At this time
This phrase sets the stage for the events that are about to unfold, indicating a specific moment in the life and ministry of Jesus. The Greek word used here, "τότε" (tote), often signifies a particular point in time, suggesting that the events are part of a divine timeline. This reminds us of God's sovereignty and perfect timing in all things, as He orchestrates events for His glory and our good.

a man named Lazarus
The name "Lazarus" is derived from the Hebrew name "Eleazar," meaning "God has helped." This is significant as it foreshadows the miraculous help Lazarus will receive from Jesus. Lazarus is a beloved figure in the Gospel of John, representing those whom Jesus loves and cares for deeply. His account is a testament to the personal nature of Jesus' ministry and His compassion for individuals.

was sick
The Greek word for "sick" is "ἀσθενῶν" (asthenōn), which implies weakness or infirmity. This highlights the human condition of frailty and the need for divine intervention. In the broader biblical narrative, sickness often serves as a metaphor for spiritual weakness and the need for healing that only Jesus can provide. It sets the stage for the revelation of Jesus as the Resurrection and the Life.

He lived in Bethany
Bethany, a small village near Jerusalem, is significant in the Gospels as a place where Jesus found refuge and friendship. The name "Bethany" can mean "house of affliction" or "house of figs," reflecting both the struggles and the sustenance found there. Archaeological evidence places Bethany on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives, a location that underscores its proximity to Jerusalem and its role in Jesus' final days.

the village of Mary and her sister Martha
Mary and Martha are well-known figures in the Gospels, representing two different aspects of discipleship: contemplation and service. Their village, Bethany, becomes a backdrop for one of Jesus' most profound miracles. The mention of these women by name highlights their importance in Jesus' life and ministry, as well as the role of women in the early Christian community. Their faith and relationship with Jesus provide a model for believers, emphasizing the personal and relational nature of faith.

Mary
The name "Mary" is derived from the Hebrew "Miryam," which can mean "bitterness" or "beloved." In the New Testament, Mary of Bethany is a significant figure, known for her devotion to Jesus. Her actions in this verse foreshadow her later act of anointing Jesus, highlighting her deep faith and love for Him. Historically, Mary is often seen as a model of discipleship, demonstrating the importance of personal devotion and worship.

whose brother Lazarus was sick
The mention of Lazarus, whose name means "God has helped," sets the stage for the miraculous event of his resurrection. This phrase emphasizes the familial relationship, underscoring the personal nature of the impending miracle. Lazarus's sickness serves as a catalyst for revealing Jesus' power over life and death, reinforcing His divine authority.

was to anoint the Lord with perfume
The act of anointing with perfume is rich in cultural and religious significance. In ancient Jewish tradition, anointing was a sign of honor and consecration. The Greek word for "anoint" is "aleipho," which implies a ceremonial act. This anticipates Mary’s future act of anointing Jesus, symbolizing her recognition of His messianic role and foreshadowing His burial.

and wipe His feet with her hair
This phrase illustrates an act of profound humility and devotion. In the cultural context of the time, a woman's hair was considered her glory, and using it to wipe Jesus' feet signifies Mary's total surrender and reverence. The Greek word "ekmasso" for "wipe" suggests a thorough and intimate action, reflecting the depth of her love and worship.

So the sisters sent word to Jesus
This phrase introduces us to the sisters, Mary and Martha, who are deeply concerned about their brother Lazarus. The act of sending word to Jesus indicates their faith and trust in Him. In the cultural and historical context of the time, sending a message was a significant action, often involving a messenger traveling a considerable distance. This reflects the urgency and importance of their request. The Greek word for "sent" (ἀπέστειλαν, apesteilan) implies a deliberate and purposeful action, highlighting the sisters' belief in Jesus' ability to heal.

Lord
The use of "Lord" (Κύριε, Kyrie) is a title of respect and recognition of authority. In the Jewish context, it acknowledges Jesus' divine authority and power. This title is significant as it reflects the sisters' acknowledgment of Jesus not just as a teacher or healer, but as someone with divine authority. It is a term that conveys both reverence and a personal relationship, indicating their faith in His ability to intervene in their dire situation.

the one You love
This phrase is deeply personal and intimate. The Greek word for "love" here is "φιλεῖς" (phileis), which denotes a brotherly or affectionate love. It highlights the special relationship between Jesus and Lazarus. This is not just a casual acquaintance; it is a profound friendship. The use of this term underscores the emotional depth and personal connection Jesus had with Lazarus, which is a testament to His humanity and His capacity for deep, personal relationships.

is sick
The condition of Lazarus being "sick" (ἀσθενεῖ, asthenei) is the catalyst for the entire narrative. The Greek term used here can imply weakness or frailty, indicating a serious illness. This sets the stage for the miraculous event that follows. In the broader scriptural context, sickness often serves as an opportunity for God to demonstrate His power and glory. The mention of Lazarus' sickness is not just a statement of fact but a prelude to the revelation of Jesus' power over life and death.

When Jesus heard this
This phrase sets the stage for the divine response of Jesus to the news of Lazarus's illness. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούω" (akouo), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and perceiving. Jesus's hearing is not merely passive; it is active and discerning, indicating His divine awareness and intentionality in the situation. This highlights the omniscience of Christ, who is fully aware of the circumstances and the outcome, even before they unfold.

He said
The authority of Jesus is underscored in this phrase. The Greek word "λέγω" (lego) is used, which means to speak or to say. In the context of the Gospels, when Jesus speaks, His words carry divine authority and power. This is a reminder of the creative power of God's word, as seen in Genesis, where God speaks creation into existence. Jesus's words are not mere predictions but declarations of divine will and purpose.

This sickness will not end in death
Here, Jesus makes a profound statement about the nature and purpose of Lazarus's illness. The Greek word for "sickness" is "ἀσθένεια" (astheneia), which can also mean weakness or infirmity. Jesus is indicating that the ultimate outcome of this situation is not death, which in Greek is "θάνατος" (thanatos). This phrase foreshadows the miraculous resurrection of Lazarus and serves as a metaphor for the ultimate victory over death that Jesus Himself will achieve. It reassures believers that physical death is not the final word for those who are in Christ.

No, it is for the glory of God
This phrase reveals the divine purpose behind the events that are about to unfold. The Greek word for "glory" is "δόξα" (doxa), which refers to the honor, splendor, and majesty of God. Jesus is teaching that the trials and sufferings in life can serve a higher purpose, which is to reveal God's glory. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that God can use even the most difficult circumstances for His divine purposes and to manifest His presence and power.

so that the Son of God may be glorified through it
The phrase emphasizes the Christocentric focus of the Gospel of John. The title "Son of God" affirms the divinity of Jesus and His unique relationship with the Father. The Greek word "δοξάζω" (doxazo) is used for "glorified," which means to honor or magnify. The miracle of raising Lazarus from the dead is not just a demonstration of Jesus's power but a revelation of His divine identity and mission. It points to the ultimate glorification of Jesus through His death and resurrection, which is the cornerstone of Christian faith. This serves as an encouragement to believers that Jesus's work in their lives is ultimately for His glory and their good.

Now Jesus loved
The word "loved" here is translated from the Greek word "ἀγαπάω" (agapaō), which signifies a deep, selfless, and sacrificial love. This is the same root used in the famous John 3:16, indicating the profound nature of Jesus' affection. In the context of the Gospel of John, this love is not merely emotional but is demonstrated through action and truth. Jesus' love for Martha, Mary, and Lazarus is a reflection of His divine nature, emphasizing that His actions are motivated by genuine care and concern for individuals.

Martha
Martha is often remembered for her role in the account of Jesus visiting her home, where she was busy with preparations while her sister Mary sat at Jesus' feet (Luke 10:38-42). Her mention here highlights her importance in the narrative and her close relationship with Jesus. Historically, Martha represents the active, service-oriented aspect of faith, which is essential in the Christian life. Her inclusion in this verse underscores that Jesus' love extends to those who serve diligently, even when they may feel overlooked.

and her sister
The phrase "her sister" refers to Mary, who is often depicted as contemplative and devoted, sitting at Jesus' feet and listening to His teachings. This phrase connects the two sisters, showing that Jesus' love is not limited to one type of personality or role. It reflects the inclusivity of Jesus' ministry, where both action and contemplation are valued. The mention of "her sister" without a name here may also suggest the close-knit nature of the family and the communal aspect of Jesus' love.

and Lazarus
Lazarus, the brother of Martha and Mary, is central to the narrative of John 11, where Jesus raises him from the dead. His name, derived from the Hebrew "Eleazar," means "God has helped," which is prophetic of the miracle that Jesus performs. Lazarus' inclusion in this verse highlights the personal nature of Jesus' miracles and His power over life and death. The love Jesus has for Lazarus is not just a familial affection but also a divine love that transcends human limitations, pointing to the hope of resurrection and eternal life for all believers.

So on hearing
The phrase "So on hearing" indicates a direct response to the news Jesus received about Lazarus. In the Greek, the word for "hearing" is "ἀκούσας" (akousas), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and considering the implications of the message. This suggests that Jesus was fully aware of the situation and its gravity. In a broader scriptural context, this highlights Jesus' omniscience and His ability to perceive beyond the immediate circumstances, understanding the divine purpose behind every event.

that Lazarus was sick
The mention of "Lazarus" by name personalizes the narrative, emphasizing the close relationship between Jesus and Lazarus. The Greek word for "sick" is "ἀσθενεῖ" (asthenei), which can mean weak or feeble, indicating a serious condition. Historically, sickness was often seen as a sign of sin or divine displeasure, but Jesus' response challenges this notion, showing that illness can serve a greater purpose in God's plan. This sets the stage for the miraculous, underscoring the theme of Jesus as the life-giver.

He stayed where He was
The decision to "stay" is significant. The Greek word "ἔμεινεν" (emeinen) means to remain or abide, suggesting a deliberate choice rather than a passive action. This choice reflects Jesus' divine timing and purpose, which often transcends human understanding. In the historical context, this delay would have been perplexing to His disciples and those who knew of His power to heal. It serves as a reminder that God's timing is perfect, even when it seems contrary to human urgency.

for two days
The specific mention of "two days" is crucial. In Jewish tradition, the belief was that the soul lingered near the body for three days after death, hoping to return. By waiting two days, Jesus ensured that by the time He arrived, there would be no doubt that Lazarus was truly dead, setting the stage for a greater miracle. This period of waiting also tests the faith of those involved, illustrating that faith often requires patience and trust in God's greater plan.

Then after this
This phrase indicates a sequence of events, suggesting that what follows is a deliberate action taken by Jesus. The Greek word used here is "μετὰ τοῦτο" (meta touto), which implies a purposeful transition. In the context of John 11, Jesus had just received news of Lazarus's illness but chose to remain where He was for two more days. This delay was intentional, setting the stage for a greater demonstration of His power and glory. The phrase underscores the divine timing in Jesus' ministry, reminding us that God's plans unfold according to His perfect schedule, not ours.

He said to the disciples
This highlights the intimate relationship and communication between Jesus and His disciples. The Greek word for "said" is "λέγει" (legei), which is a present tense verb, indicating a continuous or repeated action. Jesus often used these moments to teach and prepare His disciples for future ministry. The disciples were not just followers but students and friends, entrusted with understanding and spreading His message. This phrase encourages believers to listen attentively to Jesus' teachings, as they are vital for spiritual growth and understanding.

Let us go
Here, Jesus includes His disciples in the mission, using the Greek word "ἄγωμεν" (agōmen), which is a first-person plural verb. This inclusion signifies the communal aspect of Jesus' ministry and the importance of fellowship in the Christian journey. Jesus does not act alone but involves His followers in His work, teaching them through experience. This phrase serves as a reminder that believers are called to participate actively in God's work, not as passive observers but as engaged participants in His mission.

back to Judea
The mention of "Judea" is significant, as it was a region where Jesus faced considerable opposition from the Jewish leaders. The Greek term "Ἰουδαίαν" (Ioudaian) refers to the geographical and cultural context of the Jewish people. Returning to Judea was a bold move, as it was fraught with danger, yet it was necessary for the fulfillment of Jesus' mission. This phrase highlights the courage and determination of Jesus to accomplish His Father's will, regardless of the risks involved. It serves as an inspiration for believers to follow Christ's example of obedience and bravery in the face of adversity.

