in opposition to Jesus' teachings. The Greek word for "Pharisees" is "Pharisaioi," which means "separated ones." This highlights their commitment to being set apart in their observance of the Law. Historically, the Pharisees held significant influence over the Jewish people and were often seen as the guardians of religious purity. Their confrontation with Jesus here is indicative of their skepticism and resistance to His authority.

You are testifying about Yourself
The act of testifying, or "martureis" in Greek, implies bearing witness or giving evidence. In Jewish legal tradition, a testimony needed to be corroborated by two or three witnesses to be considered valid (Deuteronomy 19:15). The Pharisees challenge Jesus on this legalistic ground, questioning the credibility of His self-testimony. This reflects their reliance on external validation and their inability to recognize the divine authority inherent in Jesus' words and actions.

Your testimony is not valid
The word "valid" here is translated from the Greek "alēthēs," meaning true or genuine. The Pharisees' assertion that Jesus' testimony is not valid underscores their spiritual blindness and inability to perceive the truth of His identity. In a broader scriptural context, this challenge sets the stage for Jesus to reveal deeper truths about His relationship with the Father and His divine mission. The Pharisees' focus on legalistic validation contrasts with the spiritual truth that Jesus embodies, highlighting a recurring theme in the Gospels of the tension between human understanding and divine revelation.

Jesus replied
This phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His authority and willingness to engage with the Pharisees. The Greek word for "replied" is "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē), which conveys a formal and decisive answer. Jesus often used such replies to clarify His divine mission and identity, asserting His role as the Son of God.

Even if I testify about Myself
The phrase underscores the self-authenticating nature of Jesus' testimony. In Jewish law, a testimony typically required two or more witnesses to be considered valid (Deuteronomy 19:15). However, Jesus, being divine, transcends human legal standards. The Greek word "μαρτυρῶ" (martyro) for "testify" is related to the word for "witness," highlighting the truth and reliability of His words.

My testimony is valid
Here, Jesus asserts the legitimacy of His own witness. The Greek word "ἀληθής" (alēthēs) for "valid" means true or genuine. Jesus' testimony is inherently valid because it is rooted in His divine nature and mission. This statement challenges the Pharisees' understanding of truth and authority, pointing to Jesus as the ultimate source of truth.

because I know where I came from and where I am going
This phrase reveals Jesus' divine origin and destiny. The Greek word "οἶδα" (oida) for "know" implies complete and perfect knowledge, which only God possesses. Jesus' awareness of His heavenly origin and His return to the Father underscores His divine authority and purpose. It also highlights the eternal nature of His mission, which transcends earthly understanding.

But you do not know where I came from or where I am going
Jesus contrasts His divine knowledge with the Pharisees' ignorance. The Greek word "οἴδατε" (oidate) for "know" indicates a lack of understanding or recognition. The Pharisees' inability to comprehend Jesus' divine origin and mission reflects their spiritual blindness and resistance to the truth. This statement serves as a call to recognize Jesus' true identity and to seek understanding through faith.

You judge
The Greek word used here is "κρίνετε" (krinete), which means to judge, decide, or determine. In the context of the Gospel of John, this term often refers to the superficial and flawed judgment of the Pharisees and other religious leaders. Their judgment is based on external appearances and human standards rather than divine insight. This highlights a common theme in the Gospel: the contrast between human and divine perspectives.

according to the flesh
The phrase "κατὰ τὴν σάρκα" (kata tēn sarka) refers to judgment based on human nature, worldly standards, or physical appearances. In the Johannine context, "flesh" often symbolizes human weakness and limitations. The religious leaders of Jesus' time were criticized for their reliance on legalistic and superficial criteria, rather than seeking spiritual truth and understanding. This serves as a caution against relying solely on human wisdom and encourages believers to seek God's perspective.

I judge no one
The Greek phrase "ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω οὐδένα" (egō ou krinō oudena) emphasizes Jesus' role and mission during His earthly ministry. While Jesus possesses the authority to judge, His mission was not to condemn but to save (John 3:17). This statement underscores the grace and mercy inherent in Jesus' ministry. It also points to the future time when Jesus will return as the righteous judge. For now, His focus is on offering redemption and reconciliation to humanity.

But even if I do judge
This phrase introduces the possibility of Jesus exercising judgment. The Greek word for "judge" here is "κρίνω" (krinō), which means to separate, distinguish, or decide. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often speaks of judgment not in a condemning sense but as a discernment of truth and falsehood. Historically, the Jewish leaders were known for their judgments based on the Law of Moses, but Jesus presents a higher standard of judgment that is rooted in divine truth and love.

My judgment is true
The word "true" in Greek is "ἀληθινός" (alēthinos), which means genuine, real, or authentic. Jesus asserts that His judgment is not only accurate but also aligns with the ultimate reality of God's will. In a world filled with subjective opinions and falsehoods, Jesus' judgment stands as the embodiment of divine truth. This reflects the conservative Christian belief in the inerrancy and infallibility of Christ's words and actions.

because I am not alone
This phrase emphasizes the unity and partnership between Jesus and the Father. The Greek word "μόνος" (monos) means alone or solitary. Jesus is highlighting that His actions and judgments are not made in isolation but are in perfect harmony with God the Father. This unity is a cornerstone of Trinitarian theology, underscoring the co-equal and co-eternal relationship within the Godhead.

I am with the Father
The phrase "with the Father" signifies an intimate and continuous relationship. The Greek preposition "μετά" (meta) indicates accompaniment and association. Jesus' presence with the Father is not just physical but also spiritual and authoritative. This reflects the conservative Christian understanding of Jesus as fully divine and fully human, always in communion with the Father.

who sent Me
The concept of being "sent" is central to the mission of Jesus. The Greek word "πέμπω" (pempō) means to send or dispatch. This indicates that Jesus' mission is divinely ordained and purposeful. In the historical context, being sent by God was a mark of a true prophet or messenger. For conservative Christians, this underscores the belief in Jesus as the Messiah, the one sent to fulfill God's redemptive plan for humanity.

Even in your own Law
This phrase refers to the Mosaic Law, which was given to the Israelites and is foundational to Jewish religious and civil life. The Greek word for "Law" here is "νόμος" (nomos), which encompasses not only legal statutes but also moral and ethical teachings. Jesus is addressing the Pharisees, who prided themselves on their adherence to the Law. By saying "your own Law," Jesus emphasizes that He is using their standards to make His point, showing His deep understanding and respect for the Law, even as He fulfills and transcends it.

it is written
The phrase "it is written" is a common formula in the New Testament, used to introduce quotations from the Old Testament. The Greek word "γέγραπται" (gegraptai) is in the perfect tense, indicating that what was written remains authoritative and relevant. This underscores the enduring nature of God's Word and its applicability to all generations. Jesus often uses this phrase to affirm the authority of Scripture, reminding His listeners that the Word of God is the ultimate standard for truth and conduct.

the testimony of two men
This refers to the legal requirement found in Deuteronomy 19:15, which states that a matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses. The Greek word for "testimony" is "μαρτυρία" (martyria), which implies a witness or evidence given in a legal context. In the ancient world, and particularly in Jewish law, the testimony of two witnesses was necessary to confirm the truth of a claim. This principle underscores the importance of corroboration and reliability in establishing truth, reflecting God's justice and fairness.

is valid
The Greek word for "valid" is "ἀληθής" (alēthēs), which means true, reliable, or trustworthy. In the context of the Law, a testimony that is "valid" is one that meets the legal requirements and is therefore accepted as truth. Jesus uses this principle to highlight the validity of His own testimony, which is corroborated by the Father. This not only affirms His identity and mission but also challenges His listeners to recognize the divine authority behind His words and works.

I am One
The phrase "I am" is significant in the Gospel of John, echoing the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, "I AM WHO I AM." In Greek, "Ego eimi" is used, emphasizing Jesus' divine identity and authority. This self-identification aligns Jesus with the God of Israel, asserting His pre-existence and eternal nature. It is a profound declaration of His deity, inviting believers to recognize Him as the eternal Word made flesh.

who testifies about Myself
The concept of testimony is central in Jewish legal tradition, where the testimony of two witnesses is required to establish truth (Deuteronomy 19:15). Jesus' self-testimony is not merely human but divine, as He speaks with the authority of the Son of God. His words and works bear witness to His identity and mission, fulfilling the prophecies and promises of the Old Testament. This self-testimony challenges listeners to discern the truth of His claims through the lens of faith.

and the Father who sent Me
The relationship between Jesus and the Father is a recurring theme in John's Gospel. The Greek word "pempsas" (sent) underscores the divine mission and authority of Jesus. He is not acting independently but in perfect unity with the Father. This sending reflects the intimate relationship within the Trinity and the divine plan of salvation. The Father’s testimony is seen in the works and miracles of Jesus, which authenticate His divine mission and identity.

also testifies about Me
The dual testimony of Jesus and the Father fulfills the legal requirement for truth, providing a complete and divine validation of Jesus' claims. The Father's testimony is manifested through the Holy Spirit, the Scriptures, and the miraculous works of Jesus. This divine endorsement calls believers to trust in Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God, offering assurance of His truth and the promise of eternal life to those who believe.

Where is Your Father?
This question posed by the Pharisees reflects a misunderstanding of Jesus' divine nature and His relationship with God the Father. The Greek word for "Father" here is "πατήρ" (patēr), which can denote a biological father or a figure of authority and origin. In the context of first-century Judea, lineage and paternal identity were crucial for social and religious standing. The Pharisees' question is both a challenge to Jesus' authority and a literal inquiry, as they fail to grasp His divine sonship.

they asked Him
The Pharisees' inquiry is not merely a request for information but a challenge to Jesus' claims. The Greek verb "ἔλεγον" (elegon) implies a continuous or repeated action, suggesting that this was part of an ongoing interrogation. This reflects the broader context of the Gospel of John, where Jesus frequently faces opposition from religious leaders who question His identity and authority.

You do not know Me or My Father
Jesus' response highlights the spiritual blindness of the Pharisees. The Greek word for "know" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual understanding. Jesus emphasizes that their lack of recognition of Him as the Messiah is directly linked to their inability to truly know God the Father. This statement underscores a central theme in John's Gospel: the revelation of God through Jesus Christ.

Jesus answered
The Greek verb "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē) indicates a definitive response. Jesus' answer is authoritative and reveals His divine insight. Throughout the Gospels, Jesus often responds to questions with profound truths that challenge the assumptions of His listeners, inviting them to a deeper understanding of spiritual realities.

If you knew Me
Here, Jesus uses a conditional clause to illustrate the connection between knowing Him and knowing the Father. The Greek word "εἰ" (ei) introduces a hypothetical situation that reveals the Pharisees' spiritual deficiency. This statement invites reflection on the nature of true knowledge, which in the biblical sense involves a relationship and recognition of Jesus' divine identity.

you would know My Father as well
Jesus concludes with a profound theological truth: knowledge of Him is inseparable from knowledge of the Father. The phrase "as well" (καί) emphasizes the unity between Jesus and the Father, a recurring theme in John's Gospel. This unity is foundational to Christian doctrine, affirming the belief in the Trinity and the co-equal divinity of the Father and the Son. Jesus' statement challenges the Pharisees—and all readers—to recognize that true knowledge of God is revealed through Christ.

