Hosea 4:2
New International Version
There is only cursing, lying and murder, stealing and adultery; they break all bounds, and bloodshed follows bloodshed.

New Living Translation
You make vows and break them; you kill and steal and commit adultery. There is violence everywhere— one murder after another.

English Standard Version
there is swearing, lying, murder, stealing, and committing adultery; they break all bounds, and bloodshed follows bloodshed.

Berean Standard Bible
Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.

King James Bible
By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood.

New King James Version
By swearing and lying, Killing and stealing and committing adultery, They break all restraint, With bloodshed upon bloodshed.

New American Standard Bible
There is oath-taking, denial, murder, stealing, and adultery. They employ violence, so that bloodshed follows bloodshed.

NASB 1995
There is swearing, deception, murder, stealing and adultery. They employ violence, so that bloodshed follows bloodshed.

NASB 1977
There is swearing, deception, murder, stealing, and adultery. They employ violence, so that bloodshed follows bloodshed.

Legacy Standard Bible
There is swearing of oaths, deception, murder, stealing, and adultery. They break forth in violence so that bloodshed follows bloodshed.

Amplified Bible
There is [false] swearing of oaths, deception (broken faith), murder, stealing, and adultery; They employ violence, so that one [act of] bloodshed follows closely on another.

Christian Standard Bible
Cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.

American Standard Version
There is nought but swearing and breaking faith, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery; they break out, and blood toucheth blood.

Contemporary English Version
Cursing, dishonesty, murder, robbery, unfaithfulness--these happen all the time. Violence is everywhere.

English Revised Version
There is nought but swearing and breaking faith, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery; they break out, and blood toucheth blood.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
There is cursing, lying, murdering, stealing, and adultery. People break [my laws], and there is one murder after another.

Good News Translation
They make promises and break them; they lie, murder, steal, and commit adultery. Crimes increase, and there is one murder after another.

International Standard Version
Swearing, lying, murder, theft, and adultery are rampant, and blood mingles with blood.

Majority Standard Bible
Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.

NET Bible
There is only cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and adultery. They resort to violence and bloodshed.

New Heart English Bible
There is cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and committing adultery; they break boundaries, and bloodshed causes bloodshed.

Webster's Bible Translation
By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood.

World English Bible
There is cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and committing adultery; they break boundaries, and bloodshed causes bloodshed.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Swearing, and lying, and murdering, "" And stealing, and committing adultery—have increased, "" And blood has touched against blood.

Young's Literal Translation
Swearing, and lying, and murdering, And stealing, and committing adultery -- have increased, And blood against blood hath touched.

Smith's Literal Translation
Swearing and lying, and breaking in pieces, and stealing and committing adultery, they broke forth; and bloods touched upon bloods.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Cursing, and lying, and killing, and theft, and adultery have overflowed, and blood hath touched blood.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Slander, and lying, and killing, and theft, and adultery have overflowed, and bloodshed has brought more bloodshed.

New American Bible
Swearing, lying, murder, stealing and adultery break out; bloodshed follows bloodshed.

New Revised Standard Version
Swearing, lying, and murder, and stealing and adultery break out; bloodshed follows bloodshed.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
But cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and committing adultery; they have increased and they mix blood with blood.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
A curse and lying and murder and theft and adultery have increased, and they have mixed blood with blood
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Swearing and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery! They break all bounds, and blood toucheth blood.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Cursing, and lying, and murder, and theft, and adultery abound in the land, and they mingle blood with blood.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
God's Charges Against Israel
1Hear the word of the LORD, O children of Israel, for the LORD has a case against the people of the land: “There is no truth, no loving devotion, and no knowledge of God in the land! 2Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another. 3Therefore the land mourns, and all who dwell in it will waste away with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air; even the fish of the sea disappear.…

Cross References
Exodus 20:13-16
You shall not murder. / You shall not commit adultery. / You shall not steal. ...

Deuteronomy 5:17-20
You shall not murder. / You shall not commit adultery. / You shall not steal. ...

Jeremiah 7:9
Will you steal and murder, commit adultery and perjury, burn incense to Baal, and follow other gods that you have not known,

Leviticus 19:11-12
You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another. / You must not swear falsely by My name and so profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.

