The word of the LORD
This phrase signifies a divine communication, a message directly from God. In Hebrew, "word" is "dabar," which implies not just a spoken word but an active, dynamic force. The "word of the LORD" is a recurring theme throughout the Bible, emphasizing the authority and power of God's communication. Historically, prophets like Ezekiel were conduits for God's messages, serving as His mouthpiece to the people. This phrase underscores the seriousness and divine origin of the message that follows, reminding us of the importance of listening to and obeying God's word.

came to me
This indicates a personal and direct revelation to Ezekiel. The Hebrew verb "hayah" is used here, suggesting an event or occurrence, emphasizing that this was not a mere thought or idea but a significant, divine encounter. The phrase highlights the intimate relationship between God and His prophets, where God chooses specific individuals to deliver His messages. It also reflects the personal nature of God's communication, as He reaches out to individuals to convey His will and purpose.

saying
This word introduces the content of the divine message. In Hebrew, "amar" is used, which is a common verb for speaking or saying. It sets the stage for the specific instructions or revelations that God is about to impart. The use of "saying" indicates that what follows is not just a narrative but a direct quotation from God, carrying His authority and requiring the attention and response of the listener. This word serves as a transition from the introduction of the divine message to its actual content, preparing the audience for the weight and significance of what is to be communicated.

What do you people mean
This phrase is a direct challenge from God through the prophet Ezekiel. The Hebrew word for "mean" (נָשָׂא, nasa) can also imply "to lift up" or "to bear." Here, it suggests a burden of misunderstanding or misapplication of a proverb. God is questioning the people's understanding and use of a saying that has become a common excuse for their behavior. This sets the stage for a divine correction of their misconceptions.

by quoting this proverb
The use of "proverb" (מָשָׁל, mashal) in Hebrew indicates a common saying or parable that encapsulates a cultural belief or wisdom. Proverbs were often used to convey collective wisdom or societal norms. In this context, the proverb reflects a fatalistic view of inherited guilt and consequences, which God is about to refute. The use of proverbs was a common pedagogical tool in ancient Israel, often used to teach moral lessons.

about the land of Israel
The "land of Israel" is not just a geographical location but a covenantal space where God's people reside. It is a land with a rich history of divine promises and expectations. The mention of the land underscores the communal aspect of the proverb and the widespread acceptance of its message among the Israelites. The land is a witness to the people's actions and beliefs, and God is addressing a misconception that has taken root in this sacred space.

The fathers have eaten sour grapes
This part of the proverb uses a vivid metaphor. "Sour grapes" (בֹּצֶר, botser) symbolize actions or sins that are unpleasant or offensive. The "fathers" represent the previous generations who have committed sins or made poor choices. The imagery of eating sour grapes suggests that the fathers have engaged in actions that are distasteful and have consequences. This reflects a belief in generational sin, where the actions of one generation affect the next.

and the teeth of the children are set on edge
The phrase "teeth of the children are set on edge" (תִּקְהֶינָה, tikhenah) describes a physical reaction to the sourness experienced by the fathers. It implies that the children suffer the consequences of their ancestors' actions. This reflects a deterministic view of sin and punishment, where the children are seen as bearing the brunt of their parents' misdeeds. God is challenging this notion, emphasizing individual responsibility and the justice of His ways.

As surely as I live
This phrase is a solemn oath, underscoring the certainty and seriousness of God's declaration. In Hebrew, it is "חי־אני" (chai ani), which translates to "I live." This expression is used frequently in the Old Testament to affirm the truthfulness of God's words. It emphasizes God's eternal nature and His active presence in the affairs of humanity. The phrase assures the listener of the unchanging and living nature of God, who is the ultimate authority and source of life. It is a reminder that God's promises and declarations are as certain as His own existence.

declares the Lord GOD
The Hebrew for "declares" is "נְאֻם" (ne'um), which is often used in prophetic literature to introduce a divine pronouncement. "The Lord GOD" is "אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה" (Adonai Yahweh), a combination of titles that emphasize both the sovereignty and the covenantal relationship of God with His people. This phrase indicates that the message is not from the prophet's own mind but is a direct communication from God. It carries the weight of divine authority and is meant to be received with reverence and obedience.

you will no longer quote this proverb
The "proverb" in question is a saying that had become common in Israel, reflecting a misunderstanding of God's justice. The Hebrew word for "proverb" is "מָשָׁל" (mashal), which can mean a parable, saying, or byword. This particular proverb suggested that the children were suffering for the sins of their parents, which contradicted the individual responsibility emphasized in the Law. By stating that this proverb will no longer be quoted, God is correcting a theological error and emphasizing personal accountability. It marks a shift from collective to individual responsibility, aligning with the broader biblical narrative of personal repentance and faith.

in Israel
The mention of "Israel" specifies the audience and context of the message. Israel, as God's chosen people, had a unique covenant relationship with Him, which included specific laws and expectations. The historical context is the period of the Babylonian exile, a time of great turmoil and questioning of God's justice. By addressing Israel, God is reaffirming His covenant and His desire for His people to understand His ways correctly. It is a call for the nation to return to a proper understanding of God's justice and to live in accordance with His statutes.

Behold
The Hebrew word for "behold" is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which serves as an imperative to pay attention or to look. It is often used in Scripture to draw the reader's or listener's focus to a significant truth or revelation. In this context, it emphasizes the importance of the message that follows, urging the audience to consider the divine ownership and justice of God.

every soul belongs to Me
The term "soul" is translated from the Hebrew word "נֶפֶשׁ" (nephesh), which can mean life, person, or being. This phrase underscores the sovereignty of God over all creation. It reflects the biblical truth that every individual, regardless of lineage or status, is under God's authority and care. This challenges any notion of inherited guilt or righteousness, emphasizing personal responsibility before God.

both father and son alike belong to Me
This phrase reiterates the previous statement, emphasizing that God's ownership and authority extend across generations. In the historical context of Israel, where family lineage and heritage were significant, this declaration serves as a reminder that divine justice is not bound by human traditions or familial ties. Each person stands individually accountable to God.

The soul who sins
Here, "soul" again refers to the individual person. The focus is on personal sin, highlighting the biblical principle that each person is responsible for their own actions. This counters the prevailing belief in Ezekiel's time that children could suffer for the sins of their parents, as seen in the proverb mentioned earlier in the chapter (Ezekiel 18:2).

is the one who will die
The Hebrew word for "die" is "מוּת" (muth), which can refer to physical death or spiritual separation from God. In this context, it signifies the consequence of sin, which is death. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that sin leads to death (Romans 6:23). However, it also points to the hope of redemption, as the chapter later discusses repentance and life. The emphasis is on God's justice and mercy, offering each person the opportunity to turn from sin and live.

Now suppose
The phrase "Now suppose" introduces a hypothetical scenario, inviting the reader to consider a specific case. In Hebrew, this is a common rhetorical device used to engage the audience in moral reasoning. It sets the stage for a discussion on personal responsibility and moral accountability, emphasizing that each individual is judged by their own actions, not those of their ancestors or descendants. This approach aligns with the broader biblical theme of free will and personal choice.

a man
The term "a man" here is generic, representing any individual. In the Hebrew context, "man" (אִישׁ, 'ish) often signifies a person of moral and legal standing. This universality underscores the message that the principles of righteousness and justice apply to everyone, regardless of status or background. It reflects the biblical view that all humans are created in the image of God and are therefore capable of moral decision-making.

is righteous
The word "righteous" (צַדִּיק, tzaddik) in Hebrew conveys a sense of being just, lawful, and morally upright. Righteousness in the biblical sense is not merely about following rules but living in a way that reflects God's character. It involves a heart aligned with God's will, demonstrating faithfulness and integrity. This righteousness is a key theme throughout Scripture, highlighting the importance of a life that honors God through ethical conduct.

and does what is just
The phrase "and does what is just" emphasizes action. In Hebrew, "just" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) refers to justice, judgment, and the proper order of things according to God's law. It implies not only a personal adherence to justice but also an active role in promoting fairness and equity in society. This reflects the biblical mandate for believers to be agents of justice, mirroring God's own justice in their interactions with others.

and right
The word "right" (צְדָקָה, tzedakah) in Hebrew is closely related to righteousness but often emphasizes acts of charity and kindness. It suggests a proactive approach to living out one's faith through benevolent actions. In the biblical context, doing what is "right" involves more than personal morality; it includes social responsibility and care for the marginalized. This holistic view of righteousness and justice is central to the prophetic message of Ezekiel, calling God's people to embody His love and justice in tangible ways.

