Some time later
This phrase indicates a transition in the narrative, suggesting a passage of time since the previous events described in John 4. The Greek term used here, "μετὰ ταῦτα" (meta tauta), implies a sequence of events, underscoring the ongoing ministry of Jesus. It reminds us that the Gospel of John is not a day-by-day account but a selective narrative with theological intent. This phrase invites readers to consider the continuity of Jesus' mission and the unfolding revelation of His identity and purpose.

there was a feast of the Jews
The specific feast is not named here, leading to various interpretations among scholars. The Greek word "ἑορτή" (heortē) refers to a festival or feast, which was central to Jewish religious life. These feasts, such as Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles, were times of pilgrimage and celebration, deeply rooted in the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. The mention of a feast highlights the setting's religious and cultural significance, providing a backdrop for Jesus' actions and teachings. It also emphasizes Jesus' participation in Jewish customs, affirming His identity as the Jewish Messiah.

and Jesus went up to Jerusalem
The phrase "went up" is significant, as Jerusalem is geographically elevated, and the journey to the city is often described as an ascent. The Greek verb "ἀνέβη" (anebē) conveys this upward movement, symbolizing not only a physical journey but also a spiritual pilgrimage. Jerusalem, the heart of Jewish worship and the location of the Temple, is central to the narrative of Jesus' ministry. His frequent visits to Jerusalem underscore His fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and His role in God's redemptive plan. This journey to Jerusalem foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice Jesus would make there, inviting readers to reflect on His obedience to the Father's will and His love for humanity.

Now there is
This phrase sets the scene in the present tense, indicating the ongoing existence of the location at the time of writing. The use of "now" suggests immediacy and relevance, drawing the reader's attention to the significance of the place about to be described. It implies that the events about to unfold are not just historical but have a present and continuous impact on the faith journey of believers.

in Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the city of peace, holds profound significance in biblical history as the center of Jewish worship and the location of the Temple. It is a city chosen by God, rich in spiritual heritage and prophetic fulfillment. The mention of Jerusalem here underscores the importance of the events that take place within its walls, as it is the backdrop for many of Jesus' miracles and teachings.

near the Sheep Gate
The Sheep Gate, referenced in Nehemiah 3:1, was one of the gates in the walls of Jerusalem, traditionally associated with the entry of sheep for temple sacrifices. This location is symbolic, as it points to Jesus, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29). The proximity to the Sheep Gate highlights the sacrificial nature of Christ's mission and the foreshadowing of His ultimate sacrifice for humanity.

a pool
The pool mentioned here is a place of gathering and healing, a physical location where people sought restoration. In biblical times, pools were often associated with ritual purification and healing. This particular pool becomes a setting for one of Jesus' miraculous healings, emphasizing His power to restore not just physical health but spiritual wholeness.

with five covered colonnades
The five covered colonnades, or porticoes, provided shelter and a place for the sick and disabled to gather. The number five in biblical numerology often symbolizes grace. The presence of these colonnades suggests a place of grace and mercy, where those in need could find refuge and hope. It sets the stage for the demonstration of Jesus' compassion and divine grace.

which in Hebrew is called Bethesda
The name "Bethesda" is derived from the Hebrew words "beth" (house) and "chesed" (mercy), meaning "house of mercy." This name is profoundly fitting, as it reflects the nature of the miracles performed there. Bethesda becomes a symbol of God's mercy and healing power, a place where Jesus reveals His divine authority and compassion for the suffering. The use of the Hebrew name connects the narrative to the Jewish heritage and the fulfillment of God's promises through Christ.

In these lay
This phrase sets the scene for the miraculous event that is about to unfold. The Greek word for "lay" is "katakeimai," which implies a state of being laid down or reclining, often due to illness or incapacity. This word paints a vivid picture of helplessness and dependency, highlighting the dire need for divine intervention. The setting is the pool of Bethesda, a place believed to have healing properties, which draws a multitude of those in desperate need of physical restoration.

a multitude
The term "multitude" is translated from the Greek word "plethos," indicating a large number of people. This emphasizes the widespread suffering and the common human condition of brokenness and need. Historically, this reflects the societal conditions of the time, where many were afflicted with various ailments and had limited access to medical care. The presence of such a large group underscores the significance of Jesus' ministry, which often focused on those marginalized by society.

of the sick
The word "sick" comes from the Greek "asthenounton," meaning weak or infirm. This encompasses a broad range of physical ailments and conditions. In the biblical context, sickness is often seen as a consequence of the fallen world, a reminder of humanity's need for redemption and healing that only God can provide. The sick gathered at Bethesda represent the spiritual sickness of humanity, longing for the healing touch of the Savior.

blind
The Greek word "tuphlos" is used here, referring to those who are physically unable to see. In Scripture, blindness is often used metaphorically to describe spiritual blindness or a lack of understanding of God's truth. Jesus' healing of the blind throughout the Gospels serves as a powerful symbol of His ability to bring spiritual sight and enlightenment to those who are lost in darkness.

lame
"Lame" is translated from the Greek "cholos," meaning crippled or unable to walk. This condition signifies a lack of mobility and independence, often leading to social isolation. In the biblical narrative, the healing of the lame is a testament to Jesus' power to restore not only physical ability but also to reintegrate individuals into the community, symbolizing the restoration of relationships and wholeness in the body of Christ.

and paralyzed
The term "paralyzed" comes from the Greek "xeros," which can mean withered or dried up, often used to describe limbs that are immobile. This condition represents a total inability to act or move, highlighting the complete dependence on others for assistance. In a spiritual sense, paralysis can symbolize the inability to respond to God's call without His enabling grace. The healing of the paralyzed by Jesus is a profound demonstration of His authority to renew and empower individuals to live out their God-given purpose.

For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water whosoever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in was made whole of whatsoever disease he had
For an angel went down
The phrase "an angel went down" suggests divine intervention in the natural world. In the Greek, "angel" (ἄγγελος, angelos) means "messenger." This reflects the belief that God uses His messengers to accomplish His will on earth. The descent of the angel signifies a moment when heaven touches earth, a reminder of God's active presence in the world.

at a certain season
The term "certain season" implies a specific, divinely appointed time. In the Greek, "season" (καιρός, kairos) refers to an opportune or appointed time. This highlights the idea that God's timing is perfect and purposeful, and that He orchestrates events according to His divine plan.

into the pool
The "pool" refers to the Pool of Bethesda, a site of healing in Jerusalem. Archaeological discoveries have confirmed the existence of such pools, which were believed to have curative properties. This setting underscores the theme of healing and restoration, both physically and spiritually, that is central to the Gospel message.

and troubled the water
The "troubling of the water" suggests a supernatural stirring, indicating a moment of divine activity. The Greek word for "troubled" (ταράσσω, tarassō) means to agitate or stir up. This imagery evokes the idea of God stirring the hearts of His people, prompting them to respond in faith to His call.

whosoever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in
This phrase emphasizes the urgency and immediacy of responding to God's invitation. The notion of being "first" suggests a competitive aspect, reflecting the human desire for healing and wholeness. It also serves as a metaphor for the need to seize the moment of God's grace when it is offered.

was made whole
To be "made whole" signifies complete healing and restoration. In the Greek, "whole" (ὑγιής, hygiēs) means sound or healthy. This reflects the holistic nature of God's salvation, which encompasses physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. It is a reminder of Jesus' mission to bring life in all its fullness.

of whatsoever disease he had
The phrase "whatsoever disease" underscores the universality of God's healing power. No ailment is beyond His ability to heal. This inclusivity reflects the boundless nature of God's mercy and grace, available to all who seek Him in faith.