But Rabbi
The term "Rabbi" is a respectful title meaning "teacher" or "master" in Hebrew. It reflects the disciples' recognition of Jesus' authority and their relationship with Him as their spiritual guide. In the Jewish tradition, a Rabbi was someone who had deep knowledge of the Scriptures and was entrusted with teaching and interpreting the law. This acknowledgment by the disciples underscores their respect and trust in Jesus, even as they express concern for His safety.

they replied
This phrase indicates a response from the disciples, showing their active engagement and concern. The Greek word used here, "λέγουσιν" (legousin), implies a dialogue, a back-and-forth communication. It highlights the disciples' role not just as followers but as participants in Jesus' ministry, who are attentive and responsive to His actions and teachings.

a short time ago
This phrase refers to a recent event, emphasizing the immediacy and relevance of past threats. The Greek "νῦν" (nun) can mean "now" or "recently," suggesting that the memory of the danger is still fresh in the disciples' minds. This context is crucial as it sets the stage for understanding their apprehension about returning to a place of hostility.

the Jews tried to stone You
This statement recalls a specific incident where Jesus faced hostility from the Jewish leaders. The act of stoning was a traditional form of execution for blasphemy or severe transgressions according to Jewish law. Historically, this reflects the growing tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, who saw His teachings and claims as a threat to their established order. The disciples' reminder of this danger underscores their fear for Jesus' safety and their awareness of the risks involved in His mission.

and You are going back there?
This question reveals the disciples' incredulity and concern. The Greek construction here, "πάλιν ὑπάγεις ἐκεῖ" (palin hypageis ekei), emphasizes the repetition of action—going back to a place of danger. It reflects a natural human reaction to avoid harm, yet it also sets the stage for Jesus' demonstration of courage and commitment to His mission. This phrase challenges the reader to consider the cost of discipleship and the courage required to follow God's calling, even in the face of danger.

Jesus answered
This phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His role as a teacher and authority. The Greek word for "answered" is "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē), which implies a thoughtful and deliberate response. Jesus often used questions to provoke thought and reflection, guiding His listeners to deeper understanding.

Are there not twelve hours of daylight?
Here, Jesus uses a rhetorical question to illustrate a spiritual truth. The "twelve hours" refers to the typical division of daylight in a day, symbolizing a complete and sufficient period for work and activity. In the Jewish context, daylight was seen as a time for productivity and safety. This phrase suggests that there is a divinely appointed time for everything, echoing Ecclesiastes 3:1, "To everything there is a season."

If anyone walks during the day
Walking "during the day" symbolizes living in the light of God's truth and guidance. The Greek word for "walks" is "περιπατῇ" (peripatē), which can also mean to conduct one's life. This implies that living according to God's will provides clarity and direction, much like walking in the daylight.

he will not stumble
The assurance of not stumbling signifies spiritual security and stability. The Greek word "προσκόπτει" (proskoptei) means to strike against or trip. In a broader sense, it suggests that those who follow God's path are protected from spiritual pitfalls and moral failures.

because he sees by the light of this world
The "light of this world" refers to the natural light provided by the sun, but metaphorically, it points to Jesus Himself as the Light of the World (John 8:12). The Greek word for "light" is "φῶς" (phōs), which is often used in the New Testament to represent divine truth and revelation. This phrase underscores the idea that Jesus illuminates the path of righteousness, enabling believers to navigate life without falling into darkness.

But if anyone walks at night
The phrase "walks at night" is metaphorical, representing living or acting without the guidance of divine truth. In the Greek, "walks" (περιπατέω, peripateo) often signifies one's conduct or way of life. "Night" (νύξ, nux) symbolizes spiritual darkness or ignorance. Historically, night was a time of danger and uncertainty, lacking the safety and clarity provided by daylight. In a spiritual sense, this suggests that those who live without the light of Christ are prone to moral and spiritual missteps.

he will stumble
The term "stumble" (προσκόπτω, proskopto) in Greek implies falling into sin or error. In the physical world, stumbling is a result of not seeing obstacles clearly, which parallels the spiritual realm where lack of divine insight leads to moral failings. This imagery is consistent with the biblical theme that without God's guidance, humanity is prone to falter. The conservative Christian perspective emphasizes the necessity of Christ's light to navigate life's challenges without falling into sin.

because he has no light
"Light" (φῶς, phos) in the biblical context often represents truth, righteousness, and the presence of God. The absence of light signifies a lack of divine guidance and understanding. In the historical context of the Bible, light was essential for safety and direction, especially at night. Spiritually, this underscores the belief that Jesus is the "light of the world" (John 8:12), and without Him, one cannot see the path of righteousness. The conservative Christian view holds that Christ is the essential source of spiritual illumination, and without Him, one remains in darkness, unable to discern truth from falsehood.

After He had said this
This phrase indicates a continuation of a previous discourse. In the context of John 11, Jesus is speaking to His disciples. The Greek word for "after" is "meta," which often signifies a transition or a shift in focus. Here, it marks a pivotal moment where Jesus moves from teaching to action. Historically, this setting is just before Jesus performs one of His most significant miracles, the raising of Lazarus. This transition underscores the importance of His forthcoming actions as a demonstration of His divine authority.

He told them
The phrase "He told them" emphasizes the direct communication from Jesus to His disciples. The Greek verb "eipen" is used here, which is a form of "lego," meaning to speak or to say. This verb is often used in the Gospels to introduce important teachings or revelations from Jesus. The use of direct speech highlights the personal and intimate relationship Jesus has with His disciples, as well as the importance of the message He is about to convey.

Our friend Lazarus
The term "our friend" is significant, as it shows the personal connection and affection Jesus has for Lazarus. The Greek word "philos" is used for "friend," which denotes a beloved or dear one. This term is not used lightly and indicates a deep bond. Lazarus, along with his sisters Mary and Martha, were close to Jesus, and this relationship is well-documented in the Gospels. The use of "our" also includes the disciples in this relationship, suggesting a communal bond and shared concern.

has fallen asleep
The phrase "has fallen asleep" is a euphemism for death, commonly used in both Jewish and early Christian contexts. The Greek word "kekoimētai" is derived from "koimaō," meaning to sleep. This metaphorical use of sleep for death is found throughout Scripture, emphasizing the temporary nature of death for believers. It reflects the hope of resurrection and eternal life, a central tenet of Christian faith. This choice of words by Jesus is intentional, foreshadowing the miracle He is about to perform and the ultimate victory over death.

but I am going there
The phrase "but I am going there" indicates Jesus' intentionality and purpose. The Greek word "poreuomai" is used for "going," which implies a journey or mission. Jesus is not merely traveling; He is on a divine mission. This reflects His obedience to the Father's will and His commitment to His earthly ministry. Historically, this journey to Bethany, where Lazarus is, is fraught with danger, as it brings Jesus closer to Jerusalem and the impending crucifixion. Yet, Jesus' resolve underscores His dedication to His mission and His love for Lazarus.

to wake him up
The phrase "to wake him up" completes the metaphor of sleep, indicating Jesus' power over death. The Greek word "exypnizō" means to awaken or rouse from sleep. This action is not just a physical awakening but a spiritual one, symbolizing the resurrection power of Christ. In the broader scriptural context, this act prefigures Jesus' own resurrection and the promise of eternal life for all believers. It serves as a powerful testament to Jesus' divine authority and the hope of resurrection for all who believe in Him.

His disciples replied
The phrase "His disciples replied" indicates a direct response from the followers of Jesus. The Greek word for "disciples" is μαθηταί (mathētai), which means learners or students. This highlights the role of the disciples as those who are in a continuous process of learning from Jesus. Historically, discipleship in the Jewish context involved close, personal instruction and imitation of a teacher. The disciples' reply shows their engagement and concern, yet also their misunderstanding of Jesus' earlier statement about Lazarus.

Lord
The term "Lord" is translated from the Greek word κύριε (kurie), a title of respect and authority. In the context of the New Testament, it often denotes recognition of Jesus' divine authority and messianic role. The disciples' use of "Lord" here reflects their acknowledgment of Jesus' leadership and their trust in His wisdom, even as they grapple with the situation at hand.

if he is sleeping
The phrase "if he is sleeping" comes from the Greek word κοιμᾶται (koimatai), which can mean both natural sleep and metaphorically, death. In the Jewish tradition, sleep was often used as a euphemism for death, reflecting a belief in the eventual awakening or resurrection. The disciples interpret Jesus' words literally, thinking Lazarus is merely resting, which shows their limited understanding of the deeper spiritual truths Jesus often conveyed.

he will get better
The phrase "he will get better" reflects the disciples' practical and hopeful outlook. The Greek word σωθήσεται (sōthēsetai) is used here, which can mean to be saved or healed. This reflects a common belief that rest and sleep contribute to physical recovery. The disciples' statement reveals their hope for Lazarus' recovery through natural means, not yet grasping the miraculous power Jesus is about to demonstrate.

They thought
This phrase indicates a misunderstanding among the disciples. The Greek word used here is "ἐνόμισαν" (enomisan), which means "they supposed" or "they assumed." This highlights the human tendency to interpret spiritual truths through a limited, earthly perspective. The disciples, like many of us, often struggled to grasp the deeper meanings of Jesus' words, reminding us of the importance of seeking divine wisdom and understanding.

that He was speaking
The Greek verb "λέγει" (legei) is used here, meaning "He was saying" or "He was speaking." This emphasizes the active communication of Jesus. His words are not idle; they are purposeful and filled with meaning. Jesus often used parables and metaphors to convey spiritual truths, challenging His listeners to look beyond the surface.

about actual sleep
The term "actual sleep" refers to the Greek word "ὕπνου" (hypnou), which means "sleep." In the context of the New Testament, sleep is often used metaphorically to describe death, as seen in other scriptures (e.g., 1 Thessalonians 4:13-15). The disciples' interpretation of Jesus' words as literal sleep reflects their limited understanding of His power over life and death. This serves as a reminder of the hope and assurance believers have in Christ, who transforms death into a temporary state akin to sleep.

but He was speaking
The contrast introduced by "but" (δέ, de) signifies a shift from the disciples' misunderstanding to the true meaning of Jesus' words. The repetition of "He was speaking" underscores the clarity and intentionality of Jesus' message. Despite the disciples' confusion, Jesus patiently reveals the truth, demonstrating His role as the ultimate teacher and guide.

about the death of Lazarus
Here, "death" is translated from the Greek word "θάνατος" (thanatos), which signifies physical death. Lazarus' death is a pivotal moment in the Gospel of John, setting the stage for one of Jesus' most profound miracles—raising Lazarus from the dead. This event foreshadows Jesus' own resurrection and serves as a powerful testament to His authority over life and death. It also illustrates the transformative power of faith, as Jesus calls His followers to trust in His promises, even in the face of death.

So Jesus told them plainly
The phrase "told them plainly" is significant in understanding Jesus' communication style. The Greek word for "plainly" is "παρρησίᾳ" (parrēsia), which means openly, frankly, or without ambiguity. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often speaks in parables or metaphors, but here He chooses to speak directly. This directness underscores the gravity of the situation and the importance of the message. It reflects Jesus' desire for His disciples to fully grasp the reality of Lazarus's death, setting the stage for the miraculous demonstration of His power over life and death. This moment of clarity is crucial for the disciples' faith journey, as it prepares them for the revelation of Jesus as the resurrection and the life.

Lazarus is dead
The name "Lazarus" is derived from the Hebrew name Eleazar, meaning "God has helped." This is fitting, as the narrative of Lazarus's death and subsequent resurrection is a profound testament to divine intervention and the power of God through Jesus Christ. The stark declaration "is dead" serves as a pivotal moment in the Gospel. It is a reminder of the reality of death, a consequence of the Fall, and the ultimate enemy that Jesus came to conquer. In the historical and cultural context of first-century Judea, death was a deeply mourned event, often accompanied by rituals and communal grieving. By stating "Lazarus is dead," Jesus acknowledges the finality of death in human terms, yet it also sets the stage for the revelation of His divine authority over death. This statement is not just an announcement of physical death but a precursor to the demonstration of Jesus' power to bring life, offering hope and foreshadowing His own resurrection.

and for your sake
This phrase indicates Jesus' deep concern for His disciples' spiritual growth. The Greek word for "sake" here is "δι' ὑμᾶς" (di' humas), which emphasizes the purpose or benefit for the disciples. Jesus often used situations to teach and strengthen the faith of His followers. His actions were not random but intentional, aimed at deepening their understanding and trust in Him as the Messiah.

I am glad
The Greek word "χαίρω" (chairō) is used here, which means to rejoice or be glad. It might seem surprising that Jesus expresses gladness in the context of Lazarus's death. However, this gladness is not about the suffering but about the opportunity for a greater revelation of God's power and glory. Jesus sees beyond the immediate sorrow to the ultimate purpose of strengthening faith.

I was not there
Jesus' absence was deliberate. The Greek phrase "οὐκ ἤμην ἐκεῖ" (ouk ēmen ekei) suggests a purposeful decision. By not being present, Jesus allowed the situation to reach a point where His miraculous intervention would be unmistakable. This absence set the stage for a greater demonstration of His divine authority over life and death, reinforcing His identity as the Son of God.

so that you may believe
The purpose of Jesus' actions is clearly stated here. The Greek word "πιστεύω" (pisteuō) means to believe or have faith. Jesus' miracles were signs pointing to His divine nature and mission. This event was designed to deepen the disciples' faith, moving them from mere followers to believers who truly understood His power and purpose.