He does not eat at the mountain
This phrase refers to the ancient practice of participating in pagan rituals and feasts held at high places or mountains, which were often sites of idol worship. The Hebrew root word for "eat" (אָכַל, 'akal) implies not just physical consumption but also participation and fellowship. In the historical context, Israelites were often tempted to join these pagan feasts, which were contrary to God's commandments. The faithful individual described here abstains from such practices, demonstrating loyalty to Yahweh and a rejection of idolatry.

or look to the idols of the house of Israel
The phrase "look to" (נָשָׂא, nasa) in Hebrew can mean to regard, respect, or give attention to. The "idols of the house of Israel" refers to the false gods that had infiltrated the worship practices of the Israelites. Historically, this was a period when syncretism was rampant, and the Israelites often mixed the worship of Yahweh with that of local deities. The righteous person, however, does not give regard to these idols, maintaining purity in worship and devotion to the one true God.

He does not defile his neighbor’s wife
This phrase addresses the moral and ethical standards expected of God's people, specifically concerning adultery. The Hebrew word for "defile" (טָמֵא, tame) means to make unclean or impure. Adultery was not only a personal sin but also a violation of the covenant community's sanctity. In the scriptural context, maintaining marital fidelity was a reflection of one's faithfulness to God, as marriage is often used as a metaphor for the relationship between God and His people.

or approach a woman during her period
This part of the verse refers to the Levitical laws concerning ritual purity (Leviticus 18:19). The Hebrew word for "approach" (קָרַב, qarab) means to draw near or come close. During a woman's menstrual period, she was considered ritually unclean, and any sexual relations during this time would render both parties unclean. This law was part of a broader system of purity that taught the Israelites about holiness and the importance of respecting God's boundaries. The righteous person respects these laws, demonstrating obedience and reverence for God's instructions.

He does not oppress another
The Hebrew word for "oppress" is "עשק" (ashaq), which conveys the idea of exploiting or taking advantage of someone, particularly those who are vulnerable. In the historical context of ancient Israel, oppression often involved unjust treatment of the poor, widows, orphans, and foreigners. This phrase emphasizes the righteous behavior expected of God's people, highlighting the importance of justice and fairness in interpersonal relationships. It serves as a reminder that true righteousness involves treating others with dignity and respect, reflecting God's own character.

but restores the pledge to the debtor
The concept of a "pledge" in ancient Israel refers to a security deposit or collateral given by a debtor to a creditor. The Hebrew word "חבל" (chabal) is used here, which means to bind or pledge. According to Mosaic Law, if a poor person gave their cloak as a pledge, it was to be returned by sunset (Exodus 22:26-27). This phrase underscores the importance of compassion and mercy in financial dealings, ensuring that the dignity and basic needs of the debtor are preserved. It reflects a heart aligned with God's justice, where the well-being of others is prioritized over personal gain.

he does not commit robbery
The Hebrew term "גזל" (gazal) means to seize or take by force. In the biblical context, robbery is not just a legal issue but a moral one, violating the commandment "You shall not steal" (Exodus 20:15). This phrase highlights the integrity and honesty expected of the righteous, who respect the property and rights of others. It serves as a call to live in a way that honors God by upholding His commandments and fostering trust within the community.

but gives his bread to the hungry
The act of giving bread to the hungry is a tangible expression of love and compassion. The Hebrew word "לחם" (lechem) for bread symbolizes sustenance and life. In a historical context, sharing food with the needy was a fundamental aspect of community life and a reflection of God's provision. This phrase encourages believers to be generous and selfless, mirroring God's own generosity and care for His creation. It challenges us to see the needs of others and respond with open hearts and hands.

and covers the naked with clothing
Clothing the naked is an act of mercy and dignity. The Hebrew word "כסה" (kasah) means to cover or conceal, and it implies protection and care. In ancient times, clothing was not only a necessity but also a symbol of honor and status. This phrase calls believers to protect and honor the vulnerable, providing for their basic needs and restoring their dignity. It reflects the heart of God, who clothes us with His righteousness and calls us to do likewise for others.

He does not lend at interest
The Hebrew word for "interest" is "נֶשֶׁךְ" (neshek), which literally means "a bite." This term is used to describe the practice of charging interest on loans, which was prohibited among the Israelites when lending to fellow countrymen (Exodus 22:25, Leviticus 25:36-37). The imagery of a "bite" suggests the harmful and consuming nature of usury, which can lead to the financial ruin of the borrower. In a historical context, this prohibition was intended to promote community solidarity and prevent the exploitation of the poor. From a conservative Christian perspective, this principle underscores the importance of compassion and fairness in financial dealings, reflecting God's justice and mercy.

or take a profit
The phrase "take a profit" refers to the Hebrew word "תַּרְבִּית" (tarbit), which is often translated as "increase" or "usury." This reinforces the idea of refraining from exploiting others for personal gain. In ancient Israel, the economic system was designed to ensure that wealth did not become concentrated in the hands of a few, but rather circulated within the community to support all its members. This principle is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to act with generosity and selflessness (Luke 6:34-35). The call to avoid taking unfair profit serves as a reminder to prioritize relationships and community welfare over personal enrichment.

he withholds his hand from injustice
The phrase "withholds his hand" suggests a deliberate and conscious choice to refrain from engaging in wrongful acts. The Hebrew word for "injustice" is "עָוֶל" (avel), which encompasses a broad range of unethical behaviors, including deceit, oppression, and violence. In the context of Ezekiel's message, this highlights the responsibility of individuals to actively resist participating in or perpetuating systems of injustice. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this aligns with the biblical call to pursue righteousness and uphold God's standards of holiness and integrity in all aspects of life.

and executes true justice between men
The term "true justice" is derived from the Hebrew word "מִשְׁפָּט" (mishpat), which signifies a fair and equitable judgment or decision. This concept is central to the biblical understanding of justice, which is rooted in God's character and His covenant with His people. The call to "execute true justice" emphasizes the importance of impartiality and fairness in resolving disputes and maintaining social harmony. Historically, this was a key responsibility of leaders and judges in Israel, who were expected to reflect God's justice in their rulings. For Christians, this serves as a model for how believers are to engage with the world, advocating for truth and justice in accordance with God's will.

He follows My statutes
The phrase "He follows My statutes" emphasizes the importance of obedience to God's laws. The Hebrew word for "statutes" is "חֻקּוֹתַי" (chuqqotai), which refers to decrees or prescribed tasks. In the ancient Near Eastern context, statutes were often seen as divine instructions that governed not only religious practices but also social and moral behavior. The emphasis here is on the personal commitment to adhere to God's commands, reflecting a heart aligned with divine will. This obedience is not merely external but involves an internal dedication to God's ways, highlighting the covenant relationship between God and His people.

and faithfully keeps My ordinances
The phrase "and faithfully keeps My ordinances" underscores the consistency and reliability in observing God's laws. The Hebrew word for "ordinances" is "מִשְׁפָּטַי" (mishpatay), which can be translated as judgments or decisions. These are the specific applications of God's statutes in daily life. The term "faithfully" suggests a steadfast and unwavering commitment, indicating that the individual not only understands God's laws but also applies them diligently. This reflects a life of integrity and devotion, where one's actions are in harmony with God's expectations.

he is righteous
The declaration "he is righteous" identifies the individual as being in right standing with God. The Hebrew word for "righteous" is "צַדִּיק" (tzaddik), which conveys the idea of being just or morally upright. In the biblical context, righteousness is not merely about legalistic adherence to rules but involves a holistic approach to living in accordance with God's character and purposes. This righteousness is a result of a transformed heart that seeks to honor God in all aspects of life, demonstrating the fruit of a genuine relationship with the Creator.

surely he will live
The assurance "surely he will live" promises life as a reward for righteousness. In the Hebrew text, the phrase "חָיֹה יִחְיֶה" (chayoh yichyeh) is emphatic, indicating certainty and assurance. This life is not only physical but also spiritual, encompassing the fullness of God's blessings and favor. In the historical context of Ezekiel, this promise would have been particularly poignant, as the Israelites faced exile and judgment. It serves as a reminder that true life is found in obedience to God, offering hope and restoration to those who walk in His ways.

declares the Lord GOD
The phrase "declares the Lord GOD" affirms the divine authority behind the promise. The Hebrew term "נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה" (ne'um Adonai YHWH) is a solemn declaration, emphasizing that these words are not merely human opinions but the authoritative pronouncement of the sovereign Creator. This underscores the reliability and unchanging nature of God's promises. In a world where human words often fail, the declaration of the Lord GOD provides a foundation of trust and assurance for those who seek to live righteously.