One man
This phrase introduces us to a specific individual among the multitude of sick people at the Pool of Bethesda. The Greek word used here is "ἄνθρωπος" (anthrōpos), which is a general term for "man" or "human being." This highlights the personal nature of Jesus' ministry, focusing on individual needs amidst the crowd. It reminds us that God sees each person uniquely and personally, emphasizing the value of every human life.

there
The word "there" situates the man in a specific location, the Pool of Bethesda, which was known for its healing waters. Archaeological discoveries have confirmed the existence of this pool, providing historical context to the narrative. This setting is significant as it was a place where many sought physical healing, yet this man's healing would come not from the water, but from Jesus Himself, illustrating the superiority of divine intervention over traditional beliefs.

had been
This phrase indicates a continuous state, suggesting that the man's condition was not temporary but a long-standing affliction. The Greek verb "ἔχω" (echō) implies possession or holding, indicating that the man had been "holding" this condition for a significant period. This highlights the chronic nature of his suffering and sets the stage for the miraculous change Jesus would bring.

an invalid
The term "invalid" translates the Greek word "ἀσθενέω" (astheneō), meaning to be weak, feeble, or sick. This word underscores the man's helplessness and inability to change his situation on his own. It reflects the broader human condition of spiritual and physical weakness, pointing to the need for a Savior who can restore and heal.

for thirty-eight years
The specific mention of "thirty-eight years" emphasizes the duration and severity of the man's condition. In biblical numerology, the number thirty-eight can symbolize a period of trial or testing. This long duration of suffering highlights the depth of the miracle Jesus performs, as it demonstrates His power to overcome even the most entrenched afflictions. It also serves as a reminder of God's perfect timing and the hope that persists even after prolonged hardship.

When Jesus saw him lying there
The phrase begins with "When Jesus saw him," indicating the divine perception and compassion of Jesus. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which implies not just a casual glance but a deep, discerning look. Jesus' ability to see beyond the physical into the spiritual and emotional state of the man is significant. This reflects the omniscience of Christ, who knows our struggles and pains intimately. The setting is the pool of Bethesda, a place where many disabled individuals gathered, hoping for healing. Jesus' attention to this particular man highlights His personal care and intentionality in seeking out those in need.

and realized that he had already been there a long time
The word "realized" comes from the Greek "γνοὺς" (gnous), meaning to know or perceive. This suggests Jesus' awareness of the man's prolonged suffering, which had lasted thirty-eight years. The historical context here is crucial; the pool was believed to have healing properties when its waters were stirred, yet this man had been unable to benefit from it. Jesus' understanding of the man's long-term affliction underscores His empathy and readiness to intervene in our lives, no matter how long we have been in distress.

He asked him, 'Do you want to get well?'
The question "Do you want to get well?" is profound. The Greek word for "want" is "θέλεις" (theleis), which implies a desire or wish. This question is not merely about physical healing but also addresses the man's will and readiness for transformation. Jesus' inquiry challenges the man to reflect on his own desires and readiness to embrace change. In a broader scriptural context, this question can be seen as an invitation to all believers to consider their own willingness to accept the healing and transformative power of Christ in their lives. It is a call to faith and action, urging us to move beyond complacency and into the abundant life Jesus offers.

Sir
The Greek word used here is "κύριε" (kyrie), which is often translated as "Lord" or "Sir." This term reflects a recognition of authority or respect. In the context of the Gospel of John, it is significant as it shows the invalid's acknowledgment of Jesus' authority, even if he does not fully understand who Jesus is. This term sets the stage for the miraculous healing that follows, highlighting the respect and hope placed in Jesus by those in need.

the invalid replied
The term "invalid" is translated from the Greek word "ἀσθενῶν" (asthenōn), which means weak or sick. This word emphasizes the man's physical condition and his long-term suffering. Historically, this reflects the plight of many who were marginalized and left without help in ancient societies. The use of "replied" indicates a direct response to Jesus' question, showing the man's willingness to engage despite his hopeless situation.

I have no one to help me
This phrase underscores the man's isolation and desperation. In the cultural and historical context of the time, family and community played crucial roles in providing care. His statement reveals a lack of social support, which was vital for survival, especially for those with disabilities. This highlights the compassion of Jesus, who steps in where human help is absent.

into the pool when the water is stirred
The pool referred to is the Pool of Bethesda, believed to have healing properties when its waters were stirred. Archaeological discoveries have confirmed the existence of such pools in Jerusalem, adding historical credibility to the account. The stirring of the water was thought to be caused by an angel, and the first to enter the pool would be healed. This belief reflects the desperation and hope of those seeking healing, and it sets the stage for Jesus to demonstrate His power over traditional beliefs and practices.

While I am trying to get in
This phrase indicates the man's persistent effort despite his condition. The Greek verb "προσέρχομαι" (proserchomai) suggests an ongoing attempt, reflecting his determination and hope for healing. It also highlights the futility of his efforts without assistance, setting the scene for Jesus' intervention.

someone else goes down ahead of me
This part of the verse illustrates the competitive and often harsh reality faced by those seeking healing at the pool. The phrase "goes down ahead" suggests a race against time and others, emphasizing the man's helplessness. It also reflects the broader human condition of striving for healing and wholeness, often hindered by circumstances beyond one's control. Jesus' subsequent miracle transcends this competition, offering grace and healing directly to the man.

Then Jesus told him
This phrase marks a pivotal moment of divine intervention. The Greek word for "told" is "λέγει" (legei), which implies a command with authority. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus' words are not mere suggestions but carry the power of God Himself. Historically, this moment occurs at the Pool of Bethesda, a place known for its healing waters, yet it is Jesus' word, not the water, that brings healing. This underscores the authority of Christ over physical ailments and the spiritual realm.

Get up
The Greek word used here is "ἔγειρε" (egeire), which means to rise or awaken. This command is not just a physical instruction but a call to new life and transformation. In the broader scriptural context, rising is often associated with resurrection and renewal. Jesus' command to "get up" is a metaphor for spiritual awakening, urging believers to rise from the paralysis of sin and despair.

pick up your mat
The instruction to "pick up" uses the Greek word "ἆρον" (aron), which means to lift or carry. The mat, or "κραββάτῳ" (krabbato), was a simple bedroll, symbolizing the man's previous state of helplessness. By carrying his mat, the healed man publicly demonstrates his healing and newfound strength. This act signifies the complete and undeniable nature of Jesus' miracles, challenging the religious norms of the Sabbath and showcasing the transformative power of faith.

and walk
The Greek word for "walk" is "περιπάτει" (peripatei), which means to walk around or live. This command is not only about physical movement but also about living a life of faith and testimony. Walking implies progress and journey, suggesting that the man's healing is not just a return to normalcy but an invitation to a new path of discipleship. In the historical context, walking was a sign of freedom and ability, a stark contrast to the man's previous immobility.

Immediately
The word "immediately" underscores the instantaneous nature of Jesus' healing power. In the Greek, the term used is "εὐθέως" (eutheos), which conveys a sense of urgency and directness. This immediate healing signifies the authority and divinity of Christ, who transcends natural processes. It reflects the transformative power of faith and divine intervention, reminding believers that God's timing is perfect and His power is limitless.

the man was made well
This phrase highlights the complete restoration of the man's health. The Greek word "ὑγιής" (hugiēs) implies wholeness and soundness, not just physical healing but a return to full health. This healing is a testament to Jesus' compassion and His mission to restore and redeem. It serves as a metaphor for spiritual healing, where Christ offers restoration to those who are spiritually broken.

and he picked up his mat
The act of picking up his mat is significant. The mat, or "κραββάτῳ" (krabbatos) in Greek, symbolizes the man's previous state of infirmity. By carrying it, he demonstrates his newfound strength and freedom. This action is a public testimony of the miracle he experienced, encouraging believers to bear witness to the transformative work of Christ in their lives.

and began to walk
Walking signifies a new beginning and a return to normalcy. The Greek "περιπατεῖν" (peripatein) suggests ongoing action, indicating that the man continued to walk, embracing his new life. This symbolizes the Christian journey, where believers, once healed by Christ, are called to walk in faith and righteousness, leaving behind their past burdens.