But let us go to him
This phrase marks a transition from teaching to action. The Greek "ἀλλὰ ἄγωμεν πρὸς αὐτόν" (alla agōmen pros auton) indicates a decisive move towards Lazarus. Jesus' willingness to go to Lazarus, despite the danger from those who opposed Him, demonstrates His commitment to His mission and His love for His friends. It also foreshadows His journey to the cross, where He would ultimately conquer death for all who believe.

Then Thomas
The name "Thomas" is derived from the Aramaic word "Te'oma," meaning "twin." In the Greek text, he is also referred to as "Didymus," which similarly means "twin." This dual naming emphasizes his identity and perhaps his internal duality, reflecting the struggle between faith and doubt that Thomas is famously known for. Thomas's character is often seen as a representation of the believer's journey, marked by moments of doubt and profound faith.

called Didymus
The use of "Didymus" underscores the cultural and linguistic context of the time, where individuals often had both a Hebrew or Aramaic name and a Greek name. This reflects the Hellenistic influence on Jewish culture during the period. It also highlights the universality of the Gospel message, reaching both Jewish and Gentile audiences.

said to his fellow disciples
This phrase indicates Thomas's role within the group of disciples. He is not isolated in his thoughts or actions but is part of a community. The term "fellow disciples" suggests a sense of camaraderie and shared mission among the followers of Jesus. It reminds us of the importance of community in the Christian faith, where believers support and encourage one another.

Let us also go
Here, Thomas exhibits a willingness to follow Jesus, even into dangerous circumstances. The phrase reflects a call to action and solidarity with Christ. It is a powerful testament to the commitment required of discipleship, where following Jesus may lead to personal sacrifice.

so that we may die with Him
This statement is profound in its expression of loyalty and courage. Thomas's words can be seen as both literal and metaphorical. Literally, he anticipates the potential danger of returning to Judea, where Jesus' life is threatened. Metaphorically, it speaks to the Christian call to die to self and live for Christ. Theologically, it foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus on the cross and the call for believers to take up their own crosses in following Him.

When Jesus arrived
This phrase marks a significant moment in the narrative, emphasizing the timing of Jesus' arrival. The Greek word for "arrived" is "ἦλθεν" (ēlthen), which implies a purposeful coming. Jesus' arrival is not accidental but divinely orchestrated. In the broader context of the Gospel of John, Jesus' movements are always intentional, reflecting His obedience to the Father's will. This arrival, though seemingly late, sets the stage for a greater revelation of His power over life and death, underscoring the theme of divine timing.

He found
The Greek word "εὗρεν" (heuren) suggests a discovery or realization. Jesus, in His omniscience, already knew the situation, yet the narrative presents it as a discovery to emphasize His human experience and empathy. This duality of Jesus' nature—fully God and fully man—is a cornerstone of Christian theology. His finding Lazarus in the tomb highlights His intimate involvement in human suffering and His readiness to intervene.

that Lazarus had already spent
The phrase indicates the duration of Lazarus' death, emphasizing the finality and hopelessness of the situation from a human perspective. The Greek word "ἤδη" (ēdē) for "already" underscores the elapsed time, reinforcing the belief that after three days, the soul was believed to have departed, making resurrection impossible by Jewish custom. This sets the stage for a miracle that defies human understanding and cultural beliefs.

four days
The specific mention of "four days" is crucial. In Jewish tradition, it was believed that the soul hovered around the body for three days, hoping to return. By the fourth day, decomposition would have set in, and all hope of resuscitation was gone. This detail amplifies the miraculous nature of what Jesus is about to do, proving His authority over death and His identity as the Resurrection and the Life.

in the tomb
The tomb, a place of finality and mourning, symbolizes the ultimate separation caused by death. In the historical context, tombs were often caves sealed with stones, representing the barrier between the living and the dead. Jesus' forthcoming action will not only roll away the physical stone but also the spiritual stone of unbelief, demonstrating His power to bring life from death. This foreshadows His own resurrection, where He will conquer the grave once and for all.

Now
The word "Now" serves as a transitional term, connecting the narrative of Lazarus's death and Jesus's journey to Bethany. It indicates a shift in the scene and prepares the reader for the unfolding events. In the Greek text, the word used is "δέ" (de), which often functions as a conjunction to introduce a new development or continuation in the story. This transition is crucial as it sets the stage for the miracle of raising Lazarus, emphasizing the immediacy and relevance of the events that are about to occur.

Bethany
Bethany is a significant location in the New Testament, known as the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus. The name "Bethany" is derived from the Hebrew "Beth Anya," meaning "house of affliction" or "house of figs." This village plays a pivotal role in Jesus's ministry, serving as a place of refuge and friendship. Archaeological evidence suggests that Bethany was a small, humble village, which underscores the humility and accessibility of Jesus's ministry. The choice of Bethany as the site for this miracle highlights the personal and relational aspect of Jesus's work.

was near Jerusalem
The phrase "was near Jerusalem" provides geographical context, indicating the proximity of Bethany to the religious and political center of Judaism. This closeness to Jerusalem is significant because it situates the miracle within the sphere of Jewish religious life and foreshadows the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities. The Greek term "ἐγγύς" (engys) means "near" or "close," emphasizing the physical closeness and the potential for news of the miracle to quickly reach Jerusalem, thereby impacting a larger audience.

a little less than two miles away
This phrase specifies the distance between Bethany and Jerusalem, described in the Greek text as "ὡς ἀπὸ σταδίων δεκαπέντε" (hōs apo stadiōn dekapente), which translates to "about fifteen stadia." A stadion was an ancient Greek unit of length, roughly equivalent to 600 feet or 185 meters. Thus, fifteen stadia is approximately 1.7 miles or 2.7 kilometers. This detail underscores the accessibility of Bethany to Jerusalem, making it a strategic location for Jesus's ministry. The proximity allowed for easy travel and communication, facilitating the spread of Jesus's teachings and the news of His miracles. This geographical note also highlights the urgency and immediacy of the events, as the miracle of raising Lazarus would soon become known to many in Jerusalem, setting the stage for the Passion Week.

and many of the Jews
The phrase "many of the Jews" indicates a significant number of people from the Jewish community. In the context of first-century Judea, this suggests a close-knit society where communal support was vital during times of mourning. The Greek word for "Jews" here is "Ἰουδαῖοι" (Ioudaioi), which can refer to the Jewish people in general or specifically to those living in Judea. Historically, this reflects the cultural and religious practices of the time, where mourning was a communal event, and the presence of many Jews underscores the importance of Lazarus and his family within their community.

had come to Martha and Mary
The action "had come" implies a deliberate movement towards Martha and Mary, indicating the community's active role in providing support. The Greek verb "ἦλθον" (ēlthon) is used here, suggesting a purposeful journey. Martha and Mary, sisters of Lazarus, are central figures in this narrative, and their mention highlights their prominence and the love and respect they commanded. This reflects the biblical theme of community and fellowship, where believers are called to bear one another's burdens (Galatians 6:2).

to console them
The purpose "to console them" reveals the compassionate intent of the visitors. The Greek word "παραμυθέομαι" (paramytheomai) means to comfort or encourage, emphasizing the emotional and spiritual support provided by the community. This act of consolation is deeply rooted in Jewish customs, where comforting the bereaved is a mitzvah (commandment) and a reflection of God's compassion. It serves as a reminder of the Christian call to be present for others in their time of need, embodying the love of Christ.

in the loss of their brother
The phrase "in the loss of their brother" specifies the reason for the gathering. The Greek word "πένθος" (penthos) for "loss" or "mourning" conveys a deep sense of grief and sorrow. Lazarus's death is not just a personal loss for Martha and Mary but a communal one, as evidenced by the many who came to mourn. This highlights the biblical understanding of death as a significant event that affects the entire community, pointing to the hope of resurrection and eternal life that Jesus later demonstrates in this chapter. The mention of "brother" underscores the familial bond and the personal nature of the grief, reminding believers of the importance of family and the promise of reunion in Christ.

So when Martha heard
The name "Martha" is derived from the Aramaic "Marta," meaning "lady" or "mistress." Martha is often depicted as a woman of action, and her immediate response upon hearing of Jesus' arrival is consistent with her character. In the cultural context of first-century Judea, women were typically expected to remain in the background, yet Martha's proactive nature is highlighted here. Her hearing of Jesus' approach signifies her attentiveness and readiness to engage with the Lord, reflecting a heart eager to seek Him even in times of distress.

that Jesus was coming
The Greek word for "coming" is "erchomai," which implies not just physical movement but also the arrival of someone significant. Jesus' coming is a pivotal moment, as it brings hope and the potential for miraculous intervention. In the broader scriptural narrative, Jesus' coming often signifies the breaking in of God's kingdom and the presence of divine power. Martha's awareness of His coming underscores the anticipation and reverence that His presence commands.

she went out to meet Him
Martha's action of going out to meet Jesus is significant. The Greek verb "hupantaō" suggests a deliberate and purposeful action. This reflects Martha's faith and determination to seek Jesus actively. In the cultural and historical context, going out to meet someone of importance was a sign of respect and urgency. Martha's initiative demonstrates her belief in Jesus' authority and her desire to bring her concerns directly to Him, embodying a model of faith that seeks the Lord earnestly.

but Mary remained seated in the house
The contrast between Martha and Mary is striking. Mary, whose name in Hebrew, "Miryam," can mean "beloved" or "rebellious," chooses to remain seated. The Greek word "kathezomai" for "seated" implies a state of rest or waiting. This could reflect a different aspect of faith, one that is contemplative and patient. In the scriptural context, Mary often represents a posture of devotion and reflection, as seen in other Gospel accounts. Her remaining in the house may symbolize a trust in Jesus' timing and a willingness to wait upon the Lord, offering a complementary perspective to Martha's active faith.

Martha said to Jesus
This phrase introduces us to Martha, a key figure in this narrative. Martha, the sister of Lazarus, is often depicted in the Gospels as a woman of action and practicality. Her approach to Jesus here is direct and personal, indicating a close relationship. The Greek name "Martha" is derived from the Aramaic "Marta," meaning "lady" or "mistress," suggesting her role as a leader in her household. Her interaction with Jesus reflects her faith and her understanding of His power, even in the face of her brother's death.

Lord
The term "Lord" (Greek: "Kyrios") is a title of respect and recognition of authority. In the New Testament, it is frequently used to address Jesus, acknowledging His divine authority and messianic role. Martha's use of "Lord" here is significant, as it demonstrates her belief in Jesus' power and her submission to His will, even amidst her grief.

if You had been here
This phrase reveals Martha's belief in Jesus' ability to heal and prevent death. It reflects a common human tendency to question and express regret over circumstances, yet it also shows her faith in Jesus' presence as a source of life and healing. The conditional "if" indicates her struggle with understanding why Jesus was not present to prevent her brother's death, a struggle that many believers can relate to when facing loss or unanswered prayers.

my brother would not have died
Martha's statement is a profound expression of faith in Jesus' power over life and death. It underscores her belief that Jesus could have healed Lazarus, affirming His miraculous abilities. This phrase also sets the stage for the subsequent revelation of Jesus as the "resurrection and the life" (John 11:25), highlighting the theme of Jesus' authority over death. Historically, this reflects the Jewish belief in the power of a prophet or holy man to intercede with God for healing, a belief that Martha applies to Jesus with confidence.

But even now
This phrase signifies a pivotal moment of faith and hope amidst despair. Martha, speaking to Jesus after the death of her brother Lazarus, expresses a profound belief that transcends the immediate circumstances. The Greek word for "now" (νῦν, nyn) indicates the present moment, emphasizing Martha's immediate and unwavering faith despite the apparent finality of death. This reflects a deep trust in Jesus' divine authority and power, suggesting that faith is not bound by time or situation.

I know
The Greek word used here is "οἶδα" (oida), which implies a deep, intuitive knowledge or understanding. Martha's statement is not merely intellectual assent but a heartfelt conviction. This knowledge is rooted in her personal relationship with Jesus and her understanding of His divine nature. It serves as a reminder that true faith is grounded in a personal and experiential knowledge of Christ, which provides assurance even in the face of uncertainty.

that God will give You
This phrase underscores the intimate relationship between Jesus and the Father. The Greek verb "δίδωμι" (didōmi) means "to give," indicating a willingness and readiness on God's part to respond to Jesus' requests. This reflects the unity and harmony within the Trinity, where the will of the Son aligns perfectly with the will of the Father. It also highlights the authority of Jesus as the Son of God, whose intercessions are always heard and granted by the Father.

whatever You ask of Him
The word "whatever" (ὅσα, hosa) signifies the limitless scope of Jesus' requests to the Father. This phrase illustrates the boundless power and authority of Jesus, who can ask for anything according to God's will. It also reflects the confidence that believers can have in Jesus' intercessory role. Historically, this moment foreshadows the resurrection of Lazarus, demonstrating that Jesus has authority over life and death. It serves as an encouragement for believers to trust in Jesus' power to intervene in any situation, no matter how dire it may seem.