Now suppose
The phrase "Now suppose" introduces a hypothetical scenario, a common teaching method in ancient Hebrew literature. This approach invites the audience to engage with the moral and ethical implications of the situation. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "וְהִנֵּה" (vehineh), which often serves to draw attention to a new or significant point. It sets the stage for a discussion on personal responsibility and the consequences of one's actions, emphasizing the importance of individual choice in the eyes of God.

that man
This refers to the righteous man described earlier in the chapter, who lives according to God's statutes. The Hebrew word for "man" here is "אִישׁ" (ish), which can denote a person of integrity or standing. The context suggests a generational contrast, highlighting the potential for divergence in moral character within a family. This underscores the biblical principle that righteousness is not inherited but must be chosen by each individual.

has a violent son
The term "violent" is translated from the Hebrew word "חָמָס" (chamas), which implies not just physical violence but also injustice and oppression. This word is often associated with moral corruption and is used throughout the Old Testament to describe actions that are abhorrent to God. The mention of a "son" indicates a direct familial relationship, emphasizing the personal nature of the narrative and the potential for discord even within a righteous household.

who sheds blood
"Sheds blood" is a phrase that denotes murder or acts of extreme violence. In Hebrew, "שֹׁפֵךְ דָּם" (shopekh dam) is a serious accusation, as the shedding of innocent blood is a grave sin in biblical law. This phrase serves to illustrate the severity of the son's actions, contrasting sharply with the righteousness of the father. It highlights the biblical teaching that each person is accountable for their own sins, regardless of their family background.

or does any of these things
This phrase refers back to the list of sins and transgressions outlined earlier in the chapter. The Hebrew "וְעָשָׂה אַחַת מִכָּל־אֵלֶּה" (ve'asah achat mikol-eleh) suggests a comprehensive understanding of sin, encompassing both specific actions and general attitudes that are contrary to God's commands. It reinforces the message that each individual is responsible for their own moral choices and that deviation from God's law leads to spiritual and often physical consequences.

though the father has done none of these things
This phrase emphasizes the individual responsibility and accountability in the eyes of God. In the Hebrew context, the word for "father" (אָב, 'av) is significant, as it often represents the head of the family or lineage. The phrase underscores the principle that each person is judged by their own actions, not by the deeds of their ancestors. This was a radical departure from the prevailing belief in collective punishment or inherited guilt, which was common in ancient Near Eastern cultures. Theologically, it highlights God's justice and fairness, affirming that each soul is responsible for its own sin.

Indeed, the son eats at the mountain shrines
The "mountain shrines" refer to the high places where idolatrous worship was often conducted. The Hebrew word for "eats" (אָכַל, 'akal) implies participation in pagan rituals, which often included sacrificial meals. This act of eating at the shrines symbolizes a rejection of the covenant relationship with Yahweh and an embrace of idolatry. Historically, these high places were a persistent issue in Israel's history, representing a continual temptation to forsake the worship of the one true God. The phrase serves as a warning against syncretism and the dangers of compromising one's faith.

defiles his neighbor’s wife
This phrase addresses the sin of adultery, which is a direct violation of the Ten Commandments. The Hebrew word for "defiles" (טָמֵא, tame) conveys a sense of impurity and moral corruption. Adultery not only breaks the marital covenant but also disrupts the social and spiritual fabric of the community. In the biblical context, marriage is a sacred institution ordained by God, and its violation is seen as an affront to divine order. This phrase serves as a reminder of the sanctity of marriage and the importance of fidelity, reflecting God's desire for holiness in personal relationships.

He oppresses the poor and needy
The phrase "He oppresses the poor and needy" highlights a grave sin in the eyes of God, as the Hebrew word for "oppresses" (עָשַׁק, 'ashaq) conveys a sense of violence and exploitation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the poor and needy were often the most vulnerable members of society, lacking the means to defend themselves or seek justice. The Bible consistently calls for the protection and care of these individuals, reflecting God's heart for justice and mercy. This phrase serves as a reminder of the divine mandate to care for the less fortunate and to act justly in all dealings.

commits robbery
The act of "commits robbery" is condemned throughout Scripture, as it violates the commandment against stealing (Exodus 20:15). The Hebrew word used here, גָּזַל (gazal), implies taking by force or deceit. In the historical context of Ezekiel, such actions would disrupt the social fabric and lead to societal decay. This phrase underscores the importance of integrity and respect for others' property, aligning with the broader biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself.

does not restore a pledge
The phrase "does not restore a pledge" refers to the failure to return collateral taken for a loan, which was a serious offense in biblical law. The Hebrew term חָבֹל (chabol) indicates a breach of trust and covenant. In ancient Israel, the Law provided specific instructions for the treatment of pledges, emphasizing fairness and compassion (Exodus 22:26-27). This phrase highlights the importance of honoring commitments and acting with integrity, reflecting God's character and His desire for His people to live in righteousness.

lifts his eyes to idols
"Lifts his eyes to idols" signifies idolatry, a recurring sin that led Israel away from God. The Hebrew word for "idols" (גִּלּוּלִים, gillulim) often denotes detestable or worthless things. In the historical context, idolatry was not merely the worship of physical objects but a turning away from the covenant relationship with Yahweh. This phrase serves as a warning against placing anything above God in one's life, reminding believers of the call to exclusive devotion to the Lord.

commits abominations
The phrase "commits abominations" encompasses a range of sinful behaviors that are detestable to God. The Hebrew word תּוֹעֵבָה (to'evah) is often used to describe practices that are morally and ritually repugnant, such as idolatry and sexual immorality. In the context of Ezekiel, these abominations contributed to the spiritual and moral decline of the nation. This phrase calls believers to pursue holiness and to reject practices that are contrary to God's will, emphasizing the need for repentance and a return to righteous living.

He lends at interest and takes a profit
In the Hebrew context, the practice of lending at interest, or "usury," was often condemned, especially when it exploited the poor or vulnerable. The Hebrew word for interest, "נֶשֶׁךְ" (neshek), implies a biting or oppressive nature. In ancient Israel, the Law given through Moses prohibited Israelites from charging interest to their fellow countrymen (Exodus 22:25, Leviticus 25:36-37). This prohibition was rooted in the community's covenant relationship with God, emphasizing justice, mercy, and care for one another. The phrase highlights a violation of these principles, suggesting a heart that prioritizes personal gain over communal well-being.

Will he live? He will not!
This rhetorical question and emphatic answer underscore the seriousness of the sin. The Hebrew word for "live," "חָיָה" (chayah), often implies not just physical life but a life in right standing with God. The negative response, "He will not," serves as a divine judgment, indicating that such actions sever one's relationship with God, leading to spiritual and, ultimately, physical death. This reflects the biblical principle that sin leads to death (Romans 6:23), emphasizing the need for repentance and alignment with God's statutes.

