Woe
The term "woe" is a powerful expression of lamentation and impending judgment. In Hebrew, the word is "הוֹי" (hoy), often used by prophets to signal divine displeasure and the seriousness of the situation. It serves as a warning of the consequences that will follow if there is no repentance. This word sets the tone for the entire verse, indicating that what follows is a grave matter in the eyes of God.

to the shepherds
In the context of ancient Israel, "shepherds" refers metaphorically to leaders, particularly kings, priests, and prophets, who were responsible for guiding and caring for the people. The Hebrew word "רֹעִים" (ro'im) is used here, which literally means those who tend to flocks. Historically, shepherds were seen as protectors and providers, and thus, this term underscores the responsibility and trust placed upon these leaders by God.

who destroy and scatter
The actions of "destroy" and "scatter" are significant. The Hebrew words "מְאַבְּדִים" (me'abdim) and "מְפִיצִים" (mefitzim) convey a sense of active harm and dispersion. These leaders are not merely negligent; they are actively causing harm and division among the people. This imagery is poignant, as it contrasts sharply with the expected role of a shepherd, which is to gather, protect, and nurture the flock.

the sheep of My pasture
The "sheep" symbolize the people of Israel, and "My pasture" indicates God's ownership and care for His people. The Hebrew word for "sheep" is "צֹאן" (tso'n), and "pasture" is "מִרְעִיתִי" (mir'iti), which implies a place of provision and safety. This phrase emphasizes the personal relationship between God and His people, highlighting the betrayal of the shepherds who fail in their duty to care for what belongs to God.

declares the LORD
The phrase "declares the LORD" is a solemn affirmation of divine authority. The Hebrew "נְאֻם־יְהוָה" (ne'um-YHWH) is often used in prophetic literature to assert that the message is not merely the prophet's opinion but a direct communication from God Himself. This underscores the seriousness of the indictment against the leaders and assures the audience that the words carry the weight of divine truth and justice.

Therefore this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says about the shepherds who tend My people
Therefore
This word serves as a pivotal transition, indicating a conclusion or result based on prior statements. In the context of Jeremiah 23, it connects the preceding condemnation of the false prophets and leaders with the forthcoming divine judgment. The Hebrew word "לָכֵן" (lakhen) underscores the certainty and inevitability of God's response to the actions of the shepherds. It is a reminder that God's justice is not arbitrary but is a direct consequence of human actions.

this is what the LORD
The phrase emphasizes the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew term "יְהוָה" (YHWH) is the sacred name of God, often rendered as "LORD" in English translations. It signifies the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, highlighting His role as the ultimate judge and ruler. This declaration is not merely a human opinion but a divine pronouncement, carrying the weight of God's eternal truth.

the God of Israel
This title reaffirms God's special relationship with Israel, His chosen people. The Hebrew "אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל" (Elohei Yisrael) reflects the historical and covenantal bond established with the patriarchs. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the expectations He has for His people, especially their leaders. The phrase underscores the accountability of the shepherds to the God who has consistently guided and protected Israel.

says about the shepherds
The term "shepherds" is metaphorical, representing the leaders and rulers of Israel, including kings, priests, and prophets. In Hebrew, "רֹעִים" (ro'im) conveys the idea of those entrusted with the care and guidance of God's people. Historically, shepherds were responsible for the well-being of their flock, a role that required diligence and compassion. The use of this metaphor highlights the failure of Israel's leaders to fulfill their God-given responsibilities.

who tend My people
This phrase underscores the intended role of the leaders as caretakers of God's people. The Hebrew "רוֹעִים אֶת־עַמִּי" (ro'im et-ami) implies a duty of nurturing, guiding, and protecting the community. The possessive "My" emphasizes that the people belong to God, not the leaders, and that their primary allegiance should be to Him. The leaders' failure to tend to the people properly is a grave offense, as it directly impacts the spiritual and moral health of the nation.

Then I Myself
This phrase emphasizes the personal involvement of God in the restoration of His people. The Hebrew word for "I Myself" is "אָנֹכִי" (anokhi), which is a strong, emphatic form of "I." It underscores God's direct action and commitment, highlighting His sovereignty and personal care. In a historical context, this reflects God's intimate relationship with Israel, contrasting with the failures of human leaders.

will gather
The Hebrew root for "gather" is "קָבַץ" (qavats), which means to collect or assemble. This term is often used in the context of bringing people together from dispersion. It signifies God's intention to restore unity and community among His people, who have been scattered due to their disobedience. This gathering is not just physical but also spiritual, symbolizing a return to covenant faithfulness.

the remnant of My flock
The "remnant" refers to a small, faithful group that survives judgment. The Hebrew word "שְׁאֵרִית" (she'erit) conveys the idea of a surviving portion. In biblical history, God often preserved a remnant to fulfill His promises. The "flock" metaphor portrays God's people as sheep under His care, emphasizing His role as the Good Shepherd who protects and nurtures His own.

out of all the lands
This phrase indicates the widespread dispersion of the Israelites due to exile. The historical context involves the Assyrian and Babylonian exiles, where the Israelites were scattered across various nations. God's promise to gather them from "all the lands" underscores His omnipresence and ability to reach His people wherever they are, reaffirming His covenant promises.

to which I have banished them
The term "banished" comes from the Hebrew "נָדַח" (nadach), meaning to drive away or scatter. This reflects the consequences of Israel's disobedience and idolatry, leading to their exile. However, it also highlights God's justice and discipline, which are always coupled with His mercy and plans for restoration.

and I will return them to their pasture
The "pasture" symbolizes a place of safety, provision, and peace. The Hebrew word "נָוֶה" (naveh) can mean a dwelling or habitation. This imagery evokes the idea of God as a shepherd leading His sheep to a place of abundance and rest. Historically, it points to the return from exile and the restoration of the land of Israel.

where they will be fruitful and multiply
This phrase echoes the creation mandate in Genesis, where God commands humanity to "be fruitful and multiply." The Hebrew words "פָּרָה" (parah) and "רָבָה" (ravah) mean to bear fruit and increase. It signifies not only physical growth but also spiritual prosperity and blessing. In a scriptural context, it reflects God's desire for His people to thrive under His covenant, fulfilling their purpose as His chosen nation.

I will raise up
The phrase "I will raise up" signifies God's sovereign initiative and intervention. In Hebrew, the verb "raise up" (קָם, qām) often implies establishing or appointing with authority. This reflects God's active role in providing leadership and guidance for His people. Historically, this can be seen as a promise of restoration and hope, contrasting with the failures of previous leaders. It underscores God's commitment to His covenant and His people, ensuring that they are not left without guidance.

shepherds
The term "shepherds" (רֹעִים, ro'im) is a metaphor for leaders or rulers. In ancient Near Eastern culture, kings and leaders were often depicted as shepherds of their people, responsible for their welfare and protection. Biblically, this imagery is rich, as it evokes the care, guidance, and protection that a shepherd provides for their flock. This promise of new shepherds suggests a future where leaders will genuinely care for the people, unlike the corrupt leaders criticized earlier in the chapter.

over them
The phrase "over them" indicates authority and responsibility. The shepherds are not just among the people but have a divinely appointed role to lead and protect. This reflects a hierarchical structure where God appoints leaders to guide His people according to His will. It emphasizes accountability and the expectation that these leaders will act in the best interest of those they oversee.

who will tend them
The phrase "who will tend them" (יְרָעוּם, yir'um) highlights the pastoral care and nurturing aspect of leadership. The Hebrew root רָעָה (ra'ah) means to pasture, tend, or shepherd. This implies a hands-on, caring approach, ensuring the well-being and growth of the flock. It contrasts with the neglect and exploitation by previous leaders, promising a future where the needs of the people are met with compassion and diligence.

and they will no longer be afraid
This promise of security, "and they will no longer be afraid" (וְלֹא־יִרְאוּ עוֹד, v'lo-yir'u 'od), addresses the emotional and psychological state of the people. Fear was a common experience due to the threats from external enemies and internal corruption. The removal of fear signifies a restoration of peace and stability, a return to a state of trust and confidence in their leaders and in God's protection.

or dismayed
The word "dismayed" (וְלֹא־יֵחָתוּ, v'lo-yechatu) conveys a sense of being shattered or broken. In the context of leadership, it suggests that the people will no longer be confused or demoralized by poor governance. This assurance of competent and caring leadership brings hope and encouragement, restoring the people's morale and sense of purpose.

nor will any go missing
The phrase "nor will any go missing" (וְלֹא־יִפָּקֵד, v'lo-yippaked) speaks to the completeness and attentiveness of the shepherds' care. The Hebrew root פָּקַד (paqad) can mean to miss, lack, or be unaccounted for. This promise ensures that every individual is valued and accounted for, reflecting God's inclusive and comprehensive care for His people. It reassures that under these new shepherds, no one will be neglected or lost.

declares the LORD
The phrase "declares the LORD" (נְאֻם־יְהוָה, ne'um-YHWH) is a prophetic formula emphasizing the authority and certainty of the message. It assures the audience that these promises are not mere human aspirations but divine commitments. This declaration underscores the faithfulness and reliability of God, who stands behind His word to fulfill it. It invites trust and confidence in God's plan for His people.