Isaiah 59:3-4
For your hands are stained with blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, and your tongue mutters injustice. / No one calls for justice; no one pleads his case honestly. They rely on empty pleas; they tell lies; they conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity.

Micah 6:12
For the wealthy of the city are full of violence, and its residents speak lies; their tongues are deceitful in their mouths.

Zechariah 5:3-4
Then he told me, “This is the curse that is going out over the face of all the land, for according to one side of the scroll, every thief will be removed; and according to the other side, every perjurer will be removed. / I will send it out, declares the LORD of Hosts, and it will enter the house of the thief and the house of him who swears falsely by My name. It will remain inside his house and destroy it, down to its timbers and stones.”

Romans 1:29-32
They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips, / slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant, and boastful. They invent new forms of evil; they disobey their parents. / They are senseless, faithless, heartless, merciless. ...

James 4:2
You crave what you do not have; you kill and covet, but are unable to obtain it. You quarrel and fight. You do not have, because you do not ask.

Matthew 15:19
For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and slander.

Mark 7:21-22
For from within the hearts of men come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, / greed, wickedness, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness.

1 Timothy 1:9-10
We realize that law is not enacted for the righteous, but for the lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and sinful, for the unholy and profane, for killers of father or mother, for murderers, / for the sexually immoral, for homosexuals, for slave traders and liars and perjurers, and for anyone else who is averse to sound teaching

1 Corinthians 6:9-10
Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts, / nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

Galatians 5:19-21
The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity, and debauchery; / idolatry and sorcery; hatred, discord, jealousy, and rage; rivalries, divisions, factions, / and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.

Colossians 3:5-9
Put to death, therefore, the components of your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires, and greed, which is idolatry. / Because of these, the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience. / When you lived among them, you also used to walk in these ways. ...


Treasury of Scripture

By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood touches blood.

swearing.

Isaiah 24:5
The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant.

Isaiah 48:1
Hear ye this, O house of Jacob, which are called by the name of Israel, and are come forth out of the waters of Judah, which swear by the name of the LORD, and make mention of the God of Israel, but not in truth, nor in righteousness.

Isaiah 59:2-8,12-15
But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid his face from you, that he will not hear…

blood.

Hosea 5:2
And the revolters are profound to make slaughter, though I have been a rebuker of them all.

Hosea 6:9
And as troops of robbers wait for a man, so the company of priests murder in the way by consent: for they commit lewdness.

Lamentations 4:13
For the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her,

Jump to Previous
Adultery Attacks Blood Bloodshed Boundaries Bounds Break Breaking Broken Causes Committing Cursing Death Deception Employ Faith Follows Houses Increased Killing Lying Married Murder Murdering Nought Property Stealing Swearing Touched Toucheth Touching Untrue Violence Violent
Jump to Next
Adultery Attacks Blood Bloodshed Boundaries Bounds Break Breaking Broken Causes Committing Cursing Death Deception Employ Faith Follows Houses Increased Killing Lying Married Murder Murdering Nought Property Stealing Swearing Touched Toucheth Touching Untrue Violence Violent
Hosea 4
1. God denounces judgments on Israel, for their aggravated impieties and iniquities.
12. He exposes the ignorance and wickedness of the priests,
13. and moral dissolution of the people,
14. he will leave their wives and daughters to commit lewdness, without present punishment.
15. He warns Judah, not to imitate Israel's crimes, which are still further reproved.














Cursing and lying
The Hebrew word for "cursing" is "אָלָה" (alah), which implies invoking harm or misfortune upon others, often through false oaths or blasphemy. In the context of Hosea, this reflects a society that has turned away from God, embracing deceit and falsehood. "Lying" is translated from "כָּזָב" (kazab), indicating a deliberate distortion of truth. Together, these terms highlight a breakdown in moral integrity and trust, foundational elements of a covenantal relationship with God. Historically, Israel's infidelity to God often manifested in their speech, reflecting a heart far from Him.

Murder and stealing
"Murder" comes from the Hebrew "רָצַח" (ratsach), which denotes unlawful killing, a direct violation of the sixth commandment. "Stealing," from "גָּנַב" (ganab), breaches the eighth commandment, emphasizing the erosion of respect for life and property. These acts are symptomatic of a society that has abandoned divine law, leading to chaos and injustice. Archaeological findings from ancient Israelite settlements reveal societal unrest and moral decline during periods of spiritual apostasy, corroborating the prophetic critique.