Since he has committed all these abominations
The term "abominations," from the Hebrew "תּוֹעֵבָה" (to'evah), refers to actions that are detestable or repulsive to God. In the biblical context, abominations often include idolatry, injustice, and moral corruption. This phrase suggests a pattern of behavior that is not isolated but habitual, reflecting a heart turned away from God. The use of "all these" indicates a comprehensive rejection of God's laws, highlighting the gravity of the individual's rebellion.

he will surely die
The certainty of the phrase "he will surely die" is emphasized in the Hebrew construction, which uses the infinitive absolute form to stress the inevitability of the outcome. This reflects the biblical principle of divine justice, where persistent sin without repentance leads to death. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of living in opposition to God's commands, urging the reader to consider the seriousness of their actions and the state of their heart before God.

his blood will be on his own head
This phrase is a Hebrew idiom indicating personal responsibility for one's actions. The imagery of "blood" signifies guilt and the consequences of sin. In ancient Israel, this expression was used in legal contexts to denote that an individual bears the full weight of their wrongdoing (2 Samuel 1:16). It underscores the biblical teaching that each person is accountable to God for their actions (Romans 14:12). This serves as a call to personal responsibility and the importance of living a life that aligns with God's righteous standards.

Now suppose this son
The phrase "Now suppose this son" introduces a hypothetical scenario, inviting the reader to consider a specific case. In Hebrew, the word for "son" is "בֵּן" (ben), which is a common term used throughout the Old Testament to denote a male descendant. This introduction sets the stage for a discussion on individual responsibility, a key theme in Ezekiel 18. The context here is crucial, as it emphasizes the generational aspect of sin and righteousness, challenging the prevailing belief that children are automatically bound by the sins of their parents.

has a son
The continuation "has a son" further extends the generational line, emphasizing the continuity of family and the potential for change within it. This phrase underscores the idea that each generation has the opportunity to make its own choices, independent of the past. In the ancient Near Eastern context, family lineage was significant, often determining one's social and spiritual standing. However, Ezekiel is highlighting a radical departure from this norm, suggesting that divine judgment is based on personal conduct rather than ancestral actions.

who sees all the sins his father has committed
The phrase "who sees all the sins his father has committed" indicates awareness and acknowledgment of the father's actions. The Hebrew verb "רָאָה" (ra'ah) means "to see" or "to perceive," suggesting not just physical sight but also understanding and discernment. This implies that the son is not ignorant of his father's sins; he is fully aware of them. The historical context here is important, as it reflects the reality of Israel's exile, where the consequences of previous generations' sins were evident. Yet, the emphasis is on the son's ability to recognize these sins and learn from them.

considers them
The phrase "considers them" involves a deliberate and thoughtful evaluation. The Hebrew root "בִּין" (bin) means "to understand" or "to discern," indicating a process of reflection and judgment. This suggests that the son is not passively observing but actively engaging with the moral implications of his father's actions. In a broader scriptural context, this aligns with the wisdom literature's call to seek understanding and make wise choices. It highlights the importance of personal reflection in the pursuit of righteousness.

and does not do likewise
Finally, "and does not do likewise" is a decisive statement of action, or rather, inaction in terms of sin. The Hebrew phrase "וְלֹא עָשָׂה כֵן" (velo asah ken) translates to "and does not do so," emphasizing the son's conscious decision to break the cycle of sin. This is a powerful declaration of personal responsibility and moral agency. In the conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief in free will and the possibility of redemption and transformation through personal choice. It serves as an inspirational reminder that, regardless of one's background or family history, each individual has the power to choose righteousness and align with God's will.

He does not eat at the mountain
In ancient Israel, "eating at the mountain" refers to participating in pagan rituals and feasts held at high places, which were often sites of idol worship. The Hebrew word for "mountain" (הַר, har) can symbolize places of false worship. This phrase underscores the importance of fidelity to God, rejecting syncretism, and maintaining purity in worship. Historically, high places were a persistent temptation for Israel, drawing them away from exclusive devotion to Yahweh. This phrase calls believers to examine their own lives for any practices or beliefs that might compromise their faith.

or look to the idols of the house of Israel
The phrase "look to the idols" involves the Hebrew verb נָבַט (nabat), meaning to regard or pay attention to. This indicates not just physical sight but a turning of the heart and allegiance. The "idols of the house of Israel" were often syncretistic adaptations of Canaanite deities, which led Israel astray. This highlights the danger of idolatry, which is not merely the worship of physical idols but can also be anything that takes precedence over God in one's life. The historical context reminds us of the constant struggle Israel faced in maintaining their covenant relationship with God amidst surrounding pagan influences.

He does not defile his neighbor’s wife
The term "defile" (טָמֵא, tame) in Hebrew conveys the idea of making something unclean or impure. This phrase emphasizes the sanctity of marriage and the moral law given by God. Adultery is not just a sin against another person but a violation of God's holy standard. In the historical context of Israel, maintaining purity in relationships was crucial for the community's spiritual health. This phrase serves as a reminder of the importance of fidelity and integrity in personal relationships, reflecting God's covenantal faithfulness to His people.

He does not oppress another
The Hebrew word for "oppress" is "עָשַׁק" (ashaq), which conveys the idea of exploiting or taking advantage of someone, often through force or deceit. In the historical context of ancient Israel, oppression was a common issue, especially among the poor and marginalized. This phrase emphasizes the righteous behavior of the individual who refrains from using power unjustly. It reflects God's justice and compassion, urging believers to treat others with fairness and kindness, aligning with the broader biblical mandate to love one's neighbor.

but restores the pledge to the debtor
The concept of "restoring the pledge" refers to returning a collateral taken from someone who owes a debt. In ancient Israel, it was common to take a garment or other personal item as a pledge. The Hebrew word "חָבֹל" (chabol) means to take a pledge or to bind. The Law of Moses instructed that such pledges should be returned by sunset (Exodus 22:26-27), ensuring that the debtor was not left without essential items. This phrase highlights the importance of mercy and justice, encouraging believers to act with integrity and compassion, especially towards those in vulnerable positions.

he does not commit robbery
The Hebrew term "גָּזַל" (gazal) means to seize or take by force. Robbery was a direct violation of the commandment "You shall not steal" (Exodus 20:15). This phrase underscores the moral integrity expected of God's people, who are called to respect the property and rights of others. It serves as a reminder that true righteousness involves not only refraining from wrongdoing but actively pursuing justice and fairness.

but gives his bread to the hungry
The act of giving bread to the hungry is a tangible expression of charity and compassion. The Hebrew word "לֶחֶם" (lechem) for "bread" is often used to represent sustenance or basic needs. This phrase reflects the biblical principle of caring for the needy, as seen in passages like Isaiah 58:7, which calls for sharing food with the hungry. It challenges believers to be generous and selfless, embodying the love and provision of God to those in need.

and covers the naked with clothing
Clothing the naked is another act of mercy and kindness, emphasizing the importance of meeting the basic needs of others. The Hebrew word "כָּסָה" (kasah) means to cover or clothe. This phrase aligns with the biblical call to protect and provide for the vulnerable, as seen in Job 31:19-20, where Job defends his righteousness by recounting how he clothed the needy. It serves as an inspiration for believers to actively engage in acts of service and compassion, reflecting God's care and provision for all His creation.

He withholds his hand from harming the poor
This phrase emphasizes the moral and ethical responsibility of an individual to protect and support the vulnerable in society. The Hebrew root for "withholds" (חָשַׂךְ, chasak) implies restraint and self-control, suggesting a conscious decision to refrain from actions that could harm others. In the historical context of ancient Israel, the poor were often marginalized and exploited. This directive aligns with the broader biblical mandate to care for the needy, as seen in Deuteronomy 15:11, where God commands His people to be open-handed toward the poor.

and takes no interest or profit
The prohibition against charging interest on loans to fellow Israelites is rooted in the Hebrew word "נֶשֶׁךְ" (neshek), meaning "interest" or "usury." This reflects a divine principle of fairness and compassion, ensuring that financial transactions do not become a means of oppression. In the ancient Near Eastern context, charging excessive interest was a common practice that could lead to severe poverty and servitude. By forbidding this, God underscores His desire for economic justice and community solidarity.