He spoke these words
This phrase indicates the authority and intentionality of Jesus' teaching. The Greek word for "spoke" is "ἐλάλησεν" (elalēsen), which implies a deliberate and authoritative communication. Jesus' words were not casual remarks but were filled with purpose and divine insight. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus' words often reveal His identity and mission, challenging listeners to recognize Him as the Messiah.

while teaching
The act of teaching, "διδάσκων" (didaskōn), is central to Jesus' ministry. In the Jewish tradition, teaching was a revered activity, often associated with rabbis and scholars. Jesus, however, taught with a unique authority that astonished His listeners (Matthew 7:28-29). His teaching was not merely an academic exercise but a transformative encounter with divine truth.

in the temple courts
The temple courts, or "ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ" (en tō hierō), were the outer areas of the temple in Jerusalem where people gathered for worship and instruction. This setting is significant because the temple was the heart of Jewish religious life, symbolizing God's presence among His people. Jesus teaching in the temple courts underscores His role as the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets, bringing new understanding and revelation.

near the treasury
The treasury, "γάζα" (gaza), was a part of the temple where offerings were collected. This location is symbolic, as it represents the intersection of worship, sacrifice, and devotion. Jesus' presence near the treasury highlights His role as the ultimate offering and the one who would fulfill the sacrificial system through His death and resurrection.

Yet no one seized Him
The phrase "οὐδεὶς ἐπίασεν αὐτόν" (oudeis epiēsen auton) reflects the divine protection over Jesus' life and mission. Despite the growing hostility from religious leaders, no one could lay a hand on Him until the appointed time. This demonstrates God's sovereign control over the events of history and the unfolding of His redemptive plan.

because His hour had not yet come
The concept of "His hour," "ἡ ὥρα αὐτοῦ" (hē hōra autou), is a recurring theme in John's Gospel, referring to the divinely appointed time for Jesus' crucifixion and glorification. This phrase emphasizes the predetermined nature of Jesus' mission and the fulfillment of God's salvation plan. It reassures believers that God's timing is perfect, and His purposes will be accomplished in His way and time.

Again He said to them
This phrase indicates a continuation of Jesus' dialogue with the Pharisees and the Jewish leaders. The word "again" suggests repetition, emphasizing the persistent misunderstanding or rejection by His audience. In the Greek, "palin" (again) underscores the patience and consistency of Jesus' message. Historically, this reflects the ongoing tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, who repeatedly challenged His teachings and authority.

I am going away
The phrase "I am going away" is a prophetic statement about Jesus' impending death, resurrection, and ascension. The Greek verb "hypago" (going away) implies a purposeful departure. This reflects Jesus' divine mission and the fulfillment of His earthly ministry. Archaeologically, this period was fraught with political and religious turmoil, making Jesus' message of departure both a literal and spiritual journey.

and you will look for Me
This phrase suggests a future search for Jesus, possibly in a time of crisis or realization of His true identity. The Greek "zeteo" (look for) conveys an earnest seeking or desire. Scripturally, this can be seen as a foreshadowing of the Jewish people's continued search for the Messiah, whom they failed to recognize in Jesus.

but you will die in your sin
A sobering declaration, this phrase highlights the spiritual consequence of rejecting Jesus. The Greek "hamartia" (sin) denotes a state of moral failure or missing the mark. Historically, this reflects the Jewish leaders' persistent unbelief and the spiritual blindness that prevented them from accepting Jesus as the Messiah. Theologically, it underscores the necessity of faith in Christ for salvation.

Where I am going, you cannot come
This statement emphasizes the separation between Jesus and those who do not believe in Him. The Greek "ou dunamai" (cannot) indicates an inability or impossibility. This reflects the spiritual divide between heaven and those who reject Christ. Scripturally, it echoes Jesus' earlier teachings about the narrow path to eternal life and the necessity of following Him to enter the Kingdom of God.

So the Jews began to ask
This phrase indicates a reaction from the Jewish leaders or people present during Jesus' discourse. The Greek word for "Jews" here is "Ἰουδαῖοι" (Ioudaioi), which in the Gospel of John often refers to the Jewish authorities or those opposed to Jesus. Historically, this reflects the tension between Jesus and the religious leaders of His time, who frequently misunderstood or challenged His teachings. Their questioning shows a lack of spiritual insight and a focus on earthly interpretations.

Will He kill Himself
The question posed by the Jews reveals their misunderstanding of Jesus' statement. The Greek verb "ἀποκτείνω" (apokteinō) means "to kill" or "to put to death." In the cultural and historical context, suicide was considered a grave sin, and the Jews' question may have been sarcastic or mocking, suggesting that Jesus' words were nonsensical or indicative of despair. This reflects their spiritual blindness and inability to grasp the deeper, spiritual meaning of Jesus' mission and destiny.

since He says
This phrase introduces the reason for their question, pointing back to Jesus' previous statement. The Greek word "λέγει" (legei) means "he says" or "he speaks," emphasizing the authority and intentionality behind Jesus' words. The Jews are fixated on the literal interpretation of His statement, missing the spiritual truth He is conveying.

‘Where I am going, you cannot come’
This statement by Jesus is profound and layered with meaning. The Greek phrase "ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω" (hopou egō hypagō) translates to "where I am going." Jesus is speaking of His return to the Father, His ascension, and ultimately, the heavenly realm. The inability of the Jews to follow Him "you cannot come" (οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν, ou dynasthe elthein) highlights their spiritual separation from God due to unbelief. This phrase underscores the necessity of faith in Christ to access eternal life and the presence of God. It serves as a call to recognize Jesus as the way to the Father, a theme that is central to the Gospel of John.

But He continued
This phrase indicates a continuation of Jesus' discourse, emphasizing His persistent effort to communicate profound truths to His audience. The Greek word for "continued" (ἔλεγεν, elegen) suggests an ongoing dialogue, reflecting Jesus' patience and determination to reveal His divine identity and mission. This persistence is a testament to His love and desire for all to understand and accept the truth.

You are from below
Here, Jesus contrasts the origin and nature of His listeners with His own. The phrase "from below" (ἐκ τῶν κάτω, ek tōn katō) implies a worldly, earthly origin. It suggests a mindset and nature that are limited by earthly concerns and sinful inclinations. This distinction highlights the spiritual blindness and limitations of those who are not aligned with divine truth.

I am from above
In contrast, Jesus declares His divine origin with "I am from above" (ἐγὼ ἐκ τῶν ἄνω, egō ek tōn anō). This phrase underscores His heavenly origin and divine nature. The use of "I am" (ἐγὼ εἰμί, egō eimi) is significant, echoing the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, thus affirming His deity. Jesus' heavenly origin sets Him apart as the one who brings divine truth and salvation.

You are of this world
The phrase "of this world" (ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κόσμου, ek toutou tou kosmou) refers to the fallen, sinful state of humanity and the temporal, materialistic focus of those who do not know God. It implies a life lived according to worldly values and priorities, which are often in opposition to God's kingdom. This worldliness is a barrier to understanding and accepting the spiritual truths Jesus offers.

I am not of this world
Jesus concludes with a powerful declaration of His otherworldly nature: "I am not of this world" (οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, ouk eimi ek tou kosmou toutou). This statement reinforces His divine mission and the transcendent nature of His kingdom. It calls believers to recognize the temporary nature of earthly life and to seek the eternal, spiritual realities that Jesus embodies and offers.

That is why I told you
This phrase indicates a continuation of a previous discourse, emphasizing the importance of Jesus' earlier teachings. The Greek word for "told" (λέγω, legō) implies a declaration or proclamation, underscoring the authority and intentionality behind Jesus' words. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often speaks with divine authority, revealing truths that are essential for spiritual understanding and salvation.

you would die in your sins
The phrase "die in your sins" is a stark warning. The Greek word for "sins" (ἁμαρτίαις, hamartiais) refers to moral failures or offenses against God. The concept of dying in one's sins implies a state of separation from God, both in this life and eternally. This reflects the conservative Christian belief in the gravity of sin and the necessity of redemption through Christ. The historical context of first-century Judaism, with its sacrificial system, highlights the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement.

For unless you believe
The word "believe" (πιστεύω, pisteuō) is central to the Gospel of John, signifying trust and faith in Jesus as the Messiah. This belief is not merely intellectual assent but involves a deep, personal trust in Jesus' identity and mission. The conservative Christian perspective emphasizes that faith is the means by which individuals receive salvation, aligning with the broader biblical narrative of justification by faith.

that I am He
This phrase is a profound declaration of Jesus' identity. The Greek phrase "ἐγώ εἰμι" (egō eimi) can be translated as "I am," echoing the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14 ("I AM WHO I AM"). This connection underscores Jesus' divinity and His unity with the Father. In the historical and scriptural context, this claim would have been understood as a bold assertion of Jesus' divine nature, which is a cornerstone of conservative Christian theology.

you will die in your sins
The repetition of this phrase reinforces the urgency and seriousness of Jesus' message. It serves as both a warning and a call to action, urging listeners to respond in faith. The conservative Christian view holds that without belief in Jesus as the Savior, individuals remain in their sinful state, facing eternal separation from God. This underscores the necessity of evangelism and the proclamation of the Gospel as the means of bringing people to faith and salvation.

Who are You?
This question posed by the Pharisees reflects a recurring theme in the Gospel of John: the identity of Jesus. The Greek phrase "Σὺ τίς εἶ;" (Su tis ei?) indicates a direct challenge to Jesus' authority and identity. Historically, the Jewish leaders were expecting a Messiah who would fit their preconceived notions of a political liberator. This question is not just about curiosity but a deeper skepticism and resistance to Jesus' claims. In the broader scriptural context, this question echoes the human struggle to understand the divine nature of Christ, a theme that resonates throughout the New Testament.

they asked
The act of asking here is significant. The Greek verb "ἔλεγον" (elegon) is in the imperfect tense, suggesting a repeated or ongoing action. This implies that the Pharisees were persistently questioning Jesus, indicative of their continual doubt and opposition. This persistent questioning can be seen as a metaphor for humanity's ongoing quest for truth and understanding of the divine. It also highlights the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, a tension that ultimately leads to the crucifixion.