The days are coming
This phrase is a prophetic introduction commonly used in the Old Testament to signal a future event ordained by God. In Hebrew, "הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים" (hinneh yamim ba'im) conveys a sense of certainty and divine timing. It reassures the faithful that God's promises are not bound by human timelines but are assuredly forthcoming. This phrase sets the stage for hope and anticipation, reminding believers that God's plans are unfolding according to His perfect will.

declares the LORD
The phrase underscores the authority and certainty of the prophecy. In Hebrew, "נְאֻם יְהוָה" (ne'um YHWH) is a solemn declaration, emphasizing that the message is not from the prophet's own imagination but from God Himself. This divine endorsement assures the audience of the truth and reliability of the forthcoming promise, reinforcing the trustworthiness of God's word.

when I will raise up for David
This phrase refers to God's covenant with David, promising a lineage that would culminate in a righteous ruler. The Hebrew root "קוּם" (qum), meaning "to raise up," suggests an active divine intervention. The mention of David connects this prophecy to the Davidic Covenant (2 Samuel 7), highlighting God's faithfulness to His promises and the continuity of His redemptive plan through David's line.

a righteous Branch
The term "Branch" (צֶמַח, tsemach) is a messianic title, symbolizing new growth and life emerging from the lineage of David. The imagery of a branch conveys vitality, renewal, and hope. The adjective "righteous" (צַדִּיק, tsaddiq) emphasizes the moral and just nature of this future leader, contrasting with the corrupt leaders of Jeremiah's time. This righteous Branch is a foretelling of the Messiah, who Christians believe is fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

and He will reign wisely
This phrase highlights the wisdom and discernment of the coming ruler. The Hebrew word for "wisely" (שָׂכַל, sakal) implies prudence, insight, and success. It suggests that this leader will govern with divine wisdom, making decisions that reflect God's justice and righteousness. This stands in stark contrast to the foolish and unjust reigns of previous kings, offering hope for a future of godly leadership.

and execute justice and righteousness in the land
The promise of executing "justice" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) and "righteousness" (צְדָקָה, tsedaqah) speaks to the core of God's character and His expectations for leadership. These terms are often paired in the Old Testament to describe the ideal rule that reflects God's own nature. The emphasis on justice and righteousness assures the people that the coming king will restore order, fairness, and moral integrity, fulfilling the divine mandate for leadership and bringing peace and prosperity to the land. This vision of a just and righteous reign is central to the hope of the Messianic age, where God's kingdom is fully realized on earth.

In His days
This phrase refers to a future time characterized by the reign of the Messiah, a descendant of David. The Hebrew word for "days" (יָמִים, yamim) often signifies a period of time marked by significant events. In the context of Jeremiah, it points to the Messianic age, a time of restoration and divine intervention. Historically, this reflects the hope of the Israelites for a future leader who would bring peace and justice.

Judah will be saved
The term "saved" (יָשַׁע, yasha) in Hebrew implies deliverance and salvation, both physically and spiritually. For Judah, this salvation is not just from political enemies but also from spiritual apostasy. The promise of salvation is a recurring theme in the prophetic books, emphasizing God's commitment to His covenant people despite their failures.

and Israel will dwell securely
"Dwell securely" (לָבֶטַח, lavetach) suggests a state of peace and safety, free from fear of external threats. Historically, Israel faced numerous invasions and exiles, making this promise particularly poignant. Theologically, it points to the ultimate peace found in the reign of the Messiah, where God's people will experience true security.

And this is His name by which He will be called
Names in the Hebrew context are deeply significant, often reflecting character or destiny. The phrase indicates a title that encapsulates the essence and mission of the Messiah. It is a prophetic declaration of the nature and work of the coming King.

The LORD Our Righteousness
This title, "The LORD Our Righteousness" (יְהוָה צִדְקֵנוּ, Yahweh Tsidkenu), is profound. "LORD" (יְהוָה, Yahweh) is the personal name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature. "Righteousness" (צֶדֶק, tsedeq) denotes justice, moral integrity, and right standing. This name signifies that the Messiah will embody and impart God's righteousness to His people. It is a promise of imputed righteousness, a core tenet of Christian theology, where believers are made righteous through faith in Christ. Historically, this reflects the longing for a just ruler who embodies divine attributes, fulfilling the covenant promises to David and his descendants.

So behold, the days are coming
This phrase is a prophetic introduction commonly used by Jeremiah to signal a future event ordained by God. The Hebrew word for "behold" (הִנֵּה, hinneh) is an imperative that calls the listener to pay attention. It emphasizes the certainty and divine authority behind the prophecy. The phrase "the days are coming" (יָמִים בָּאִים, yamim ba'im) indicates a future time that is both imminent and assured, reflecting God's sovereign control over history.

declares the LORD
The phrase "declares the LORD" (נְאֻם־יְהוָה, ne'um-YHWH) is a divine affirmation, underscoring that the message is not from Jeremiah himself but from God. This declaration carries the weight of divine authority and truth, reminding the reader of the covenant relationship between God and His people. It is a call to trust in God's promises and His faithfulness.

when they will no longer say
This part of the verse suggests a significant change in the cultural or religious expressions of the people. The Hebrew context implies a shift in the collective memory and identity of the Israelites. It points to a future transformation in how God's past acts of deliverance are remembered and spoken of, indicating a new era in God's redemptive history.

As surely as the LORD lives
This phrase is an oath formula, often used in the Old Testament to affirm the truthfulness of a statement. It reflects the living nature of God, who is active and present in the lives of His people. The Hebrew expression (חַי־יְהוָה, chai-YHWH) emphasizes God's eternal existence and His ongoing involvement in the world, providing assurance and hope to the faithful.

who brought the Israelites up out of the land of Egypt
This reference to the Exodus is a foundational event in Israel's history, symbolizing God's deliverance and covenant faithfulness. The Hebrew term for "brought up" (הֶעֱלָה, he'elah) conveys the idea of elevation and liberation. The Exodus narrative is central to Israel's identity, serving as a reminder of God's power and His commitment to His promises. This phrase sets the stage for a new act of divine deliverance that will surpass even the Exodus in its significance.

Instead they will say
This phrase marks a transition from a previous statement, indicating a shift in the narrative or prophetic declaration. In the context of Jeremiah, it signifies a change in the way God's deliverance will be remembered by His people. Historically, the Israelites often recounted the Exodus from Egypt as the pinnacle of God's saving acts. Here, Jeremiah prophesies a new, even greater act of deliverance. The Hebrew word for "say" (אָמַר, 'amar) is often used in prophetic literature to introduce divine speech or significant declarations, underscoring the importance of what follows.

As surely as the LORD lives
This expression is an oath formula, invoking the living God as a witness to the truth of the statement. The Hebrew name for God used here is YHWH (יהוה), the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. The phrase underscores the certainty and reliability of God's promises. In a historical context, such oaths were common in ancient Near Eastern cultures, but invoking the LORD's name set Israel apart, highlighting their unique relationship with the one true God.

who brought the descendants of Israel up out of the land of the north
This phrase refers to a future deliverance that will parallel the Exodus from Egypt. The "land of the north" is often understood to be Babylon, where the Israelites were exiled. The Hebrew word for "brought up" (הֶעֱלָה, he'elah) is the same used in the Exodus narrative, drawing a direct parallel between the two events. This prophecy would have been a source of hope for the exiled Israelites, assuring them that God had not forgotten His covenant and would act again to restore them.

and out of all the other countries to which He had banished them
This expands the scope of God's deliverance beyond Babylon, indicating a worldwide regathering of His people. The Hebrew word for "banished" (הִדִּיחָם, hidicham) conveys the idea of being driven away or scattered, often as a result of divine judgment. Yet, this scattering is not the end of the story; God's redemptive plan includes bringing His people back from all corners of the earth. This reflects the broader biblical theme of restoration and reconciliation.

Then they will dwell in their own land
The promise of dwelling in their own land is a reaffirmation of the Abrahamic covenant, where God promised the land of Canaan to Abraham's descendants. The Hebrew word for "dwell" (יָשַׁב, yashav) implies a sense of permanence and peace, contrasting with the temporary and tumultuous nature of exile. This promise would have been particularly poignant for the exiles, offering hope of a future where they could live securely under God's blessing. Historically, this points to the post-exilic period and foreshadows the ultimate fulfillment in the eschatological hope of a restored Israel.

As for the prophets
This phrase introduces a specific focus on the prophets, who were meant to be God's messengers. In the Hebrew context, the word for "prophets" is "נְבִיאִים" (nevi'im), which refers to those who are called to speak on behalf of God. Historically, prophets held a significant role in guiding the spiritual and moral direction of Israel. However, in this context, Jeremiah is addressing the false prophets who have led the people astray, highlighting the gravity of their deviation from their divine calling.

My heart is broken within me
The imagery of a "broken heart" conveys deep emotional distress and sorrow. In Hebrew, the word for "heart" is "לֵב" (lev), often representing the center of one's emotions and will. Jeremiah's heartache reflects God's own grief over the corruption and deceit among the prophets. This phrase underscores the prophet's empathy and alignment with God's perspective, emphasizing the seriousness of the situation.

all my bones tremble
The trembling of bones signifies a profound physical reaction to spiritual and emotional turmoil. In ancient Hebrew thought, bones were considered the framework of the body, symbolizing strength and stability. Jeremiah's trembling indicates a complete and overwhelming response to the sin and falsehood he witnesses, suggesting that the corruption of the prophets has shaken the very foundation of his being.

I am like a drunken man
This simile illustrates a state of disorientation and loss of control. The comparison to a drunken man suggests that Jeremiah is overwhelmed by the magnitude of the false prophets' betrayal. In the biblical context, drunkenness often symbolizes a lack of spiritual discernment and moral clarity, further emphasizing the chaos and confusion brought about by the false teachings.

like a strong man overcome by wine
The phrase "strong man" in Hebrew is "גֶּבֶר" (gever), which typically denotes a man of strength and valor. The image of such a man being overcome by wine highlights the irony and tragedy of the situation. It suggests that even those who are supposed to be spiritually strong and resilient have been rendered powerless and ineffective by the intoxicating influence of falsehood and sin.

because of the LORD
This phrase shifts the focus back to the divine source of Jeremiah's distress. The Hebrew name for the LORD, "יְהוָה" (YHWH), is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His faithfulness and holiness. Jeremiah's reaction is not merely personal but is rooted in his relationship with God and his understanding of God's righteous standards. The false prophets have not only betrayed the people but have also dishonored the LORD Himself.

and because of His holy words
The term "holy words" refers to the sacred and unchanging truths of God. In Hebrew, "holy" is "קָדוֹשׁ" (kadosh), meaning set apart or consecrated. God's words are pure and authoritative, and the false prophets' distortion of these words is a grave offense. Jeremiah's lament is a response to the violation of the divine message, underscoring the importance of preserving the integrity of God's revelation. This phrase serves as a reminder of the power and sanctity of God's word, which stands in stark contrast to the deceit of the false prophets.