He keeps My ordinances and follows My statutes
The terms "ordinances" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) and "statutes" (חֻקָּה, chuqqah) refer to God's laws and decrees. "Keeps" (שָׁמַר, shamar) implies diligent observance and protection of these divine commands. This phrase highlights the importance of obedience to God's revealed will as a demonstration of faithfulness. Historically, the Israelites were called to be a holy nation, set apart by their adherence to God's laws, which were designed to reflect His character and promote justice, mercy, and humility.

He will not die for his father's iniquity
This statement addresses the principle of individual responsibility, a significant theme in Ezekiel 18. The Hebrew word for "iniquity" (עָוֹן, avon) denotes guilt or sin. In contrast to the prevailing belief that children could suffer for their parents' sins, this verse affirms that each person is accountable for their own actions. This reflects a shift from collective to personal responsibility, emphasizing God's justice and fairness.

He will surely live
The promise of life is a powerful affirmation of God's grace and mercy. The Hebrew phrase "חָיֹה יִחְיֶה" (chayah yichyeh) is emphatic, underscoring the certainty of this promise. In the biblical context, "life" often signifies not just physical existence but a state of blessing, peace, and relationship with God. This assurance of life for those who follow God's ways serves as an encouragement to pursue righteousness and trust in His just and compassionate nature.

As for his father
This phrase introduces the subject of the verse, focusing on the generational aspect of sin and responsibility. In the Hebrew context, the term for "father" (אָב, 'av) often signifies not just a biological parent but an ancestor or a patriarchal figure. The emphasis here is on personal accountability, a recurring theme in Ezekiel, where each individual is responsible for their own actions, regardless of their lineage.

he will die
The Hebrew word for "die" (מוּת, muth) is a straightforward term for physical death, but in the prophetic literature, it often carries a deeper spiritual implication. Death here is not just the cessation of life but a consequence of sin, reflecting the divine justice of God. This underscores the principle that sin leads to death, a theme echoed throughout Scripture, notably in Romans 6:23.

for his own iniquity
"Iniquity" (עָוֹן, avon) refers to moral perversity or guilt. The phrase emphasizes personal responsibility for one's sins. In the historical context of Israel, this was a radical departure from the belief that children bore the punishment for their parents' sins. Ezekiel's message is clear: each person stands before God accountable for their own actions.

because he practiced extortion
The term "extortion" (עָשַׁק, ashaq) involves oppression or unjust gain, often through violence or deceit. In ancient Israel, such practices were condemned as they violated the covenantal laws of justice and righteousness. This highlights the social dimension of sin, where personal iniquity has communal repercussions, disrupting the harmony and justice God intended for His people.

robbed his brother
"Robbed" (גָּזַל, gazal) implies taking by force or deceit. The use of "brother" (אָח, ach) here is significant, as it denotes not just a familial relationship but a fellow member of the covenant community. This act of robbery is not just a personal sin but a breach of the communal trust and solidarity that God commanded among His people.

and did what was wrong
The phrase "did what was wrong" (עָשָׂה לֹא טוֹב, asah lo tov) is a general expression for committing evil or unrighteous acts. In the Hebrew mindset, "good" (טוֹב, tov) is aligned with God's will and order, while "not good" signifies rebellion against divine law. This highlights the moral and ethical dimensions of sin, where actions contrary to God's nature are deemed wrong.

among his people
This phrase situates the father's actions within the community context. The Hebrew term for "people" (עַם, am) refers to the collective identity of Israel as God's chosen nation. The sins committed are not in isolation but affect the entire community, emphasizing the interconnectedness of individual actions and communal well-being. This serves as a reminder of the covenantal responsibility each member has to uphold God's standards within the community.

Yet you may ask
This phrase introduces a rhetorical question, indicating a common objection or misunderstanding among the people. In the Hebrew text, the word "ask" (תֹּאמְרוּ) suggests a dialogue or challenge to divine justice. Historically, this reflects the Israelites' struggle with the concept of individual responsibility versus collective punishment, a theme prevalent in the exilic period when Ezekiel prophesied.

‘Why should the son not bear the iniquity of the father?’
This question addresses a prevalent belief in ancient Near Eastern cultures, including Israel, where familial or generational punishment was common. The Hebrew word for "iniquity" (עָוֹן) implies guilt or sin. Theologically, this challenges the notion of inherited guilt, emphasizing personal accountability. This reflects a shift from collective to individual responsibility, aligning with the broader biblical narrative of personal repentance and redemption.

Since the son has done what is just and right
The phrase underscores the importance of personal righteousness. The Hebrew words for "just" (מִשְׁפָּט) and "right" (צְדָקָה) denote legal and moral correctness. This highlights the biblical principle that each person is judged by their own actions, a revolutionary idea in a time when family and tribal identity often dictated one's fate. It emphasizes God's fairness and the possibility of redemption through righteous living.

and has been careful to keep all My statutes
This part of the verse stresses the importance of obedience to God's laws. The Hebrew word for "careful" (שָׁמַר) implies diligent observance and protection of the commandments. "Statutes" (חֻקּוֹתַי) refers to the decrees given by God, underscoring the covenant relationship between God and His people. This reflects the biblical theme that true life and blessing come from adherence to God's will.

he will surely live
The promise of life is a central theme in Ezekiel's message. The Hebrew phrase (חָיֹה יִחְיֶה) is emphatic, assuring that the individual who lives righteously will experience life, both physically and spiritually. This assurance of life contrasts with the death that comes from sin, reinforcing the hope and renewal available through repentance and obedience. It reflects the heart of the Gospel message: that through Christ, we are offered eternal life.

The soul who sins is the one who will die
The word "soul" in Hebrew is "nephesh," which refers to the living being, the essence of life. This phrase emphasizes personal responsibility, a key theme in Ezekiel's message. In the ancient Near Eastern context, communal and generational punishment was common, but here, God is establishing a principle of individual accountability. The phrase "will die" underscores the spiritual and physical consequences of sin, aligning with the broader biblical narrative that sin leads to death (Romans 6:23).

A son will not bear the iniquity of his father
The Hebrew word for "iniquity" is "avon," which denotes guilt or the consequences of sin. This phrase challenges the prevailing belief in generational curses, as seen in Exodus 20:5, where God visits "the iniquity of the fathers on the children." Ezekiel clarifies that each person is responsible for their own sin, reflecting a shift towards individual moral responsibility. This is a profound declaration of justice and fairness in God's dealings with humanity.

and a father will not bear the iniquity of his son
This reiteration reinforces the principle of personal accountability. In a patriarchal society where family honor and shame were collective, this statement is revolutionary. It liberates individuals from the burden of their ancestors' sins, emphasizing that each person stands alone before God. This aligns with the New Testament teaching that each will give an account of themselves to God (Romans 14:12).

The righteousness of the righteous man will fall upon him
"Righteousness" in Hebrew is "tsedaqah," which implies justice, rightness, and ethical conduct. This phrase assures that the rewards of righteousness are personal and not transferable. It highlights God's justice and the importance of living a life aligned with His commandments. The imagery of righteousness "falling upon" the individual suggests a divine bestowal of blessing and favor.

and the wickedness of the wicked man will fall upon him
"Wickedness" is translated from the Hebrew word "rasha," indicating moral wrongness or guilt. This phrase serves as a warning that the consequences of wickedness are also personal. It underscores the biblical principle of sowing and reaping (Galatians 6:7), where one's actions determine their outcomes. This reinforces the theme of divine justice, where each person is judged according to their deeds.