Now this happened on the Sabbath day
The mention of the Sabbath is crucial. The Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, is rooted in Jewish law and tradition. By performing this miracle on the Sabbath, Jesus challenges the legalistic interpretation of the law, emphasizing mercy and compassion over ritual. This act foreshadows the new covenant, where Jesus fulfills the law and offers rest for the soul. It invites believers to reflect on the spirit of the law, prioritizing love and grace over rigid adherence to rules.

so the Jews
The term "Jews" in the Gospel of John often refers to the Jewish leaders or authorities, particularly those who were opposed to Jesus. In the historical context, these leaders were primarily the Pharisees and Sadducees, who were deeply concerned with the observance of the Law. The Greek word used here is "Ἰουδαῖοι" (Ioudaioi), which can denote the Jewish people in general but often specifically points to the religious leaders in the context of John's Gospel. This highlights the tension between Jesus' ministry and the established religious order of the time.

said to the man who had been healed
The phrase emphasizes the miraculous nature of the man's healing, which was performed by Jesus earlier in the chapter. The Greek word for "healed" is "θεραπευθείς" (therapeutheis), indicating a complete restoration to health. This miraculous act should have been a cause for celebration, yet the focus of the Jewish leaders was on the perceived violation of the Sabbath law. This contrast underscores the spiritual blindness and legalism that Jesus often confronted.

This is the Sabbath!
The Sabbath, or "σάββατον" (sabbaton) in Greek, was a day set apart for rest and worship, as commanded in the Mosaic Law (Exodus 20:8-11). It was a sign of the covenant between God and Israel, a day to cease from labor and remember God's provision. However, by the time of Jesus, the Sabbath had become encumbered with numerous additional regulations imposed by religious leaders, which often overshadowed its original intent. This exclamation by the Jewish leaders reveals their prioritization of legalistic observance over the spirit of the law.

It is unlawful
The Greek word "οὐκ ἔξεστιν" (ouk exestin) translates to "it is not lawful," reflecting the leaders' strict interpretation of the Sabbath laws. According to their traditions, carrying a burden was considered work, which was prohibited on the Sabbath. This legalistic approach often missed the heart of God's commandments, which were meant to bring life and freedom, not bondage.

for you to carry your mat
The "mat," or "κράββατον" (krabbaton) in Greek, was a simple pallet or bedroll, likely the only possession of the man who had been healed. The act of carrying it was seen as a violation of the Sabbath by the religious leaders. However, this highlights a deeper spiritual truth: Jesus, the Lord of the Sabbath, had given the man new life and freedom, symbolized by his ability to carry his mat. This act was a testimony to the transformative power of Christ, challenging the rigid interpretations of the law and pointing to the greater rest found in Him.

But he answered
This phrase introduces the response of the man who had been healed. The Greek word for "answered" is "apekrithē," which implies a reply to a question or accusation. In the context of John 5, the healed man is responding to the Jewish leaders who questioned him about carrying his mat on the Sabbath. This highlights the tension between Jesus' miraculous works and the religious leaders' strict interpretation of the law. The man's answer is a testament to the authority of Jesus' command over traditional legalistic constraints.

The man who made me well
The phrase "made me well" is translated from the Greek "iasato," meaning to heal or cure. This emphasizes the completeness of the healing that Jesus provided. The man identifies Jesus not by name but by His miraculous act, underscoring the transformative power of Jesus' intervention. Historically, this healing took place at the Pool of Bethesda, a site known for its supposed healing properties, yet it was Jesus' word, not the water, that brought true healing.

said to me
The Greek word "eipen" is used here, indicating a direct and authoritative statement. This highlights the personal nature of Jesus' interaction with the man. Jesus' words carry divine authority, and the healed man acknowledges this by following His command. This reflects the broader theme in John's Gospel of Jesus as the Word made flesh, whose spoken word has the power to bring about physical and spiritual transformation.

Pick up your mat
The command to "pick up your mat" is significant. The Greek word for "pick up" is "aron," which means to lift or carry. This action was controversial because it was performed on the Sabbath, a day when carrying burdens was prohibited by Jewish law. However, Jesus' instruction signifies a new understanding of the Sabbath, one that prioritizes mercy and the well-being of individuals over rigid legalism. The mat, a symbol of the man's former infirmity, becomes a testimony to his healing and a challenge to the prevailing religious norms.

and walk
The Greek word "peripatei" means to walk or to live. This command not only restored the man's physical ability to walk but also symbolized a new way of life. Walking is often used metaphorically in Scripture to describe one's conduct or manner of living. By commanding the man to walk, Jesus invites him into a new existence, free from the constraints of his past affliction. This act of walking is a public declaration of the miracle and a witness to the power of Jesus' word.

Who is this man
This phrase reflects a sense of curiosity and perhaps skepticism from the Jewish leaders questioning the healed man. In the Greek, "Who" (τίς) is an interrogative pronoun that seeks to identify or specify a person. The Jewish leaders are not just asking for identification but are probing the authority and identity of Jesus. Historically, this reflects the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, who were often challenged by His actions and teachings. The question underscores the theme of authority and identity that runs throughout the Gospel of John, pointing to Jesus as the divine Son of God.

who told you
The phrase "who told you" (ὁ εἰπών σοι) indicates a focus on the command given to the healed man. The verb "told" (εἰπών) is an aorist participle, suggesting a completed action. This highlights the authority of Jesus' words, which were not merely suggestions but commands that carried divine power. In the broader scriptural context, the words of Jesus are life-giving and transformative, as seen in His many miracles and teachings.

to pick it up
"To pick it up" (ἆρον) refers to the command given by Jesus to the man to take up his mat. The verb "pick up" (αἴρω) is an imperative, indicating a direct command. This action was significant because it was performed on the Sabbath, a day when carrying burdens was traditionally prohibited by Jewish law. Theologically, this act symbolizes the new covenant in Christ, where the spirit of the law is fulfilled in love and mercy, transcending the letter of the law.

and walk
The phrase "and walk" (καὶ περιπάτει) completes the command. The verb "walk" (περιπατέω) is also in the imperative mood, emphasizing the action of moving forward. Walking signifies not only physical healing but also spiritual renewal and freedom. In the context of John's Gospel, walking in the light of Christ is a metaphor for living a life of faith and obedience. This command to walk is a call to live out one's faith actively, reflecting the transformative power of Jesus' ministry.

But the man who was healed
This phrase refers to the man who had been an invalid for thirty-eight years, lying by the Pool of Bethesda. The Greek word for "healed" is "ἰάομαι" (iaomai), which means to cure or restore to health. This miraculous healing signifies not only physical restoration but also points to the spiritual healing that Jesus offers. In a broader theological context, it reflects the transformative power of Christ, who heals both body and soul, emphasizing the holistic nature of His ministry.

did not know who it was
The man's ignorance of Jesus' identity highlights the humility and subtlety of Christ's actions. Jesus often performed miracles without seeking recognition, focusing instead on the act of compassion and the individual's need. This anonymity underscores the grace of God, which is given freely and often without our full understanding or acknowledgment. It also serves as a reminder that divine encounters can occur in the most unexpected ways and through unrecognized means.

for Jesus had slipped away
The Greek verb "ἐκνεύω" (ekneuo) used here means to withdraw or slip away quietly. This action reflects Jesus' intentional avoidance of public acclaim and potential conflict with the Jewish leaders. It illustrates His wisdom in navigating His ministry amidst growing opposition. Jesus' withdrawal also serves as a metaphor for the elusive nature of divine encounters, where God may act in our lives in ways that are not immediately apparent or understood.

while the crowd was there
The presence of the crowd signifies the public nature of Jesus' ministry and the widespread interest in His works. However, it also represents the potential for misunderstanding and misinterpretation of His mission. The crowd often symbolizes the world's distractions and the superficial understanding of Jesus' true purpose. In this context, Jesus' slipping away suggests the importance of personal faith and relationship with Him, beyond the noise and opinions of the masses.