For the land is full of adulterers
The Hebrew word for "adulterers" here is "נָאֲפִים" (na'aphim), which refers not only to physical adultery but also to spiritual unfaithfulness. In the context of Jeremiah, this term is often used metaphorically to describe Israel's unfaithfulness to God through idolatry and alliances with foreign nations. Historically, this period was marked by widespread idolatry and moral decay, as the people turned away from the covenant with Yahweh. The land being "full" indicates the pervasive nature of this sin, suggesting a society deeply entrenched in practices contrary to God's commandments.

because of the curse
The "curse" here refers to the consequences of breaking the covenant with God. In Deuteronomy 28, God outlines blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience. The Hebrew word "אָלָה" (alah) signifies an oath or a solemn pronouncement of judgment. The land suffers because the people have invoked these curses upon themselves through their actions. This highlights the principle of divine justice and the inevitable consequences of turning away from God's laws.

the land mourns
The phrase "the land mourns" uses the Hebrew word "אָבַל" (abal), which means to mourn or lament. This personification of the land reflects the deep connection between the people's spiritual state and the physical condition of the land. In ancient Israel, the land was seen as a living entity that responded to the people's faithfulness or unfaithfulness. The mourning of the land signifies the disruption of harmony and blessing due to sin.

and the pastures of the wilderness have dried up
The "pastures of the wilderness" refer to the grazing lands that were essential for the livelihood of the people. The Hebrew word "נָבַל" (nabal) for "dried up" conveys a sense of withering or fading away. This imagery of desolation underscores the tangible impact of spiritual adultery on the environment. It serves as a vivid reminder of the interconnectedness of spiritual and physical realities, where the land's fertility is directly linked to the people's covenantal faithfulness.

Their course is evil
The word "course" in Hebrew is "מַרְצוּם" (martsum), which can be understood as their way or conduct. The term "evil" is "רָעָה" (ra'ah), indicating moral wickedness or wrongdoing. This phrase highlights the deliberate and persistent nature of the people's sinful behavior. It suggests a chosen path of rebellion against God's righteous standards, emphasizing the need for repentance and a return to godly living.

and their power is misused
The Hebrew word for "power" is "גְּבוּרָה" (gevurah), which can also mean might or strength. The misuse of power here implies that those in positions of authority or influence are acting unjustly or oppressively. This reflects a broader theme in Jeremiah, where leaders are often criticized for leading the people astray. The misuse of power is a grave sin, as it not only harms individuals but also corrupts the social and spiritual fabric of the nation. This calls for leaders to exercise their authority with integrity and in alignment with God's will.

“For both prophet and priest”
In the Hebrew text, the word for "prophet" is "נָבִיא" (navi), and "priest" is "כֹּהֵן" (kohen). Prophets and priests were meant to be the spiritual leaders of Israel, guiding the people in the ways of God. Historically, prophets were seen as the mouthpieces of God, delivering His messages to the people, while priests were responsible for the temple rituals and maintaining the spiritual health of the nation. The inclusion of both roles here underscores the totality of the corruption; it is not just one group that has gone astray, but both major spiritual offices.

“are ungodly”
The Hebrew word used here is "חָנֵף" (chaneph), which can be translated as "profane" or "godless." This term indicates a deep moral and spiritual corruption. In the context of ancient Israel, to be ungodly was to be in direct opposition to the covenant relationship with Yahweh. The leaders, who were supposed to embody and teach God's holiness, were instead characterized by a lack of reverence and a departure from His ways.

“even in My house”
"My house" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the central place of worship and the symbolic dwelling place of God among His people. The temple was meant to be a place of holiness, where God's presence was manifest. The phrase highlights the severity of the situation: the corruption and wickedness have infiltrated the very heart of Israel's religious life. This is not just a societal issue but a direct affront to God in the place that was supposed to be most sacred.

“I have found their wickedness”
The Hebrew word for "wickedness" is "רָעָה" (ra'ah), which encompasses evil, wrongdoing, and moral corruption. The use of "I have found" suggests a divine investigation and judgment. God, who is omniscient, has observed the actions and hearts of the leaders. This phrase emphasizes God's active role in discerning and addressing the moral state of His people. It is a reminder that nothing is hidden from God, and He holds His people accountable, especially those in positions of spiritual authority.

“declares the LORD”
The phrase "declares the LORD" is a common prophetic formula in the Hebrew Bible, often used to assert the authority and certainty of the message. The Hebrew term "נְאֻם" (ne'um) is used here, which conveys a solemn pronouncement. This is not merely Jeremiah's opinion or observation; it is a direct statement from Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. It serves as a powerful reminder of the divine source of the message and the seriousness with which it should be received.

Therefore their path
The word "therefore" connects this verse to the preceding context, where God condemns the false prophets and priests for leading His people astray. The "path" symbolizes the way of life or conduct. In Hebrew, the word for path is "דֶּרֶךְ" (derekh), which often signifies a journey or a manner of living. This imagery suggests that the false leaders' chosen way of life is inherently unstable and dangerous, leading to inevitable ruin.

will become slippery
The Hebrew word for "slippery" is "חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת" (chalaklaqot), which conveys the idea of smoothness or slipperiness, often used metaphorically to describe deceitful or treacherous behavior. This imagery implies that the false prophets' actions have made their path treacherous, leading to their downfall. It serves as a warning that those who deviate from God's truth will find themselves on unstable ground.

they will be driven away
The phrase "driven away" suggests a forceful removal or expulsion. In the Hebrew context, this can be understood as being scattered or exiled, a common theme in the prophetic literature where disobedience leads to dispersion. This reflects the consequence of their actions, as God allows them to face the repercussions of their deceit.

into the darkness
Darkness in the Bible often symbolizes chaos, judgment, or the absence of God's presence. The Hebrew word "חֹשֶׁךְ" (choshekh) is used here, which can denote both physical and spiritual darkness. This indicates that the false prophets will be cast into a state of confusion and despair, separated from the light of God's truth and guidance.

and fall therein
The concept of falling is frequently used in Scripture to describe defeat or failure. The Hebrew root "נָפַל" (naphal) means to fall or be cast down. This fall is not just physical but also moral and spiritual, signifying the ultimate collapse of those who oppose God's will.

For I will bring disaster upon them
The word "disaster" is translated from the Hebrew "רָעָה" (ra'ah), which means calamity or evil. This is a direct action from God, emphasizing His sovereignty and justice. The disaster is a divine response to the false prophets' actions, underscoring the seriousness of leading others away from God's truth.

in the year of their punishment
The term "punishment" comes from the Hebrew "פְּקֻדָּה" (pequddah), which can mean visitation or reckoning. This indicates a specific time when God will hold the false prophets accountable for their actions. It serves as a reminder that God's justice, though sometimes delayed, is certain and will be executed at the appointed time.

declares the LORD
This phrase is a common prophetic formula, affirming the authority and certainty of the message. The Hebrew "נְאֻם יְהוָה" (ne'um YHWH) underscores that these are not merely Jeremiah's words but the very words of God. It reassures the faithful that God is actively involved in the affairs of His people and will uphold His righteousness.

Among the prophets of Samaria
This phrase refers to the prophets who were active in the northern kingdom of Israel, often called Samaria after its capital city. Historically, Samaria was known for its idolatry and deviation from the worship of Yahweh, which began under King Jeroboam I. The prophets in this region were notorious for leading the people astray, often blending the worship of Yahweh with pagan practices. The Hebrew root for "prophets" (נָבִיא, navi) implies one who is a spokesperson for God, yet these prophets were false, speaking not from divine inspiration but from their own deceitful hearts.

I saw an offensive thing
The Hebrew word translated as "offensive" (תִּפְלָה, tiflah) can also mean folly or disgrace. This indicates that what the prophets of Samaria were doing was not just wrong but deeply shameful and an affront to God. The use of "saw" (רָאָה, ra'ah) suggests that God is not distant or unaware; He is actively observing the actions of His people and their leaders. This phrase underscores the seriousness of the prophets' actions in God's eyes.

They prophesied by Baal
Baal was a Canaanite deity often associated with fertility and storms, and worship of Baal was a recurring issue for the Israelites. The phrase indicates that the prophets were not speaking by the Spirit of God but were instead influenced by pagan practices and beliefs. This syncretism was a direct violation of the first commandment, which forbids the worship of other gods. The Hebrew root for "prophesied" (נָבָא, nava) here is used ironically, as their messages were not from God but from a false deity.

and led My people Israel astray
The phrase "led...astray" (תָּעָה, ta'ah) implies causing someone to wander or go off course. The prophets' false teachings and idolatrous practices caused the people of Israel to deviate from the covenant path set by God. This highlights the responsibility of spiritual leaders to guide their followers in truth. The use of "My people" emphasizes God's personal relationship with Israel and His deep concern for their spiritual well-being. The historical context here is crucial, as the northern kingdom eventually fell to Assyria due to its persistent unfaithfulness, serving as a warning to Judah and future generations.

And among the prophets of Jerusalem
This phrase sets the geographical and spiritual context of the verse. Jerusalem, the heart of Israel, was meant to be a city of righteousness and a beacon of God's presence. The prophets, as God's messengers, were expected to uphold and communicate His truth. However, the mention of "Jerusalem" here is significant because it highlights the gravity of the situation—corruption and falsehood have infiltrated the very center of spiritual leadership. Historically, Jerusalem was the site of the Temple, the dwelling place of God's name, making the prophets' failure even more egregious.

I have seen something horrible
The Hebrew root for "horrible" (שַׁעֲרוּרָה, sha'arurah) conveys a sense of something shocking or appalling. This word choice underscores the severity of the prophets' actions in God's eyes. The use of "seen" indicates God's direct observation and judgment, emphasizing His omniscience and the undeniable nature of the transgressions. The phrase suggests a divine perspective on sin, where God is not distant but actively aware and concerned about the moral state of His people.