Jesus said to her
This phrase highlights the personal and direct communication of Jesus with Martha. The Greek verb "eipen" (εἶπεν) is used here, indicating a definitive and authoritative statement. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often speaks with authority, reflecting His divine nature and mission. This personal interaction underscores the relational aspect of Jesus' ministry, emphasizing His compassion and understanding of human grief and suffering.

Your brother
The term "brother" (Greek: "adelphos," ἀδελφός) is significant in both familial and spiritual contexts. Lazarus, the brother of Martha and Mary, represents not only a familial bond but also the broader spiritual family of believers. In the early Christian community, the term "brother" was used to denote fellow believers, highlighting the unity and love that should characterize the body of Christ. This familial language reinforces the personal nature of Jesus' promise and His concern for individual lives.

will rise again
The phrase "will rise again" (Greek: "anastēsetai," ἀναστήσεται) is a powerful declaration of hope and resurrection. The verb "anastēsetai" is in the future tense, indicating a promise of what is to come. In the Jewish context of the time, there was a belief in the resurrection at the last day, as seen in Martha's response in the following verses. However, Jesus' statement points to both the immediate miracle He is about to perform and the ultimate resurrection hope for all believers. This promise is central to Christian eschatology, affirming the belief in life after death and the victory over sin and death through Jesus Christ.

Martha replied
Martha, the sister of Lazarus, is a figure of faith and practicality. Her response is rooted in her understanding of Jewish eschatology. The Greek word for "replied" is "λέγει" (legei), indicating a statement of belief or conviction. Martha's reply reflects her deep-seated faith in the teachings of the Pharisees, who believed in the resurrection of the dead, contrasting with the Sadducees who did not. Her response is not just a statement but a testament to her trust in Jesus' power and the promises of God.

I know
The Greek word "οἶδα" (oida) implies a knowledge that is certain and assured. Martha's use of "I know" indicates her confidence in the doctrine of resurrection. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but is deeply personal and experiential, reflecting her faith in the promises of God as revealed in the Scriptures. It is a declaration of her belief in the continuity of life beyond death, a cornerstone of Christian hope.

that he will rise again
The phrase "he will rise again" is a direct reference to the resurrection. The Greek verb "ἀναστήσεται" (anastēsetai) is in the future tense, indicating an event that is anticipated with certainty. This reflects the Jewish belief in a future resurrection, a hope that was prevalent among the Pharisees and is affirmed by Jesus in His teachings. Martha's statement is a proclamation of hope, rooted in the promises of God and the teachings of Jesus.

in the resurrection
The term "resurrection" comes from the Greek "ἀνάστασις" (anastasis), meaning a rising up or standing again. This concept is central to Christian eschatology and is a promise of new life and restoration. The resurrection is not just a return to life but a transformation into a glorified state. Martha's belief in the resurrection is a testament to her faith in God's power to bring life from death, a theme that is echoed throughout the New Testament.

at the last day
The phrase "at the last day" refers to the eschatological belief in a final day of judgment and resurrection. The "last day" is a concept found in Jewish apocalyptic literature and is affirmed by Jesus in His teachings. It signifies the culmination of history and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. Martha's reference to the "last day" reflects her understanding of God's timeline and her hope in the ultimate restoration of all things. This belief in the last day is a source of comfort and assurance for believers, affirming that death is not the end but a transition to eternal life with God.

Jesus said to her
This phrase introduces the speaker, Jesus, who is addressing Martha. The context is the death of Lazarus, Martha's brother. Jesus' words are a response to Martha's grief and her faith in Him. The Greek verb "eipen" (said) indicates a definitive and authoritative statement. Jesus, as the Son of God, speaks with divine authority, offering comfort and revelation. This moment is pivotal, as it sets the stage for the miracle of Lazarus's resurrection, demonstrating Jesus' power over life and death.

I am
The phrase "I am" (Greek: "Ego eimi") is significant in the Gospel of John, echoing the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, "I AM WHO I AM." This self-identification by Jesus is a profound declaration of His divinity. It asserts His eternal existence and His unity with God the Father. In the context of John's Gospel, the "I am" statements reveal different aspects of Jesus' divine nature and mission.

the resurrection
The Greek word for resurrection is "anastasis," meaning a rising up or standing again. Jesus identifies Himself as the source and power of resurrection. This is not merely a future event but a present reality embodied in Christ. By claiming to be the resurrection, Jesus asserts His authority over death, offering hope of eternal life to all who believe in Him. This statement is a cornerstone of Christian faith, affirming that through Jesus, death is not the end.

and the life
The Greek word for life is "zoe," which refers to both physical and spiritual life. Jesus is not only the resurrection but also the life itself. He is the source of all life, both now and eternally. This life is abundant and everlasting, transcending physical death. In Jesus, believers find true life, characterized by a relationship with God, filled with purpose and joy.

Whoever believes in Me
The Greek word for believe is "pisteuo," meaning to have faith or trust. This phrase emphasizes the necessity of personal faith in Jesus. Belief is not merely intellectual assent but involves trust and reliance on Jesus as Savior and Lord. This invitation is universal—"whoever" indicates that salvation is available to all who place their faith in Christ, regardless of background or status.

will live
The promise of life is central to Jesus' message. The Greek verb "zesetai" (will live) is in the future tense, indicating a certainty of life beyond physical death. This life is both a present reality and a future hope. Believers experience spiritual life now and the assurance of eternal life with God. This promise provides comfort and assurance, especially in the face of death.

even though he dies
This phrase acknowledges the reality of physical death but affirms that it is not the final word for believers. The Greek word "apothane" (dies) refers to physical death, which is a consequence of sin. However, through Jesus, death is transformed into a passage to eternal life. This assurance is a source of hope and strength, encouraging believers to live with confidence and peace, knowing that death has been conquered through Christ.

And everyone
This phrase emphasizes the universality of Jesus' promise. The Greek word for "everyone" is "πᾶς" (pas), which means all, every, or the whole. It signifies that the promise is not limited by ethnicity, social status, or past sins. In the historical context of Jesus' ministry, this was a radical inclusion, extending the hope of eternal life to all humanity, not just the Jewish people.

who lives
The Greek word "ζῶν" (zōn) is used here, which means to live or to be alive. This refers not only to physical life but also to a spiritual state of being alive in Christ. In the broader scriptural context, living in Christ implies a life transformed by faith, characterized by a relationship with God and a life led by the Holy Spirit.

and believes
The Greek term "πιστεύων" (pisteuōn) is used, meaning to have faith or to trust. Belief in this context is not mere intellectual assent but a deep, abiding trust in Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God. Historically, this belief was a cornerstone of the early Christian faith, distinguishing followers of Christ from other religious groups.

in Me
This phrase is central to the Christian faith, highlighting the object of belief—Jesus Himself. The preposition "in" (Greek "εἰς," eis) indicates a movement towards and a resting in Jesus. It underscores the personal relationship between the believer and Christ, which is foundational to the promise of eternal life.

will never die
The Greek phrase "οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ" (ou mē apothanē) is a strong negation, meaning "will certainly not die." This refers to spiritual death, as physical death is a reality for all. In the scriptural context, it promises eternal life, a life that transcends physical death, assured by Jesus' own resurrection.

Do you believe this?
This question is both personal and direct, inviting a response of faith. The Greek word "πιστεύεις" (pisteueis) is used, which is the second person singular form of "believe," making it a personal challenge to the listener. Historically, this question was posed to Martha, but it echoes through time to every reader of the Gospel, inviting them to affirm their faith in Jesus' promise of eternal life.

Yes, Lord
This phrase is a powerful affirmation of faith and recognition of Jesus' authority. The Greek word for "Yes" is "nai," which is a strong affirmation, indicating certainty and agreement. In the context of the Gospel of John, this acknowledgment is significant as it reflects Martha's unwavering belief in Jesus despite the circumstances. The term "Lord" is translated from the Greek "Kyrios," which denotes authority and divinity. Martha's use of "Lord" signifies her recognition of Jesus not just as a teacher or prophet, but as the divine Messiah, worthy of worship and obedience.

she answered
The phrase "she answered" indicates a response to a preceding question or statement. In the narrative, Martha is responding to Jesus' profound declaration about being the resurrection and the life. Her answer is not just a verbal response but a declaration of her faith. The act of answering in this context is an expression of personal conviction and belief, which is central to the Christian faith. It highlights the importance of personal confession and the role of individual faith in the broader narrative of salvation.

I believe
The Greek word for "believe" is "pisteuo," which means to have faith or trust. This is a central theme in the Gospel of John, where belief is not merely intellectual assent but involves trust and reliance on Jesus. Martha's declaration of belief is a testament to her faith in Jesus' identity and mission. It reflects the transformative power of faith, which is a cornerstone of Christian doctrine. Her belief is not passive but active, influencing her actions and perspective.

that You are the Christ
The term "Christ" comes from the Greek "Christos," meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This title is significant as it identifies Jesus as the long-awaited deliverer prophesied in the Old Testament. Martha's confession acknowledges Jesus as the fulfillment of these prophecies, the one who brings salvation and hope. This recognition is foundational to Christian theology, affirming Jesus' role as the Savior and Redeemer.

the Son of God
This title emphasizes the divine nature of Jesus. In the Jewish context, "Son of God" signifies a unique relationship with God, implying divinity and authority. Martha's use of this title reflects her understanding of Jesus' divine origin and mission. It is a profound acknowledgment of Jesus' identity, which is central to the Christian faith. This declaration aligns with the prologue of John's Gospel, which presents Jesus as the Word made flesh, fully divine and fully human.

who was to come into the world
This phrase echoes the messianic expectations of the Jewish people, who awaited a deliverer to come into the world. The Greek word "erchomenos" (to come) indicates an arrival with purpose and mission. Martha's statement reflects the fulfillment of these expectations in Jesus. It underscores the incarnation, the belief that God entered human history in the person of Jesus Christ. This coming into the world is not just a historical event but a transformative reality that offers hope and redemption to all who believe.

After she had said this
This phrase refers to the preceding conversation between Martha and Jesus, where Martha expresses her faith in Jesus as the Messiah. The Greek word for "after" (μετά, meta) indicates a transition, suggesting a shift in the narrative. This transition is significant as it moves from a private confession of faith to a more public action. The context here is crucial, as it sets the stage for the unfolding miracle of Lazarus's resurrection, emphasizing the importance of faith preceding divine action.

she went back
The phrase "she went back" indicates Martha's return to her sister Mary. The Greek verb used here (ὑπάγω, hypagō) can imply a purposeful departure or return. This action demonstrates Martha's role as a mediator between Jesus and Mary, highlighting the importance of family and community in the narrative. It also reflects the cultural context of the time, where women often played key roles in maintaining family connections and communication.

and called her sister Mary aside
Martha's action of calling Mary "aside" suggests a private, intimate communication. The Greek word for "called" (φωνέω, phōneō) implies a vocal summons, indicating urgency and importance. This reflects the close relationship between the sisters and the significance of the message Martha is about to convey. The cultural context here is important, as it shows the respect and consideration Martha has for her sister's feelings and the need for a private moment before a significant event.

The Teacher is here
Referring to Jesus as "The Teacher" (ὁ διδάσκαλος, ho didaskalos) underscores His role as a rabbi and spiritual leader. This title reflects the respect and authority Jesus held among His followers. In the Jewish tradition, a teacher or rabbi was a revered figure, responsible for imparting wisdom and understanding of the Scriptures. This acknowledgment of Jesus as "The Teacher" highlights His authority and the expectation of divine insight and intervention.

she said
The phrase "she said" indicates direct speech, emphasizing the personal and direct nature of Martha's communication with Mary. The Greek verb (λέγω, legō) is commonly used for speech, but its use here underscores the importance of the message being delivered. This moment of communication is pivotal, as it conveys the presence of Jesus and sets the stage for the miraculous event to follow.

and is asking for you
The phrase "is asking for you" reveals Jesus' personal interest and care for Mary. The Greek verb used here (ζητέω, zēteō) can mean to seek or desire, indicating Jesus' intentional desire to see Mary. This highlights the personal relationship Jesus has with His followers, showing His compassion and understanding of their grief. It also reflects the broader theme of Jesus' ministry, where He seeks out individuals in their time of need, offering comfort and hope.

When Mary heard this
The phrase begins with Mary, the sister of Martha and Lazarus, who is central to this narrative. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἤκουσεν" (ēkousen), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and responding. In the context of the Gospel of John, hearing often signifies a deeper spiritual perception. Mary’s hearing is not merely auditory; it is a call to action, reflecting her readiness to respond to Jesus. Historically, Mary is portrayed as one who sits at Jesus' feet, eager to learn and absorb His teachings (Luke 10:39). This moment is consistent with her character, showing her attentiveness and devotion.

she got up quickly
The Greek word for "quickly" is "ταχέως" (tacheōs), indicating immediacy and urgency. This reflects Mary's eagerness and the importance she places on Jesus' presence. Her swift action is a demonstration of her faith and love for Jesus. In the cultural context of the time, women were often expected to be reserved, yet Mary’s promptness shows her breaking through societal norms due to her deep commitment to Christ. This urgency can inspire believers today to respond promptly to the call of Christ in their lives.

and went to Him
The phrase "went to Him" signifies movement towards Jesus, both physically and spiritually. The Greek verb "ἦλθεν" (ēlthen) is used here, which is often employed in the New Testament to describe coming to Jesus in faith. This movement is not just a physical act but a spiritual journey towards the source of life and resurrection. In the broader scriptural context, coming to Jesus is synonymous with seeking truth, comfort, and salvation. Mary’s action is a powerful testament to her faith and serves as an example for believers to actively seek Jesus in times of need.