Afterward, Jesus found him in the temple
This phrase indicates a deliberate action by Jesus. The Greek word for "found" (εὑρίσκω, heuriskō) suggests an intentional search, highlighting Jesus' purposeful engagement with the man He healed. The setting, "in the temple," is significant. The temple was the center of Jewish religious life, a place of worship and teaching. Jesus' presence there underscores His role as a teacher and healer, fulfilling the Messianic prophecies and emphasizing the importance of spiritual restoration alongside physical healing.

and said to him
This phrase introduces a direct communication from Jesus, emphasizing His personal and authoritative approach. The Greek verb "said" (λέγω, legō) is often used in the Gospels to convey important teachings or revelations. Jesus' words are not merely casual conversation but carry weight and purpose, reflecting His divine authority and concern for the man's holistic well-being.

See, you have been made well
The word "See" (ἴδε, ide) is an imperative, drawing the man's attention to the reality of his healing. It serves as a reminder of the miraculous change in his condition. "You have been made well" (ὑγιὴς γέγονας, hygiēs gegonas) indicates a complete restoration, not just physically but potentially spiritually. The perfect tense of "made well" suggests a lasting transformation, pointing to the comprehensive nature of Jesus' healing power.

Stop sinning
This command (μηκέτι ἁμάρτανε, mēketi hamartane) is a call to repentance and a change in lifestyle. The present imperative "stop" implies an ongoing action that needs to cease. The term "sinning" (ἁμαρτάνω, hamartanō) in the Greek context refers to missing the mark or straying from God's will. Jesus' instruction highlights the connection between sin and suffering, urging the man to pursue righteousness as a response to the grace he has received.

or something worse may happen to you
This warning (ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν σοί τι γένηται, hina mē cheiron soi ti genētai) serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin. The phrase "something worse" suggests that spiritual consequences can surpass physical ailments. Historically, Jewish thought often linked sin with suffering, and Jesus' words align with this understanding, emphasizing the seriousness of sin and the need for repentance. This statement underscores the eternal perspective of Jesus' ministry, where spiritual health is paramount.

The man went away
This phrase indicates a transition and a deliberate action taken by the man who had been healed. The Greek word used here for "went away" is "ἀπῆλθεν" (apēlthen), which implies a departure with purpose. In the context of the narrative, this action signifies the man's acknowledgment of the miracle he experienced and his intent to share this transformative event. Historically, this reflects the cultural practice of testifying to significant events, especially those involving divine intervention.

and told the Jews
The phrase "told the Jews" is significant in the context of the Gospel of John, where "the Jews" often refers to the Jewish leaders or authorities rather than the Jewish people as a whole. The Greek word "ἀνήγγειλεν" (anēngeilen) means to announce or report, suggesting that the man was eager to share the news of his healing. This reflects the societal structure where religious leaders held significant influence, and any miraculous event would naturally be reported to them. It also sets the stage for the ensuing conflict between Jesus and the Jewish authorities, highlighting the tension between Jesus' ministry and the established religious order.

that it was Jesus
This phrase identifies Jesus as the source of the healing. The Greek "Ἰησοῦς" (Iēsous) is the Hellenized form of the Hebrew name "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." By naming Jesus, the man not only acknowledges the miracle but also points to the divine authority and identity of Jesus. This declaration is pivotal in the narrative, as it directly associates Jesus with the miraculous act, thereby affirming His divine mission and authority.

who had made him well
The phrase "made him well" translates the Greek "ἐποίησεν αὐτὸν ὑγιῆ" (epoiēsen auton hygiē), which means to make whole or healthy. This not only refers to the physical healing of the man but also carries a deeper spiritual connotation of restoration and salvation. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus' healings are often symbolic of spiritual renewal and the coming of God's kingdom. This act of making well is a testament to Jesus' power and compassion, serving as a sign of His messianic role and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the coming of a healer and savior.

Now because
This phrase introduces a causal relationship, indicating that the actions of Jesus directly led to the subsequent response from the Jewish leaders. In the Greek, the word "διὰ" (dia) is often used to denote "because" or "on account of," emphasizing the direct link between Jesus' actions and the reaction they provoked. This sets the stage for understanding the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, highlighting the cause-and-effect nature of His ministry and the opposition it faced.

Jesus was doing
The continuous tense here suggests ongoing action. The Greek verb "ἐποίει" (epoiei) implies that Jesus' actions were not isolated incidents but part of a consistent pattern of behavior. This reflects the active and persistent nature of Jesus' ministry, which often challenged the established norms and traditions of the time. His works were not just miracles but signs pointing to His divine authority and mission.

these things
This phrase refers to the miraculous healings and teachings of Jesus, particularly the healing of the man at the pool of Bethesda earlier in the chapter. The Greek "ταῦτα" (tauta) is a demonstrative pronoun, indicating specific actions that were well-known to the audience. These acts were not only miraculous but also provocative, as they challenged the prevailing interpretations of the Law.

on the Sabbath
The Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, was central to Jewish religious life. The Greek "σαββάτῳ" (sabbato) underscores the significance of this day, which was instituted by God as a covenant sign with Israel. Jesus' actions on the Sabbath were seen as controversial because they appeared to violate traditional Sabbath observance. However, Jesus redefined the understanding of the Sabbath, emphasizing mercy and the fulfillment of God's purposes over rigid legalism.

the Jews
In the context of John's Gospel, "the Jews" often refers to the Jewish religious leaders and authorities who opposed Jesus. The Greek "οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι" (hoi Ioudaioi) can denote the broader Jewish population, but here it specifically points to those in positions of power who felt threatened by Jesus' teachings and actions. This highlights the growing conflict between Jesus and the established religious order.

began to persecute Him
The Greek verb "ἐδίωκον" (ediōkon) indicates a deliberate and sustained effort to oppose and harm Jesus. This persecution was not merely a reaction to a single event but part of a broader campaign against Him. The religious leaders saw Jesus as a threat to their authority and the stability of their traditions. This persecution foreshadows the increasing hostility that would eventually lead to Jesus' crucifixion, underscoring the cost of His mission and the depth of His commitment to fulfilling the Father's will.

But Jesus answered them
This phrase introduces Jesus' response to the Jewish leaders who were questioning Him. The Greek word for "answered" (ἀπεκρίνατο, apekrinato) implies a formal and authoritative response. Jesus is not merely replying; He is making a definitive statement. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often uses such responses to reveal deeper truths about His identity and mission. This sets the stage for a profound theological declaration.

To this very day
The phrase emphasizes continuity and the ongoing nature of God's work. The Greek word "ἕως ἄρτι" (heōs arti) suggests an unbroken timeline. Historically, this counters the Jewish leaders' understanding of the Sabbath. While they saw the Sabbath as a day of rest, Jesus points out that God's sustaining work in creation never ceases. This challenges their interpretation and invites them to see the Sabbath in a new light.