They commit adultery
Adultery here is both literal and metaphorical. Literally, it refers to the violation of the marriage covenant, a sin condemned throughout Scripture. Metaphorically, it represents spiritual unfaithfulness to God, akin to idolatry. The prophets, who should have been leading the people in faithfulness to God, were instead leading them astray. This imagery of adultery is a recurring theme in the prophetic books, symbolizing Israel's unfaithfulness to their covenant with God.

and walk in lies
The phrase "walk in lies" suggests a lifestyle or habitual practice of deceit. The Hebrew word for "lies" (שֶׁקֶר, sheqer) implies falsehood and deception. This indicates that the prophets were not merely making occasional mistakes but were consistently living and promoting falsehoods. In a broader biblical context, walking in truth is a hallmark of a righteous life, so walking in lies is a direct contradiction to God's will and character.

They strengthen the hands of evildoers
This phrase indicates that the prophets were not only sinning themselves but were also enabling and encouraging others in their sin. The imagery of "strengthening the hands" suggests active support and empowerment. In a society where prophets were supposed to call people to repentance, their actions were instead reinforcing wickedness. This highlights the destructive influence of corrupt leadership and the responsibility of spiritual leaders to guide others toward righteousness.

so that no one turns back from his wickedness
The failure of the prophets to call for repentance is a critical issue. Repentance, or turning back, is a central theme in the prophetic message, calling people to return to God and abandon their sinful ways. The prophets' actions, however, were preventing this essential transformation. This phrase underscores the importance of true prophetic ministry, which should lead people to recognize their sin and seek God's forgiveness and restoration.

They are all like Sodom to Me
The comparison to Sodom is a powerful indictment. Sodom, known for its extreme wickedness and subsequent destruction, serves as a symbol of moral depravity and divine judgment. By likening the prophets and the people of Jerusalem to Sodom, God is expressing the depth of their corruption and the seriousness of their impending judgment. This comparison would have been shocking to the original audience, highlighting the urgent need for repentance.

and her residents like Gomorrah
Gomorrah, alongside Sodom, was destroyed due to its great sinfulness. By equating the residents of Jerusalem with those of Gomorrah, the verse emphasizes the widespread nature of the corruption and the inevitability of judgment if there is no change. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of persistent sin and the need for a return to righteousness. The historical destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah would have been a well-known warning to the people of Jerusalem about the dangers of ignoring God's call to holiness.

Therefore, this is what the LORD of Hosts says
The phrase "LORD of Hosts" is a translation of the Hebrew "Yahweh Sabaoth," which emphasizes God's supreme command over the armies of heaven and earth. This title underscores His authority and power, reminding us that the message delivered is not from a mere human perspective but from the sovereign Creator who governs all. The use of "therefore" connects this declaration to the preceding verses, where the false prophets' deceit and corruption are exposed. It serves as a divine response to the moral and spiritual decay they have caused.

concerning the prophets
The term "prophets" here refers specifically to those in Jerusalem who were supposed to be God's messengers but had become purveyors of falsehood. In the Hebrew context, a prophet (navi) was one who spoke on behalf of God, conveying His will to the people. However, these prophets had strayed from their divine calling, leading the people astray with their lies and false visions. This highlights the grave responsibility of spiritual leaders and the severe consequences of their failure.

I will feed them wormwood
"Wormwood" is a bitter plant, often associated with sorrow and calamity in the Scriptures. The Hebrew word "la'anah" signifies bitterness and is used metaphorically to describe the severe judgment and suffering that God will bring upon these false prophets. This imagery of being fed wormwood conveys the idea that their actions will lead to their own bitter end, a divine retribution for their deceit and corruption.

and give them poisoned water to drink
The phrase "poisoned water" further intensifies the imagery of judgment. In the ancient Near East, water was a symbol of life and blessing, but here it is turned into a curse. The Hebrew word "rosh" can mean poison or venom, indicating the deadly consequences of the prophets' false teachings. This serves as a stark warning that those who corrupt God's truth will face severe punishment.

for from the prophets of Jerusalem
The mention of "Jerusalem" is significant, as it was the spiritual and political center of Israel. The prophets in Jerusalem held great influence, and their corruption had far-reaching effects. This highlights the tragedy of their failure, as those who were meant to guide the people in righteousness instead led them into sin. It underscores the importance of integrity and faithfulness in spiritual leadership.

ungodliness has spread throughout the land
The word "ungodliness" translates the Hebrew "chaneph," which denotes moral corruption and apostasy. The false prophets' teachings had permeated the entire land, leading the people away from God's covenant. This phrase illustrates the pervasive nature of sin and the destructive impact of false doctrine. It serves as a call to vigilance and discernment, urging believers to remain steadfast in the truth of God's Word.

This is what the LORD of Hosts says
The phrase "LORD of Hosts" is a powerful title for God, emphasizing His supreme authority over all heavenly and earthly armies. In Hebrew, "Yahweh Sabaoth" conveys God's omnipotence and His role as a divine warrior. This introduction underscores the seriousness and divine authority behind the message, reminding the audience that the words to follow are not merely human opinions but divine commands.

Do not listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you
The instruction "Do not listen" is a direct command, urging discernment and caution. In the historical context, many false prophets in Judah claimed to speak for God, leading the people astray. The Hebrew word for "listen" (שָׁמַע, shama) implies not just hearing but obeying. Thus, God warns against heeding these deceptive voices, highlighting the importance of aligning with true divine revelation.

They are filling you with false hopes
The phrase "false hopes" indicates the deceptive nature of the prophets' messages. The Hebrew word for "false" (שָׁוְא, shav) can mean emptiness or vanity, suggesting that these hopes are baseless and without substance. Historically, these false prophets promised peace and prosperity, contrary to God's warnings of impending judgment. This serves as a caution against placing trust in comforting lies rather than confronting hard truths.

They speak visions from their own minds
"Visions from their own minds" highlights the origin of the false prophecies. Unlike true prophets who receive divine visions, these individuals concoct messages from their imagination. The Hebrew term for "visions" (חָזוֹן, chazon) typically refers to divine revelations. Here, it is used ironically to show the counterfeit nature of their claims. This distinction emphasizes the need for discernment between human invention and divine inspiration.

not from the mouth of the LORD
The phrase "not from the mouth of the LORD" contrasts the false prophets' messages with genuine divine communication. In Hebrew culture, the "mouth of the LORD" signifies direct revelation from God, often delivered through His prophets. This underscores the authenticity and authority of true prophecy. The warning here is clear: only messages that align with God's revealed word should be trusted and followed.

They keep saying
This phrase indicates a continuous action, suggesting that the false prophets persistently deliver a message contrary to God's truth. The Hebrew root here implies a habitual declaration, emphasizing the relentless nature of their misleading assurances. Historically, this reflects a time when false prophets were prevalent, offering deceptive comfort to the people of Judah, who were facing impending judgment due to their disobedience.

to those who despise Me
The word "despise" in Hebrew conveys a strong sense of contempt or disdain. It is not merely a passive disregard but an active rejection of God and His commandments. This phrase highlights the audience of the false prophets—those who have turned their backs on God. In a conservative Christian perspective, this serves as a warning against the dangers of rejecting divine authority and the consequences that follow.

‘The LORD says that you will have peace.’
This false assurance of peace is a direct contradiction to the true message of God delivered by Jeremiah. The Hebrew word for "peace" is "shalom," which encompasses not just the absence of conflict but a holistic sense of well-being and harmony. The false prophets misuse this profound concept, offering a counterfeit peace that ignores the reality of sin and judgment. This reflects a broader biblical theme where true peace is only found in alignment with God's will.

And to everyone who walks in the stubbornness of his own heart
The phrase "walks in the stubbornness" suggests a deliberate and ongoing choice to follow one's own desires rather than God's commands. The Hebrew word for "stubbornness" can also be translated as "hardness" or "obstinacy," indicating a willful resistance to divine guidance. This highlights the human tendency to prioritize personal autonomy over submission to God, a recurring issue throughout biblical history.

they say, ‘No harm will come to you.’
This false promise of safety is a dangerous lie, as it contradicts the warnings of impending judgment due to sin. The Hebrew word for "harm" can also mean "evil" or "disaster," underscoring the severity of the consequences that the people are being falsely assured they will avoid. In a conservative Christian view, this serves as a reminder of the importance of heeding God's warnings and the peril of ignoring His truth.

For who has stood
The phrase "stood" in Hebrew is "עָמַד" (amad), which implies not just a physical standing but a position of readiness and attentiveness. In the context of ancient Israel, standing in the presence of a king or a council was a position of honor and responsibility. This phrase challenges the reader to consider who among the prophets or leaders has truly positioned themselves in a place of divine readiness and attentiveness to God's will.

in the council of the LORD
The "council" (סוֹד, sod) refers to a secret or intimate assembly, often used to describe the divine assembly or the heavenly court. This term suggests a place where God's plans and purposes are revealed. Historically, prophets were expected to receive their messages from such divine encounters. The verse questions the authenticity of those claiming to speak for God, emphasizing the need for true divine revelation.

to see and hear His word?
The dual action of "see and hear" underscores the comprehensive nature of receiving God's revelation. In Hebrew thought, seeing often implies understanding or perceiving beyond the physical, while hearing suggests obedience and attentiveness. This phrase challenges the prophets to not only receive God's word but to fully comprehend and internalize it, ensuring that their messages are genuinely from God.

Who has given heed
"Given heed" translates from the Hebrew "קָשַׁב" (qashab), meaning to pay close attention or to listen carefully. This implies an active engagement with God's word, not a passive reception. The historical context of Jeremiah's time was filled with false prophets who did not truly listen to God. This phrase calls for a deep, intentional focus on God's instructions.

to His word
The "word" (דָּבָר, dabar) of God is central to the prophetic message. In the Hebrew tradition, God's word is powerful, creative, and authoritative. It is not merely spoken language but an expression of God's will and purpose. This highlights the importance of aligning oneself with the divine message, which carries the weight of God's authority.

and obeyed it?
To "obey" (שָׁמַע, shama) in Hebrew means to hear with the intent to act. This phrase emphasizes the necessity of not just hearing God's word but responding to it with faithful action. In the conservative Christian perspective, obedience to God's word is a demonstration of true faith and commitment. This calls believers to a life of action that reflects their understanding and acceptance of God's will.