But if the wicked man turns
The Hebrew word for "turns" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to return or repent. This concept of turning is central to the biblical theme of repentance. It implies a complete change of direction, a conscious decision to abandon sinful ways and return to God. In the historical context of Israel, this call to repentance was a recurring theme as the prophets urged the people to return to the covenantal relationship with Yahweh. The emphasis here is on the possibility of redemption and transformation, highlighting God's mercy and willingness to forgive those who genuinely repent.

from all the sins he has committed
The phrase underscores the comprehensive nature of repentance. It is not selective but involves turning away from "all" sins. The Hebrew word for "sins" is "חַטָּאָה" (chatta'ah), which refers to offenses against God's law. This reflects the biblical understanding that sin is a serious breach of divine law, requiring sincere repentance. Historically, Israel's repeated failure to uphold the law led to exile, but God's promise of restoration was always contingent upon genuine repentance.

keeps all My statutes
The word "keeps" is derived from the Hebrew "שָׁמַר" (shamar), meaning to guard, observe, or give heed. This implies a diligent and careful adherence to God's commandments. The term "statutes" refers to "חֻקָּה" (chuqqah), which are decrees or laws given by God. In the scriptural context, keeping God's statutes is a demonstration of faithfulness and obedience, essential for maintaining a covenant relationship with Him. This reflects the conservative Christian view that obedience to God's word is a vital aspect of a believer's life.

and does what is just and right
The Hebrew words for "just" and "right" are "מִשְׁפָּט" (mishpat) and "צְדָקָה" (tsedaqah), respectively. "Mishpat" refers to justice or judgment, while "tsedaqah" denotes righteousness or moral integrity. Together, they encapsulate the ethical and moral standards expected of God's people. In the historical context, these terms were often used by the prophets to call Israel back to social justice and personal righteousness. This aligns with the conservative Christian emphasis on living a life that reflects God's character and upholds His standards.

he will surely live; he will not die
The assurance "he will surely live" is a promise of life, both physically and spiritually. The Hebrew phrase "חָיֹה יִחְיֶה" (chayah yichyeh) emphasizes certainty and assurance. In contrast, "he will not die" underscores the avoidance of spiritual death, which is separation from God. This promise reflects the biblical principle that repentance and obedience lead to life, a theme echoed throughout Scripture. From a conservative Christian perspective, this verse highlights the hope and assurance of eternal life for those who turn to God in repentance and faith.

None of the transgressions he has committed
This phrase emphasizes the complete forgiveness and removal of past sins. The Hebrew word for "transgressions" is "פשע" (pesha), which refers to rebellion or willful sin. In the context of ancient Israel, transgressions were serious breaches of the covenant with God. The radical nature of this forgiveness highlights God's grace and mercy, offering a fresh start to those who repent. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's willingness to forgive and restore those who turn back to Him, as seen throughout the Old and New Testaments.

will be held against him
The Hebrew root here is "זכר" (zakar), meaning to remember or call to mind. In a legal sense, it implies that these sins will not be brought up or used against the individual in judgment. This is a powerful assurance of divine pardon, illustrating that God’s forgiveness is not partial or temporary but complete and enduring. It aligns with the New Testament teaching in Hebrews 8:12, where God promises to remember sins no more.

Because of the righteousness he has practiced
The word "righteousness" is derived from the Hebrew "צדקה" (tsedaqah), which encompasses justice, rightness, and ethical conduct. This righteousness is not merely a passive state but involves active practice, indicating a lifestyle change and commitment to God's ways. The historical context of Ezekiel's audience, who were in exile due to their collective disobedience, underscores the call to individual responsibility and transformation. This anticipates the New Testament emphasis on living out one's faith through righteous deeds, as seen in James 2:17.

he will live
The promise of life here is both physical and spiritual. In the Hebrew context, "חיה" (chayah) means to live or to have life, often implying a life of blessing and peace under God's favor. This assurance of life contrasts with the death that sin brings, as outlined in Ezekiel 18:4. It points to the ultimate hope of eternal life found in the New Testament through Jesus Christ, who offers life abundantly (John 10:10). This promise of life is a central theme in Scripture, affirming that true life is found in a restored relationship with God.

Do I take any pleasure
The Hebrew word for "pleasure" here is "חֵפֶץ" (chephets), which conveys the idea of delight or desire. This word choice emphasizes God's character as one who does not delight in punishment or destruction. Instead, it reflects His compassionate nature, underscoring that His judgments are not arbitrary but are rooted in justice and mercy. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that God is love (1 John 4:8) and desires the well-being of His creation.

in the death of the wicked?
The term "wicked" is translated from the Hebrew word "רָשָׁע" (rasha), which refers to those who are morally wrong or guilty. The "death" mentioned here is not just physical death but also spiritual separation from God. This phrase highlights the gravity of sin and its consequences. However, it also reveals God's heart, which is not inclined towards the destruction of sinners but rather towards their redemption and restoration.

declares the Lord GOD
The phrase "declares the Lord GOD" is a solemn affirmation of divine authority. The Hebrew "נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה" (ne'um Adonai YHWH) is used to emphasize that this is not merely a prophet's opinion but a direct statement from the sovereign Creator. It underscores the reliability and seriousness of the message, inviting the audience to trust in God's righteous character and His ultimate authority over life and death.

Wouldn't I prefer
The rhetorical question here is a powerful literary device that invites reflection. The Hebrew root "חָפֵץ" (chaphets) is again used, reinforcing the idea of God's desire or preference. This repetition serves to emphasize that God's will is not for punishment but for repentance and life. It challenges the reader to consider God's true intentions and to align their understanding with His merciful nature.

he turn from his ways
The concept of "turning" is central to the biblical theme of repentance. The Hebrew word "שׁוּב" (shuv) means to return or to turn back. It implies a conscious decision to change direction, moving away from sin and towards God. This phrase highlights the possibility of transformation and renewal, affirming that no one is beyond the reach of God's grace if they choose to repent.

and live?
The word "live" is translated from the Hebrew "חָיָה" (chayah), which means to have life or to be restored to life. This is not just about physical existence but encompasses a full, abundant life in relationship with God. It reflects the ultimate goal of God's redemptive plan: to bring humanity into eternal life through repentance and faith. This phrase encapsulates the hope and promise of the gospel, that through turning to God, one can experience true life.

But if a righteous man
The phrase "righteous man" in Hebrew is "צַדִּיק" (tzaddik), which refers to someone who is just, lawful, and morally upright according to God's standards. In the context of ancient Israel, righteousness was not merely a legalistic adherence to the law but a relational fidelity to God. This sets the stage for understanding the gravity of turning away from such a state.

turns from his righteousness
The Hebrew word for "turns" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), meaning to turn back or return. This implies a deliberate action of moving away from a path of righteousness. In the biblical narrative, this turning away is often associated with a heart that has grown cold or rebellious against God, highlighting the importance of perseverance in faith.

and practices iniquity
"Iniquity" is translated from the Hebrew word "עָוֹן" (avon), which denotes guilt or sin, often with a sense of perversity or moral distortion. Practicing iniquity suggests a lifestyle or habitual engagement in actions that are contrary to God's will, emphasizing the seriousness of such a departure from righteousness.

committing the same abominations as the wicked
"Abominations" in Hebrew is "תּוֹעֵבָה" (to'evah), referring to actions that are detestable or loathsome to God. This phrase underscores the severity of the righteous man's fall, equating his actions with those of the wicked, who are often depicted in Scripture as being under God's judgment.

will he live?
This rhetorical question challenges the reader to consider the consequences of turning away from righteousness. In the biblical context, life is not merely physical existence but encompasses spiritual vitality and communion with God. The question implies that such a turning away jeopardizes one's spiritual life.

None of the righteous acts he did will be remembered
The Hebrew concept of "remembering" (זָכַר, zakar) often involves more than mental recall; it includes acting upon that memory. Here, it suggests that past righteous deeds are nullified by current unfaithfulness, emphasizing the need for ongoing faithfulness rather than relying on past merits.

because of the unfaithfulness and sin he has committed
"Unfaithfulness" (מַעַל, ma'al) conveys a breach of trust or betrayal, often used in the context of covenantal relationships. This highlights the relational aspect of sin, where turning away from righteousness is seen as a betrayal of the covenant with God.

He will die
Death in this context is not just physical but spiritual, representing separation from God, the source of life. This stark conclusion serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of apostasy and the importance of steadfastness in one's walk with God.

Yet you say
This phrase introduces a common objection from the people of Israel. The Hebrew root for "say" is "אָמַר" (amar), which often implies a declaration or assertion. Here, it reflects the people's audacity to question God's justice. Historically, this reflects a period when Israel was in exile, grappling with the consequences of their collective disobedience. The phrase challenges the reader to consider the human tendency to question divine justice when faced with adversity.