My Father
By referring to God as "My Father," Jesus makes a radical claim about His unique relationship with God. The Greek word "πατήρ" (patēr) is used here, which in Jewish culture was a term of intimacy and authority. This statement is significant because it asserts Jesus' divine sonship, a central theme in John's Gospel. It also implies equality with God, which was a provocative claim to His audience.

is at His work
The phrase indicates continuous action. The Greek verb "ἐργάζεται" (ergazetai) is in the present tense, suggesting ongoing activity. This reflects the Jewish understanding that God sustains the universe at all times, even on the Sabbath. Jesus is aligning His actions with the Father's, indicating that His work is a continuation of God's divine activity.

and I too am working
Here, Jesus aligns His mission with the Father's work. The Greek word "ἐργάζομαι" (ergazomai) is used again, reinforcing the idea of active, purposeful labor. This statement is a declaration of Jesus' divine authority and mission. It underscores the unity between the Father and the Son, a key theological point in John's Gospel. Jesus is not merely a human teacher; He is participating in the divine work of redemption and restoration.

This was why
The phrase "This was why" serves as a connective tissue linking the preceding narrative to the current verse. It indicates a cause-and-effect relationship, emphasizing the gravity of the situation. The Greek word used here, "διὰ τοῦτο" (dia touto), underscores the rationale behind the actions of the Jewish leaders. It is a reminder of the escalating tension between Jesus and the religious authorities, setting the stage for the unfolding drama of His ministry.

the Jews
In the context of the Gospel of John, "the Jews" often refers to the Jewish religious leaders rather than the Jewish people as a whole. This distinction is crucial for understanding the dynamics at play. The religious leaders were the custodians of the Law and traditions, and they perceived Jesus as a threat to their authority and interpretation of the Law. Historically, this reflects the broader conflict between Jesus' revolutionary teachings and the established religious order.

were seeking all the more to kill Him
The phrase "were seeking all the more to kill Him" reveals the intensity of the opposition Jesus faced. The Greek verb "ζητοῦν" (zētoun) implies a continuous and determined effort. This hostility was not a spontaneous reaction but a calculated decision driven by fear and misunderstanding. The leaders saw Jesus as a blasphemer and a disruptor of their religious norms, which, in their view, justified their extreme response.

not only was He breaking the Sabbath
The accusation of "breaking the Sabbath" is central to the conflict. The Greek word "λύει" (lyei) means to loosen or dissolve, suggesting that Jesus was perceived as undermining the Sabbath laws. However, Jesus' actions were not about abolishing the Sabbath but fulfilling its true purpose. He demonstrated that the Sabbath was made for man's benefit, not as a burdensome legalistic requirement. This highlights the tension between legalism and the spirit of the Law.

but He was even calling God His own Father
The phrase "calling God His own Father" is a profound declaration of Jesus' unique relationship with God. The Greek word "ἴδιον" (idion) implies a personal and exclusive claim. This was revolutionary and scandalous to the Jewish leaders, as it suggested an intimacy with God that was unheard of. It challenged their understanding of God as distant and unapproachable, introducing a new paradigm of divine relationship.

making Himself equal with God
The assertion "making Himself equal with God" is the crux of the theological controversy. The Greek word "ἴσον" (ison) denotes equality in nature and essence. This was a direct claim to divinity, which the Jewish leaders considered blasphemous. From a conservative Christian perspective, this verse affirms the doctrine of the Trinity and the deity of Christ. It underscores the belief that Jesus is fully God and fully man, a cornerstone of Christian faith.

So Jesus replied
This phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His authority and intentionality in addressing the concerns or misunderstandings of His audience. The Greek word for "replied" (ἀπεκρίθη) suggests a formal and thoughtful answer, underscoring the importance of what follows. In the context of John 5, Jesus is responding to the Jewish leaders who were questioning His actions and authority, particularly after healing on the Sabbath. This sets the stage for a profound theological declaration about His relationship with the Father.

Truly, truly
The repetition of "truly" (ἀμὴν ἀμὴν) is a Hebraic expression used to emphasize the truth and importance of the statement. It is akin to saying "Amen, Amen," which is a solemn affirmation of the truth. In the Gospel of John, this phrase is used by Jesus to introduce significant teachings, highlighting the certainty and divine authority behind His words. It serves as a call for the listener to pay close attention to the profound truth being revealed.

I tell you
This phrase underscores the personal authority of Jesus in His teaching. The Greek word λέγω (lego) is used here, which means "to say" or "to speak." It reflects the direct communication from Jesus to His audience, emphasizing that what follows is not merely opinion but divine revelation. In the context of the Gospel, Jesus often uses this phrase to introduce teachings that reveal His divine nature and mission.

the Son can do nothing by Himself
This statement highlights the intimate and dependent relationship between Jesus (the Son) and God the Father. The Greek word for "nothing" (οὐδέν) emphasizes the complete reliance of the Son on the Father. This is not a statement of limitation but rather one of divine unity and purpose. It reflects the perfect harmony and submission within the Trinity, where the Son's actions are fully aligned with the Father's will.

unless He sees the Father doing it
Here, Jesus speaks of His divine insight and unity with the Father. The Greek word βλέπει (blepei), meaning "sees," indicates a continuous and intimate observation. This phrase suggests that Jesus' actions are a direct reflection of the Father's will and work. It underscores the concept of Jesus as the perfect revelation of God, acting in complete accordance with the Father's purposes.

For whatever the Father does
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive scope of the Father's work. The Greek word ὅσα (hosa), meaning "whatever," indicates the totality of the Father's actions. It suggests that there is nothing the Father does that is outside the Son's knowledge or participation. This highlights the unity and co-operation within the Godhead, where the Son is fully engaged in the divine mission.

the Son also does
This concluding phrase affirms the active participation of the Son in the Father's work. The Greek word ποιεῖ (poiei), meaning "does," indicates ongoing action. It reflects the perfect obedience and unity of purpose between the Father and the Son. This statement is a profound declaration of the divinity of Jesus, affirming that His works are the works of God Himself. It serves as a powerful testament to the unity and co-equality of the Father and the Son within the Trinity.

The Father loves the Son
This phrase underscores the intimate and eternal relationship between God the Father and Jesus Christ, His Son. The Greek word for "loves" here is "φιλεῖ" (philei), which denotes a deep, affectionate love. This is not merely a functional or duty-bound relationship but one of profound personal connection and delight. In the context of the Trinity, this love is perfect and unchanging, reflecting the unity and harmony within the Godhead. Historically, this relationship is foundational to Christian doctrine, affirming the divinity of Christ and His unique sonship, which is distinct from any human relationship.

and shows Him all He does
The Greek word for "shows" is "δείκνυσιν" (deiknysin), meaning to make known or reveal. This indicates that the Father holds nothing back from the Son, sharing fully His divine plans and purposes. This complete revelation is a testament to the trust and transparency within the Trinity. In a historical context, this challenges any notion that Jesus operated independently of the Father. Instead, it affirms that His works on earth were in perfect alignment with the Father's will, showcasing the divine mission of salvation.

And to your amazement
The phrase "to your amazement" suggests a future revelation that will surpass current understanding. The Greek word "θαυμάζετε" (thaumazete) implies wonder and astonishment. This points to the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through Christ, which would include His miracles, teachings, death, and resurrection. Historically, this would have been a direct address to the Jewish leaders and the people of that time, who were often skeptical or resistant to Jesus' claims and works. It serves as a prophetic statement that God's work through Jesus would defy human expectations and understanding.