Just what I have been telling you
Jesus' response is both profound and straightforward. The phrase "Τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅ τι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν" (Tēn archēn ho ti kai lalō hymin) can be translated as "from the beginning what I am also saying to you." The word "ἀρχή" (archē) means "beginning" or "origin," suggesting that Jesus' identity and mission have been consistent from the start. This consistency is a testament to His divine nature and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. Jesus is emphasizing that His message has not changed, reinforcing His role as the eternal Word (Logos) as introduced in John 1:1.

from the beginning
The phrase "from the beginning" is crucial in understanding Jesus' divine pre-existence and His unchanging nature. In the context of John's Gospel, this points back to the prologue (John 1:1), where Jesus is described as the Word who was with God in the beginning. This assertion of pre-existence is a cornerstone of Christian theology, affirming that Jesus is not merely a historical figure but the eternal Son of God. It also serves as a reminder of the continuity of God's plan for salvation, which has been unfolding since the creation of the world.

Jesus replied
The act of replying here is significant. The Greek verb "εἶπεν" (eipen) is in the aorist tense, indicating a definitive and authoritative response. Jesus' reply is not just a defense of His identity but an invitation to the Pharisees—and to all readers of the Gospel—to recognize and accept Him as the Messiah. This moment is a pivotal point in the narrative, where Jesus reaffirms His divine mission and challenges His listeners to move beyond skepticism to faith. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus' replies often serve as revelations of His divine wisdom and authority, inviting believers to deeper understanding and commitment.

I have much to say about you
In this phrase, Jesus is addressing the Pharisees and the Jewish leaders. The Greek word for "say" is "λέγω" (legō), which implies not just speaking but conveying a message of importance. Jesus, as the Word made flesh (John 1:14), embodies divine wisdom and truth. His words are not mere opinions but carry the weight of divine authority. The phrase suggests that Jesus has a deep understanding of the hearts and minds of those He addresses, and He could reveal much about their spiritual state and intentions.

and much to judge
The Greek word for "judge" is "κρίνω" (krinō), which means to separate, distinguish, or make a decision. In a biblical context, judgment is not merely about condemnation but about discerning truth from falsehood and righteousness from sin. Jesus, as the righteous judge, has the authority to evaluate the actions and hearts of individuals. This phrase underscores His role as the ultimate arbiter of truth and morality, highlighting the seriousness of His mission and the accountability of those who hear His words.

But the One who sent Me
This phrase refers to God the Father, emphasizing the divine mission and authority of Jesus. The Greek word "πέμπω" (pempō) for "sent" indicates a purposeful sending with a mission. Jesus consistently points to His relationship with the Father, affirming that His teachings and actions are not self-derived but are in complete alignment with God's will. This underscores the unity and harmony within the Trinity and the divine origin of Jesus' message.

is truthful
The Greek word for "truthful" is "ἀληθής" (alēthēs), meaning true, genuine, or real. This attribute of God assures us that His nature and His words are reliable and trustworthy. In a world filled with deception and falsehood, the truthfulness of God provides a solid foundation for faith. Jesus, as the embodiment of truth (John 14:6), reflects the character of the Father, offering a message that is consistent, dependable, and life-giving.

and what I have heard from Him
This phrase highlights the intimate communication between Jesus and the Father. The Greek word "ἀκούω" (akouō) for "heard" implies not just hearing but understanding and receiving a message. Jesus' teachings are not based on human wisdom but are a direct revelation from God. This assures believers that His words are divinely inspired and authoritative, providing guidance and insight into the nature of God and His kingdom.

I tell the world
The Greek word "λέγω" (legō) is used again here for "tell," emphasizing the act of conveying a message. The term "world" (κόσμος, kosmos) refers to humanity at large, indicating the universal scope of Jesus' mission. His message is not limited to a specific group but is intended for all people, transcending cultural and geographical boundaries. This reflects the inclusive nature of the Gospel, inviting everyone to hear and respond to the truth of God's love and salvation through Christ.

They did not understand
This phrase highlights the spiritual blindness and lack of comprehension among the listeners of Jesus. The Greek word used here is "οὐκ ἔγνωσαν" (ouk egnōsan), which implies a failure to perceive or recognize. This lack of understanding is not merely intellectual but spiritual, indicating a deeper inability to grasp the divine truths Jesus was revealing. Historically, this reflects the broader theme in the Gospel of John where Jesus' teachings often confound those who are not open to the spiritual insights He offers. It serves as a reminder of the necessity of spiritual discernment and openness to divine revelation.

that He was telling them
The phrase underscores the active communication of Jesus. The Greek verb "ἔλεγεν" (elegen) is in the imperfect tense, suggesting a continuous or repeated action. Jesus persistently communicated His message, emphasizing His role as the divine teacher. This persistence is a testament to His patience and desire for His audience to come to an understanding of His identity and mission. It reflects the historical context of Jesus' ministry, where He often faced misunderstanding and opposition, yet continued to teach with authority and clarity.

about the Father
This phrase is central to the identity and mission of Jesus as presented in the Gospel of John. The Greek term "τὸν πατέρα" (ton patera) refers to God the Father, highlighting the intimate relationship between Jesus and God. Jesus' teachings consistently pointed to the Father, emphasizing His divine origin and the unity between Him and the Father. This reflects the theological cornerstone of the Christian faith: the revelation of God through Jesus Christ. Historically, this was a radical claim that challenged the prevailing religious understanding of God, inviting listeners to a deeper, more personal relationship with the divine. It serves as an invitation for believers to seek a closer connection with God through the teachings and person of Jesus.

When you have lifted up
The phrase "lifted up" comes from the Greek word "hypsoō," which can mean both a physical lifting and an exaltation. In the context of the Gospel of John, it refers to the crucifixion of Jesus, where He is physically lifted up on the cross. Historically, crucifixion was a Roman method of execution, reserved for the most severe criminals, and it was a public spectacle meant to humiliate. However, in a divine paradox, this act of humiliation becomes the moment of glorification for Jesus, as it fulfills the prophecies and reveals His true identity as the Savior.

the Son of Man
This title, "Son of Man," is deeply rooted in Jewish eschatology and is found in the book of Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a heavenly figure who is given authority and an everlasting kingdom. Jesus frequently uses this title to refer to Himself, emphasizing both His humanity and His divine authority. It is a messianic title that connects Jesus to the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy, highlighting His role as the mediator between God and humanity.

then you will know
The Greek word for "know" here is "ginōskō," which implies a deep, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual understanding. Jesus is indicating that through His crucifixion and subsequent resurrection, people will come to a profound realization of His true nature and mission. This knowledge is not just about recognizing Jesus as a historical figure but involves a transformative understanding that leads to faith and salvation.

that I am He
This phrase echoes the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, "I AM WHO I AM." In the Greek, it is "ego eimi," which is a significant declaration of Jesus' divinity. By using this phrase, Jesus is identifying Himself with Yahweh, the God of Israel. This is a bold claim that asserts His pre-existence and eternal nature, challenging His listeners to see Him not just as a teacher or prophet, but as God incarnate.

and that I do nothing on My own
Here, Jesus emphasizes His complete submission and obedience to the Father. The Greek word "poieō" for "do" suggests action or work. Jesus' ministry is not self-initiated but is in perfect alignment with the Father's will. This reflects the unity and harmony within the Trinity, where the Son acts in accordance with the Father's purpose, demonstrating the model of perfect obedience and humility.

but speak exactly what the Father has taught Me
The word "speak" comes from the Greek "laleō," which means to utter or proclaim. Jesus' teachings are not His own inventions but are the direct revelation from the Father. This underscores the authority and truth of His words, as they are divinely inspired. The phrase "has taught Me" indicates an intimate relationship between the Father and the Son, where Jesus is the faithful messenger of God's will. This teaching is not just for intellectual assent but is meant to lead to a life of faith and obedience.

He who sent Me
This phrase refers to God the Father, who sent Jesus Christ into the world. The Greek word for "sent" is "πέμπω" (pempo), which implies a mission or purpose. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus frequently emphasizes His divine mission and origin, underscoring His authority and the divine plan of salvation. This phrase highlights the intimate relationship between Jesus and the Father, affirming that Jesus is not acting independently but is fulfilling the will of the One who sent Him.

is with Me
The presence of God with Jesus is a recurring theme in the Gospel of John. The Greek word "μετ' ἐμοῦ" (met' emou) signifies companionship and support. This assurance of divine presence is crucial for understanding Jesus' ministry. It reflects the Old Testament promise of God's presence with His chosen ones, as seen with figures like Moses and Joshua. For believers, this phrase is a reminder of God's constant presence and support in their lives, especially when they are aligned with His will.

He has not left Me alone
This statement emphasizes the unbroken fellowship between Jesus and the Father. The Greek word "ἀφῆκεν" (apheken) means "to leave" or "to forsake." Jesus assures His listeners that He is never abandoned by God, even in His earthly ministry. This is a profound truth for Christians, as it echoes the promise that God will never leave nor forsake His people (Hebrews 13:5). It provides comfort and strength, knowing that God is always present, even in times of trial.

because I always do
The phrase underscores Jesus' perfect obedience to the Father. The Greek word "ποιῶ" (poio) means "to do" or "to make," indicating action and purpose. Jesus' life was characterized by complete submission to God's will, setting an example for believers to follow. This obedience is not out of compulsion but out of love and unity with the Father. It challenges Christians to examine their own lives and strive for obedience to God's commands.

what pleases Him
The ultimate goal of Jesus' actions is to please the Father. The Greek word "ἀρεστά" (aresta) means "pleasing" or "acceptable." This reflects the harmonious relationship between Jesus and God, where Jesus' actions are in perfect alignment with God's desires. For believers, this phrase serves as a call to live lives that are pleasing to God, seeking His approval above all else. It encourages a life of holiness and dedication, motivated by love for God and a desire to honor Him in all things.

As He spoke these things
This phrase indicates the ongoing discourse of Jesus. The context here is crucial, as Jesus is speaking in the temple courts, teaching the people and engaging with the Pharisees. The Greek word for "spoke" is "λαλέω" (laleó), which implies not just speaking, but communicating with authority and purpose. Jesus' words are not mere conversation; they are divine revelation, intended to illuminate and transform. Historically, the temple was the center of Jewish religious life, making Jesus' teachings there particularly significant as they challenged the prevailing religious norms.

many believed in Him
The word "many" (πολλοί, polloi) suggests a significant number of people were moved by Jesus' words. This belief is not just intellectual assent but a deeper trust and faith in Jesus as the Messiah. The Greek word for "believed" is "πιστεύω" (pisteuó), which means to have faith or trust. This belief is a pivotal theme in the Gospel of John, emphasizing the necessity of faith for salvation. The phrase "in Him" underscores the object of their faith—Jesus Himself, not just His teachings or miracles. This belief marks a turning point for those who heard Him, as they moved from curiosity or skepticism to genuine faith. In the broader scriptural context, this moment reflects the fulfillment of prophecies about the Messiah and the gathering of God's people through faith in Christ.

So He said
This phrase indicates a direct communication from Jesus, emphasizing His role as a teacher and authority. The Greek word for "said" is "eipen," which is often used in the New Testament to denote not just speaking, but conveying a message of importance. Jesus' words are not casual; they are intentional and carry divine authority.

to the Jews who had believed Him
This group is significant because it highlights those who had accepted Jesus' message to some extent. The Greek term "pisteuo" for "believed" implies more than intellectual assent; it suggests trust and reliance. Historically, this belief was a radical shift from traditional Jewish teachings, indicating a willingness to embrace Jesus' new covenant.