The way of the Lord
The "way" (דֶּרֶךְ, derek) signifies a path or manner of conduct. In biblical terms, it often refers to God's righteous and holy standards. The "way of the Lord" is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, emphasizing God's consistent and unchanging nature. This phrase invites reflection on the divine attributes of justice, mercy, and righteousness, which are foundational to God's interactions with humanity.

is not just
The Hebrew word for "just" is "תָּקֵן" (taqen), meaning straight or right. The accusation that God's way is "not just" reveals a misunderstanding of divine justice. From a conservative Christian perspective, this reflects humanity's limited understanding of God's perfect justice. It challenges believers to trust in God's wisdom and fairness, even when His ways are beyond human comprehension.

Hear now, O house of Israel
This imperative "hear" (שָׁמַע, shama) is a call to attention, urging the Israelites to listen and understand. The "house of Israel" refers to the collective people of God, emphasizing their identity and covenant relationship with Him. This call to listen is a reminder of the importance of heeding God's word and recognizing His authority.

Is My way unjust?
God's rhetorical question underscores His perfect justice. The Hebrew word for "unjust" here is "לֹא־יָשָׁר" (lo-yashar), meaning not upright or not right. This question challenges the Israelites to reflect on their understanding of justice and to recognize the righteousness inherent in God's ways. It serves as a reminder that God's perspective is infinitely higher than human judgment.

Is it not your ways that are unjust?
This concluding phrase turns the accusation back on the Israelites. The contrast between "My way" and "your ways" highlights the disparity between divine and human standards. The Hebrew root for "unjust" in this context is "עָוֶל" (avel), meaning iniquity or wrongdoing. This serves as a call to self-examination, urging believers to align their lives with God's righteous standards and to acknowledge their own failings.

When a righteous man
The phrase "When a righteous man" introduces the subject of the verse, focusing on an individual who is characterized by righteousness. In Hebrew, the word for "righteous" is "צַדִּיק" (tzaddik), which implies someone who is just, lawful, and adheres to God's commandments. Historically, righteousness in the Old Testament context is not merely about legalistic adherence to the law but involves a relational fidelity to God. This sets the stage for understanding the gravity of the actions that follow.

turns from his righteousness
The phrase "turns from his righteousness" indicates a deliberate change in direction or behavior. The Hebrew root "שׁוּב" (shuv) means to turn back or return, often used in the context of repentance. However, here it is used in the negative sense, suggesting a departure from a life aligned with God's will. This highlights the concept of free will and the potential for moral failure, even among those who have previously lived righteously.

and practices iniquity
"Practices iniquity" describes the active engagement in sin. The Hebrew word for "iniquity" is "עָוֹן" (avon), which conveys a sense of perversity or moral distortion. This phrase underscores the seriousness of the righteous man's actions, as he not only turns away from righteousness but also embraces a lifestyle contrary to God's standards. It serves as a warning about the dangers of complacency and the ease with which one can fall into sin.

he will die for this
The consequence "he will die for this" is a stark reminder of the wages of sin. In the Hebrew context, death often signifies not just physical demise but also spiritual separation from God. This phrase emphasizes the justice of God, who holds individuals accountable for their actions. It reflects the biblical principle that sin leads to death, as seen in Romans 6:23, and serves as a sobering call to remain steadfast in righteousness.

it is because of the iniquity he has committed
The phrase "it is because of the iniquity he has committed" reiterates the cause-and-effect relationship between sin and its consequences. The Hebrew construction here emphasizes personal responsibility, indicating that the man's death is a direct result of his own choices. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that each person is accountable for their own actions, as seen in Ezekiel 18:20, which states that the soul who sins shall die. It serves as a reminder of the importance of personal integrity and the need for continual repentance and reliance on God's grace.

But if a wicked man
The phrase "wicked man" in Hebrew is "רָשָׁע" (rasha), which refers to someone who is morally wrong or guilty. In the context of ancient Israel, a "wicked man" would be someone who has turned away from God's laws and commandments. This highlights the universal human condition of sinfulness and the need for redemption. The use of "but if" introduces a conditional statement, emphasizing the possibility of change and the hope that even those who have strayed far from righteousness can find a path back to God.

turns away from the wickedness
The Hebrew word for "turns away" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to return or repent. This is a powerful concept in the Hebrew Bible, signifying a complete transformation of heart and mind. Repentance is not merely feeling sorry for one's sins but involves a decisive change in direction, moving away from sin and towards God. This turning away is a critical step in the process of redemption and is a central theme in the prophetic messages of the Old Testament.

he has committed
The phrase "he has committed" underscores personal responsibility for one's actions. In the biblical context, each individual is accountable for their own sins. This is a significant departure from the idea of collective guilt or punishment, which was common in ancient cultures. The emphasis here is on personal repentance and the possibility of individual redemption, which aligns with the broader biblical narrative of personal accountability before God.

and does what is just and right
The Hebrew words for "just" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) and "right" (צְדָקָה, tzedakah) refer to actions that are in accordance with God's laws and standards. "Mishpat" often relates to justice in legal terms, while "tzedakah" encompasses righteousness and ethical behavior. Together, they represent a holistic approach to living a life that honors God. This phrase emphasizes that true repentance is demonstrated through a change in behavior, aligning one's actions with divine principles.

he will save his life
The promise "he will save his life" is a profound assurance of God's mercy and grace. The Hebrew word for "save" is "חָיָה" (chayah), which means to live or to preserve life. This is not just a promise of physical survival but also of spiritual renewal and eternal life. In the conservative Christian perspective, this foreshadows the New Testament message of salvation through faith and repentance. It underscores the transformative power of God's grace, which offers redemption and new life to all who turn to Him in repentance and faith.

Because he considered
The Hebrew word for "considered" is "ra'ah," which means to see, perceive, or understand. This implies a deep, introspective reflection. In the context of Ezekiel, it suggests a moment of clarity and self-awareness where the individual recognizes their sinful actions. This is a pivotal moment in the spiritual journey, emphasizing the importance of self-examination and the acknowledgment of one's sins as the first step towards repentance and transformation.

and turned away
The phrase "turned away" is derived from the Hebrew "shub," meaning to return or repent. This is a powerful concept in the Hebrew Bible, signifying a complete change of direction. It is not merely about feeling remorse but involves a decisive action to abandon sinful behaviors and return to God's ways. This turning away is a demonstration of genuine repentance, which is central to the message of Ezekiel and the broader biblical narrative of redemption.

from all the transgressions
The term "transgressions" comes from the Hebrew "pesha," which refers to rebellion or sin. In the biblical context, transgressions are acts of defiance against God's law. The use of "all" underscores the comprehensive nature of repentance required. It is not selective but involves a total renunciation of all forms of sin, highlighting the thoroughness of the transformation God desires in His people.

he had committed
This phrase emphasizes personal responsibility. The Hebrew root "asah" means to do or make, indicating that these transgressions were actions taken by the individual. The verse underscores the biblical principle that each person is accountable for their own actions. It reflects the justice of God, who judges each person according to their deeds, but also His mercy, as He offers the opportunity for repentance and forgiveness.

he will surely live
The assurance "will surely live" is a promise of life, derived from the Hebrew "chayah," meaning to live or have life. In the context of Ezekiel, this is not just physical life but spiritual vitality and a restored relationship with God. It is a profound promise of hope and renewal, affirming that repentance leads to life. This reflects the heart of the Gospel message, where turning to God results in eternal life.

he will not die
The phrase "will not die" contrasts with the death that is the consequence of sin, as outlined in the broader biblical narrative. The Hebrew "muth" means to die or perish, and its negation here is a powerful declaration of God's grace. It assures the repentant sinner of deliverance from the ultimate penalty of sin, which is spiritual death. This promise is a testament to God's desire for all to come to repentance and live, as echoed throughout Scripture.

Yet the house of Israel says
This phrase highlights the collective voice of the Israelites, who are expressing their discontent and misunderstanding of God's ways. The Hebrew word for "house" (בֵּית, "beit") often signifies not just a physical dwelling but a family or lineage, indicating that this sentiment is widespread among the people. Historically, Israel had a pattern of questioning God's justice, especially during times of hardship or exile. This reflects a recurring theme in the Old Testament where the Israelites struggle with faithfulness and understanding God's righteousness.