He will show Him even greater works than these
The "greater works" refer to the miraculous and redemptive acts that Jesus would perform, culminating in His resurrection and the establishment of the New Covenant. The Greek word "μείζονα" (meizona) means greater or more significant. This promise of greater works is not just about quantity but quality, pointing to the ultimate act of salvation. In a scriptural context, this is a foreshadowing of the transformative power of the Gospel, which would extend beyond physical healings to the spiritual rebirth of humanity. Historically, this would have been a radical statement, challenging the religious leaders' understanding of God's work and inviting them to witness the unfolding of God's kingdom through Christ.

For just as the Father
This phrase establishes the divine authority and power of God the Father. The Greek word for "Father" is "πατήρ" (patēr), which signifies not only a paternal relationship but also authority and origin. In the Jewish context, God as Father is a familiar concept, denoting His role as Creator and Sustainer. This phrase sets the stage for understanding the unity and equality between the Father and the Son, a central theme in the Gospel of John.

raises the dead
The act of raising the dead is a profound demonstration of divine power. The Greek word "ἐγείρει" (egeirei) means to awaken or to raise up. In the Old Testament, God is often depicted as having the power to give life and to resurrect, as seen in the accounts of Elijah and Elisha. This power is uniquely attributed to God, emphasizing His sovereignty over life and death.

and gives them life
The phrase "gives them life" underscores the life-giving nature of God. The Greek word "ζωοποιεῖ" (zōopoiei) means to make alive or to quicken. This is not just physical life but also spiritual life, which is a recurring theme in John's Gospel. The life that God gives is abundant and eternal, reflecting His desire for humanity to experience fullness in Him.

so also the Son
Here, the phrase draws a parallel between the Father and the Son, indicating their shared divine nature and authority. The Greek word "ὁ Υἱός" (ho Huios) refers to the Son, emphasizing His unique relationship with the Father. This equality in power and purpose is a cornerstone of Christian doctrine, affirming the deity of Christ.

gives life
The ability of the Son to give life is a testament to His divine authority. The same Greek word "ζωοποιεῖ" (zōopoiei) is used here, reinforcing the idea that Jesus possesses the same life-giving power as the Father. This is a profound claim, as it asserts that Jesus is not merely a prophet or teacher but is God incarnate, with the power to grant eternal life.

to whom He wishes
This phrase highlights the sovereign will of the Son in dispensing life. The Greek word "θέλει" (thelei) means to will or to desire. It indicates that the giving of life is not arbitrary but is according to the divine will and purpose. This reflects the grace and mercy of God, who desires that all should come to life through His Son.

Furthermore
This word serves as a continuation of a previous thought, indicating that what follows is a further explanation or expansion of Jesus' discourse. In the context of John 5, Jesus is elaborating on His divine authority and relationship with the Father. The Greek word used here, "γὰρ" (gar), often functions to provide reason or explanation, underscoring the logical flow of Jesus' argument about His divine role.

the Father
In the context of the Trinity, "the Father" refers to God the Father, the first person of the Holy Trinity. This highlights the intimate relationship and unity between the Father and the Son. Historically, the Jewish understanding of God as Father was rooted in the Old Testament, where God is seen as the Father of Israel. Jesus' use of "the Father" emphasizes His unique sonship and divine authority.

judges no one
This phrase indicates a shift in the role traditionally attributed to God the Father. In Jewish thought, God was the ultimate judge of humanity. However, Jesus reveals a new dynamic within the Godhead, where the Father delegates the role of judgment to the Son. The Greek word "κρίνει" (krinei) means to judge or decide, emphasizing the authority and discernment involved in judgment.

but has assigned
The word "assigned" suggests a deliberate and authoritative transfer of responsibility. The Greek term "δέδωκεν" (dedōken) implies a giving or granting, indicating that this is a purposeful act by the Father. This highlights the trust and unity within the Trinity, as well as the Son's readiness to fulfill this role.

all judgment
The phrase "all judgment" underscores the comprehensive nature of the authority given to the Son. It is not partial or limited but encompasses all aspects of judgment. The Greek word "κρίσιν" (krisin) refers to the process of judgment or decision-making, emphasizing the Son's complete authority over all matters of divine justice.

to the Son
This phrase identifies Jesus, the Son, as the recipient of this divine authority. It affirms His divinity and His role as the mediator between God and humanity. The Greek "τῷ Υἱῷ" (tō Huiō) emphasizes the Son's unique position within the Trinity. Historically, this was a radical claim, as it positioned Jesus as the ultimate arbiter of divine justice, a role traditionally reserved for God alone.

that all may honor
The phrase "that all may honor" underscores the universality of the call to recognize and revere the Son. The Greek word for "honor" is "τιμάω" (timao), which means to value, respect, or revere. This word is often used in the context of giving due respect to someone of high status or authority. In the historical context of the New Testament, honor was a central value in Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures, often associated with one's social standing and reputation. Here, Jesus is emphasizing that the honor given to Him should be equivalent to that given to God the Father, indicating His divine status and authority.

the Son
"The Son" refers to Jesus Christ, emphasizing His unique relationship with God the Father. In the Gospel of John, Jesus is frequently referred to as the Son, highlighting His divine nature and mission. The term "Son" in this context is not merely a title but a declaration of His divine origin and equality with God. This is a cornerstone of Christian doctrine, affirming the belief in the Trinity and the deity of Christ. Historically, this assertion was radical, as it placed Jesus on the same level as God, challenging the prevailing Jewish understanding of monotheism.

just as they honor the Father
The phrase "just as they honor the Father" establishes a direct comparison between the honor due to Jesus and that due to God the Father. The Greek word "καθώς" (kathos) means "just as" or "in the same way," indicating that the honor given to the Son should be identical to that given to the Father. This equivalence is a profound statement of Jesus' divine nature and His unity with the Father. In the scriptural context, this reflects the consistent theme in John's Gospel of the intimate relationship between the Father and the Son, reinforcing the concept of the Trinity.

Whoever does not honor the Son
This phrase serves as a warning and a statement of consequence. The Greek word "ὁ" (ho) translated as "whoever" is inclusive, indicating that this principle applies universally. The lack of honor towards the Son is not merely a personal failing but a theological error with significant implications. In the historical context, this would have been a direct challenge to those who rejected Jesus' claims of divinity, particularly the religious leaders of His time.

does not honor the Father
The phrase "does not honor the Father" highlights the inseparable link between the Father and the Son. The Greek word "οὐ" (ou) is a strong negation, emphasizing the impossibility of honoring God without honoring Jesus. This statement reinforces the Christian belief that recognition of Jesus as the Son of God is essential to a true relationship with the Father. In the broader scriptural context, this reflects the consistent message of the New Testament that Jesus is the way to the Father (John 14:6).

who sent Him
The phrase "who sent Him" underscores the mission and authority of Jesus as being divinely ordained. The Greek word "πέμπω" (pempo) means "to send," indicating a purposeful action. This highlights the divine initiative in the mission of Jesus, affirming that His coming was not accidental but part of God's redemptive plan. In the historical and scriptural context, this reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah and underscores the unity of purpose between the Father and the Son in the work of salvation.

Truly, truly
The phrase "Truly, truly" is translated from the Greek "ἀμὴν ἀμὴν" (amen amen), which is a solemn affirmation of truth. In the Jewish tradition, "amen" is a declaration of affirmation, often used at the end of prayers. Here, Jesus uses it at the beginning of His statement to emphasize the certainty and importance of what He is about to say. This double use underscores the gravity and reliability of His words, inviting the listener to pay close attention.