Behold
The Hebrew word for "behold" is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which serves as a call to attention, urging the listener or reader to focus on what follows. In the context of prophetic literature, it often introduces a divine revelation or significant event. Here, it emphasizes the urgency and seriousness of God's impending action. The use of "behold" invites the audience to witness the power and justice of God, reminding believers of His omnipresence and sovereignty.

the storm of the LORD
The phrase "storm of the LORD" uses the Hebrew word "סַעַר" (sa'ar), which can mean a tempest or whirlwind. This imagery is frequently used in the Old Testament to symbolize God's powerful and often destructive intervention in human affairs. The storm represents divine judgment, a force that cannot be resisted or controlled by human means. It serves as a reminder of God's righteous anger against sin and His commitment to justice, reinforcing the belief that God will not tolerate wickedness indefinitely.

has gone out in fury
The word "fury" is translated from the Hebrew "חֵמָה" (chemah), indicating intense anger or wrath. This phrase underscores the seriousness of God's response to sin and injustice. The imagery of a storm "gone out" suggests that God's judgment is not a distant threat but an active and present reality. It conveys the idea that divine retribution is already in motion, emphasizing the urgency for repentance and the need for individuals to align themselves with God's will.

a whirlwind swirling down
The Hebrew term for "whirlwind" is "סוּפָה" (suphah), which conveys a sense of chaos and unstoppable force. The action of "swirling down" suggests a targeted and deliberate movement, indicating that God's judgment is precise and purposeful. This imagery serves to remind believers of the power and inevitability of God's justice. It also reflects the biblical theme that God's ways are higher than human ways, and His judgments are beyond human comprehension.

upon the heads of the wicked
The phrase "upon the heads of the wicked" personalizes the judgment, indicating that it is directed specifically at those who have turned away from God's commandments. The "wicked" are those who persist in sin and rebellion, ignoring God's laws and the call to righteousness. This serves as a warning to all who hear or read the prophecy, urging them to examine their own lives and turn from wickedness. It reinforces the biblical principle that while God is merciful and patient, He is also just and will hold individuals accountable for their actions.

The anger of the LORD
This phrase underscores the righteous indignation of God against sin and injustice. In Hebrew, "anger" is often translated from "אַף" (aph), which can also mean "nostril" or "face," suggesting a vivid image of God's wrath as something that is deeply personal and intense. Theologically, this reflects God's holiness and His intolerance of sin, emphasizing that His anger is not capricious but a response to the violation of His covenant and moral order.

will not turn back
The phrase indicates the certainty and inevitability of God's judgment. The Hebrew root "שׁוּב" (shuv) means "to return" or "to turn back." Here, it conveys the idea that once God has set His judgment in motion, it will not be retracted until its purpose is fulfilled. This serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of divine justice and the importance of repentance before judgment is executed.

until He has fully accomplished
This highlights the completeness and thoroughness of God's actions. The Hebrew word "כּוּל" (kul) means "to complete" or "to finish." It suggests that God's plans are meticulous and will be carried out to their full extent. This assures believers of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises, both in judgment and in restoration.

the purposes of His heart
The "purposes" or "plans" (Hebrew: "מַחֲשָׁבָה" - machashavah) of God's "heart" (Hebrew: "לֵב" - lev) reflect His divine will and intentions. This phrase emphasizes that God's actions are not arbitrary but are rooted in His eternal wisdom and love. It reassures believers that even in judgment, God's ultimate aim is to bring about His redemptive purposes.

In the days to come
This phrase points to a future time, often associated with eschatological fulfillment. It suggests a prophetic vision that extends beyond the immediate context to a time when God's plans will be fully realized. This encourages believers to maintain hope and faith, knowing that God's timeline is perfect and His promises are sure.

you will understand it clearly
The promise of understanding indicates that God's actions, though sometimes mysterious, will ultimately be revealed and comprehended. The Hebrew root "בִּין" (bin) means "to discern" or "to understand." This assurance of future clarity encourages believers to trust in God's wisdom and timing, even when current circumstances are perplexing. It invites a posture of faith and patience, knowing that God's ways, though higher than ours, are always for our good and His glory.

I did not send these prophets
This phrase underscores the divine authority and legitimacy that true prophets possess. In Hebrew, the word for "send" is שָׁלַח (shalach), which implies a commissioning or dispatching with a purpose. The historical context here is crucial; during Jeremiah's time, many false prophets arose, claiming to speak for God without His endorsement. This highlights the importance of discerning true divine messages from those fabricated by individuals seeking personal gain or influence. The phrase serves as a reminder that true prophetic authority comes solely from God's initiative.

yet they have run with their message
The imagery of "running" suggests eagerness and urgency. In Hebrew, the word רוּץ (ruts) conveys a sense of haste and zeal. These false prophets were quick to spread their messages, driven by their own ambitions rather than divine inspiration. Historically, this reflects the chaotic spiritual environment of ancient Judah, where many voices claimed to speak for God, leading to confusion and misdirection among the people. This phrase warns against the dangers of accepting messages that are not rooted in divine truth.

I did not speak to them
Here, the emphasis is on the absence of divine communication. The Hebrew word דָּבַר (dabar) means "to speak" and is often used in the context of God's revelation to His prophets. This phrase highlights the critical distinction between those who have genuinely received God's word and those who have not. It serves as a cautionary note to the faithful to seek out and adhere to messages that are truly inspired by God, rather than those fabricated by human imagination.

yet they have prophesied
The act of prophesying, נָבָא (naba), involves declaring a message believed to be from God. However, in this context, it is done presumptuously and without divine sanction. This phrase underscores the audacity of false prophets who claim divine authority without having received it. Historically, this reflects the spiritual deception prevalent in Jeremiah's time, where many were led astray by self-proclaimed prophets. It serves as a call to vigilance and discernment, urging believers to test the spirits and ensure that the messages they follow are truly from God.

But if they had stood in My council
The phrase "stood in My council" suggests a position of attentiveness and obedience to God's will. The Hebrew word for "council" is "sôd," which implies a confidential discussion or intimate assembly. This indicates that true prophets are those who are privy to God's intimate plans and purposes. Historically, prophets were expected to be in close communion with God, receiving His guidance and wisdom. This phrase challenges leaders to seek God's presence earnestly and to align themselves with His divine purposes.

they would have proclaimed My words to My people
The act of proclaiming "My words" underscores the responsibility of true prophets to deliver God's message faithfully. The Hebrew term for "proclaimed" is "nagad," meaning to announce or declare. This implies a bold and clear communication of God's truth. In the historical context, false prophets often spoke from their own imaginations rather than conveying God's actual words. This phrase emphasizes the importance of fidelity to God's message, urging leaders to prioritize divine truth over personal or popular opinion.

and turned them back from their evil ways
The phrase "turned them back" involves the Hebrew word "shub," which means to return or repent. This highlights the transformative power of God's word when faithfully proclaimed. The role of a prophet or leader is not just to inform but to inspire change and repentance. Historically, Israel's prophets were tasked with calling the people back to covenant faithfulness. This phrase serves as a reminder that true spiritual leadership involves guiding others away from sin and towards righteousness.

and from the evil of their deeds
The repetition of "evil" in "evil ways" and "evil of their deeds" emphasizes the seriousness of sin and the need for repentance. The Hebrew word for "evil" is "ra," which denotes something harmful or wicked. This highlights the destructive nature of sin and the urgent need for divine intervention. In the scriptural context, the deeds of the people often reflected their hearts' condition. This phrase calls for a holistic transformation, addressing both internal attitudes and external actions, urging believers to live lives that reflect God's holiness and righteousness.

Am I only a God nearby
This phrase begins with a rhetorical question that challenges the perception of God's presence. The Hebrew word for "God" here is "Elohim," which emphasizes His power and majesty. The term "nearby" suggests proximity and intimacy, indicating that God is not distant or detached from His creation. Historically, this reflects the Israelites' struggle with understanding God's omnipresence, especially during times of distress or exile. The question implies that God is not limited by physical boundaries and is always accessible to His people.

declares the LORD
The use of "declares" (Hebrew: "ne'um") signifies a solemn and authoritative pronouncement. "The LORD" is translated from "YHWH," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. This phrase underscores the certainty and divine authority behind the message. In the context of Jeremiah, it serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises and His active involvement in the affairs of His people.

and not a God far away?
The contrast between "nearby" and "far away" highlights the comprehensive nature of God's presence. The Hebrew word for "far away" (Hebrew: "rachowq") can imply both physical distance and emotional detachment. This rhetorical question reinforces the idea that God is not confined to any location and is always present, even when He seems distant. It challenges the Israelites to trust in God's omnipresence, especially during times of trial and uncertainty.

Can a man hide in secret places
The phrase "Can a man hide" suggests the futility of attempting to conceal oneself from God. The Hebrew root for "hide" is "סתר" (sathar), which implies covering or concealing. Historically, this reflects the human tendency to hide from God, reminiscent of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3:8. The "secret places" indicate locations thought to be beyond detection, yet the omnipresence of God makes such hiding impossible. This serves as a reminder of God's all-seeing nature and the transparency of human actions before Him.

where I cannot see him?”
The rhetorical question "where I cannot see him?" emphasizes God's omniscience. The Hebrew word for "see" is "ראה" (ra'ah), which means to perceive or understand. This highlights the divine attribute of God being all-seeing and all-knowing. Scripturally, this is consistent with passages like Psalm 139:7-12, which affirm that there is no place beyond God's sight. It reassures believers of God's constant watchfulness and presence in their lives.

declares the LORD
The phrase "declares the LORD" is a solemn affirmation of divine authority. The Hebrew term "נאם" (ne'um) is often used to convey a prophetic declaration, underscoring the certainty and seriousness of God's words. This phrase is a reminder of the authority and reliability of God's pronouncements, encouraging believers to trust in His word and promises.