The way of the Lord
The "way" (דֶּרֶךְ, "derekh") in Hebrew signifies a path or manner of life. In biblical terms, it often refers to God's commandments and His divine plan. The "way of the Lord" is a central theme throughout Scripture, emphasizing that God's path is one of righteousness and justice. The Israelites' claim that God's way is not just reveals their spiritual blindness and inability to see the broader picture of God's redemptive plan.

is not just
The Hebrew word for "just" (תָּכֵן, "takhen") can also mean balanced or fair. The accusation that God's way is not just is a serious charge, reflecting a deep misunderstanding of His character. In the context of Ezekiel, God is addressing the people's misconceptions and calling them to repentance. This phrase challenges believers to trust in God's perfect justice, even when it is beyond human comprehension.

But it is their way
Here, the focus shifts from God's way to the way of the Israelites. The contrast is stark, emphasizing that while they accuse God of injustice, it is actually their own actions and paths that are unjust. The Hebrew word for "their way" (דַּרְכָּם, "darkam") underscores the personal responsibility of each individual in their relationship with God. This serves as a reminder that self-examination and repentance are crucial in aligning oneself with God's righteous standards.

that is not just
Reiterating the concept of justice, this phrase underscores the moral and ethical failings of the Israelites. The repetition of the term "just" serves to highlight the irony of their accusation against God. Historically, Israel's disobedience and idolatry led to their downfall, illustrating the consequences of straying from God's path. This serves as a timeless warning to all believers about the dangers of self-righteousness and the importance of aligning one's life with God's will.

Therefore, house of Israel
The phrase "house of Israel" refers to the collective people of Israel, God's chosen nation. In Hebrew, "house" (בֵּית, bayit) often signifies a family or lineage, emphasizing the communal identity of Israel. Historically, Israel was a theocratic nation, meaning their identity was deeply intertwined with their covenant relationship with God. This address serves as a reminder of their unique calling and responsibility as God's people.

I will judge you
The Hebrew root for "judge" (שָׁפַט, shaphat) implies not only legal judgment but also governance and leadership. In the biblical context, God's judgment is both a declaration of justice and an invitation to return to righteousness. It reflects God's sovereign authority and His commitment to uphold His covenant with Israel. This judgment is not arbitrary but based on the moral and spiritual conduct of the people.

each one according to his ways
The phrase "according to his ways" underscores the principle of individual responsibility. The Hebrew word for "ways" (דֶּרֶךְ, derek) can mean a path or journey, symbolizing one's conduct or lifestyle. This highlights the biblical teaching that each person is accountable for their actions. It is a call to personal introspection and moral integrity, reminding believers that God sees and evaluates the heart and actions of each individual.

declares the Lord GOD
The use of "declares" (נְאֻם, ne'um) signifies a solemn pronouncement from God, emphasizing the authority and certainty of His words. "Lord GOD" (אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה, Adonai Yahweh) combines titles that reflect both God's sovereignty and His covenantal relationship with Israel. This dual title reinforces the seriousness of the message and the trustworthiness of God's promises and warnings.

Repent and turn from all your offenses
"Repent" (שׁוּב, shuv) in Hebrew means to return or turn back, indicating a complete change of direction. It is a call to abandon sinful behaviors and return to God. "Turn" (הָשִׁיבוּ, heshivu) further emphasizes the action of redirecting one's life. "Offenses" (פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם, pish'eikhem) refers to transgressions or rebellions against God's law. This call to repentance is central to the prophetic message, urging the people to realign their lives with God's will.

so that sin will not be your downfall
The word "downfall" (מִכְשׁוֹל, mikshol) can mean a stumbling block or obstacle. Sin, in this context, is portrayed as a barrier to a right relationship with God and a fulfilling life. The warning is clear: unrepented sin leads to spiritual and often physical ruin. This serves as a powerful reminder of the destructive nature of sin and the urgent need for repentance to avoid its consequences.

Cast away from yourselves
The phrase "cast away" comes from the Hebrew word "הַשְׁלִיכוּ" (hashlikhu), which means to throw or hurl away. This implies a decisive and forceful action, suggesting that the people of Israel are to actively and intentionally rid themselves of their sinful behaviors. In a spiritual sense, this is a call to repentance, urging believers to reject sin with determination and not merely passively avoid it. The act of casting away is a metaphor for the rejection of sin, emphasizing the need for a conscious and deliberate turning away from past wrongdoings.

all the transgressions you have committed
The term "transgressions" is derived from the Hebrew word "פְּשָׁעִים" (pesha'im), which refers to rebellious acts or offenses against God. This highlights the gravity of sin as not just a mistake but a willful rebellion against divine law. The use of "all" underscores the comprehensive nature of the repentance required; it is not enough to abandon some sins while clinging to others. The historical context here is significant, as Israel had repeatedly turned away from God, engaging in idolatry and injustice. This call is a reminder of the need for total and sincere repentance.

and fashion yourselves a new heart and a new spirit
The word "fashion" translates from the Hebrew "עֲשׂוּ" (asu), meaning to make or create. This suggests an active role in spiritual renewal, indicating that while God provides the means for transformation, individuals must participate in the process. The "new heart" and "new spirit" symbolize an inner transformation, a renewal of one's innermost being. Biblically, the heart is the center of will and emotion, while the spirit represents one's life force or attitude. This transformation is essential for aligning with God's will, as seen in the broader scriptural narrative where God desires a people who are inwardly righteous, not just outwardly compliant.

Why should you die, O house of Israel?
This rhetorical question serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of sin, which is spiritual death. The Hebrew word for "die" is "תָּמוּתוּ" (tamutu), indicating not just physical death but a separation from God. The "house of Israel" refers to the collective people of God, emphasizing communal responsibility and the impact of individual actions on the community. Historically, this reflects the period of exile and the consequences of Israel's persistent disobedience. Yet, the question also carries a tone of divine compassion and urgency, highlighting God's desire for His people to choose life through repentance and renewal. It is an invitation to embrace the life that God offers, turning away from the path that leads to destruction.

For I take no pleasure
The phrase "For I take no pleasure" reveals the compassionate and merciful nature of God. The Hebrew word used here is "חָפֵץ" (chafetz), which means to delight in or desire. This word choice emphasizes that God’s heart is not inclined towards punishment or destruction. Instead, His desire is for redemption and restoration. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that God is love (1 John 4:8) and desires all to come to repentance (2 Peter 3:9).

in anyone’s death
The term "anyone’s death" underscores the universality of God’s concern for all humanity. The Hebrew word for death, "מָוֶת" (mavet), signifies not just physical death but also spiritual separation from God. This phrase highlights that God’s desire is for all to experience life, both physically and spiritually. It reflects the biblical theme that God values life and has created humanity in His image (Genesis 1:27), intending for them to live in communion with Him.

declares the Lord GOD
The phrase "declares the Lord GOD" is a solemn affirmation of God’s authority and sovereignty. The Hebrew "נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה" (ne'um Adonai Yahweh) is a prophetic formula that underscores the certainty and seriousness of the statement. It reminds readers that these are not mere human words but the divine proclamation of the Creator, who has the ultimate authority over life and death.

So repent
The call to "repent" is central to the message of Ezekiel and the entire biblical narrative. The Hebrew word "שׁוּב" (shuv) means to turn back or return. It implies a complete transformation of heart and mind, a turning away from sin and a return to God. This call to repentance is a consistent theme throughout Scripture, emphasizing that God’s desire is for people to turn from their wicked ways and seek Him (Isaiah 55:7).

and live!
The concluding phrase "and live!" is both an invitation and a promise. The Hebrew word for live, "חָיָה" (chayah), signifies not just physical existence but a full, abundant life in relationship with God. This echoes the promise of life found throughout the Bible, such as in John 10:10, where Jesus declares His purpose to give life abundantly. It is a reminder that true life is found in repentance and reconciliation with God, leading to eternal life through faith in Him.