Now Jesus
The name "Jesus" is derived from the Greek "Iēsous," which corresponds to the Hebrew "Yeshua" or "Joshua," meaning "The Lord is salvation." This highlights the central role of Jesus as the Savior in Christian theology. In this context, Jesus is portrayed as the compassionate and divine figure who is about to perform a significant miracle, the raising of Lazarus, which underscores His power over life and death.

had not yet entered
The phrase "had not yet entered" suggests a deliberate pause or moment of anticipation. In the narrative, this indicates that Jesus is intentionally delaying His entrance into the village. This delay is significant, as it sets the stage for the miracle that is to come. It reflects the divine timing and purpose in Jesus' actions, reminding believers that God's timing is perfect, even when it is not immediately understood.

the village
The "village" refers to Bethany, a small town near Jerusalem. Bethany is significant in the Gospels as the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus, and a place where Jesus often found refuge. Archaeological evidence suggests that Bethany was a humble village, which contrasts with the grandeur of Jerusalem. This setting emphasizes the humility and accessibility of Jesus' ministry, reaching out to ordinary people in their everyday lives.

but was still at the place
The phrase "but was still at the place" indicates a moment of waiting and expectation. This moment is pivotal, as it is where Martha, in her grief and faith, meets Jesus. It symbolizes the intersection of human need and divine intervention. Theologically, it represents the idea that Jesus meets us where we are, in our moments of need, and is ready to bring comfort and transformation.

where Martha had met Him
Martha's meeting with Jesus is a profound moment of faith and dialogue. In the preceding verses, Martha expresses her belief in Jesus' power and the resurrection. This encounter highlights Martha's active faith and her role as a disciple. Historically, women like Martha played crucial roles in the early Christian community, and this passage underscores the importance of their faith and witness. Martha's interaction with Jesus serves as an inspiration for believers to approach Christ with both faith and honesty in times of trial.

When the Jews
The term "Jews" in the Gospel of John often refers to the Jewish people who were present in the narrative, sometimes specifically the religious leaders. In this context, it refers to the friends and community members who had come to mourn with Mary. Historically, Jewish mourning customs were deeply communal, emphasizing the importance of supporting those who grieve. This reflects the cultural and religious practices of first-century Judea, where mourning was a shared experience.

who were with Mary in the house
Mary, the sister of Lazarus, is depicted as being surrounded by her community. The house was a place of gathering and mourning, a common practice in Jewish culture where friends and family would come together to offer comfort. This setting underscores the communal nature of grief and the support system that was integral to Jewish life.

consoling her
The act of consoling is significant in Jewish tradition, where comforting the bereaved is considered a mitzvah, or a good deed. The Greek word used here, "paramytheomai," implies encouragement and solace, suggesting a deep, empathetic engagement with Mary's sorrow. This reflects the compassionate nature of the community and their commitment to fulfilling religious and social obligations.

saw how quickly she got up and went out
Mary's sudden movement indicates urgency and determination. The Greek word "tacheos" for "quickly" suggests an immediate response, possibly driven by a strong emotional impulse. This action captures the intensity of her grief and her desire to be near her brother's resting place, highlighting the human response to loss and the need for proximity to the deceased.

they followed her
The community's decision to follow Mary demonstrates their concern and solidarity. In Jewish mourning practices, accompanying someone to a grave was a sign of respect and support. This act of following also indicates a shared journey in grief, where the community remains present with the mourner, reinforcing the theme of collective empathy.

supposing she was going to the tomb
The assumption that Mary was heading to the tomb reflects the common practice of visiting the gravesite to mourn. This was a customary part of the mourning process, allowing individuals to express their sorrow and maintain a connection with the deceased. The community's understanding of this practice shows their familiarity with and respect for traditional mourning rituals.

to weep there
Weeping at the tomb was a natural expression of grief in Jewish culture. The act of weeping, or "klaio" in Greek, conveys a deep, audible lamentation. This public display of emotion was not only accepted but expected, as it allowed mourners to fully express their sorrow. The emphasis on weeping highlights the raw, human experience of loss and the cultural acceptance of mourning as a necessary and healing process.

When Mary came to Jesus
This phrase marks a significant moment of encounter. The name "Mary" is derived from the Hebrew "Miryam," which can mean "bitterness" or "beloved." In the context of the Gospel of John, Mary represents a deep, personal relationship with Jesus. Her coming to Jesus signifies an act of faith and desperation. Historically, Mary is the sister of Martha and Lazarus, and her actions here reflect the cultural norms of mourning and seeking comfort from a respected teacher or rabbi.

and saw Him
The act of seeing in the Gospel of John often carries a deeper spiritual meaning. The Greek word used here is "eidon," which implies not just physical sight but also perception and understanding. Mary's seeing Jesus is not just a physical act but a recognition of His presence and authority. In the broader scriptural context, seeing Jesus often leads to a revelation of His divine nature.

she fell at His feet
Falling at someone's feet is a gesture of submission, reverence, and worship. In the Jewish culture of the time, this act would signify deep respect and acknowledgment of authority. The Greek word "pipto" is used here, indicating a deliberate act of prostration. This action by Mary demonstrates her recognition of Jesus' power and her own helplessness in the face of her brother's death.

and said, 'Lord
The term "Lord" is translated from the Greek "Kyrios," which can mean master, owner, or one with authority. In the context of the New Testament, it is often used to acknowledge Jesus' divine authority. Mary's use of "Lord" here is both a personal acknowledgment of Jesus' role in her life and a theological statement of His divine nature.

if You had been here
This phrase reflects a common human response to tragedy—wondering about what might have been. It shows Mary's belief in Jesus' power to heal and her understanding of His previous miracles. Theologically, it also highlights the tension between human understanding and divine timing. The Greek word "ei" (if) introduces a conditional statement, expressing both faith and a hint of reproach.

my brother would not have died
Mary's statement is a testament to her faith in Jesus' healing power. The word "brother" (Greek "adelphos") emphasizes the personal loss and familial bond. Historically, the death of a family member, especially a brother, would have significant social and economic implications for a family. This phrase also sets the stage for the subsequent miracle of Lazarus' resurrection, demonstrating Jesus' power over life and death.

When Jesus saw her weeping
The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which implies more than just a physical observation; it suggests a deep perception and understanding. Jesus, in His divine nature, perceives the depth of human sorrow. The word "weeping" comes from the Greek "κλαίουσαν" (klaiousan), indicating a loud expression of grief. This scene reflects the profound empathy of Jesus, who is not distant from human suffering but intimately aware and compassionate towards it.

and the Jews who had come with her also weeping
The presence of "the Jews" signifies the communal aspect of mourning in Jewish culture. The Greek term "κλαίοντας" (klaiontas) is used again for "weeping," emphasizing the shared grief. This communal lamentation highlights the cultural and religious practices of the time, where mourning was a collective experience, and it underscores the depth of loss felt by the community. Jesus' response to this shared sorrow demonstrates His connection to humanity and His role as a comforter.

He was deeply moved in spirit
The phrase "deeply moved" is translated from the Greek "ἐνεβριμήσατο" (enebrimēsato), which conveys a strong emotional response, often associated with indignation or agitation. This suggests that Jesus' reaction is not just one of empathy but also of righteous anger against the effects of sin and death in the world. The "spirit" (πνεύματι, pneumati) refers to His inner being, indicating that this was a profound, heartfelt response. Jesus' emotional reaction reveals His divine nature, which is both compassionate and just.

and troubled
The Greek word "ἐτάραξεν" (etaraxen) means to be stirred or agitated. This term suggests an inner turmoil, reflecting Jesus' deep emotional engagement with the situation. His trouble is not due to a lack of faith or control but is a testament to His genuine humanity and His identification with human suffering. This moment foreshadows His own impending suffering and the ultimate victory over death that He will achieve through His resurrection.

Where have you laid him?
This phrase is a direct question from Jesus, highlighting His genuine humanity and empathy. The Greek word for "laid" is "ethekate," which implies a deliberate placement, often used in the context of burial. This question shows Jesus' willingness to engage with the reality of death, a profound moment that underscores His compassion and foreshadows His power over death. Historically, tombs were often caves or carved into rock, emphasizing the finality and solemnity of the burial process. Jesus' inquiry is not just about location but an invitation to witness His forthcoming miracle.

He asked
The act of asking here is significant. The Greek verb "eipen" is used, which is a simple past tense, indicating a straightforward, yet profound interaction. Jesus, fully God and fully man, engages in human conversation, demonstrating His relational nature. This moment is a reminder of the Incarnation, where God enters into human experience, not as a distant observer but as an active participant.

Come and see, Lord
The response of the people, "Come and see," is an invitation for Jesus to enter into their grief and loss. The Greek word "erchou" (come) is an imperative, showing urgency and expectation. "See" (ide) is also an imperative, inviting Jesus to witness the reality of death. This phrase reflects the faith and hope of those present, acknowledging Jesus' authority and expressing a desire for His intervention. The use of "Lord" (Kyrie) signifies respect and recognition of Jesus' divine authority, even in the face of death.

they answered
The collective response of "they" indicates a communal aspect of grief and hope. The Greek "legousin" (they said) suggests a shared voice, representing the collective faith and expectation of the community. This communal response highlights the importance of community in times of sorrow and the shared hope in Christ's power to bring life from death. It also sets the stage for the miracle of Lazarus' resurrection, a testament to Jesus' power and the faith of those who believe in Him.

Jesus
The name "Jesus" is derived from the Greek "Iēsous," which corresponds to the Hebrew name "Yeshua" or "Joshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This name is significant as it encapsulates the mission and identity of Christ as the Savior of humanity. In this context, the use of "Jesus" emphasizes His humanity and divinity, reminding us that He is both fully God and fully man. Theologically, this dual nature is crucial because it allows Jesus to empathize with human suffering while possessing the divine power to overcome it.

wept
The Greek word used here is "edakrysen," which is a verb indicating a moment of deep emotional response. Unlike other Greek terms for weeping that might suggest loud wailing, "edakrysen" implies a more subdued, personal expression of grief. This choice of word highlights the genuine compassion and empathy of Jesus. His tears are not just for Lazarus, but for the pain and suffering of humanity as a whole. Historically, this moment is profound because it shows that Jesus, though divine, fully participates in the human experience, including sorrow and loss. This verse, the shortest in the Bible, powerfully conveys the depth of Christ's love and His willingness to enter into our suffering. It serves as a reminder that in our moments of grief, we are not alone; Jesus is with us, sharing in our pain and offering comfort.

So the Jews said
This phrase indicates the response of the Jewish onlookers to Jesus' actions and emotions. The term "Jews" in the Gospel of John often refers to the Jewish leaders or people in general who were present at the events described. Historically, the Jewish people were deeply connected to their traditions and community, and their observations often carried significant weight. In this context, their statement reflects a communal acknowledgment of Jesus' deep emotional connection to Lazarus, which is significant given the cultural emphasis on communal and familial bonds.

See
The word "see" is translated from the Greek word "ἴδε" (ide), which is an imperative form, urging the audience to observe or perceive something significant. This command to "see" is not just a physical observation but an invitation to understand and recognize the depth of Jesus' love. In the biblical narrative, seeing often implies a deeper spiritual insight, suggesting that the Jews were being prompted to recognize something profound about Jesus' character and mission.

how He loved him
The phrase "how He loved him" is a powerful testament to Jesus' humanity and His capacity for deep personal relationships. The Greek word for love used here is "ἐφίλει" (ephilei), derived from "phileo," which denotes a brotherly or affectionate love. This is distinct from "agape," which is often used to describe God's unconditional love. The use of "phileo" emphasizes the genuine, heartfelt affection Jesus had for Lazarus, highlighting His empathy and compassion. This love is not just a divine attribute but a deeply personal and relational one, demonstrating that Jesus, while fully God, was also fully human, capable of experiencing and expressing profound emotions.

But some of them asked
This phrase introduces a group of onlookers who are skeptical or questioning. The Greek word for "some" (τινες) indicates a subset of the people present, suggesting a division in opinion among the witnesses. This reflects a common theme in the Gospels where Jesus' miracles often lead to mixed reactions, highlighting the varied responses to His ministry. Historically, this skepticism is consistent with the Jewish expectation of a Messiah who would perform signs and wonders, yet many struggled to reconcile Jesus' actions with their preconceived notions.