If you continue
The word "continue" is translated from the Greek "meno," meaning to remain, abide, or dwell. This implies a persistent, ongoing action, not a one-time event. In the context of discipleship, it suggests a lifelong commitment to living out Jesus' teachings. The historical context of discipleship in the first century involved a deep, personal relationship with a rabbi, where the disciple would emulate the teacher's life and teachings.

in My word
"Word" here is "logos" in Greek, which can mean a spoken word, a message, or a teaching. In the broader scriptural context, "logos" is also used to describe Jesus Himself (John 1:1). Thus, continuing in Jesus' word means adhering to His teachings and embodying His message. It is a call to align one's life with the truth and wisdom of Christ.

you are truly My disciples
The phrase "truly My disciples" underscores authenticity and genuineness. The Greek word "alethos" for "truly" conveys a sense of reality and truthfulness. Being a disciple of Jesus is not merely about external adherence but involves a true transformation of heart and mind. Historically, discipleship required a radical reorientation of one's life, often at great personal cost, reflecting a deep commitment to the teacher's mission and values.

Then you will know
The phrase "Then you will know" implies a future realization or understanding. The Greek word for "know" here is "γνώσεσθε" (gnōsesthe), which suggests an experiential knowledge, not merely intellectual assent. In the context of Jesus' teachings, this knowledge is transformative, indicating a deep, personal relationship with the truth. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of knowledge as something that involves the whole person, not just the mind. It is a call to discipleship, where knowing is tied to following and living out the teachings of Christ.

the truth
"The truth" in this context is not just factual accuracy but a profound spiritual reality. The Greek word "ἀλήθεια" (alētheia) conveys the idea of something that is real, genuine, and reliable. In the Gospel of John, truth is closely associated with Jesus Himself, who declares, "I am the way and the truth and the life" (John 14:6). This truth is the revelation of God through Christ, encompassing His teachings, His person, and His redemptive work. Historically, truth in the Jewish tradition was seen as faithfulness and reliability, attributes of God Himself.

and the truth will set you free
The phrase "will set you free" is a powerful promise of liberation. The Greek word "ἐλευθερώσει" (eleutherōsei) means to liberate or release from bondage. In the historical context of first-century Judea, freedom was a significant theme, as the Jewish people lived under Roman occupation and longed for political and spiritual liberation. Jesus, however, speaks of a deeper freedom—freedom from sin, guilt, and spiritual death. This freedom is not merely external but internal, transforming the believer's heart and mind. Scripturally, this echoes the Old Testament themes of deliverance and redemption, where God repeatedly sets His people free from physical and spiritual captivity.

We are Abraham’s descendants
This phrase is a declaration of ethnic and spiritual heritage. The Jewish people took great pride in their lineage from Abraham, the patriarch with whom God made a covenant. The Greek word for "descendants" here is "σπέρμα" (sperma), meaning seed or offspring. This term emphasizes the physical lineage and the covenantal promises given to Abraham and his descendants. Historically, being a descendant of Abraham was seen as a guarantee of God's favor and a special status among the nations. However, Jesus challenges this notion by emphasizing spiritual rather than merely physical descent.

they answered
The "they" refers to the Jewish leaders and people who were engaging in dialogue with Jesus. This response is part of a larger conversation where Jesus is teaching about true freedom and spiritual bondage. The Greek verb "ἀπεκρίθησαν" (apekrithēsan) indicates a formal reply, suggesting that the speakers are confident in their understanding and position. This interaction highlights the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, who often misunderstood or resisted His teachings.

We have never been slaves to anyone
This statement is historically and contextually significant. The Jewish people had experienced slavery and oppression under various empires, including Egypt, Babylon, and Rome. The claim here is likely a reference to their spiritual freedom as God's chosen people, rather than a literal historical account. The Greek word "δουλεύω" (douleuō) means to be enslaved or in bondage. This phrase reveals a misunderstanding of true spiritual freedom, which Jesus is about to address. It also reflects a common human tendency to deny or minimize one's own bondage to sin or external powers.

How can You say
This question reflects skepticism and perhaps indignation. The Jewish leaders are challenging Jesus' authority and understanding. The Greek phrase "πῶς σὺ λέγεις" (pōs sy legeis) indicates a questioning of Jesus' right or ability to make such a statement. This challenge is a common theme in the Gospels, where Jesus' teachings often provoke questions and resistance from those who are confident in their own understanding of the law and tradition.

‘You will be set free’?
This promise of freedom is central to Jesus' message. The Greek word "ἐλεύθερος" (eleutheros) means to be free or liberated. Jesus is speaking of a deeper, spiritual freedom from sin and its consequences, rather than political or social liberation. This concept of freedom is rooted in the truth of the Gospel and the transformative power of Christ's work. The promise of being "set free" is an invitation to experience the fullness of life that comes from a relationship with God, transcending any earthly bondage or limitation.

Jesus replied
The phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His authority and the importance of His words. In the Greek, "Jesus" is "Ἰησοῦς" (Iēsous), a name that signifies "Yahweh is salvation." This highlights the divine authority and salvific mission of Christ. The verb "replied" (ἀπεκρίθη, apekrithē) suggests a thoughtful and authoritative answer, underscoring the gravity of the teaching that follows.

Truly, truly
In Greek, this is "ἀμὴν ἀμὴν" (amēn amēn), a double affirmation that translates to "verily, verily" or "truly, truly." This repetition is a Hebraic way of emphasizing the truth and importance of the statement. It is used by Jesus to assert the certainty and divine authority of His words, demanding the listener's full attention and acceptance.

I tell you
The phrase "I tell you" (λέγω ὑμῖν, legō hymin) is a personal and direct communication from Jesus to His audience. It underscores the personal nature of His teaching and His role as the divine teacher. The use of "I" emphasizes His authority and the directness of His message, inviting the listener to receive His words as truth.

everyone who sins
The Greek word for "sins" is "ἁμαρτάνει" (hamartanei), which means to miss the mark or to err. This term conveys the idea of falling short of God's standards. The use of "everyone" (πᾶς, pas) indicates the universal nature of sin, affirming that all humanity is affected by sin and its consequences, thus highlighting the need for redemption.

is a slave to sin
The word "slave" in Greek is "δοῦλος" (doulos), which refers to a bondservant or one who is in bondage. This metaphor illustrates the controlling and binding nature of sin over an individual's life. Historically, slavery was a common institution in the ancient world, and Jesus uses this imagery to convey the spiritual bondage that sin imposes. The phrase emphasizes the powerlessness of individuals to free themselves from sin without divine intervention, pointing to the necessity of Christ's redemptive work for true liberation.

A slave
The term "slave" in this context is translated from the Greek word "δοῦλος" (doulos), which refers to someone who is in bondage or servitude. In the historical context of the Roman Empire, slaves were considered property and had no rights or permanent status within a household. Spiritually, this term is used to describe those who are in bondage to sin, lacking the freedom and inheritance that comes with being a child of God. The imagery of slavery here is a powerful reminder of the temporal and unstable nature of living outside of God's grace.

is not a permanent member
The phrase highlights the transient and insecure position of a slave within a household. In ancient times, a slave could be sold or transferred at the master's will, emphasizing the lack of permanence and security. This serves as a metaphor for the spiritual condition of those who are enslaved by sin; they do not have a lasting place in God's family. The temporary nature of a slave's position contrasts sharply with the eternal security offered to believers.

of the family
The "family" here refers to the household of God, a recurring theme in the New Testament that signifies belonging, relationship, and inheritance. In a biblical sense, being part of God's family means being in a covenant relationship with Him, enjoying the privileges and responsibilities that come with being His child. This familial language underscores the intimacy and love that God extends to those who are His.

but a son
The word "son" is translated from the Greek "υἱός" (huios), which signifies not just a male child, but an heir with full rights and privileges. In the cultural context of the time, a son had a permanent place in the family and was entitled to the inheritance. Spiritually, this represents believers who, through faith in Christ, are adopted into God's family and enjoy the full rights of sonship, including eternal life and a secure place in God's kingdom.

belongs to it forever
This phrase emphasizes the eternal security and permanence of the believer's position in God's family. The Greek word "μένει" (menei) means to remain or abide, indicating a lasting and unchangeable status. In contrast to the temporary status of a slave, a son has an unbreakable bond with the family. This assurance of eternal belonging is a cornerstone of Christian faith, offering hope and confidence to believers that their relationship with God is secure and everlasting.

So if
The phrase "So if" introduces a conditional statement, indicating a potential reality that hinges on a specific action or condition. In the Greek, "if" (ἐὰν) is a conjunction that often introduces a conditional clause, suggesting a possibility or a hypothetical situation. This sets the stage for a profound truth that Jesus is about to reveal, emphasizing the importance of the condition that follows.

the Son
"The Son" refers to Jesus Christ, the second person of the Holy Trinity. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus frequently refers to Himself as the Son, highlighting His divine nature and unique relationship with God the Father. The term underscores His authority and power to enact the freedom being discussed. Historically, the title "Son of God" was understood by the Jewish audience as a claim to divinity, which is central to Christian belief.

sets you free
The phrase "sets you free" comes from the Greek verb ἐλευθερόω (eleutheroō), meaning to liberate or to make free. This freedom is not merely physical or political but spiritual and eternal. In the context of the New Testament, it refers to liberation from the bondage of sin and the law. The historical context of first-century Judaism involved a strong desire for political freedom from Roman rule, but Jesus speaks of a deeper, more significant freedom.

you will be
"You will be" indicates a future state or condition that results from the action of the Son. It is a promise of transformation and assurance. The future tense in Greek (ἔσεσθε) emphasizes the certainty and inevitability of this new state of being once the condition is met.

free indeed
"Free indeed" is a powerful affirmation of the completeness and reality of the freedom offered by Christ. The Greek word ὄντως (ontōs) means truly or really, emphasizing the genuine nature of this freedom. This freedom is not superficial or temporary but profound and lasting. In the broader scriptural context, this freedom is from the power of sin, death, and the devil, offering believers a new identity and life in Christ.