Adultery
The Hebrew "נָאַף" (na'aph) refers to marital unfaithfulness, a metaphor Hosea frequently uses to describe Israel's spiritual infidelity to God. Adultery, both literal and figurative, signifies a breach of covenant, reflecting Israel's pursuit of foreign gods and alliances. This imagery is powerful, as marriage is a sacred covenant, mirroring the relationship between God and His people. The prevalence of adultery underscores the nation's disregard for sacred commitments.

Are rampant
The phrase "are rampant" captures the pervasive nature of these sins. The Hebrew "פָּרַץ" (parats) suggests breaking forth or spreading uncontrollably, indicating that these transgressions are not isolated incidents but widespread societal norms. This paints a picture of a community in moral decay, where sin is not only tolerated but has become the standard.

One act of bloodshed follows another
This phrase, "דָּם בְּדָם נָגָע" (dam b'dam naga), literally means "blood touches blood," illustrating a cycle of violence and retribution. It conveys the idea of continuous, escalating violence, where one act of bloodshed leads to another, creating an unending chain of vengeance and death. This reflects a society devoid of justice and peace, where the sanctity of life is disregarded. In the broader biblical narrative, such conditions are often the result of turning away from God's righteous decrees, leading to societal collapse.

(2) Blood toucheth blood--i.e., murder is added to murder with ghastly prevalence. References to false swearing and lying are repeated in terrible terms by Amos 2:6-8 and Micah 7:2-8; and the form of the charge suggests the Decalogue and pre-existing legislation (Exodus 20:13-15).

Verse 2. - Having given a picture of Israel negatively, he next presents the positive side. The absence of the virtues specified implies the presence of the opposite vices. In the most vivid and impressive manner the prophet, instead of enumerating prosaically the vices so prevalent at the time, expresses them more emphatically by a species of exclamation, using

(1) infinitives absolute instead of finite verbs; thus: "Swearing, and lying, and murdering, and stealing, and committing adultery." They may, however, be regarded as in the nominative as subjects to יֵשׁ. Instead of either supplying לְשָׁוְא, to allot, or closely connecting" allot" with the verb "to lie," which immediately follows, it is better to understand the two verbs separately, as expressing two different species of sin; that is, swearing and cursing, and lying. So the Septuagint renders them by the nouns ἀρὰ καὶ ψεῦδος, equivalent to "cursing and lying;" as also the Chaldee, "they swear falsely and lie." The commandments which the children of Israel thus violated were the third, the ninth, the sixth, the eighth, and the seventh.

(2) The construction, adopted in the LXX., Vulgate, and by Luther in his version, takes the infinitives (nounal expressions of habitual or continued actions) as nominatives to the verb paratsu; thus: "Cursing, and lying, and murder, and theft, and adultery abound (κέχυται or εκκέχυται) in the land;" "Maledictum, et mendacium, et homicidium, et furtum, et adulterium innndavernut;" and Luther translates, "Gotteslastern, Luger, Morder, Stehlen, and Ehebrechen hat uberhand genommen." The common mode

(3) of constructing the infinitives independently as above in . . .

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Cursing
אָלֹ֣ה (’ā·lōh)
Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 422: To adjure, imprecate

and lying,
וְכַחֵ֔שׁ (wə·ḵa·ḥêš)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 3584: To disappoint, deceive, fail, grow lean

murder
וְרָצֹ֥חַ (wə·rā·ṣō·aḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 7523: To dash in pieces, kill, to murder

and stealing,
וְגָנֹ֖ב (wə·ḡā·nōḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 1589: To thieve, to deceive

and adultery
וְנָאֹ֑ף (wə·nā·’ōp̄)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 5003: To commit adultery, to apostatize

are rampant;
פָּרָ֕צוּ (pā·rā·ṣū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 6555: To break through

one act of bloodshed
וְדָמִ֥ים (wə·ḏā·mîm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 1818: Blood, of man, an animal, the juice of the grape, bloodshed

follows another.
נָגָֽעוּ׃ (nā·ḡā·‘ū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 5060: To touch, lay the hand upon, to reach, violently, to strike


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OT Prophets: Hosea 4:2 There is cursing lying murder stealing (Ho Hs Hos.)
Hosea 4:1
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