Do I not fill the heavens and the earth?”
"Do I not fill" speaks to God's omnipresence. The Hebrew root "מלא" (male') means to fill or be full, indicating that God's presence permeates all of creation. The "heavens and the earth" encompass the entirety of the universe, affirming that there is no place devoid of God's presence. This is a comforting truth for believers, assuring them that God is always near, regardless of their circumstances.

declares the LORD
Reiterating "declares the LORD" at the end of the verse reinforces the authority and finality of God's statement. It serves as a bookend to the verse, emphasizing that these truths are not mere human speculation but divine revelation. This repetition underscores the importance of the message and the need for believers to heed God's words with reverence and trust.

I have heard
This phrase indicates God's omniscience and His active engagement with the world. The Hebrew root for "heard" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just hearing but understanding and responding. In the context of Jeremiah, it underscores God's awareness of the false prophets' activities. Historically, this reflects the period when Judah was plagued by false prophets who claimed to speak for God, misleading the people. God's hearing is not passive; it is a prelude to action.

what the prophets
The term "prophets" here refers to those who claimed to be messengers of God. In the Hebrew context, a prophet (נָבִיא, navi) was expected to convey God's truth. However, these individuals were false prophets, a significant issue in Jeremiah's time. They were leading the people astray with their own visions and dreams, rather than God's word. This highlights the importance of discernment and the need for true prophetic voices that align with God's will.

who prophesy lies
The phrase "prophesy lies" is a direct accusation against those who speak falsehoods in God's name. The Hebrew word for "lies" is "שֶׁקֶר" (sheker), meaning deception or falsehood. This was a grave sin, as it not only misled the people but also profaned the name of God. In the historical context, these false prophecies often promised peace and security, contrary to God's warnings of impending judgment. This serves as a caution against accepting teachings that contradict Scripture.

in My name
Using God's name implies authority and authenticity. The Hebrew concept of "name" (שֵׁם, shem) encompasses character and reputation. These false prophets were abusing the divine name to lend credibility to their lies. This is a violation of the commandment against taking the Lord's name in vain (Exodus 20:7). It reminds believers of the sacredness of God's name and the responsibility that comes with speaking on His behalf.

saying, ‘I had a dream! I had a dream!’
The repetition of "I had a dream" emphasizes the false prophets' insistence on their deceptive messages. Dreams were a common means of divine communication in the ancient Near East, but these dreams were self-generated rather than God-given. The historical context shows that these false dreams were used to manipulate and control the people, offering false hope. This serves as a warning to test all spiritual experiences against the truth of Scripture, ensuring they align with God's revealed word.

How long
This phrase reflects a deep sense of exasperation and urgency. In Hebrew, the phrase "ad-matay" is often used in contexts where there is a longing for change or divine intervention. It suggests God's patience is being tested by the persistent disobedience and deceit of the prophets. Historically, this echoes the repeated calls for repentance throughout the Old Testament, where God’s patience is juxtaposed with His justice.

will this continue
The Hebrew root here implies an ongoing action, suggesting that the false prophecies are not isolated incidents but a persistent problem. This continuity of falsehood indicates a systemic issue within the religious leadership of Israel, highlighting the need for reform and genuine repentance.

in the hearts
The heart, or "lev" in Hebrew, is considered the center of thought, emotion, and will in biblical anthropology. This phrase indicates that the problem is not merely external or superficial but deeply rooted in the inner being of these prophets. It underscores the biblical theme that true transformation must begin in the heart, aligning with the call for internal purity found throughout Scripture.

of these prophets
The term "prophets" here refers to those who claim to speak on behalf of God. In the historical context of Jeremiah, many prophets were leading the people astray with messages that contradicted God’s true word. This highlights the critical role of discernment in identifying true prophetic voices, a theme that resonates with the New Testament warnings against false teachers.

who prophesy falsehood
The Hebrew word for "falsehood" is "sheqer," which denotes deception and lies. This phrase condemns the deliberate distortion of God’s message. It serves as a warning against the dangers of false teachings and the responsibility of leaders to uphold truth, a principle that is echoed in the New Testament’s emphasis on sound doctrine.

these prophets of the delusion
The word "delusion" suggests a self-deception or a departure from reality. In Hebrew, "tarmit" implies a misleading or deceptive vision. This phrase indicates that the prophets are not only deceiving others but are themselves deceived, highlighting the blinding nature of sin and pride.

of their own minds
This phrase points to the origin of the false prophecies: the prophets’ own imaginations rather than divine revelation. It underscores the biblical principle that true prophecy comes from God, not human invention. This serves as a reminder of the importance of aligning one’s thoughts and teachings with Scripture, as human wisdom is fallible and often leads to error.

They think
This phrase indicates a presumption or assumption on the part of the false prophets. In Hebrew, the word used here can imply a sense of self-deception or misguided belief. The false prophets are under the illusion that their dreams hold power and influence, showcasing the danger of human pride and the tendency to elevate personal experiences above divine truth.

the dreams they tell one another
Dreams in the ancient Near Eastern context were often considered a means of divine communication. However, these dreams are not from God but are self-generated or influenced by false spirits. The phrase suggests a cycle of deceit, where false prophets reinforce each other's lies, creating a community of falsehood. This highlights the importance of discernment and the need to test all spiritual experiences against the truth of God's Word.

will make My people forget My name
Forgetting God's name implies a loss of relationship and covenant identity. In Hebrew culture, a name is not just a label but a representation of character and authority. The false prophets' influence threatens to sever the people's connection to God, leading them away from His commandments and promises. This serves as a warning about the consequences of spiritual neglect and the importance of remembering and honoring God's name in all aspects of life.

just as their fathers forgot My name
This phrase draws a parallel to the historical unfaithfulness of Israel's ancestors. It serves as a reminder of the cyclical nature of sin and the tendency of each generation to repeat the mistakes of the past. The reference to the fathers underscores the importance of learning from history and the need for each generation to renew its commitment to God.

through Baal worship
Baal worship was a significant issue in ancient Israel, representing the allure of idolatry and the temptation to conform to surrounding pagan cultures. Baal was a Canaanite deity associated with fertility and storms, and worshiping him involved practices that were abhorrent to God. This phrase highlights the spiritual adultery of Israel and serves as a stark reminder of the dangers of syncretism and the need for exclusive devotion to the Lord. It calls believers to examine their own lives for any idols that may lead them away from true worship.

Let the prophet who has a dream recount the dream
This phrase addresses the role of prophets in ancient Israel, who were often recipients of divine messages through dreams. The Hebrew word for "dream" is "ḥalôm," which can refer to both genuine divine revelations and false visions. In the historical context, false prophets were prevalent, claiming to have dreams from God. The instruction here is for prophets to share their dreams, but it implies a need for discernment between true and false revelations. The emphasis is on transparency and accountability in conveying what they have received.

but let him who has My word speak My word truthfully
The phrase underscores the importance of fidelity to God's message. The Hebrew word for "word" is "dāḇār," which signifies not just spoken words but the entire message or command of God. The call to speak "truthfully" (Hebrew: "’ĕmeṯ") highlights the necessity of integrity and faithfulness in delivering God's message. In a time when false prophets were misleading the people, this command serves as a reminder of the sacred responsibility of those who truly carry God's word.

For what is straw compared to grain?
This rhetorical question uses agricultural imagery to contrast the value of false prophecies (straw) with true divine messages (grain). In ancient agrarian societies, straw was a byproduct of the harvest, lacking the nourishment and value of grain. The Hebrew word for "straw" is "teben," and "grain" is "bar," emphasizing the disparity in worth and substance. This metaphor illustrates the futility and emptiness of false teachings compared to the life-sustaining truth of God's word.

declares the LORD
This phrase, "ne'um YHWH" in Hebrew, is a prophetic formula asserting the authority and authenticity of the message. It serves as a divine seal, affirming that the words spoken are not merely human opinions but the authoritative declaration of God Himself. In the context of Jeremiah's ministry, this assertion was crucial in distinguishing true prophetic messages from the falsehoods prevalent among the people. It reassures the audience of the divine origin and reliability of the message being conveyed.

Is not My word like fire
The phrase "Is not My word like fire," uses the Hebrew word "אֵשׁ" (esh) for "fire." In the ancient Near Eastern context, fire symbolizes purification, judgment, and the presence of God. Fire consumes impurities, leaving behind what is pure and valuable. In the context of Jeremiah, God's word is portrayed as a purifying force, burning away falsehood and sin. This imagery is powerful, suggesting that God's word is not passive but active, transformative, and purifying. It challenges believers to allow the word of God to refine their hearts and minds, burning away anything that does not align with His holiness.

declares the LORD
The phrase "declares the LORD," uses the Hebrew "נְאֻם־יְהוָה" (ne'um-YHWH). This is a prophetic formula that asserts the authority and authenticity of the message. It is a reminder that the words spoken are not Jeremiah's own but are directly from God Himself. This declaration emphasizes the divine origin and the ultimate authority of the message. For believers, it underscores the importance of receiving and responding to God's word with reverence and obedience, recognizing it as the ultimate truth.

and like a hammer
The phrase "and like a hammer" uses the Hebrew word "כַּפַּטִּישׁ" (kappatish) for "hammer." In ancient times, a hammer was a tool of strength and power, used to break and shape hard materials. This imagery suggests that God's word has the power to break through the hardest of hearts and the most stubborn of circumstances. It is a tool of construction and destruction, capable of breaking down barriers and building up righteousness. For believers, this is a call to allow God's word to shape and mold their lives, breaking down the hardness of sin and building up a life of faith and obedience.

that shatters a rock?
The phrase "that shatters a rock?" uses the Hebrew "סֶלַע" (sela) for "rock." Rocks are often symbols of strength, stability, and permanence. However, the imagery here is that even the most solid and seemingly unbreakable obstacles can be shattered by the power of God's word. This is a profound reminder of the omnipotence of God and the transformative power of His word. For believers, it is an encouragement that no situation is too difficult, no heart too hard, and no sin too entrenched that it cannot be overcome by the word of God. It calls for faith in the power of God's word to bring about change and transformation in every aspect of life.