I know that you are Abraham’s descendants
This phrase acknowledges the physical lineage of the Jewish people to Abraham, a patriarch revered in Jewish history. The Greek word for "descendants" is "σπέρμα" (sperma), meaning seed or offspring. This term emphasizes the biological connection to Abraham, which was a source of pride and identity for the Jewish people. Historically, being a descendant of Abraham was significant because it connected them to the covenant promises God made to Abraham, including the promise of land, numerous descendants, and blessings to all nations through his lineage (Genesis 12:1-3). However, Jesus is setting the stage to contrast physical descent with spiritual kinship, which He will elaborate on in the following verses.

yet you are trying to kill Me
Here, Jesus confronts the intentions of His audience, revealing their hostility towards Him. The Greek word "ζητεῖτε" (zēteite) translates to "you are seeking" or "trying," indicating a deliberate and ongoing effort. This phrase highlights the irony and tragedy of the situation: those who are physically descended from Abraham, a man of faith and obedience to God, are plotting to kill the very one who fulfills God's promises. This reflects a spiritual blindness and a departure from the faith and righteousness that characterized Abraham's relationship with God.

because My word has no place within you
This phrase is a profound indictment of the spiritual state of Jesus' audience. The Greek word "λόγος" (logos) is used for "word," which in this context refers to Jesus' teachings and the divine truth He embodies. The phrase "has no place" translates from "οὐ χωρεῖ" (ou chōrei), meaning it does not advance or make progress within them. This suggests a resistance or rejection of Jesus' message. Theologically, this highlights the necessity of a receptive heart to truly understand and accept the teachings of Christ. It underscores the theme that true kinship with Abraham is not merely a matter of physical descent but of spiritual alignment with God's word and will. This sets the stage for Jesus' later teachings on the importance of abiding in His word to truly be His disciples (John 8:31-32).

I speak
The Greek word for "speak" here is "laleō," which implies not just the act of speaking but conveying a message with authority and purpose. In the context of Jesus' ministry, His words are not mere human opinions but divine revelations. This highlights the authority of Christ as the Word made flesh, whose teachings are rooted in divine truth.

of what I have seen
The phrase "I have seen" comes from the Greek "heōraka," indicating a firsthand experience or witness. Jesus is not relaying secondhand information; He speaks from direct observation and intimate knowledge of divine realities. This underscores His unique relationship with the Father and His role as the ultimate revealer of God's will.

in the presence of the Father
The term "presence" is derived from the Greek "para," meaning "beside" or "in the company of." This phrase emphasizes the intimate and eternal relationship between Jesus and the Father. It reflects the Trinitarian nature of God, where the Son is eternally in communion with the Father, sharing in His divine essence and purpose.

and you do
The word "do" is translated from the Greek "poieite," which means to practice or carry out. This indicates a habitual action or lifestyle. Jesus contrasts His divine mission with the actions of His audience, suggesting that their deeds are not aligned with God's will but are influenced by another source.

what you have heard
The Greek word "ēkousate" for "heard" implies receiving information or instruction. This suggests that the actions of Jesus' audience are based on teachings or influences they have accepted. It points to the importance of discernment in what we choose to listen to and follow, as it shapes our actions and character.

from your father
The phrase "your father" is a critical point of contrast in this verse. Jesus is drawing a distinction between His divine Father and the spiritual father of His opponents, which He later identifies as the devil (John 8:44). This highlights the spiritual battle between truth and deception, and the necessity of aligning oneself with the true Father through Christ. It serves as a call to examine the source of one's beliefs and actions, urging a return to the truth found in Jesus.

Abraham is our father
This declaration by the Jewish leaders is a claim to a prestigious lineage. In the Jewish tradition, Abraham is not only a patriarch but a foundational figure in their identity as God's chosen people. The Greek word for "father" here is "πατήρ" (patēr), which signifies not just a biological ancestor but a spiritual and cultural progenitor. Historically, Abraham is revered for his faith and obedience to God, as seen in Genesis 12 and 15. The Jewish leaders' assertion reflects their belief in a covenantal relationship with God through Abraham, which they assume grants them spiritual legitimacy and favor.

they replied
The response of the Jewish leaders is defensive, indicating a reliance on their heritage for spiritual authority. The Greek verb "ἀπεκρίθησαν" (apekrithēsan) suggests a formal reply, often used in contexts of debate or legal defense. This reflects the tension in the dialogue, as they are not merely stating a fact but defending their spiritual status against Jesus' challenging teachings.

If you were children of Abraham
Jesus challenges their claim by introducing a conditional statement. The Greek word "εἰ" (ei) translates to "if," setting up a hypothetical scenario that questions the authenticity of their claim. The term "children" (τέκνα, tekna) implies more than just physical descent; it suggests a likeness in character and action. Jesus is pointing out that true kinship with Abraham is demonstrated through actions that reflect Abraham's faith and obedience, as seen in James 2:21-23.

said Jesus
This phrase marks Jesus' authoritative response. The Greek verb "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used for direct speech, emphasizing the importance and weight of Jesus' words. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often speaks with divine authority, challenging existing religious norms and inviting listeners to a deeper understanding of spiritual truths.

you would do the works of Abraham
Here, Jesus emphasizes the importance of actions over mere lineage. The Greek word for "works" is "ἔργα" (erga), which refers to deeds or actions. This echoes the biblical principle that faith without works is dead (James 2:26). Abraham's "works" are characterized by his faith and obedience to God, such as leaving his homeland (Genesis 12:1-4) and his willingness to sacrifice Isaac (Genesis 22:1-18). Jesus is teaching that true children of Abraham will emulate his faith through their actions, aligning with God's will and demonstrating genuine righteousness.

But now
This phrase indicates a shift in the narrative or situation. Jesus is contrasting the current actions of His audience with the past. The Greek word "νῦν" (nun) emphasizes the immediacy and urgency of the situation. It suggests a pivotal moment where the listeners are confronted with their intentions and actions.

you are trying to kill Me
The phrase reveals the hostility and murderous intent of Jesus' opponents. The Greek verb "ζητεῖτε" (zēteite) implies an active pursuit or desire to kill. This reflects the growing tension between Jesus and the Jewish leaders, who feel threatened by His teachings and authority. Historically, this animosity is rooted in the religious leaders' fear of losing their power and influence.

a man
Jesus refers to Himself as "a man," emphasizing His humanity. The Greek word "ἄνθρωπος" (anthrōpos) underscores His incarnation, that He is fully human while also being fully divine. This dual nature is central to Christian theology, affirming that Jesus experienced human life and emotions, yet without sin.

who has told you the truth
Jesus identifies Himself as a bearer of truth. The Greek word for "truth," "ἀλήθεια" (alētheia), signifies reality, certainty, and divine revelation. Jesus' teachings are not mere opinions but are grounded in the ultimate truth of God. This truth challenges the falsehoods and misconceptions held by His audience.

that I heard from God
This phrase highlights the divine origin of Jesus' message. The Greek verb "ἤκουσα" (ēkousa) means "heard," indicating that Jesus' teachings are not self-derived but received from God the Father. This establishes His authority and the authenticity of His message, as He speaks not on His own behalf but as a messenger of God.

Abraham never did such a thing
Jesus contrasts the actions of His audience with those of Abraham, the patriarch of the Jewish faith. The Greek phrase "οὐκ ἐποίησεν" (ouk epoiēsen) means "never did," emphasizing the stark difference in behavior. Abraham is revered for his faith and obedience to God, and Jesus implies that true children of Abraham would emulate his faithfulness rather than seek to harm the one sent by God. This statement challenges the audience to reconsider their understanding of what it means to be true descendants of Abraham, not just by lineage but by faith and action.

You are doing the works of your father
This phrase is a direct accusation from Jesus to the Jewish leaders, suggesting that their actions align with a different spiritual lineage than they claim. The Greek word for "works" is "erga," which implies deeds or actions that are a manifestation of one's character or nature. In the context of the Gospel of John, "father" often refers to spiritual lineage, and here, Jesus implies that their actions are not of God but of another father, hinting at a more sinister influence, which He later identifies as the devil (John 8:44). This statement challenges the leaders to reflect on the true source of their motivations and actions.

We are not illegitimate children
The Jewish leaders respond defensively, asserting their legitimacy. The term "illegitimate" in Greek is "porneia," which can refer to unlawful or immoral relations. Historically, the Jewish people prided themselves on their covenant relationship with God, tracing their lineage back to Abraham. This claim of legitimacy is not just about physical descent but also about spiritual and covenantal fidelity. The leaders are asserting their identity as God's chosen people, yet Jesus challenges them to consider whether their actions truly reflect that identity.

Our only Father is God Himself
This declaration is a bold assertion of monotheism and covenant identity. The Greek word for "Father" is "Pater," which in Jewish thought, especially in the context of the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4), emphasizes the unique and singular relationship between God and Israel. By claiming God as their only Father, the leaders are asserting their exclusive devotion and relationship with Yahweh. However, Jesus' dialogue throughout John 8 questions the authenticity of this claim, suggesting that true sonship to God is demonstrated through faith in Him and alignment with His will, as revealed in Jesus Christ. This statement invites readers to examine the depth and authenticity of their own relationship with God, beyond mere heritage or tradition.

Jesus said to them
This phrase indicates a direct communication from Jesus, emphasizing His role as a teacher and authority. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often engages in dialogues that reveal deeper spiritual truths. The Greek verb "eipen" (said) underscores the authoritative and revelatory nature of His speech, as He addresses the religious leaders who are questioning His identity and authority.

If God were your Father
The conditional "if" introduces a hypothetical situation that challenges the spiritual status of Jesus' audience. The Greek word "pater" (Father) is central to understanding one's relationship with God. In Jewish tradition, God as Father signifies a covenant relationship, implying obedience and love. Jesus is questioning the authenticity of their claim to be God's children, suggesting that true sonship is evidenced by love for Him.

you would love Me
The Greek word for love here is "agapao," which denotes a selfless, unconditional love. Jesus is asserting that genuine love for God naturally results in love for Him, as He is the manifestation of God's love and truth. This love is not merely emotional but is demonstrated through acceptance and obedience to His teachings.

for I have come here from God
This phrase emphasizes Jesus' divine origin and mission. The Greek "ek tou Theou" (from God) highlights His pre-existence and the divine authority with which He speaks. Jesus is not merely a prophet or teacher; He is the incarnate Word, sent by God to reveal His will and purpose.

I have not come on My own
Here, Jesus underscores His submission to the Father's will. The Greek "ouk elēlutha ap' emautou" (not come on My own) indicates that His mission is not self-initiated but divinely ordained. This reflects the unity and harmony within the Trinity, where the Son willingly fulfills the Father's plan of salvation.

but He sent Me
The sending of Jesus by the Father is a central theme in the Gospel of John. The Greek "apesteilen" (sent) conveys the idea of being commissioned with authority. This divine sending underscores Jesus' role as the Messiah and Savior, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies and revealing God's redemptive plan for humanity. The historical context of messianic expectations in first-century Judaism adds depth to this statement, as Jesus positions Himself as the fulfillment of those hopes.

Why do you not understand
This phrase reflects Jesus' deep frustration and sorrow over the spiritual blindness of His audience. The Greek word for "understand" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies a deep, experiential knowledge. Jesus is not merely speaking of intellectual comprehension but a profound, spiritual insight that His listeners lack. Historically, this reflects the persistent misunderstanding and rejection of Jesus by the religious leaders of His time, who were often more concerned with legalistic traditions than the transformative truth He offered.

what I am saying?
The phrase "what I am saying" refers to the teachings and revelations Jesus has been sharing. The Greek word "λέγω" (legō) is used here, emphasizing the spoken word and the authority of Jesus' teachings. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus' words are life-giving and truth-revealing, yet they are met with resistance. This highlights the spiritual battle between truth and deception, a theme prevalent throughout the Gospel of John.

