Ezekiel 18:12
New International Version
He oppresses the poor and needy. He commits robbery. He does not return what he took in pledge. He looks to the idols. He does detestable things.

New Living Translation
oppresses the poor and helpless, steals from debtors by refusing to let them redeem their security, worships idols, commits detestable sins,

English Standard Version
oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore the pledge, lifts up his eyes to the idols, commits abomination,

Berean Standard Bible
He oppresses the poor and needy; he commits robbery and does not restore a pledge. He lifts his eyes to idols; he commits abominations.

King James Bible
Hath oppressed the poor and needy, hath spoiled by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,

New King James Version
If he has oppressed the poor and needy, Robbed by violence, Not restored the pledge, Lifted his eyes to the idols, Or committed abomination;

New American Standard Bible
oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore a pledge, but raises his eyes to the idols and commits abomination,

NASB 1995
oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore a pledge, but lifts up his eyes to the idols and commits abomination,

NASB 1977
oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore a pledge, but lifts up his eyes to the idols, and commits abomination,

Legacy Standard Bible
he mistreats the afflicted and needy, commits robbery, does not return a pledge, but lifts up his eyes to the idols and does abominations;

Amplified Bible
oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore [to the debtor] his pledge, but raises his eyes to the idols, and commits repulsive acts,

Christian Standard Bible
and when he oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, and does not return collateral, and when he looks to the idols, commits detestable acts,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
and when he oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, and does not return collateral, and when he raises his eyes to the idols, commits detestable acts,

American Standard Version
hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,

Contemporary English Version
cheats the poor, and robs people. He keeps what is given to him as security for a loan. He worships idols, does disgusting things,

English Revised Version
hath wronged the poor and needy, hath spoiled by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,

GOD'S WORD® Translation
He oppresses the poor and needy. He robs. He doesn't return the security for a loan. He looks to idols for help. He does disgusting things.

Good News Translation
He cheats the poor, he robs, he keeps what a borrower gives him as security. He goes to pagan shrines, worships disgusting idols,

International Standard Version
oppresses the afflicted and the poor, robs others, doesn't return security for a debt, looks to idols, does detestable things,

Majority Standard Bible
He oppresses the poor and needy; he commits robbery and does not restore a pledge. He lifts his eyes to idols; he commits abominations.

NET Bible
oppresses the poor and the needy, commits robbery, does not give back what was given in pledge, prays to idols, performs abominable acts,

New Heart English Bible
has wronged the poor and needy, has taken by robbery, has not restored the pledge, and has lifted up his eyes to the idols, has committed abomination,

Webster's Bible Translation
Hath oppressed the poor and needy, hath stripped by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination.

World English Bible
has wronged the poor and needy, has taken by robbery, has not restored the pledge, and has lifted up his eyes to the idols, has committed abomination,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
He has oppressed the afflicted and needy, "" He has taken away plunder violently, "" He does not return a pledge, "" And he has lifted up his eyes to the idols, "" He has done abomination!

Young's Literal Translation
The afflicted and needy he hath oppressed, Plunder he hath taken violently away, A pledge he doth not return, And unto the idols he hath lifted up his eyes, Abomination he hath done!

Smith's Literal Translation
Oppressing the poor and needy, stripping off plunder, he will not turn back the pledge, and he lifted up his eyes to the blocks, doing abomination,
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
That grieveth the needy and the poor, that taketh away by violence, that restoreth not the pledge, and that lifteth up his eyes to idols, that committeth abomination:

Catholic Public Domain Version
who grieves the needy and the poor, who seizes with violence, who does not restore the collateral, and who lifts up his eyes to idols, committing abomination,

New American Bible
oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not give back a pledge, raises his eyes to idols, does abominable things,

New Revised Standard Version
oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore the pledge, lifts up his eyes to the idols, commits abomination,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Oppresses the poor and needy, extorts from his neighbor, restores not the pledge to its owner, lifts up his eyes to the idols, commits abomination,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Or he will cheat the poor or the afflicted or will oppress his neighbor or he will not return a security payment to its owners or lifts his eyes to idols or he will commit an abomination
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and has oppressed the poor and needy, and has committed robbery, and not restored a pledge, and has set his eyes upon idols, has wrought iniquities,