Could not this man
The phrase "this man" (οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος) is significant as it reflects a certain familiarity and perhaps a dismissive tone. The use of "this man" instead of a more respectful title like "Rabbi" or "Lord" suggests a lack of recognition of Jesus' divine authority by some in the crowd. This reflects the broader tension in the Gospel of John between belief and unbelief, a central theme that challenges readers to consider their own perception of Jesus.

who opened the eyes of the blind
This reference to Jesus' previous miracle of healing a blind man (John 9) serves as a testimony to His power and divine authority. The act of opening the eyes of the blind is not only a physical miracle but also a metaphor for spiritual enlightenment. In the Jewish context, such miracles were seen as signs of the Messianic age, fulfilling prophecies like those in Isaiah 35:5. The historical and scriptural context underscores the expectation that the Messiah would perform such deeds, yet the crowd's question reveals their struggle to fully grasp Jesus' identity and mission.

also have kept Lazarus from dying
The question posed here reflects a limited understanding of Jesus' power, focusing on prevention rather than resurrection. The Greek word for "kept" (φυλάξαι) implies protection or guarding, suggesting that the crowd believed Jesus could have intervened to prevent death. This reflects a common human tendency to question God's actions or inactions in the face of suffering. Theologically, this sets the stage for the revelation of Jesus as the "resurrection and the life" (John 11:25), challenging believers to trust in His sovereignty over life and death.

Jesus, once again deeply moved
The phrase "deeply moved" is translated from the Greek word "embrimaomai," which conveys a sense of intense emotion, often associated with anger or indignation. In this context, it reflects Jesus' profound empathy and sorrow for the suffering caused by death, as well as His righteous anger against the sin and unbelief that brought death into the world. This moment reveals the depth of Jesus' humanity, as He experiences the full range of human emotions, yet without sin. It also underscores His divine authority over life and death, as He prepares to demonstrate His power through the resurrection of Lazarus.

came to the tomb
The tomb, in this historical context, was typically a cave or carved-out rock used for burial, common in first-century Jewish culture. This setting is significant as it foreshadows Jesus' own burial and resurrection. The act of Jesus approaching the tomb symbolizes His willingness to confront death head-on, not shying away from the reality of human mortality. It is a powerful reminder of His mission to conquer death and bring eternal life to all who believe in Him.

It was a cave
The use of a cave as a tomb highlights the customary burial practices of the time, where natural or hewn caves served as family tombs. This detail emphasizes the historical and cultural authenticity of the Gospel account. Caves were often sealed with stones to protect the body from animals and grave robbers, making the miracle of Lazarus' resurrection even more remarkable. The cave also serves as a metaphor for the darkness of death, which Jesus is about to illuminate with His life-giving power.

with a stone laid across the entrance
The stone represents the finality and barrier of death, a physical obstacle that separates the living from the dead. In Jewish tradition, sealing a tomb with a stone was a common practice, signifying the completion of the burial process. This imagery is rich with symbolism, as it prefigures the stone that will be rolled away from Jesus' own tomb, signifying His victory over death. The stone also serves as a testament to the miraculous nature of what is about to occur, as Jesus will command it to be removed, demonstrating His authority over the grave.

“Take away the stone,”
This command by Jesus is direct and authoritative, reflecting His divine authority over life and death. The Greek word for "take away" is "airo," which means to lift up or remove. This action is symbolic of removing obstacles to faith and witnessing the power of God. In a historical context, tombs were often sealed with large stones to protect the body from animals and grave robbers, emphasizing the finality of death. Jesus' command challenges this finality, foreshadowing His power over the grave.

said Jesus
The use of "said" here, from the Greek "lego," indicates a deliberate and purposeful statement. Jesus speaks with intention, knowing the miracle He is about to perform. His words carry the weight of divine authority, and His identity as the Son of God is central to the narrative. This moment is a pivotal demonstration of His mission to bring life and hope.

“Lord, by now he stinks,”
Martha's response is practical and rooted in human understanding. The phrase "by now he stinks" reflects the reality of death and decay, as Lazarus had been in the tomb for four days. The Greek word "ozei" means to emit a foul odor, highlighting the hopelessness of the situation from a human perspective. This statement underscores the miracle's magnitude, as Jesus is about to defy natural processes.

said Martha
Martha, the sister of Lazarus, is often portrayed as pragmatic and concerned with the details of life. Her role in this narrative is crucial, as she represents the human struggle between faith and doubt. Her dialogue with Jesus reveals her belief in His power, yet also her limited understanding of His ability to transcend death.

the sister of the dead man
This phrase emphasizes the personal loss and grief experienced by Martha and her family. The term "dead man" starkly contrasts with the life-giving power of Jesus. In Jewish culture, the family played a significant role in mourning, and the mention of Martha as Lazarus's sister highlights the emotional weight of the miracle about to occur.

“By this time there is a bad odor
Reiterating the reality of death, this phrase serves to heighten the anticipation of the miracle. The "bad odor" is a reminder of the corruption and decay that sin brings into the world. In a broader theological context, it symbolizes the spiritual death that Jesus came to conquer through His resurrection power.

for he has been there four days.”
The mention of "four days" is significant in Jewish belief, as it was thought that the soul lingered near the body for three days before departing. By the fourth day, death was considered irreversible. This detail underscores the impossibility of the situation from a human standpoint, setting the stage for a divine intervention that defies all expectations and affirms Jesus as the resurrection and the life.

Jesus replied
This phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His authority and personal engagement in the situation. The Greek word for "replied" is "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē), which conveys a sense of answering or responding to a question or situation. In the context of John 11, Jesus is responding to Martha, who is struggling with doubt and grief over her brother Lazarus's death. This reply is not just a casual response but a profound declaration of faith and divine promise.

Did I not tell you
This phrase serves as a reminder of Jesus' previous teachings and promises. The Greek construction here implies a gentle rebuke, urging the listener to recall what has already been communicated. It highlights the importance of remembering and trusting in Jesus' words. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus often reminded His followers of His teachings to strengthen their faith and understanding.

if you believed
The condition "if you believed" underscores the necessity of faith in experiencing the divine. The Greek word for "believed" is "πιστεύω" (pisteuō), which means to have faith or trust. This belief is not merely intellectual assent but a deep, personal trust in Jesus and His power. Throughout the Gospel of John, belief is a central theme, often linked to seeing and experiencing God's work.

you would see
The promise "you would see" indicates a future revelation contingent upon faith. The Greek verb "ὄψῃ" (opsē) is in the future tense, suggesting that the act of seeing is a result of believing. This seeing is not just physical sight but a spiritual perception of God's work and presence. It implies that faith opens one's eyes to the reality of God's glory.

the glory of God
This phrase is the climax of the verse, pointing to the ultimate purpose of the miracle Jesus is about to perform. The "glory of God" refers to the visible manifestation of God's presence and power. In the Old Testament, God's glory was often associated with His presence in the tabernacle or temple. In the New Testament, Jesus Himself is the embodiment of God's glory. The Greek word "δόξα" (doxa) conveys honor, splendor, and divine majesty. In the context of Lazarus's resurrection, the glory of God is revealed through Jesus' power over life and death, affirming His identity as the Son of God and the source of eternal life.

So they took away the stone
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the narrative of Lazarus's resurrection. The act of removing the stone signifies an act of faith and obedience to Jesus' command. In the historical context, tombs were often sealed with large stones to protect the body from animals and grave robbers. The removal of the stone is symbolic of removing barriers to divine intervention. It reflects the willingness of those present to trust in Jesus' power over death, a theme that resonates throughout the Gospel of John.

Then Jesus lifted His eyes upward
The act of lifting one's eyes is a traditional posture of prayer and supplication, indicating a direct communication with God. In the Jewish tradition, lifting one's eyes to heaven is a gesture of seeking divine assistance and acknowledging God's sovereignty. This action by Jesus underscores His intimate relationship with the Father and sets the stage for the miraculous event that follows. It is a reminder of the importance of looking to God in times of need and recognizing His authority over all creation.

and said, 'Father, I thank You that You have heard Me.'
The address "Father" highlights the unique and intimate relationship between Jesus and God. It is a term of endearment and respect, emphasizing Jesus' divine sonship and His role as the mediator between God and humanity. The expression of gratitude, "I thank You," is significant because it demonstrates Jesus' confidence in the Father's will and power. The phrase "that You have heard Me" indicates that Jesus' prayer was already in alignment with God's will, showcasing the unity and harmony within the Trinity. This statement serves as an assurance to the witnesses of God's active presence and power, reinforcing the theme of faith and trust in God's plan.

I knew
The Greek word used here is "ᾔδειν" (ēdein), which implies a deep, intimate knowledge. Jesus expresses His unwavering confidence in His relationship with the Father. This knowledge is not just intellectual but relational, rooted in the eternal communion between the Father and the Son. It serves as a model for believers, encouraging them to cultivate a deep, personal relationship with God, grounded in faith and trust.

that You always hear Me
The phrase underscores the constant and unbroken communication between Jesus and the Father. The Greek word for "hear" is "ἀκούεις" (akoueis), which implies not just listening but also understanding and responding. This reflects the perfect unity and harmony within the Trinity. For believers, it is a reminder of the assurance that God hears their prayers, encouraging them to approach Him with confidence and faith.

but I said this for the benefit of the people standing here
Jesus speaks aloud not for His own sake but for those around Him. The Greek word "διὰ" (dia) indicates purpose or reason. Jesus' public prayer is a teaching moment, designed to strengthen the faith of the witnesses. It highlights His role as a teacher and shepherd, always seeking to guide others to a deeper understanding of God. This serves as an example for Christians to live their faith openly, using their actions and words to edify and encourage others.

so that they may believe
The purpose of Jesus' words is to inspire belief. The Greek word "πιστεύσωσιν" (pisteusōsin) means to have faith or trust. Jesus' miracles and teachings are always aimed at leading people to faith in Him as the Messiah. This phrase emphasizes the importance of faith as the foundation of the Christian life. It challenges believers to reflect on their own faith journey and to actively seek to grow in their trust and reliance on God.

that You sent Me
This phrase affirms Jesus' divine mission and origin. The Greek word "ἀπέστειλας" (apesteilas) means to send forth with a purpose. Jesus is the sent one, the Messiah, fulfilling the prophecies and promises of the Old Testament. This declaration is central to the Gospel message, affirming Jesus' divine authority and mission. For believers, it is a call to recognize and accept Jesus as the Son of God, sent to bring salvation to the world. It also serves as a reminder of the Great Commission, urging Christians to share the message of Jesus with others.

After Jesus had said this
This phrase sets the stage for the miraculous event that is about to unfold. The context here is crucial; Jesus has just prayed to the Father, expressing gratitude for being heard. This demonstrates His intimate relationship with God and His confidence in the divine plan. The Greek word for "said" (εἶπεν, eipen) implies a declaration with authority. Jesus' words are not mere suggestions but carry the weight of divine command, underscoring His role as the Son of God.

He called out
The Greek verb used here is "φωνέω" (phoneo), which means to call or to summon. This is not a casual call but a powerful, authoritative command. In the cultural and historical context, a loud call was often used to gather attention or to make an important announcement. Jesus' call to Lazarus is a public demonstration of His authority over life and death, intended to reveal His divine power to the onlookers.

in a loud voice
The phrase "loud voice" (μεγάλῃ φωνῇ, megale phone) emphasizes the intensity and authority of Jesus' command. This is reminiscent of the voice of God in the Old Testament, which often came with power and authority. The loudness signifies the importance of the moment and ensures that all present would witness the miracle, leaving no doubt about the source of Lazarus's resurrection.

Lazarus
The name Lazarus is derived from the Hebrew name Eleazar, meaning "God has helped." This is profoundly fitting, as Lazarus's resurrection is a direct act of divine intervention. The use of his name personalizes the miracle, showing Jesus' deep love and compassion for His friend. It also serves as a reminder that God knows each of us by name and is intimately involved in our lives.

come out
The command "come out" (δεῦρο ἔξω, deuro exo) is both simple and profound. It is a direct order that defies the natural order of death. Theologically, this command signifies Jesus' power over death, prefiguring His own resurrection. In a broader scriptural context, it symbolizes the call to all believers to come out of spiritual death into the life offered through Christ. This moment is a powerful testament to the hope and new life that Jesus offers to all who believe in Him.