Therefore behold
The phrase "Therefore behold" serves as a divine alert, a call to attention from God Himself. In Hebrew, "behold" is often translated from the word "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which is used to draw the listener's focus to something significant. It is a divine exclamation point, emphasizing the seriousness of the message that follows. This introduction sets the stage for a pronouncement of judgment, urging the audience to pay close attention to the words of the LORD.

I am against the prophets
This declaration is a direct and powerful statement of opposition from God. The Hebrew word for "against" is "אֶל" (el), which conveys a sense of direct confrontation. The prophets in question are those who have deviated from their divine calling. Historically, prophets were meant to be God's mouthpieces, delivering His messages to the people. However, these prophets have become adversaries to God by their actions, prompting this stern rebuke.

declares the LORD
This phrase underscores the authority and authenticity of the message. "Declares" is translated from the Hebrew word "נְאֻם" (ne'um), which is often used in prophetic literature to affirm that the message is not of human origin but is a divine utterance. The use of "the LORD" (YHWH) emphasizes the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, reminding the audience of His sovereignty and faithfulness, even in judgment.

who steal My words from each other
The imagery of "stealing" here is potent and condemning. The Hebrew root for "steal" is "גָּנַב" (ganab), which implies taking something deceitfully or without permission. In this context, it suggests that the prophets are not receiving genuine revelations from God but are instead plagiarizing or mimicking each other's false messages. This act of spiritual theft undermines the integrity of God's word and misleads the people. Historically, this reflects a time when false prophets were prevalent, leading the people astray with messages that did not originate from God. The phrase serves as a warning against the dangers of false teachings and the importance of discerning true divine revelation.

Yes
This word serves as a divine affirmation, emphasizing the certainty and seriousness of the message that follows. In Hebrew, the word often translated as "yes" is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which can also mean "behold" or "lo." It is a call to attention, urging the listener to focus on the gravity of God's forthcoming declaration. This sets the tone for the divine judgment that is about to be pronounced.

declares the LORD
The phrase "declares the LORD" is a common prophetic formula in the Hebrew Bible, often rendered from the Hebrew "נְאֻם־יְהוָה" (ne'um-YHWH). It signifies that the message is not of human origin but is a direct communication from God Himself. This underscores the authority and authenticity of the prophecy, reminding the audience that the words carry the weight of divine truth and are not to be taken lightly.

I am against the prophets
Here, God expresses His opposition to certain prophets. The Hebrew word for "against" is "אֶל" (el), which conveys a sense of confrontation or opposition. This is a strong statement indicating that these prophets are not merely misguided but are actively working against God's purposes. Historically, false prophets were a significant problem in ancient Israel, leading people astray with messages that contradicted God's true word.

who wag their own tongues
The imagery of "wagging tongues" suggests deceit and manipulation. The Hebrew root "נָעַר" (na'ar) can mean to shake or move, implying that these prophets are speaking of their own volition, without divine inspiration. This phrase highlights the self-serving nature of their messages, as they speak not from God but from their own desires and imaginations.

and declare
The act of declaring in this context is a false proclamation. The Hebrew word "אָמַר" (amar) is used, which means to say or speak. However, in this context, it is used ironically, as these prophets claim to speak for God but are actually spreading falsehoods. This serves as a warning against the dangers of presuming to speak on behalf of God without His true guidance.

'The LORD declares it.'
This phrase is the false claim made by the deceitful prophets. They misuse the divine formula "נְאֻם־יְהוָה" (ne'um-YHWH) to lend credibility to their own words. This is a grave offense, as it involves taking the Lord's name in vain and misleading the people. In a conservative Christian perspective, this serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of discernment and the need to test all teachings against the truth of Scripture. It underscores the responsibility of those who claim to speak for God to ensure that their messages align with His revealed word.

Indeed, declares the LORD
The word "Indeed" serves as a strong affirmation, emphasizing the certainty and seriousness of the message that follows. In Hebrew, the phrase "declares the LORD" is often rendered as "נְאֻם־יְהוָה" (ne'um-YHWH), which is a solemn pronouncement from God Himself. This phrase underscores the divine authority and authenticity of the message, contrasting sharply with the falsehoods of the false prophets. It reminds us that God’s declarations are absolute and trustworthy, unlike the deceitful words of those who claim to speak for Him without His commission.

I am against those who prophesy false dreams
The phrase "I am against" is a direct expression of God’s opposition and judgment. The Hebrew root for "against" (עַל, al) conveys a sense of being over or upon, indicating God’s active stance against the offenders. "Prophesy false dreams" refers to the act of delivering messages that are not from God, but rather from the imagination or deceit of the prophets themselves. In the ancient Near Eastern context, dreams were often considered a medium of divine communication. However, these false prophets were exploiting this belief to mislead the people. This highlights the danger of spiritual deception and the importance of discerning true prophecy from falsehood.

and tell them and lead My people astray with their reckless lies
The act of telling and leading astray indicates a deliberate and harmful influence. The Hebrew word for "astray" (תָּעָה, ta'ah) suggests wandering or being led off the correct path, which in this context means deviating from God’s truth. "Reckless lies" implies a careless disregard for the truth and the well-being of others. The false prophets were not only lying but doing so with a reckless abandon, showing no concern for the spiritual damage they were causing. This serves as a warning about the destructive power of false teachings and the responsibility of leaders to guide people in truth.

It was not I who sent or commanded them
This phrase emphasizes God’s disassociation from the false prophets. The Hebrew verbs for "sent" (שָׁלַח, shalach) and "commanded" (צִוָּה, tzivah) are often used in the context of divine commissioning. By stating that He neither sent nor commanded these prophets, God is making it clear that their messages lack divine origin and authority. This distinction is crucial for understanding the legitimacy of true prophecy, which always originates from God’s initiative and command.

nor do they benefit this people in the least
The phrase "nor do they benefit" highlights the futility and harm of the false prophets’ messages. The Hebrew word for "benefit" (יָעַל, ya'al) means to profit or be of use. The false prophecies were not only unhelpful but detrimental, offering no true guidance or hope. This underscores the importance of seeking and adhering to God’s true word, which is always beneficial and life-giving. The phrase "in the least" further emphasizes the complete lack of value in the false messages, reinforcing the need for discernment and faithfulness to God’s true revelation.

declares the LORD
The repetition of "declares the LORD" at the end of the verse serves as a bookend, reinforcing the divine authority and seriousness of the message. It is a reminder that God’s word is final and authoritative, and that He will hold accountable those who mislead His people. This closing affirmation calls believers to trust in God’s true word and to be vigilant against the dangers of false teachings.

Now when this people
The phrase "this people" refers specifically to the Israelites, God's chosen people, who were in a covenant relationship with Him. Historically, this was a time of great spiritual decline in Judah, where the people had turned away from God. The Hebrew word for "people" here is "עַם" (am), which often denotes a collective group bound by common identity and purpose. This highlights the communal responsibility and collective accountability of the Israelites in their relationship with God.

or a prophet or a priest
Prophets and priests were meant to be spiritual leaders and mediators between God and the people. The Hebrew words for "prophet" (נָבִיא, navi) and "priest" (כֹּהֵן, kohen) indicate roles of significant spiritual authority and responsibility. However, during Jeremiah's time, many prophets and priests were corrupt, leading the people astray. This context underscores the gravity of their failure and the resulting divine judgment.

asks you
The act of asking implies a seeking of knowledge or understanding. In this context, it suggests a superficial or insincere inquiry, as the people, prophets, and priests were not genuinely seeking God's will but rather questioning His authority and message. The Hebrew root "שָׁאַל" (sha'al) can mean to inquire or demand, reflecting the people's audacity in challenging God's message through Jeremiah.

‘What is the burden of the LORD?’
The term "burden" (מַשָּׂא, massa) in Hebrew can mean a load or a prophetic oracle, often one of judgment. Here, it reflects the people's cynical attitude towards God's messages, treating them as burdensome rather than life-giving. This phrase indicates a dismissive attitude towards divine revelation, highlighting the people's spiritual blindness and rebellion.

you are to say to them, ‘What burden?
Jeremiah is instructed to respond with a rhetorical question, "What burden?" This response serves to rebuke the people's irreverence and to emphasize that their perception of God's word as a burden is misguided. It reflects God's frustration with their hardened hearts and their failure to recognize the seriousness of their spiritual condition.

I will forsake you, declares the LORD.’
The declaration "I will forsake you" is a solemn pronouncement of judgment. The Hebrew word "עָזַב" (azav) means to leave or abandon, signifying a withdrawal of God's protective presence due to their persistent disobedience. This is a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. The phrase "declares the LORD" (נְאֻם יְהוָה, ne'um YHWH) underscores the authority and finality of God's pronouncement, affirming that this is not merely Jeremiah's message but the very word of God. This serves as a call to repentance and a warning of the seriousness of divine judgment.

As for the prophet or priest
In the context of ancient Israel, prophets and priests held significant roles as spiritual leaders and mediators between God and the people. The Hebrew word for prophet, "navi," implies one who is called or appointed to speak on behalf of God. Priests, or "kohen" in Hebrew, were responsible for temple rituals and maintaining the spiritual purity of the community. This phrase underscores the gravity of their responsibility and the expectation of integrity in their communication of God's word.

or anyone who claims
This phrase extends the warning beyond the official religious leaders to include any individual who presumes to speak on behalf of God. The Hebrew root "amar" means to say or declare, emphasizing the act of making a claim or assertion. This highlights the seriousness with which God views the misuse of His name and the presumption of speaking falsely in His name.

‘This is the burden of the LORD,’
The term "burden" translates from the Hebrew word "massa," which can mean a load or a prophetic oracle. In this context, it refers to a message or pronouncement from God. The misuse of this term suggests a false claim of divine revelation, which was a significant issue in Jeremiah's time as false prophets were misleading the people. The phrase serves as a warning against attributing personal or false messages to God, which can lead to spiritual deception and harm.