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Proverb about Israel
11though the father has done none of them: Indeed, the son eats at the mountain and defiles his neighbor’s wife. 12He oppresses the poor and needy; he commits robbery and does not restore a pledge. He lifts his eyes to idols; he commits abominations. 13He engages in usury and takes excess interest. Will this son live? He will not! Since he has committed all these abominations, he will surely die; his blood will be on his own head.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 24:16
Fathers shall not be put to death for their children, nor children for their fathers; each is to die for his own sin.

Jeremiah 31:29-30
“In those days, it will no longer be said: ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the children are set on edge.’ / Instead, each will die for his own iniquity. If anyone eats the sour grapes, his own teeth will be set on edge.

2 Kings 14:6
Yet he did not put the sons of the murderers to death, but acted according to what is written in the Book of the Law of Moses, where the LORD commanded: “Fathers must not be put to death for their children, and children must not be put to death for their fathers; each is to die for his own sin.”

Proverbs 28:24
He who robs his father or mother, saying, “It is not wrong,” is a companion to the man who destroys.

Isaiah 1:23
Your rulers are rebels, friends of thieves. They all love bribes and chasing after rewards. They do not defend the fatherless, and the plea of the widow never comes before them.

Micah 2:1-2
Woe to those who devise iniquity and plot evil on their beds! At morning’s light they accomplish it because the power is in their hands. / They covet fields and seize them; they take away houses. They deprive a man of his home, a fellow man of his inheritance.

Amos 2:6-8
This is what the LORD says: “For three transgressions of Israel, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they sell the righteous for silver and the needy for a pair of sandals. / They trample on the heads of the poor as on the dust of the earth; they push the needy out of their way. A man and his father have relations with the same girl and so profane My holy name. / They lie down beside every altar on garments taken in pledge. And in the house of their God, they drink wine obtained through fines.

Hosea 4:2
Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.

Leviticus 19:13
You must not defraud your neighbor or rob him. You must not withhold until morning the wages due a hired hand.

Exodus 22:21-24
You must not exploit or oppress a foreign resident, for you yourselves were foreigners in the land of Egypt. / You must not mistreat any widow or orphan. / If you do mistreat them, and they cry out to Me in distress, I will surely hear their cry. ...

Matthew 15:19
For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and slander.

Romans 1:29-32
They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips, / slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant, and boastful. They invent new forms of evil; they disobey their parents. / They are senseless, faithless, heartless, merciless. ...

1 Corinthians 6:9-10
Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts, / nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

Galatians 5:19-21
The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity, and debauchery; / idolatry and sorcery; hatred, discord, jealousy, and rage; rivalries, divisions, factions, / and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.

James 2:10-11
Whoever keeps the whole law but stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it. / For He who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” If you do not commit adultery, but do commit murder, you have become a lawbreaker.


Treasury of Scripture

Has oppressed the poor and needy, has spoiled by violence, has not restored the pledge, and has lifted up his eyes to the idols, has committed abomination,

oppressed

Ezekiel 18:7,16
And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment; …

Hosea 12:7
He is a merchant, the balances of deceit are in his hand: he loveth to oppress.

Amos 4:1
Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink.

hath committed

Ezekiel 18:6
And hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither hath defiled his neighbour's wife, neither hath come near to a menstruous woman,

Ezekiel 8:6,17
He said furthermore unto me, Son of man, seest thou what they do? even the great abominations that the house of Israel committeth here, that I should go far off from my sanctuary? but turn thee yet again, and thou shalt see greater abominations…

Leviticus 18:22,26-30
Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination…