It is because you are unable
The phrase "you are unable" indicates a spiritual incapacity. The Greek word "δύναμαι" (dynamai) suggests a lack of power or ability. This inability is not due to a lack of opportunity or evidence but a willful resistance to the truth. Historically, this reflects the hardened hearts of many in Jesus' audience, who were entrenched in their own beliefs and unwilling to open themselves to the transformative power of Jesus' message.

to accept My message
The word "accept" comes from the Greek "ἀκούω" (akouō), which means to hear or listen with understanding and obedience. The "message" refers to the Gospel, the good news of salvation through Jesus Christ. In the historical and scriptural context, this rejection of Jesus' message is a recurring theme, illustrating the spiritual blindness and stubbornness of those who refuse to believe. Theologically, it underscores the necessity of divine intervention for true understanding and acceptance of the Gospel, as human nature alone is insufficient to overcome spiritual blindness.

You belong to your father, the devil
This phrase is a stark declaration of spiritual lineage. The Greek word for "belong" (ἐκ) implies origin or source, suggesting a deep-rooted connection. Jesus is addressing the Pharisees, indicating that their actions and intentions align with those of Satan, rather than God. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of spiritual paternity, where one's actions reveal one's true spiritual parentage. The term "devil" (διάβολος) means accuser or slanderer, highlighting the adversarial nature of Satan against God and His truth.

and you want to carry out your father’s desires
The Greek word for "want" (θέλετε) indicates a strong will or desire, suggesting that the Pharisees are not merely passive but actively choosing to align with Satan's purposes. This phrase underscores the concept of free will and moral responsibility, emphasizing that their actions are a deliberate choice to fulfill the malevolent intentions of their spiritual father.

He was a murderer from the beginning
The term "murderer" (ἀνθρωποκτόνος) literally means "man-killer," and "from the beginning" (ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς) refers to the inception of human history. This likely alludes to the account of Cain and Abel, where the first murder occurred, influenced by sin and Satan's deception. It also reflects the broader theological theme of Satan's role in bringing death into the world through sin, as seen in the Genesis account of the Fall.

refusing to uphold the truth
The Greek word for "refusing" (οὐκ ἔστηκεν) implies a steadfast rejection or standing against. "Truth" (ἀλήθεια) is a central theme in John's Gospel, representing the divine reality revealed in Jesus Christ. Satan's refusal to uphold the truth highlights his fundamental opposition to God's nature and purposes, as truth is intrinsic to God's character.

because there is no truth in him
This phrase emphasizes the complete absence of truth in Satan's nature. The Greek construction (οὐκ ἔστιν ἀλήθεια) is absolute, indicating that falsehood is not just an action but the essence of Satan's being. This stark contrast between truth and falsehood is a recurring theme in Scripture, underscoring the moral and spiritual dichotomy between God and Satan.

When he lies, he speaks his native language
The phrase "native language" (ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων λαλεῖ) suggests that lying is inherent to Satan's nature. The Greek word for "lies" (ψεῦδος) denotes falsehood or deception. This imagery of language and speech conveys the idea that deception is as natural to Satan as speaking one's mother tongue, reinforcing his identity as the originator of lies.

because he is a liar and the father of lies
The term "liar" (ψεύστης) is a direct characterization of Satan, while "father of lies" (ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ) indicates his role as the progenitor of falsehood. This phrase encapsulates the essence of Satan's character and his influence in the world. In a broader scriptural context, it serves as a warning to believers to discern truth from falsehood and to align themselves with God's truth, embodied in Jesus Christ.

But because
This phrase introduces a contrast and a reason. The Greek word "δέ" (de) is often used to denote a shift or contrast in thought. Here, Jesus is contrasting the truth He speaks with the disbelief of His audience. This sets the stage for understanding the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart that can prevent individuals from accepting divine truth.

I speak
The Greek verb "λαλέω" (laleó) means to speak or to talk. In the context of Jesus' ministry, His speaking is not just ordinary conversation but a divine proclamation. Jesus' words are not merely human opinions but are imbued with authority and truth, as He is the Word made flesh (John 1:14).

the truth
The Greek word "ἀλήθεια" (aletheia) signifies not just factual accuracy but divine reality revealed by God. In the Gospel of John, truth is a central theme, often associated with Jesus Himself, who declares, "I am the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6). The truth Jesus speaks is the ultimate reality of God's kingdom and His redemptive plan for humanity.

you do not believe
The Greek verb "πιστεύω" (pisteuó) means to believe, to have faith, or to trust. The lack of belief here is not due to a lack of evidence but a willful rejection. This highlights the spiritual condition of Jesus' audience, who, despite witnessing His miracles and hearing His teachings, choose not to place their faith in Him. It underscores the biblical theme that faith is a matter of the heart and will, not just the intellect.

Me
The pronoun "Me" refers to Jesus Himself, emphasizing His personal role as the bearer of truth. In the broader context of John's Gospel, Jesus is the incarnate Word, the Son of God, who reveals the Father to humanity. The rejection of Jesus is, therefore, a rejection of God Himself. This personal rejection is a poignant reminder of the cost of unbelief and the necessity of recognizing Jesus' divine identity and mission.

Which of you
This phrase invites the audience to introspection and self-examination. In the Greek, "τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν" (tis ex hymōn) challenges the listeners directly, emphasizing personal accountability. Historically, Jesus is addressing the Pharisees and religious leaders, who prided themselves on their adherence to the law. This question is a rhetorical device, highlighting the impossibility of finding fault in Jesus, who is sinless.

can prove Me guilty
The Greek word "ἐλέγχει" (elenchei) means to convict or expose. This term is often used in legal contexts, suggesting a courtroom scenario where evidence is required. Jesus is essentially putting Himself on trial before His accusers, confident in His innocence. This reflects His divine nature and perfect adherence to God's law, setting Him apart from all humanity.

of sin
The Greek word for sin, "ἁμαρτία" (hamartia), refers to missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. In the Jewish context, sin was a transgression against the law given by God. Jesus' claim here is profound, asserting His sinlessness, which is a cornerstone of Christian theology. His sinlessness is essential for His role as the perfect sacrifice for humanity's sins.

If I speak the truth
The phrase "εἰ ἀλήθειαν λέγω" (ei alētheian legō) underscores Jesus' role as the bearer of divine truth. In the Gospel of John, truth is a central theme, often associated with Jesus Himself (John 14:6). The truth He speaks is not just factual correctness but divine revelation, offering a path to salvation and a deeper understanding of God's will.

why do you not believe Me?
This question challenges the audience's spiritual perception and openness to divine truth. The Greek "διὰ τί ὑμεῖς οὐ πιστεύετε μοι" (dia ti hymeis ou pisteuete moi) highlights a disconnect between hearing and believing. Historically, the religious leaders' refusal to believe stems from their hardened hearts and preconceived notions about the Messiah. This question invites readers to reflect on their own faith and openness to Jesus' message.

Whoever belongs to God
This phrase emphasizes the relationship between God and His followers. The Greek word for "belongs" is "ek," which implies origin or source. It suggests that those who are truly of God have their spiritual origin in Him. This belonging is not merely a superficial association but a deep, intrinsic connection. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship God established with His people, as seen throughout the Old Testament, where belonging to God meant being part of His chosen people, Israel. In the New Testament context, it extends to all who have faith in Christ, signifying a spiritual rebirth and adoption into God's family.

hears the words of God
The Greek word for "hears" is "akouō," which means more than just auditory reception; it implies understanding and obedience. In the biblical context, hearing God's words is synonymous with accepting and living by them. This is a recurring theme in Scripture, where true hearing leads to action, as seen in James 1:22, "Do not merely listen to the word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says." The "words of God" refer to His divine revelations, commandments, and teachings, which are found in the Scriptures. Historically, the Jewish people were entrusted with the oracles of God, and in the New Testament, Jesus is the ultimate revelation of God's word.

The reason you do not hear
This phrase introduces a cause-and-effect relationship. The Greek word for "reason" is "dia," indicating a causal connection. Jesus is addressing those who are unable to comprehend or accept His teachings. This inability to hear is not due to a lack of opportunity but a spiritual condition. In the historical context of this passage, Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees and religious leaders who, despite their knowledge of the Scriptures, fail to recognize Him as the Messiah. This highlights the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart that can prevent individuals from truly hearing God's word.

is that you do not belong to God
Here, Jesus provides the explanation for their spiritual deafness. The phrase "do not belong" uses the Greek "ouk ek," emphasizing a lack of origin or source in God. This is a profound statement about spiritual identity and allegiance. In the conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief in the necessity of being born again, as Jesus explained to Nicodemus in John 3:3, "Truly, truly, I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again." Belonging to God is not about heritage or religious affiliation but about a personal relationship with Him through faith in Jesus Christ. This verse challenges individuals to examine their spiritual standing and encourages believers to remain steadfast in their identity as children of God.

The Jews answered Him
This phrase indicates a response from the Jewish leaders or people who were in dialogue with Jesus. In the context of the Gospel of John, "the Jews" often refers to the religious authorities who were in opposition to Jesus. Historically, this reflects the tension between Jesus and the Jewish leaders who felt threatened by His teachings and growing influence. The Greek word for "answered" (ἀπεκρίθησαν) suggests a formal reply, indicating the seriousness of their accusation.

Are we not right to say
This rhetorical question implies a sense of confidence and self-righteousness among the Jewish leaders. They believed they were justified in their assessment of Jesus. The phrase reflects a common human tendency to rely on preconceived notions and societal norms rather than seeking truth. It challenges readers to consider how often they might judge others based on assumptions rather than understanding.

that You are a Samaritan
Calling Jesus a Samaritan was a significant insult. Samaritans were considered heretical and ethnically impure by the Jews due to their mixed heritage and differing religious practices. This accusation was meant to discredit Jesus by associating Him with a group that was despised and marginalized. The historical animosity between Jews and Samaritans highlights the depth of the insult and the extent of the leaders' rejection of Jesus.

and You have a demon
Accusing Jesus of having a demon was an attempt to undermine His authority and divine nature. In the ancient world, attributing someone's actions to demonic influence was a way to dismiss their teachings and miracles. This accusation reflects the spiritual blindness of the accusers, who could not recognize the work of God in Jesus. It serves as a reminder of the spiritual warfare present in the world and the importance of discernment in recognizing truth.

I do not have a demon
In this phrase, Jesus directly addresses the accusation from the Jewish leaders that He is demon-possessed. The Greek word for "demon" here is "daimonion," which in the New Testament context often refers to evil spirits or fallen angels. This accusation was a serious one, as being demon-possessed would imply that Jesus was under the influence of evil rather than God. Jesus' calm and straightforward denial underscores His divine authority and purity. Historically, accusations of demonic possession were not uncommon against those who challenged religious norms, but Jesus' response is a clear assertion of His divine mission and identity.