I tell you
This phrase indicates a direct and personal communication from Jesus to His audience. In the context of the Gospels, when Jesus says "I tell you," it is a moment of authoritative teaching. It reflects His role as the divine teacher and the Son of God, who speaks with the authority of the Father. This personal address invites the listener into a relationship of trust and obedience.

whoever hears My word
The Greek word for "hears" is "ἀκούει" (akouei), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and obeying. In the biblical context, hearing is often linked with obedience. "My word" refers to the teachings and revelations of Jesus, which are the words of life. This phrase emphasizes the importance of actively listening to and internalizing the message of Christ.

and believes Him who sent Me
The word "believes" comes from the Greek "πιστεύων" (pisteuōn), meaning to have faith or trust. This belief is not merely intellectual assent but involves a deep trust and reliance on God. "Him who sent Me" refers to God the Father, highlighting the divine mission of Jesus. Belief in the Father who sent Jesus is integral to the Christian faith, as it acknowledges the divine authority and purpose of Christ's mission.

has eternal life
"Eternal life" in Greek is "ζωὴν αἰώνιον" (zōēn aiōnion), which signifies not just an unending life but a quality of life that is in communion with God. This life begins the moment one believes and is characterized by a relationship with God through Jesus Christ. It is a present possession, not just a future promise, indicating the transformative power of faith in the believer's life.

and will not come under judgment
The phrase "will not come under judgment" reassures believers of their security in Christ. The Greek word for judgment is "κρίσιν" (krisin), which can mean condemnation or a legal decision. In the context of this verse, it signifies the believer's exemption from the final judgment due to their faith in Christ. This assurance is a cornerstone of Christian hope, emphasizing the grace and mercy of God.

Indeed, he has crossed over from death to life
The imagery of "crossed over" is powerful, suggesting a definitive transition from one state to another. The Greek word "μεταβέβηκεν" (metabebēken) implies a change of place or condition. "From death to life" symbolizes the spiritual transformation that occurs through faith in Christ. Death represents separation from God, while life signifies reconciliation and eternal fellowship with Him. This crossing over is a testament to the redemptive work of Jesus, offering believers a new identity and destiny in Him.

Truly, truly
The phrase "Truly, truly" is translated from the Greek "ἀμὴν ἀμὴν" (amen amen), which is a solemn affirmation of truth. In the Jewish tradition, "amen" is a declaration of affirmation, often used at the end of prayers or statements to signify agreement or truthfulness. Jesus uses this double "amen" to emphasize the certainty and importance of what He is about to say. It underscores the divine authority with which He speaks, demanding the listener's attention and belief.

I tell you
This phrase indicates a direct communication from Jesus to His audience. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often uses this phrase to introduce profound spiritual truths. It is a personal and authoritative declaration, emphasizing that the message comes directly from Him, the Son of God, and carries divine weight.

a time is coming and has now come
This phrase reflects the "already but not yet" tension present in much of Jesus' teaching. The Greek word for "time" here is "ὥρα" (hora), which can mean a specific moment or season. Jesus is indicating that the fulfillment of God's promises is both imminent and already beginning to unfold. This duality points to the inauguration of the Kingdom of God through Jesus' ministry, where the future hope is breaking into the present reality.

when the dead will hear
The "dead" in this context can be understood both literally and metaphorically. Literally, it refers to those who have physically died, but metaphorically, it can also refer to those who are spiritually dead in sin. The Greek word for "hear" is "ἀκούσονται" (akousontai), which implies not just hearing sound but understanding and responding to it. This hearing is an awakening, a call to life that transcends physical death.

the voice of the Son of God
The "voice" signifies authority and power. In the Old Testament, God's voice is often associated with creation and command (e.g., Genesis 1). Here, the "voice of the Son of God" indicates Jesus' divine authority to give life. The title "Son of God" affirms Jesus' unique relationship with the Father, His divinity, and His role in the divine plan of salvation. It is through His voice that the dead are called to life, emphasizing His power over life and death.

and those who hear will live
This promise of life is both immediate and eschatological. The Greek word for "live" is "ζήσουσιν" (zēsousin), which means to be alive or to have life. This life is not merely physical but eternal, a quality of life that begins now and continues forever. It is a life characterized by a restored relationship with God, made possible through Jesus Christ. The assurance that "those who hear will live" is a profound promise of hope and resurrection, central to the Christian faith. It speaks to the transformative power of Christ's call, which brings life out of death and light out of darkness.

For as the Father
This phrase introduces a comparison between the Father and the Son, emphasizing the divine relationship and unity between them. The Greek word for "Father" is "πατήρ" (patēr), which denotes not only a paternal figure but also one who is the originator or source. In the context of the Trinity, the Father is the source of divine life, underscoring His role as the eternal, self-existent God. Historically, this understanding of God as Father was revolutionary, as it introduced a personal and relational aspect to the divine, contrasting with the distant deities of other ancient religions.

has life in Himself
The phrase "has life in Himself" speaks to the self-existence and self-sufficiency of God. The Greek word for "life" is "ζωή" (zōē), which refers to the absolute fullness of life, both essential and ethical, which belongs to God. This life is not derived from any external source but is inherent in God's nature. Theologically, this concept is known as "aseity," meaning God is independent and uncaused. This self-existent life is a foundational attribute of God, affirming His eternal nature and sovereignty over all creation.

so also He has granted
The word "granted" in Greek is "ἔδωκεν" (edōken), which means to give or bestow. This indicates a deliberate act of the Father, conferring upon the Son the same self-existent life. This granting is not a transfer of power but an affirmation of the Son's divine nature and equality with the Father. It highlights the unity and distinct roles within the Trinity, where the Father, in His love and purpose, shares His divine life with the Son.

the Son
The term "Son" refers to Jesus Christ, emphasizing His unique relationship with the Father. In Greek, "υἱός" (huios) signifies not just a biological son but one who shares the same nature and essence. This title affirms the deity of Christ, as He possesses the same divine attributes as the Father. Historically, the early church councils, such as Nicaea, defended this truth against heresies that denied the full divinity of Christ, affirming that the Son is "of the same substance" as the Father.

to have life in Himself
This phrase reiterates the self-existence of the Son, mirroring that of the Father. The Son's possession of life "in Himself" underscores His divine authority and ability to give life to others, a central theme in the Gospel of John. Theologically, this speaks to the Son's role in creation and redemption, as He is the source of spiritual and eternal life for believers. This self-existent life is a testament to the Son's divinity and His integral role in the Godhead, providing assurance of His power to save and sustain those who trust in Him.

And He has given Him authority
The phrase "He has given Him authority" underscores the divine delegation of power from God the Father to Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "authority" is "exousia," which implies not just power but the rightful power to act. This authority is not self-assumed but granted by the Father, emphasizing the unity and harmony within the Trinity. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of a divinely appointed judge, a role that Jesus fulfills perfectly. The authority given to Jesus is comprehensive, covering all aspects of judgment and salvation.

to execute judgment
The phrase "to execute judgment" indicates the active role of Jesus in the final judgment. The Greek word for "execute" is "poieō," meaning to make or do, suggesting an active and deliberate action. Judgment here is not merely a passive observation but an active administration of justice. In the historical context, the Jewish people anticipated a Messiah who would judge the nations. Jesus, as the divine judge, fulfills this expectation, but His judgment is based on righteousness and truth, as seen throughout the New Testament.

because He is the Son of Man
The title "Son of Man" is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, particularly in Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a heavenly figure given dominion and glory. In the New Testament, Jesus frequently uses this title for Himself, emphasizing both His humanity and His divine authority. The phrase "because He is the Son of Man" links Jesus' authority to His unique role as the incarnate God. It highlights the mystery of the Incarnation—Jesus is fully God and fully man. This title reassures believers of His empathy and understanding of human frailty, while also affirming His divine right to judge. Historically, this title would resonate with a first-century Jewish audience familiar with Messianic prophecies, affirming Jesus as the awaited Messiah who bridges heaven and earth.