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Abomination Afflicted Commits Committed Debt Detestable Exercised Eyes Force Idols Images Lifted Need Needy Oppressed Oppresses Pledge Plunder Poor Property Restore Restored Robbery Spoiled Stripped Violence Worship Wrong Wronged
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Abomination Afflicted Commits Committed Debt Detestable Exercised Eyes Force Idols Images Lifted Need Needy Oppressed Oppresses Pledge Plunder Poor Property Restore Restored Robbery Spoiled Stripped Violence Worship Wrong Wronged
Ezekiel 18
1. God defends his justice
31. and exhorts to repentance














He oppresses the poor and needy
The phrase "He oppresses the poor and needy" highlights a grave sin in the eyes of God, as the Hebrew word for "oppresses" (עָשַׁק, 'ashaq) conveys a sense of violence and exploitation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the poor and needy were often the most vulnerable members of society, lacking the means to defend themselves or seek justice. The Bible consistently calls for the protection and care of these individuals, reflecting God's heart for justice and mercy. This phrase serves as a reminder of the divine mandate to care for the less fortunate and to act justly in all dealings.

commits robbery
The act of "commits robbery" is condemned throughout Scripture, as it violates the commandment against stealing (Exodus 20:15). The Hebrew word used here, גָּזַל (gazal), implies taking by force or deceit. In the historical context of Ezekiel, such actions would disrupt the social fabric and lead to societal decay. This phrase underscores the importance of integrity and respect for others' property, aligning with the broader biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself.

does not restore a pledge
The phrase "does not restore a pledge" refers to the failure to return collateral taken for a loan, which was a serious offense in biblical law. The Hebrew term חָבֹל (chabol) indicates a breach of trust and covenant. In ancient Israel, the Law provided specific instructions for the treatment of pledges, emphasizing fairness and compassion (Exodus 22:26-27). This phrase highlights the importance of honoring commitments and acting with integrity, reflecting God's character and His desire for His people to live in righteousness.

lifts his eyes to idols
"Lifts his eyes to idols" signifies idolatry, a recurring sin that led Israel away from God. The Hebrew word for "idols" (גִּלּוּלִים, gillulim) often denotes detestable or worthless things. In the historical context, idolatry was not merely the worship of physical objects but a turning away from the covenant relationship with Yahweh. This phrase serves as a warning against placing anything above God in one's life, reminding believers of the call to exclusive devotion to the Lord.

commits abominations
The phrase "commits abominations" encompasses a range of sinful behaviors that are detestable to God. The Hebrew word תּוֹעֵבָה (to'evah) is often used to describe practices that are morally and ritually repugnant, such as idolatry and sexual immorality. In the context of Ezekiel, these abominations contributed to the spiritual and moral decline of the nation. This phrase calls believers to pursue holiness and to reject practices that are contrary to God's will, emphasizing the need for repentance and a return to righteous living.

Verse 12. - The word abomination probably covers the specific sin named in ver. 6, but not here.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
He oppresses
הוֹנָ֔ה (hō·w·nāh)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3238: To rage, be violent, to suppress, to maltreat

the poor
עָנִ֤י (‘ā·nî)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 6041: Poor, afflicted, humble

and needy,
וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ (wə·’eḇ·yō·wn)
Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 34: In want, needy, poor

he commits robbery
גְּזֵל֣וֹת (gə·zê·lō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 1500: Robbery, plunder

and does not
לֹ֣א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

restore
יָשִׁ֑יב (yā·šîḇ)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7725: To turn back, in, to retreat, again

a pledge.
חֲבֹ֖ל (ḥă·ḇōl)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2258: A pledge

He lifts
נָשָׂ֣א (nā·śā)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5375: To lift, carry, take

his eyes
עֵינָ֔יו (‘ê·nāw)
Noun - cdc | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5869: An eye, a fountain

to
וְאֶל־ (wə·’el-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

idols;
הַגִּלּוּלִים֙ (hag·gil·lū·lîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 1544: A log, an idol

he commits
עָשָֽׂה׃ (‘ā·śāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

abominations.
תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה (tō·w·‘ê·ḇāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8441: Something disgusting, an abhorrence, idolatry, an idol


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 18:12 Has wronged the poor and needy has (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 18:11
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