I will punish
The Hebrew word "paqad" is used here, which can mean to visit, attend to, or punish. In this context, it conveys the idea of divine retribution or judgment. This reflects God's justice and His commitment to uphold truth and righteousness. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of misrepresenting God's word.

that man and his household
The inclusion of "his household" indicates that the consequences of false prophecy extend beyond the individual to affect their family or community. This reflects the communal nature of ancient Israelite society, where the actions of one could impact many. It underscores the seriousness of leading others astray and the broader implications of spiritual leadership. The phrase serves as a call to accountability and integrity for those who claim to speak for God.

This is what each man is to say
This phrase emphasizes personal responsibility and the communal aspect of seeking God's will. In the Hebrew context, the word for "man" (אִישׁ, 'ish) often signifies an individual with a role or duty within the community. Here, it underscores the importance of each person actively engaging in spiritual discourse. Historically, this reflects the Jewish tradition of discussing and interpreting God's word within the community, a practice that strengthens faith and understanding.

to his friend and to his brother
The terms "friend" (רֵעַ, rea) and "brother" (אָח, ach) highlight the relational aspect of faith. In ancient Israel, relationships were central to community life, and spiritual discussions were not limited to formal settings but extended into everyday interactions. This phrase encourages believers to engage in meaningful conversations about God's word with those close to them, fostering a supportive and spiritually enriching environment.

‘What has the LORD answered?’
This question reflects a desire for divine guidance and understanding. The Hebrew root for "answered" (עָנָה, anah) implies a response or reply, often in the context of prayer or inquiry. It suggests an expectation that God is actively communicating with His people. Historically, prophets and leaders sought God's answers to guide the nation, and this practice is encouraged among all believers, emphasizing the accessibility of God's wisdom to everyone.

‘What has the LORD spoken?’
The word "spoken" (דָּבַר, dabar) in Hebrew carries the weight of divine revelation and authority. It signifies not just casual conversation but the powerful and purposeful communication of God's will. In the biblical context, God's spoken word is creative and transformative, as seen in the creation narrative. This phrase calls believers to seek and discern God's messages, recognizing their significance and impact on their lives and communities.

But no longer shall you say
This phrase indicates a divine command to cease a particular practice. In the Hebrew context, the phrase suggests a strong prohibition. The people had been misusing the term "oracle of the LORD," and God, through Jeremiah, is putting an end to this misuse. The command is not just a suggestion but a directive from God, emphasizing the seriousness of the issue at hand.

The oracle of the LORD
The Hebrew word for "oracle" is "massa," which can mean a burden or a prophetic utterance. Historically, this term was used to denote a message from God, often carrying weight and authority. However, in this context, it had become a cliché or a phrase used flippantly, losing its sacredness. The misuse of this term reflects a deeper spiritual problem where the people no longer revered God's words as holy and authoritative.

for each man’s own word becomes his oracle
This phrase highlights the shift from divine revelation to human invention. Instead of seeking and speaking God's true message, individuals were proclaiming their own thoughts and ideas as if they were divine. This reflects a broader cultural and spiritual decline where personal opinions were elevated to the status of divine truth, leading to confusion and false teachings.

and so you distort the words of the living God
The Hebrew word for "distort" is "haphak," meaning to overturn or pervert. This indicates a deliberate twisting or misrepresentation of God's words. The phrase "the words of the living God" underscores the vitality and authority of God's message. Unlike idols or false gods, the God of Israel is alive and active, and His words are meant to bring life and truth. Distorting these words is a grave offense, as it misleads people and dishonors God.

the LORD of Hosts
This title for God, "Yahweh Sabaoth," emphasizes His sovereignty and power over all heavenly and earthly armies. It is a reminder of God's ultimate authority and the futility of opposing His will. In the context of this verse, it serves as a warning that God, who commands the hosts of heaven, will not tolerate the misuse of His words.

our God
This phrase personalizes the relationship between God and His people. It is a reminder of the covenant relationship that Israel has with God. Despite their failings, God remains their God, and there is an implicit call to return to faithfulness. The use of "our" signifies a communal identity and responsibility to uphold the truth of God's words collectively.

Thus you are to say
This phrase indicates a directive, a command from God through Jeremiah. The Hebrew word for "say" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used in the context of divine communication. It underscores the authority and seriousness of the message being conveyed. In the historical context, prophets were expected to speak only what God had revealed to them, and this directive serves as a reminder of their responsibility to convey God's truth accurately.

to the prophet
The term "prophet" in Hebrew is "נָבִיא" (navi), which refers to someone who is called to speak on behalf of God. During Jeremiah's time, there were many false prophets who claimed to speak for God but were actually leading the people astray. This phrase highlights the importance of discerning true prophets from false ones, a theme that is prevalent throughout the book of Jeremiah.

What has the LORD answered you?
The use of "LORD" here is significant, as it is the translation of "יהוה" (YHWH), the covenant name of God. This question emphasizes the expectation that prophets receive their messages directly from God. The word "answered" suggests a dialogue, implying that true prophecy involves a genuine interaction with God. This challenges the false prophets who were speaking from their own imaginations rather than from divine revelation.

and, ‘What has the LORD spoken?’
The repetition of "What has the LORD spoken?" reinforces the need for accountability among the prophets. The Hebrew word for "spoken" is "דָּבַר" (dabar), which conveys the idea of a formal declaration or command. This phrase serves as a call to ensure that the words being proclaimed are indeed from God and not from human invention. In a broader scriptural context, it reminds believers of the importance of seeking God's voice and being faithful to His word.

But if you claim, ‘This is the oracle of the LORD,’
But if you claim
This phrase introduces a conditional statement, indicating a potential action or assertion by the people. The Hebrew root for "claim" is "אָמַר" (amar), which means to say, speak, or declare. In the context of Jeremiah, this word often carries the weight of responsibility and accountability. The people are warned about the seriousness of their words, especially when they attribute them to divine revelation. Historically, false claims of divine messages were a significant issue, as they could lead the people astray. This serves as a reminder of the importance of truthfulness and integrity in speech, particularly when speaking on behalf of God.

‘This is the oracle of the LORD,’
The term "oracle" in Hebrew is "מַשָּׂא" (massa), which can mean a burden or a prophetic utterance. In the context of Jeremiah, it often refers to a message from God that carries weight and significance. The phrase "the oracle of the LORD" implies a divine message that should not be taken lightly. In ancient Israel, prophets were the mouthpieces of God, and their messages were expected to be accurate and true. The misuse of this phrase suggests a false prophecy or a claim to divine authority that is not genuine. This highlights the danger of false prophets and the need for discernment among the people of God. The historical context of Jeremiah's time was fraught with false prophets who led the people away from God's true intentions, emphasizing the need for vigilance and adherence to authentic divine revelation.

Therefore
This word serves as a conclusion or result of the preceding verses, where God condemns the false prophets and leaders who have led His people astray. In Hebrew, the word often translated as "therefore" is "לָכֵן" (lakhen), which indicates a logical consequence. It underscores the seriousness of the situation and the inevitability of God's judgment due to the persistent disobedience and corruption among the leaders.

I will surely forget you
The phrase "I will surely forget you" is a powerful declaration of divine judgment. In Hebrew, the verb "forget" is "שָׁכַח" (shakach), which implies a deliberate act of disregarding or neglecting. This is not a mere lapse in memory but a conscious decision by God to withdraw His favor and protection. In the context of the covenant relationship, this is a severe consequence, as it signifies the removal of God's presence and blessing, which were central to Israel's identity and survival.

and cast you out of My presence
The imagery of being "cast out" is reminiscent of exile, a theme prevalent in the prophetic literature. The Hebrew verb "נָטַשׁ" (natash) means to abandon or forsake. Being cast out of God's presence is the ultimate form of judgment, as it signifies a complete severance from the source of life, guidance, and protection. Historically, this foreshadows the Babylonian exile, where the people of Judah were physically removed from the land God had given them.

both you and the city
The inclusion of "the city" alongside the people emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the judgment. Jerusalem, the city in question, was not only the political and cultural center but also the spiritual heart of the nation, housing the Temple, the dwelling place of God's presence. The city's fate is intertwined with that of the people, highlighting the collective responsibility and the widespread corruption that had permeated both the populace and their leaders.

I gave you and your fathers
This phrase recalls the covenantal promises made to the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and the subsequent gift of the land to their descendants. The Hebrew word for "gave" is "נָתַן" (natan), which signifies a gracious and sovereign act of God. The mention of "your fathers" serves as a reminder of the historical and spiritual heritage that the people have squandered through their disobedience. It underscores the gravity of their unfaithfulness, as they have not only failed in their own generation but have also dishonored the legacy of their ancestors.

And I will bring upon you
This phrase indicates a direct action from God, emphasizing His sovereignty and authority. The Hebrew root for "bring" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which often conveys the idea of coming or causing to come. In this context, it underscores God's active role in executing judgment. Historically, this reflects the period when God was addressing the false prophets and leaders of Israel who led His people astray. It serves as a reminder of God's involvement in the affairs of humanity, particularly in holding leaders accountable for their actions.

everlasting shame
The term "everlasting" is derived from the Hebrew word "עוֹלָם" (olam), which signifies perpetuity or eternity. "Shame" comes from the Hebrew "בּוּשׁ" (bosh), meaning to be ashamed or confounded. Together, these words convey a profound and enduring disgrace. In the biblical context, shame is often associated with sin and rebellion against God. This phrase warns of a divine judgment that is not temporary but eternal, highlighting the seriousness of turning away from God's truth.

and everlasting disgrace
Similar to "everlasting shame," this phrase uses "עוֹלָם" (olam) to denote an unending state. "Disgrace" is translated from the Hebrew "חֶרְפָּה" (cherpah), which implies reproach or scorn. The repetition of "everlasting" emphasizes the permanence of the consequences for those who persist in falsehood and deception. This serves as a sobering reminder of the weight of spiritual leadership and the dire consequences of leading others away from God's path.

that will never be forgotten
The phrase "never be forgotten" is a powerful conclusion to the verse, underscoring the lasting impact of God's judgment. The Hebrew root "שָׁכַח" (shakach) means to forget or ignore. In this context, it indicates that the shame and disgrace brought upon the false prophets will be indelible in the collective memory of God's people. This serves as a warning to future generations about the dangers of false teachings and the importance of remaining faithful to God's word.