The man who had been dead
This phrase emphasizes the miraculous nature of the event. The Greek word for "dead" is "νεκρός" (nekros), which signifies a state of lifelessness. In the context of first-century Jewish beliefs, death was considered final after three days, making Lazarus's resurrection on the fourth day a profound demonstration of Jesus' divine authority over life and death. This act prefigures Jesus' own resurrection and serves as a testament to His power as the Son of God.

came out
The Greek verb "ἐξῆλθεν" (exēlthen) means "came out" or "went forth." This action signifies obedience to Jesus' command, illustrating the power of His word. Lazarus's emergence from the tomb is a physical manifestation of spiritual awakening and liberation, symbolizing the call to new life that Jesus offers to all believers.

with his hands and feet bound in strips of linen
The "strips of linen" refer to the burial cloths used in Jewish burial customs, known as "keiriai" in Greek. These cloths were used to wrap the body tightly, signifying the finality of death. Lazarus's bound state highlights the miraculous nature of his resurrection, as he emerges despite the physical constraints, symbolizing the breaking of the bonds of death and sin through Christ.

and his face wrapped in a cloth
The "cloth" or "soudarion" in Greek, was a separate piece used to cover the face of the deceased. This detail underscores the authenticity of Lazarus's death and subsequent resurrection. In a broader spiritual sense, the removal of the cloth signifies the unveiling of new life and the revelation of God's glory through Jesus.

'Unwrap him and let him go,' Jesus told them
Jesus' command to "unwrap him and let him go" is both literal and symbolic. The Greek word "λύσατε" (lysate) means "loose" or "release," indicating the removal of physical constraints. Spiritually, it represents liberation from the bondage of sin and death. Jesus involves the community in this act, highlighting the role of believers in supporting and nurturing one another in their spiritual journeys. This command also foreshadows the freedom and new life that Jesus offers through His own death and resurrection.

Therefore
This word connects the current verse to the preceding events, specifically the miraculous raising of Lazarus from the dead by Jesus. In Greek, "oun" is often used to indicate a conclusion or result. The use of "therefore" signifies that the events that transpired led directly to the reaction of the people. It underscores the cause-and-effect relationship between Jesus' miracle and the belief it inspired.

many of the Jews
The phrase refers to the Jewish people who were present at the scene. Historically, Jews from Jerusalem and surrounding areas would come to console Mary and Martha, indicating a community deeply connected by tradition and shared grief. The term "Jews" in the Gospel of John often refers to the religious leaders or those who were skeptical of Jesus, but here it highlights a broader group witnessing the miracle.

who had come to Mary
This phrase emphasizes the communal aspect of mourning in Jewish culture. People would gather to offer comfort and support to the bereaved. Mary, the sister of Lazarus, was a central figure in this narrative, and those who came to her were likely friends, family, and community members, showing the close-knit nature of Jewish society at the time.

and had seen what Jesus did
The eyewitness nature of the account is crucial. The Greek word "theoreo" implies more than just seeing; it suggests observing with attention and understanding. The witnesses did not merely see a spectacle; they perceived the significance of Jesus' actions. This miracle was a public demonstration of Jesus' divine authority and power over life and death.

believed in Him
The response of belief is central to the Gospel of John. The Greek word "pisteuo" means to have faith or trust. This belief was not just intellectual assent but a deep, personal trust in Jesus as the Messiah. The miracle of raising Lazarus served as a catalyst for faith, fulfilling the purpose of Jesus' signs as stated in John 20:31, "But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in His name."

But some of them
This phrase indicates a division among the witnesses of Jesus' miracle. The Greek word for "some" (τινες, tines) suggests a subset of the people who had observed the event. This division is significant as it reflects the varied responses to Jesus' ministry. Historically, Jesus' miracles often led to mixed reactions, with some believing and others skeptical or hostile. This division is a recurring theme in the Gospels, illustrating the polarizing effect of Jesus' actions and teachings.

went to the Pharisees
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. The Greek word for "went" (ἀπῆλθον, apēlthon) implies a deliberate action, suggesting that those who went to the Pharisees did so with intent. This action highlights the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities. The Pharisees often viewed Jesus as a threat to their authority and religious practices. Historically, the Pharisees were influential in the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council, and their opposition to Jesus was a significant factor leading to His crucifixion.

and told them
The act of telling the Pharisees indicates a report or testimony. The Greek word for "told" (εἶπαν, eipan) is often used in the context of bearing witness. This suggests that those who reported to the Pharisees were not merely sharing information but were possibly seeking to incite action against Jesus. This reflects the broader narrative of opposition that Jesus faced from the religious leaders, who were often more concerned with maintaining their power and control than with the truth of Jesus' identity and mission.

what Jesus had done
This phrase refers to the miraculous raising of Lazarus from the dead, a pivotal event in the Gospel of John. The Greek word for "done" (ἐποίησεν, epoiēsen) encompasses the idea of creating or performing an action. This miracle was a profound demonstration of Jesus' divine authority and power over life and death. In the scriptural context, this act was a sign pointing to Jesus as the Messiah, the Son of God. However, instead of leading to universal belief, it intensified the conflict between Jesus and the religious authorities, setting the stage for the events leading to His crucifixion. This highlights the tragic irony that the greatest revelation of Jesus' divine nature also precipitated the greatest rejection by the religious leaders.

Then the chief priests and Pharisees
The "chief priests" were influential leaders within the Jewish religious hierarchy, primarily from the Sadducees, who were known for their collaboration with Roman authorities and their control over the Temple. The "Pharisees," on the other hand, were a sect known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. Despite their theological differences, these groups united against Jesus, highlighting the threat He posed to their authority and the status quo. This collaboration underscores the gravity of the situation and the perceived threat Jesus represented to established religious and political structures.

convened the Sanhedrin
The "Sanhedrin" was the supreme council and tribunal of the Jews during post-exilic times, composed of 71 members, including the high priest. It held significant religious, legal, and political authority. Convening the Sanhedrin indicates the seriousness with which the Jewish leaders viewed Jesus' actions. Historically, this body was responsible for maintaining order and interpreting Jewish law, and their involvement signifies the escalating tension between Jesus and the Jewish authorities.

and said, 'What are we to do?
This phrase reflects a sense of urgency and desperation among the Jewish leaders. The Greek word used here for "do" (ποιέω, poieō) implies action or response. The leaders were at a crossroads, recognizing that their usual strategies were insufficient to counteract Jesus' growing influence. This question reveals their internal conflict and fear of losing control over the people and their religious authority.

This man is performing many signs
The term "signs" (σημεῖα, sēmeia) in the Greek context refers to miraculous acts that signify divine authority and power. Jesus' miracles were not just wonders but were meant to reveal His divine nature and mission. The acknowledgment of "many signs" by the Jewish leaders is significant; it shows that even His opponents could not deny the reality and impact of His miracles. This admission highlights the undeniable evidence of Jesus' divine authority, which was a direct challenge to the religious leaders' power and influence.

If we let Him go on like this
This phrase reflects the growing concern among the Jewish leaders about Jesus' increasing influence. The Greek word for "let" (ἀφίωμεν, aphiōmen) implies a sense of allowing or permitting. The leaders are contemplating the consequences of inaction. Historically, this reflects the tension between maintaining religious authority and the fear of losing control. The leaders are faced with a dilemma: to allow Jesus' ministry to continue unchecked or to intervene. This phrase sets the stage for the unfolding drama of Jesus' eventual arrest and crucifixion.

everyone will believe in Him
The word "everyone" (πάντες, pantes) indicates the widespread impact of Jesus' miracles and teachings. The leaders fear a mass conversion to belief in Jesus as the Messiah. The Greek word for "believe" (πιστεύσουσιν, pisteusousin) is central to the Gospel of John, emphasizing faith and trust in Jesus. This concern highlights the leaders' awareness of Jesus' growing popularity and the potential shift in religious allegiance. It underscores the transformative power of Jesus' message and the threat it posed to the established religious order.

and then the Romans will come
The mention of "the Romans" reflects the political context of the time. Judea was under Roman occupation, and the Jewish leaders were acutely aware of the delicate balance of power. The fear of Roman intervention was a real and present danger. The leaders were concerned that any messianic movement could be perceived as a threat to Roman authority, leading to military action. This phrase underscores the political tension and the precarious position of the Jewish nation under Roman rule.

and take away both our place
The term "place" (τόπον, topon) likely refers to the temple, the center of Jewish religious life and authority. The temple was not only a physical structure but also a symbol of God's presence and the heart of Jewish identity. The leaders feared that Roman intervention could lead to the destruction of the temple, as had happened in the past. This concern reveals the deep connection between religious authority and national identity, and the fear of losing both.

and our nation
The word "nation" (ἔθνος, ethnos) refers to the Jewish people as a distinct ethnic and religious group. The leaders feared that Roman action could lead to the dissolution of the Jewish nation, either through direct military action or by undermining their religious and cultural identity. This phrase highlights the existential threat perceived by the leaders and their desire to preserve their national and religious heritage. It reflects the broader theme of the Gospel of John, where Jesus' mission transcends national boundaries and calls for a new understanding of God's kingdom.

But one of them, Caiaphas
The mention of Caiaphas here is significant. Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest from AD 18 to 36, a position of great religious and political influence. His role as high priest during this pivotal time in Jesus' ministry underscores the tension between Jesus and the Jewish religious authorities. Historically, Caiaphas was known for his collaboration with the Roman authorities, which allowed him to maintain his position longer than most high priests of the time. His involvement in the plot against Jesus highlights the deep-seated opposition Jesus faced from the established religious order.

who was high priest that year
The phrase "that year" is noteworthy because it emphasizes the specific time frame of Caiaphas' high priesthood during the events leading to Jesus' crucifixion. In the Jewish tradition, the high priest was a central figure in religious life, responsible for the Day of Atonement sacrifices and other significant religious duties. The mention of "that year" may also imply the unique and pivotal nature of the events that were unfolding, as this was the year of Jesus' sacrificial death, which would change the course of history.

said to them
This phrase indicates Caiaphas' authoritative position in the council, known as the Sanhedrin. His words carried weight and were intended to influence the decision-making process of the Jewish leaders. The Sanhedrin was the supreme religious body in Israel, and Caiaphas' role in it highlights the gravity of the situation and the concerted effort to address what they perceived as a threat from Jesus.

You know nothing at all!
Caiaphas' statement is a rebuke to the other members of the Sanhedrin, suggesting their lack of understanding or insight into the situation. The Greek phrase used here conveys a sense of urgency and frustration. Caiaphas believed that the council was not grasping the seriousness of the threat Jesus posed to their authority and the stability of their relationship with the Roman occupiers. This statement sets the stage for Caiaphas' subsequent proposal to sacrifice one man for the people, which he saw as a pragmatic solution to preserve the nation. This reflects a worldly wisdom that contrasts with the divine wisdom and sacrificial love embodied by Jesus.

You do not realize
This phrase indicates a lack of understanding or awareness among the people being addressed. In the Greek, the word used here is "οὐκ οἴδατε" (ouk oidate), which implies not just a lack of knowledge but a failure to perceive or comprehend the significance of the situation. This sets the stage for a revelation of deeper truth, urging the audience to move beyond superficial understanding to grasp the divine plan at work.

that it is better
The Greek word "συμφέρει" (sympherei) is used here, meaning "it is advantageous" or "it is profitable." This suggests a utilitarian perspective, where the speaker is weighing the outcomes and determining what is most beneficial. In the context of the Gospel, this phrase challenges the audience to consider the greater good from a divine perspective, rather than a purely human one.

for you
This phrase personalizes the statement, indicating that the benefit or advantage is specifically for the audience being addressed. It underscores the communal aspect of the decision being discussed, highlighting that the implications of the forthcoming action are not just individual but collective.

that one man
The focus here is on a singular individual, emphasizing the significance of one person's role in the unfolding events. In the historical context, this refers to Jesus Christ, whose singular sacrifice is central to Christian theology. The phrase invites reflection on the power and impact of one life given for many.

die
The Greek word "ἀποθάνῃ" (apothanē) is used, meaning "to die" or "to perish." This word carries with it the weight of mortality and the finality of death. In the scriptural context, it points to the sacrificial death of Jesus, which is pivotal to the Christian understanding of redemption and salvation.

for the people
This phrase indicates the purpose or reason behind the action, highlighting the sacrificial nature of the death being discussed. The Greek "ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ" (hyper tou laou) suggests a substitutionary aspect, where the death of one is for the benefit of many. It reflects the biblical theme of atonement, where Jesus' death is seen as a redemptive act for humanity.

than for the whole nation
The comparison here underscores the magnitude of the decision being made. The Greek "καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ ἔθνος" (kai mē holon to ethnos) contrasts the death of one with the potential destruction of an entire nation. This highlights the gravity of the situation and the perceived necessity of the sacrifice. In the broader biblical narrative, it points to the idea that Jesus' death was not just for Israel, but for all nations, fulfilling the promise of salvation for the world.