Jesus replied
The act of replying indicates a direct response to the accusations made against Him. The Greek word "apokrinomai" is used here, which means to answer or respond. This shows Jesus' willingness to engage with His accusers, not with anger or defensiveness, but with truth and clarity. His response is measured and authoritative, reflecting His role as the Son of God who speaks with wisdom and authority.

but I honor My Father
Here, Jesus contrasts His actions with those of His accusers. The word "honor" comes from the Greek "timao," meaning to revere or value highly. Jesus emphasizes His commitment to glorifying God the Father, which is central to His mission. This statement is a profound declaration of His obedience and submission to God's will. In the historical context, honoring one's father was a deeply ingrained cultural value, and Jesus uses this to highlight the righteousness of His actions compared to the dishonor shown by His accusers.

and you dishonor Me
The word "dishonor" is translated from the Greek "atimazo," which means to treat with contempt or to insult. Jesus points out the irony and injustice of the situation: while He honors God, the religious leaders, who claim to serve God, are dishonoring Him, the Son of God. This phrase highlights the spiritual blindness and hypocrisy of His accusers. In the broader scriptural context, this dishonor is not just a personal affront to Jesus but a rejection of God's revelation and truth. Jesus' statement serves as a call to recognize and correct their misunderstanding and misjudgment of His divine nature and mission.

I do not seek
In this phrase, Jesus emphasizes His humility and submission to the Father's will. The Greek word for "seek" is "zēteō," which implies an active pursuit or desire. Jesus contrasts His mission with the self-seeking nature of the Pharisees, highlighting His role as a servant. This reflects the broader biblical theme of humility, as seen in Philippians 2:5-8, where Christ's self-emptying is a model for believers.

My own glory
The term "glory" in Greek is "doxa," which can mean honor, praise, or splendor. Jesus, though deserving of all glory, chooses not to pursue it for Himself. This is a profound statement about His character and mission. In the historical context, many leaders sought personal glory, but Jesus' focus was on glorifying the Father, as seen in John 17:4. This teaches believers to prioritize God's glory over personal accolades.

There is One who seeks it
Here, Jesus refers to God the Father as the One who seeks His glory. The phrase underscores the divine relationship and unity between the Father and the Son. The Father’s pursuit of the Son’s glory is a testament to the divine plan of redemption and the ultimate exaltation of Christ, as seen in Philippians 2:9-11. This assurance of divine vindication encourages believers to trust in God's timing and justice.

and He is the Judge
The word "Judge" in Greek is "kritēs," indicating one who has the authority to make decisions and render justice. This highlights God's sovereign role in determining truth and righteousness. In the biblical narrative, God as Judge is a recurring theme, emphasizing His ultimate authority and justice, as seen in Psalm 75:7. For believers, this is a reminder of the accountability and hope found in God's righteous judgment, encouraging them to live in a manner pleasing to Him.

Truly, truly
The phrase "Truly, truly" is translated from the Greek "ἀμὴν ἀμὴν" (amen amen), which is a solemn affirmation of truth. In the Jewish tradition, "amen" is a declaration of affirmation, often used at the end of prayers or statements to signify agreement or truthfulness. Jesus uses this double "amen" to emphasize the certainty and importance of what He is about to say. It underscores the divine authority with which He speaks, as He is not merely offering an opinion but declaring an eternal truth.

I tell you
This phrase indicates a direct and personal communication from Jesus to His audience. The Greek "λέγω ὑμῖν" (lego hymin) suggests an authoritative declaration. Jesus, as the Son of God, speaks with the authority of the Father. This is not a message passed down through intermediaries but a direct revelation from the divine. It highlights the personal relationship Jesus seeks with His followers, as He speaks directly to them.

if anyone
The Greek "ἐάν τις" (ean tis) opens the promise to all individuals, without restriction. This inclusivity is significant in the context of Jesus' ministry, which often broke social and religious barriers. The invitation is universal, extending beyond the Jewish audience to all humanity. It reflects the heart of the Gospel, which is open to every person regardless of background, ethnicity, or status.

keeps
The word "keeps" is translated from the Greek "τηρήσῃ" (tērēsē), which means to guard, observe, or hold fast. It implies more than mere obedience; it suggests a deep, ongoing commitment to live by Jesus' teachings. This is a call to discipleship, where one actively preserves and practices the word of Christ in daily life. It is a dynamic, living relationship with His teachings, not a passive or occasional observance.

My word
"Word" here is "λόγον" (logon) in Greek, referring to the teachings and commandments of Jesus. In the broader Johannine context, "word" also connects to the Logos, the divine Word made flesh (John 1:1). Jesus' word is not just instruction but the revelation of God Himself. To keep His word is to align oneself with the divine truth and life that Jesus embodies and communicates.

he will never see death
The promise "he will never see death" is profound, with "οὐ μὴ θεωρήσῃ θάνατον" (ou mē theōrēsē thanaton) in Greek. This does not imply physical immortality but speaks to the spiritual reality of eternal life. In the context of the Gospel of John, death often symbolizes separation from God. Jesus promises that those who keep His word will not experience this ultimate separation. Instead, they will partake in eternal life, a life in communion with God that transcends physical death. This assurance is central to the Christian hope, rooted in the resurrection and the life that Jesus offers.

Now we know
This phrase indicates a sense of certainty and finality in the Jews' accusation against Jesus. The Greek word for "know" here is "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen), which implies a perceived understanding or knowledge. Historically, this reflects the growing tension between Jesus and the Jewish leaders, who were increasingly convinced of their own interpretation of Jesus' words and actions. This certainty, however, is ironically misplaced, as they fail to recognize the truth of Jesus' divine nature.

that You have a demon
The accusation that Jesus has a demon is a serious charge, reflecting the spiritual blindness of the accusers. In the cultural and religious context of the time, attributing demonic possession to someone was a way to discredit their authority and message. The Greek word "δαιμόνιον" (daimonion) refers to an evil spirit. This accusation is a stark contrast to the truth of Jesus' identity as the Son of God, highlighting the spiritual conflict between light and darkness.

declared the Jews
The term "Jews" in the Gospel of John often refers to the Jewish leaders or those opposed to Jesus, rather than the Jewish people as a whole. This reflects the specific group of religious authorities who were in conflict with Jesus. The use of "declared" (Greek: "εἶπαν" - eipan) suggests a public and authoritative pronouncement, emphasizing their role as leaders who were expected to guide the people in spiritual matters, yet they were leading them astray.

Abraham died, and so did the prophets
This statement acknowledges the mortality of revered figures in Jewish history. Abraham and the prophets were highly esteemed, yet they experienced physical death. The mention of these figures serves to challenge Jesus' claim about eternal life. The historical context here is crucial, as the Jews held Abraham and the prophets in high regard, and their deaths were seen as a natural part of human existence. This sets the stage for Jesus to reveal a deeper spiritual truth about life and death.

yet You say that anyone who keeps Your word
Jesus' claim that those who keep His word will never taste death is a profound statement about the power and authority of His teachings. The phrase "keeps Your word" (Greek: "τηρήσῃ τὸν λόγον" - tērēsē ton logon) implies obedience and adherence to Jesus' teachings. This is not merely about following rules but entering into a transformative relationship with Christ. The emphasis on "Your word" underscores the divine origin and authority of Jesus' message.

will never taste death
The promise of never tasting death is a reference to eternal life, a central theme in Jesus' teachings. The Greek word for "taste" (γεύσηται - geusētai) suggests experiencing or partaking in something. In this context, it implies that those who follow Jesus will not experience the spiritual death that separates one from God. This promise is rooted in the hope of resurrection and eternal life through faith in Christ, offering a profound assurance to believers that transcends physical death.

Are You greater
This phrase challenges Jesus' authority and identity. The Greek word for "greater" is "μείζων" (meizōn), which implies superiority in rank or quality. The question posed by the Jewish leaders reflects their struggle to comprehend Jesus' divine nature. Historically, this reflects the Jewish reverence for patriarchs and prophets, who were seen as the ultimate spiritual authorities. The question is rhetorical, expecting a negative answer, yet it opens the door for Jesus to reveal His divine nature.

than our father Abraham?
Abraham is a central figure in Jewish history, regarded as the patriarch of the Israelites. The term "father" signifies not only biological ancestry but also spiritual heritage. In the Jewish tradition, Abraham is revered for his faith and obedience to God. The question implies that no one could surpass Abraham's significance. This sets the stage for Jesus to reveal His pre-existence and eternal nature, which transcends even the revered patriarch.

He died, as did the prophets
This statement acknowledges the mortality of Abraham and the prophets, who, despite their significant roles, succumbed to death. The Greek word for "died" is "ἀπέθανεν" (apethanen), emphasizing the finality of physical death. The prophets, like Abraham, were esteemed for their roles as God's messengers. This highlights the human limitation and mortality that Jesus is about to contrast with His promise of eternal life.

yet You say
This phrase introduces a contrast between the accepted reality of death and Jesus' radical claim. The Greek word "λέγεις" (legeis) indicates a present, active declaration. The Jewish leaders are incredulous that Jesus would make such a bold statement, challenging their understanding of life and death. This sets the stage for Jesus to assert His authority and the transformative power of His word.

that whoever obeys Your word
The phrase "obeys Your word" is crucial, as it emphasizes the importance of adherence to Jesus' teachings. The Greek word for "obeys" is "τηρήσῃ" (tērēsē), which means to keep, guard, or observe. This implies a continuous, active engagement with Jesus' teachings. The "word" (λόγον, logon) refers to the divine message and truth that Jesus embodies. This highlights the transformative power of Jesus' teachings, which offer a path to eternal life.

will never taste death
This promise is profound, offering hope beyond physical death. The Greek phrase "οὐ μὴ γεύσηται θανάτου" (ou mē geusētai thanatou) uses a double negative for emphasis, indicating absolute certainty. "Taste" (γεύσηται, geusētai) suggests experiencing or partaking in something. Jesus is promising that those who follow Him will not experience the spiritual death that separates one from God. This assurance of eternal life is central to Christian faith, offering hope and purpose beyond the temporal existence.

Jesus replied
The phrase indicates a response from Jesus, suggesting a dialogue or confrontation. In the context of John 8, Jesus is engaged in a heated discussion with the Pharisees. The Greek word for "replied" is "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē), which implies a thoughtful and authoritative response. Jesus often used such replies to reveal deeper truths and challenge the prevailing religious assumptions of His time.

If I glorify Myself
The word "glorify" comes from the Greek "δοξάζω" (doxazō), meaning to honor or magnify. Jesus is emphasizing that self-glorification is meaningless. In the cultural and religious context of first-century Judea, honor was a significant social value. Jesus contrasts the human pursuit of self-glory with divine glorification, pointing to a higher standard of honor that comes from God alone.