He did not say this on his own
This phrase indicates that Caiaphas, the high priest, was not speaking from his own understanding or initiative. The Greek word for "on his own" (αὐτοῦ) suggests a lack of personal origin or intent. In the context of biblical prophecy, this highlights the sovereignty of God in using individuals, even those who may not be aware of their role, to fulfill His divine purposes. Historically, this underscores the belief that God can work through any person or situation to bring about His will, a theme consistent throughout Scripture.

but as high priest that year
The role of the high priest was significant in Jewish society, serving as the chief religious leader and mediator between God and the people. The phrase "that year" emphasizes the specific time frame in which Caiaphas held this office, which was during a pivotal moment in salvation history. The Greek term for "high priest" (ἀρχιερεύς) denotes a position of authority and spiritual responsibility. This highlights the irony that Caiaphas, in his official capacity, would unwittingly prophesy about Jesus' sacrificial death, which would fulfill the ultimate priestly function of atonement.

he prophesied that Jesus would die for the nation
The act of prophesying here is attributed to divine inspiration rather than human insight. The Greek word for "prophesied" (προεφήτευσεν) indicates a declaration of God's will or future events. Caiaphas' statement, though politically motivated, is used by God to reveal a deeper truth about Jesus' mission. The phrase "die for the nation" reflects the substitutionary atonement theology, where Jesus' death is seen as a sacrificial act for the redemption of Israel. This aligns with Old Testament prophecies and the sacrificial system, where the death of a substitute brought reconciliation with God.

and not only for the nation
This phrase highlights the initial scope of Jesus' mission as perceived by many of His contemporaries. The "nation" refers to Israel, God's chosen people, who were expecting a Messiah to deliver them. The Greek word for "nation" is "ethnos," which can also mean a group of people or a tribe. Historically, the Jewish people were anticipating a political savior who would restore Israel's national sovereignty. However, this phrase sets the stage for a broader understanding of Jesus' mission, indicating that His purpose transcends national boundaries.

but also to gather together
The Greek word for "gather together" is "synagō," which means to bring together or assemble. This reflects a unifying mission, emphasizing the inclusivity of Jesus' work. In the historical context, the Jewish diaspora was scattered across the Roman Empire, and there was a longing for unity among the people of God. This phrase suggests a spiritual gathering, a bringing together of believers into a single community under Christ.

into one
The concept of "one" here is significant, as it denotes unity and oneness in Christ. The Greek word "heis" implies singularity and unity. This reflects the theological truth that in Christ, there is no division; all believers are united as one body. This unity is a central theme in the New Testament, where the church is often described as the body of Christ, with each member being an integral part of the whole.

the children of God
This phrase identifies those who are part of this gathering. The term "children of God" is a profound identity marker for believers, indicating a familial relationship with God through faith in Jesus Christ. The Greek word "tekna" for "children" emphasizes the idea of being born into a family. Scripturally, this reflects the new birth and adoption into God's family, a theme that is echoed throughout the New Testament.

who are scattered abroad
The phrase "scattered abroad" uses the Greek word "diaskorpizō," which means to disperse or scatter. This reflects the historical reality of the Jewish diaspora, but it also speaks to the spiritual scattering of God's people due to sin and separation from God. The imagery here is reminiscent of the Good Shepherd gathering His sheep, a theme that Jesus Himself uses to describe His mission. It underscores the redemptive work of Christ in bringing together those who were once far off, uniting them in His love and purpose.

So
The word "so" serves as a conjunction, linking the events that have just transpired with the actions that follow. In the context of John 11, this refers to the miraculous raising of Lazarus from the dead by Jesus. This miracle was a pivotal moment, demonstrating Jesus' divine authority over life and death. The Greek word used here is "οὖν" (oun), which often indicates a conclusion or result. It signifies that the decision to plot against Jesus was a direct consequence of His actions and the growing belief in Him among the people.

from that day on
This phrase marks a significant turning point in the Gospel narrative. It indicates a shift in the intentions of the Jewish leaders, who had been increasingly concerned about Jesus' influence. The phrase suggests a continuous and determined effort from this point forward. Historically, this reflects the growing tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, who saw Him as a threat to their power and the status quo. The phrase underscores the urgency and seriousness of their resolve.

they plotted
The Greek word for "plotted" is "ἐβουλεύσαντο" (ebouleusanto), which implies a deliberate and calculated plan. This was not a spontaneous decision but a premeditated conspiracy. The religious leaders, particularly the Pharisees and the chief priests, were motivated by fear of losing their authority and the potential repercussions from the Roman authorities if Jesus' following continued to grow. This plotting was a fulfillment of the prophetic scriptures that foretold the suffering and rejection of the Messiah.

to kill
The intent "to kill" reveals the depth of the leaders' hostility towards Jesus. The Greek word "ἀποκτείνω" (apokteinō) means to put to death or to slay. This was not merely an attempt to silence Jesus but to completely eliminate Him. This action reflects the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart of the religious leaders, who, despite witnessing Jesus' miracles and teachings, chose to reject Him. It also highlights the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan, as Jesus' death was necessary for the salvation of humanity.

Him
The pronoun "Him" refers to Jesus Christ, the central figure of the Gospel. In the context of John 11, Jesus is portrayed as the resurrection and the life, the one who has power over death. The decision to kill Him underscores the tragic irony of the situation: the religious leaders sought to destroy the very source of life and salvation. This highlights the spiritual conflict between light and darkness, truth and deception, that is a recurring theme throughout the Gospel of John. Jesus' identity as the Son of God and the promised Messiah is central to understanding the significance of this verse.

As a result
This phrase indicates a direct consequence of the preceding events. In the context of John 11, Jesus had just performed the miraculous raising of Lazarus from the dead, which led to increased hostility from the Jewish leaders. The Greek word here, "οὖν" (oun), often serves as a connector, emphasizing the logical progression of events. It reminds us that Jesus' actions were deliberate and purposeful, aligning with God's divine plan.

Jesus no longer went about publicly
The phrase highlights a significant shift in Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "publicly" is "παρρησίᾳ" (parrēsia), which implies openness and boldness. Jesus, who had been teaching and performing miracles openly, now chooses a more private path. This decision reflects His awareness of the growing threat from the religious authorities and His strategic timing in fulfilling His mission.

among the Jews
This phrase refers to the Jewish people, particularly the religious leaders who were increasingly antagonistic towards Jesus. The term "Jews" in the Gospel of John often signifies those in opposition to Jesus, especially the Pharisees and Sadducees. Historically, this tension underscores the growing divide between Jesus' teachings and the established religious order of the time.

Instead, He withdrew
The act of withdrawing signifies a tactical retreat. The Greek word "ἀνεχώρησεν" (anechōrēsen) suggests a deliberate and thoughtful decision to step back. This withdrawal is not out of fear but rather a strategic move to continue His ministry without premature confrontation, demonstrating Jesus' wisdom and obedience to the Father's timing.

to a town called Ephraim
Ephraim is a town mentioned only here in the New Testament, and its exact location is debated among scholars. It is believed to be a small, secluded village, providing a place of refuge and rest. The choice of Ephraim reflects Jesus' desire for a quieter setting to prepare His disciples for the events to come, away from the immediate threat of the authorities.

in the region near the wilderness
The wilderness often symbolizes a place of testing, preparation, and divine encounter in the Bible. This geographical detail connects Jesus' retreat to the broader biblical narrative of God meeting His people in solitude and desolation, as seen with figures like Moses and Elijah. It serves as a reminder of the spiritual preparation necessary for the trials ahead.

where He stayed with the disciples
This phrase emphasizes the importance of community and discipleship. Jesus' time with His disciples in Ephraim was likely a period of teaching, strengthening, and preparing them for His impending crucifixion and resurrection. The Greek word "διέτριβεν" (dietriben) suggests an extended stay, highlighting the significance of this time for deepening their understanding and faith.

Now the Passover of the Jews was near
The phrase "Passover of the Jews" refers to the annual Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' deliverance from slavery in Egypt, as described in Exodus 12. The Greek word for Passover, "Pascha," is rooted in the Hebrew "Pesach," meaning "to pass over." This event is central to Jewish identity and faith, symbolizing God's protection and deliverance. Historically, the Passover was one of the three pilgrimage festivals, where Jews from all over would travel to Jerusalem. This context sets the stage for the events leading to Jesus' crucifixion, highlighting the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy and the foreshadowing of Christ as the ultimate Passover Lamb, whose sacrifice would bring spiritual deliverance.

and many people went up from the country to Jerusalem
The phrase "went up" is significant, as Jerusalem is geographically elevated, and pilgrims would ascend to the city. The Greek word "anabainō" conveys both a physical and spiritual ascent, as going to Jerusalem was not just a journey but an act of worship and obedience. The influx of people from "the country" underscores the widespread observance of Passover and the centrality of Jerusalem in Jewish worship. This pilgrimage reflects the communal and covenantal aspects of Jewish life, where individuals and families participated in shared religious practices, reinforcing their identity as God's chosen people.

to purify themselves
The act of purification was essential for participating in the Passover. The Greek word "hagnizō" means to make clean or sanctify, reflecting the Jewish laws of ritual purity found in Leviticus and Numbers. This purification process involved various rites and sacrifices, emphasizing the holiness required to approach God. In a broader theological context, this purification foreshadows the cleansing from sin that Jesus offers through His sacrifice. The need for purification highlights humanity's inherent sinfulness and the necessity of divine intervention for true spiritual cleansing, pointing to the transformative power of Christ's atonement.

They kept looking for Jesus
This phrase indicates a continuous action, suggesting an eager anticipation and a sense of urgency among the people. The Greek verb "ζητέω" (zēteō) implies a diligent search or quest. Historically, this reflects the heightened tension and expectation surrounding Jesus' movements, especially as His miracles and teachings had stirred both hope and controversy. The people were not merely curious; they were actively seeking Him, perhaps with a mix of hope for His messianic fulfillment and fear of the authorities' reaction.

and asking one another
The act of asking "one another" suggests a communal concern and shared curiosity. The Greek word "λέγω" (legō) for "asking" can also mean to speak or to say, indicating that this was a topic of conversation among many. This reflects the social dynamics of the time, where news and rumors spread through word of mouth in public spaces like the temple courts. It underscores the collective nature of their anticipation and the widespread impact of Jesus' ministry.

as they stood in the temple courts
The "temple courts" were central to Jewish religious life, serving as a place of worship, teaching, and community gathering. The Greek term "ἱερόν" (hieron) refers to the entire temple complex, not just the inner sanctum. This setting highlights the religious and cultural significance of the events unfolding. The temple courts were a place where people expected to encounter God, making their search for Jesus there particularly poignant, as He was seen by many as the embodiment of God's presence.

'What do you think?
This question reveals the uncertainty and speculation among the people. The Greek phrase "τί δοκεῖ ὑμῖν" (ti dokei hymin) can be translated as "What seems to you?" or "What is your opinion?" It invites personal reflection and communal discussion, emphasizing the diverse opinions about Jesus' identity and intentions. This reflects the broader theme in John's Gospel of belief and unbelief, as people grapple with understanding who Jesus is.

Will He come to the feast at all?'
The "feast" refers to the Passover, a major Jewish festival commemorating the Exodus from Egypt. The Greek word "ἑορτή" (heortē) signifies a sacred celebration. The question of whether Jesus would attend highlights the tension between His mission and the growing threat from religious leaders. Historically, the Passover was a time of heightened messianic expectation, and Jesus' potential presence would have been seen as significant. This question underscores the anticipation of His actions and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through Him.

But the chief priests and Pharisees
This phrase highlights the religious authorities of the time, who were the primary leaders of Jewish society. The chief priests were part of the Sadducees, a sect known for their aristocratic status and control over the Temple. The Pharisees, on the other hand, were a more populist group, known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. Despite their theological differences, these groups united against Jesus, reflecting the threat He posed to their authority and the established religious order. Historically, this collaboration underscores the political and religious tensions of first-century Judea under Roman occupation.

had given orders
The Greek word used here, "ἐδίδοσαν" (edidosan), implies a formal command or decree. This indicates the seriousness with which the religious leaders viewed the situation. Their decision to issue such orders reveals their determination to maintain control and eliminate what they perceived as a destabilizing influence. This action is a precursor to the eventual arrest and crucifixion of Jesus, showing the lengths to which they were willing to go to protect their power.

that if anyone knew where He was
This phrase suggests a widespread awareness of Jesus' movements and the impact of His ministry. The leaders' concern about His location indicates His growing influence and the threat they felt from His teachings and miracles. It also reflects the clandestine nature of their plans, as they sought to apprehend Him away from the public eye to avoid potential unrest among the people who followed Him.

he should report it
The use of the word "report" implies a sense of surveillance and betrayal. The religious leaders were enlisting the general populace in their efforts to capture Jesus, turning ordinary people into informants. This tactic reveals their desperation and the extent of their fear of Jesus' influence. It also foreshadows the betrayal by Judas, one of Jesus' own disciples, highlighting the theme of betrayal that runs through the Passion narrative.

so that they might arrest Him
The ultimate goal of the religious leaders was to arrest Jesus, which in the context of the Gospel narrative, is a pivotal moment leading to His crucifixion. The Greek word "συλλάβωσιν" (syllabōsin) used here for "arrest" conveys a sense of seizing or capturing, indicating the forceful nature of their intentions. This reflects the fulfillment of prophetic scriptures regarding the Messiah's suffering and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through Jesus' sacrificial death. Historically, this arrest was a significant event that set in motion the Passion Week, leading to the pivotal events of the Christian faith.