My glory means nothing
Here, "glory" is "δόξα" (doxa) in Greek, referring to splendor or majesty. Jesus underscores the futility of self-derived glory. This statement challenges the Pharisaic understanding of honor, which often relied on human recognition and adherence to the law. Jesus redirects the focus from human accolades to divine approval, which holds eternal significance.

My Father
The term "Father" is "πατήρ" (patēr) in Greek, denoting a close, intimate relationship. Jesus frequently refers to God as His Father, emphasizing His unique sonship and divine authority. This relationship is central to understanding Jesus' mission and identity. It also highlights the Trinitarian nature of God, a core doctrine in conservative Christian theology.

whom you claim as your God
This phrase points to the Jewish leaders' assertion of their relationship with God. The Greek word for "claim" is "λέγετε" (legete), meaning to say or assert. Jesus challenges their claim by implying that their understanding and relationship with God are superficial. This confrontation exposes the religious leaders' lack of true knowledge and connection with God, despite their outward religiosity.

is the One who glorifies Me
The phrase "glorifies Me" again uses "δοξάζω" (doxazō), but this time it is God who bestows glory upon Jesus. This divine glorification is a testament to Jesus' identity as the Son of God. It affirms that true honor and recognition come from God, not from human institutions or traditions. This statement reinforces the divine endorsement of Jesus' ministry and mission, validating His claims and teachings.

You do not know Him
This phrase is a direct address to the Jewish leaders who prided themselves on their knowledge of God through the Law and the Prophets. The Greek word for "know" here is "ginōskō," which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual assent. Jesus is highlighting the spiritual blindness of the religious leaders, who, despite their extensive study of the Scriptures, failed to recognize God in the person of Jesus Christ. This serves as a reminder that true knowledge of God transcends academic study and is rooted in a personal relationship with Him.

but I know Him
In contrast to the religious leaders, Jesus claims an intimate and perfect knowledge of God. The Greek word "oida" is used here, which often denotes a fullness of knowledge. Jesus' statement underscores His unique relationship with the Father, affirming His divine nature and authority. This declaration is foundational to Christian belief, emphasizing that Jesus is not merely a prophet or teacher but the incarnate Son of God who fully reveals the Father.

If I said I did not
Here, Jesus presents a hypothetical scenario to emphasize the truthfulness of His claim. The conditional "if" introduces a situation contrary to fact, underscoring the impossibility of Jesus denying His knowledge of the Father. This highlights the integrity and consistency of Jesus' character, as He cannot and will not speak falsely about His divine identity and mission.

I would be a liar like you
Jesus uses strong language to confront the hypocrisy of the religious leaders. The term "liar" is a direct accusation, pointing to their false claims of knowing God while rejecting His Son. This phrase serves as a warning against the dangers of self-deception and the importance of aligning one's life with the truth of God's revelation in Christ. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of truth versus falsehood, a recurring motif in John's Gospel.

But I do know Him
Reiterating His earlier statement, Jesus affirms His intimate knowledge of the Father. The repetition emphasizes the certainty and authority of His claim. This knowledge is not abstract or theoretical but is demonstrated through His life and works. For believers, this serves as an assurance that in Christ, we have the fullest revelation of God, and through Him, we can also come to know the Father.

and I keep His word
The phrase "keep His word" signifies obedience and faithfulness to God's commands. The Greek word "tēreō" implies careful observance and guarding of God's word. Jesus models perfect obedience to the Father, fulfilling His will in every aspect of His life and ministry. This sets a standard for believers, calling us to not only hear God's word but to live it out in our daily lives. It also highlights the unity between knowing God and obeying Him, as true knowledge of God naturally leads to a life of obedience.

Your father Abraham
This phrase establishes a direct connection between Jesus' audience, the Jewish leaders, and their ancestral lineage. Abraham is a central figure in Jewish history, revered as the patriarch of the Israelites. The Greek word for "father" here is "πατήρ" (patēr), emphasizing a familial and spiritual lineage. Historically, Abraham is seen as the father of faith, and Jesus is reminding His audience of their shared heritage and the promises God made to Abraham.

rejoiced
The Greek word used here is "ἀγαλλιάω" (agalliaō), which conveys a sense of exultant joy and gladness. This word choice suggests that Abraham's joy was profound and deeply spiritual. It implies that Abraham had a forward-looking faith, anticipating the fulfillment of God's promises. This joy is not merely a human emotion but a spiritual insight into God's redemptive plan.

at the thought of seeing
The phrase indicates anticipation and expectation. The Greek word "ἵνα" (hina) often introduces a purpose or result, suggesting that Abraham's joy was purposeful, rooted in the divine promise. This reflects the idea that Abraham had a prophetic vision or understanding of God's future work through the Messiah. It underscores the continuity of God's plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament.

My day
This phrase is pivotal, as it refers to the coming of the Messiah, Jesus Christ Himself. The possessive "My" indicates Jesus' divine authority and identity. "Day" in this context symbolizes the era of salvation and fulfillment of God's promises. It is a profound claim of Jesus' pre-existence and His central role in God's redemptive history, affirming His divinity and messianic mission.

he saw it
The verb "saw" (εἶδεν, eiden) implies more than physical sight; it suggests spiritual insight or revelation. Abraham, through faith, perceived the coming of the Messiah. This seeing is an act of faith, as described in Hebrews 11:1, where faith is the assurance of things hoped for. It highlights the spiritual perception granted to those who trust in God's promises.

and was glad
The Greek word for "glad" is "χαίρω" (chairō), which denotes a state of happiness and contentment. This gladness is a result of Abraham's faith and understanding of God's plan. It reflects the joy that comes from recognizing God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises. This joy is a testament to the hope and assurance found in God's redemptive work through Christ.

You are not yet fifty years old
This phrase is a direct response from the Jews to Jesus, highlighting their incredulity at His claim of having seen Abraham. The mention of "fifty years old" is significant because it reflects the cultural context of the time. In Jewish tradition, fifty years was considered an age of maturity and wisdom. The Jews are essentially pointing out that Jesus, who was in His early thirties, was not yet of an age where He could be considered an elder or a sage. This reflects their misunderstanding of Jesus' divine nature and eternal existence. The Greek word for "fifty" (πεντήκοντα, pentēkonta) is used here to emphasize the perceived absurdity of Jesus' claim from a human perspective.

the Jews said to Him
This phrase identifies the speakers as "the Jews," which in the context of the Gospel of John often refers to the Jewish leaders or those in opposition to Jesus. This is not a blanket term for all Jewish people but rather those who were questioning and challenging Jesus' authority and identity. The historical context here is crucial, as the Jewish leaders were often in conflict with Jesus due to His radical teachings and claims of divinity. The Greek term used for "said" (εἶπον, eipon) indicates a verbal challenge or confrontation, reflecting the tension in this dialogue.

And you have seen Abraham?
This question is laden with skepticism and disbelief. The Jews are questioning Jesus' statement that He has seen Abraham, which implies a pre-existence before Abraham's time. The Greek word for "seen" (ἑώρακας, heōrakas) is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing relevance. This suggests that Jesus' relationship with Abraham is not just historical but also present and active. Theologically, this points to Jesus' eternal nature and His existence before His incarnation. The Jews' question reveals their limited understanding of Jesus' divine identity and the mystery of the Incarnation.

Truly, truly, I tell you
The phrase "Truly, truly" is translated from the Greek "ἀμὴν ἀμὴν" (amen amen), which is a solemn affirmation of truth. In the Jewish tradition, "amen" is used to express agreement or certainty. By repeating it, Jesus emphasizes the absolute truth and importance of His statement. This double affirmation is unique to Jesus in the Gospels, underscoring His authority and the weight of His words. It is a call for the listener to pay close attention, as what follows is of utmost significance.

Jesus declared
The Greek word for "declared" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which means to speak or say. This verb indicates a direct and authoritative statement. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often uses declarative statements to reveal His identity and mission. This particular declaration is not just a casual remark but a profound revelation of His divine nature.

before Abraham was born
The phrase "before Abraham was born" situates Jesus' existence in a time frame that predates the patriarch Abraham, who is a central figure in Jewish history and faith. The Greek word "γενέσθαι" (genesthai) is used here, meaning "to become" or "to be born." This implies a beginning or coming into existence. By stating that He existed before Abraham, Jesus is asserting His pre-existence, a concept that aligns with the prologue of John's Gospel, where Jesus is described as the Word who was with God in the beginning (John 1:1).

I am!
The phrase "I am" is translated from the Greek "ἐγώ εἰμί" (ego eimi). This is a direct reference to the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, where God says, "I AM WHO I AM." In the Hebrew, this is "Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh," which conveys God's eternal, self-existent nature. By using "I am," Jesus is not only claiming pre-existence but also identifying Himself with Yahweh, the God of Israel. This is a profound and bold declaration of His divinity, which would have been unmistakable to His Jewish audience. It is a pivotal moment in the Gospel of John, as it encapsulates the central theme of Jesus' divine identity and mission.

At this
This phrase refers to the preceding discourse where Jesus declares, "before Abraham was born, I am!" (John 8:58). This statement is a profound declaration of His divinity, echoing God's self-identification in Exodus 3:14, "I AM WHO I AM." The reaction of the Jewish leaders is immediate and hostile, as they perceive this as blasphemy, a claim to be God Himself.

they picked up stones
The act of picking up stones is significant in the Jewish context. According to Levitical law, blasphemy was punishable by stoning (Leviticus 24:16). The Jewish leaders' response indicates their understanding of Jesus' claim to divinity and their belief that He was committing blasphemy. This action reflects the seriousness with which they took the law and their zealousness to uphold it, albeit without recognizing the truth of Jesus' identity.

to throw at Him
The intention to throw stones at Jesus underscores the violent rejection of His message and person. It highlights the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart of those who opposed Him. This act of aggression is not just a physical threat but a symbolic rejection of the light and truth that Jesus embodies. It serves as a stark contrast to the love and grace that Jesus offers.

But Jesus hid Himself
The phrase "hid Himself" suggests a supernatural element to Jesus' departure. It is not merely a physical hiding but an indication of His divine authority and control over the situation. Despite the hostility, Jesus' mission was not yet complete, and His time had not yet come. This act demonstrates His sovereignty and the divine protection over His life until the appointed time of His crucifixion.

and slipped away
The Greek word used here can imply a stealthy or unnoticed departure. Jesus' ability to slip away from a hostile crowd reflects His mastery over the circumstances. It also symbolizes the elusiveness of truth to those who are unwilling to see it. Jesus' mission was to reveal the Father and offer salvation, and no human action could thwart God's redemptive plan.

from the temple grounds
The temple was the center of Jewish religious life, and Jesus' presence there was significant. His teachings and actions in the temple often challenged the religious authorities and exposed their hypocrisy. The temple, meant to be a place of worship and encounter with God, becomes a place of conflict and rejection of the very One it was intended to honor. Jesus' departure from the temple foreshadows the new covenant, where worship would no longer be confined to a physical location but would be in spirit and truth (John 4:23-24).