Do not be amazed at this
The phrase begins with a directive from Jesus, urging His listeners not to be astonished. The Greek word for "amazed" is "θαυμάζω" (thaumazō), which implies a sense of wonder or astonishment. In the context of Jesus' ministry, His teachings and miracles often left people in awe. Here, Jesus is preparing His audience for a profound truth about resurrection and judgment, encouraging them to move beyond mere amazement to understanding and belief. This directive serves as a reminder that the works and words of Jesus, though miraculous, are part of God's divine plan and should be received with faith.

for the hour is coming
This phrase indicates a specific, divinely appointed time. The Greek word "ὥρα" (hōra) can mean a literal hour or a significant moment in time. In the Gospel of John, "the hour" often refers to pivotal moments in Jesus' mission, such as His crucifixion and resurrection. Here, it points to the future event of resurrection and judgment. This assurance of a coming hour reflects the certainty and sovereignty of God's plan, emphasizing that history is moving towards a divinely orchestrated climax.

when all who are in their graves
The phrase "all who are in their graves" speaks to the universality of the resurrection. The Greek word "μνημεῖον" (mnēmeion) refers to a tomb or grave, a place of burial. This indicates that the resurrection will encompass all people, regardless of their earthly status or deeds. The inclusivity of "all" underscores the comprehensive nature of God's redemptive plan, affirming that every person will be subject to His final judgment. This serves as a call to live in readiness for that day, aligning one's life with the teachings of Christ.

will hear His voice
The phrase "will hear His voice" highlights the authority and power of Jesus. The Greek word "ἀκούω" (akouō) means to hear or listen, implying not just the physical act of hearing but also understanding and responding. The "voice" of Jesus is a powerful motif in the Gospel of John, symbolizing His divine authority and the life-giving power of His word. In the context of resurrection, His voice will call forth the dead, demonstrating His lordship over life and death. This assurance of resurrection through His voice offers hope and encouragement to believers, affirming that Jesus holds the keys to eternal life.

and will come out
This phrase signifies the physical act of resurrection, where individuals will emerge from their graves. The Greek word used here is "ἐκπορεύσονται" (ekporeusontai), which implies a movement from one state to another. In the context of the resurrection, it highlights the transformative power of Christ's authority over life and death. Historically, this reflects the Jewish belief in bodily resurrection, a hope deeply rooted in the Old Testament, as seen in Daniel 12:2.

those who have done good
The phrase emphasizes the moral and ethical actions of individuals. The Greek word "ἀγαθὰ" (agatha) refers to actions that are inherently good, beneficial, and aligned with God's will. This reflects the biblical teaching that faith is evidenced by works (James 2:17). The historical context of this phrase is rooted in the Jewish understanding of righteousness, which was not merely about legalistic adherence to the law but about a heart aligned with God's purposes.

to the resurrection of life
This phrase promises eternal life to those who have lived righteously. The Greek word "ζωῆς" (zoēs) signifies not just life in a biological sense but a quality of life that is eternal and in communion with God. This concept is central to Christian eschatology, where the ultimate hope is not just survival after death but a transformed existence in the presence of God. Theologically, it underscores the Christian hope of heaven and eternal fellowship with the Creator.

and those who have done evil
Here, the focus shifts to those whose actions are contrary to God's will. The Greek word "φαῦλα" (phaula) denotes actions that are morally corrupt or worthless. This highlights the biblical teaching that actions have consequences, and there is a divine standard of justice. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of divine retribution, where God is seen as the ultimate judge of human actions.

to the resurrection of judgment
This phrase speaks of a resurrection that leads to divine judgment. The Greek word "κρίσεως" (kriseōs) refers to a legal decision or verdict. In the biblical context, it signifies the final judgment where God will evaluate the lives of individuals. This is a sobering reminder of the reality of divine justice and the importance of living a life that honors God. Theologically, it emphasizes the dual outcomes of resurrection: eternal life for the righteous and judgment for the wicked, as seen in Revelation 20:12-15.

I can do nothing by Myself
This phrase underscores the profound humility and submission of Jesus to the Father. The Greek word for "nothing" (οὐδέν, ouden) emphasizes the totality of Jesus' reliance on the Father. In the historical context of first-century Judea, this statement would have been radical, as it contrasts with the prevailing cultural emphasis on self-sufficiency and personal authority. Jesus, though fully divine, models perfect obedience and dependence on God, setting an example for believers to rely not on their own strength but on God's power.

I judge only as I hear
The Greek word for "judge" (κρίνω, krinō) implies a discerning and authoritative decision-making process. Jesus' judgment is not based on human standards or perceptions but is informed by divine revelation. The phrase "as I hear" suggests an intimate communion with the Father, where Jesus listens and responds to God's guidance. This reflects the Jewish understanding of a prophet who speaks and acts according to God's word, reinforcing Jesus' role as the ultimate prophet and judge.

and My judgment is just
The term "just" (δίκαιος, dikaios) in Greek conveys righteousness and fairness. Jesus' judgments are inherently aligned with God's perfect justice. In the scriptural context, this assures believers that Christ's decisions are free from error or bias, rooted in divine truth. Historically, this would have been a reassurance to early Christians facing persecution, affirming that their faith in Christ's righteous judgment was well-placed.

because I do not seek My own will
Here, Jesus contrasts His mission with human tendencies toward self-interest. The Greek word for "seek" (ζητέω, zēteō) implies an active pursuit or desire. Jesus' mission is not self-serving but is entirely focused on fulfilling God's purposes. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of Jesus as the obedient Son, who prioritizes the Father's will over His own desires, a theme that resonates throughout the Gospels.

but the will of Him who sent Me
The phrase "the will of Him who sent Me" highlights the divine commissioning of Jesus. The Greek word for "will" (θέλημα, thelēma) denotes a deliberate and purposeful plan. Jesus' mission is not self-initiated but is a direct fulfillment of God's redemptive plan for humanity. This aligns with the historical understanding of Jesus as the Messiah, sent by God to accomplish salvation. It serves as a reminder to believers of the importance of aligning their lives with God's will, following Jesus' example of obedience and submission.

If I testify about Myself
In this phrase, Jesus begins by addressing the nature of testimony. The Greek word for "testify" is "μαρτυρέω" (martyreō), which means to bear witness or give evidence. In the Jewish legal system, a single testimony was not considered valid without corroboration (Deuteronomy 19:15). Jesus acknowledges this principle, emphasizing the importance of external validation of His claims. This sets the stage for understanding the divine and human witnesses that affirm His identity and mission.

My testimony is not valid
The term "valid" here is translated from the Greek word "ἀληθής" (alēthēs), meaning true or trustworthy. Jesus is not suggesting that His testimony is false; rather, He is highlighting the necessity of additional witnesses to establish the truth of His claims in the eyes of His audience. This reflects the broader biblical theme of truth being established by multiple witnesses, a principle deeply rooted in Jewish law and tradition. Jesus' statement invites the listener to consider the broader context of His ministry, where His works, the Father, and the Scriptures all testify to His divine authority and mission.

There is another
The phrase "There is another" introduces the concept of an external witness beyond Jesus Himself. In the Greek, "ἄλλος" (allos) implies another of the same kind, suggesting a divine or heavenly witness. This aligns with the Jewish legal requirement for multiple witnesses to establish truth (Deuteronomy 19:15). Historically, this reflects the cultural and legal practices of the time, where testimony was crucial for validation.

who testifies
The Greek word for "testifies" is "μαρτυρέω" (martyreō), which means to bear witness or give evidence. This term is significant in the Johannine context, as the Gospel of John frequently emphasizes the importance of testimony. The act of testifying is not merely a verbal declaration but a profound affirmation of truth, often associated with legal and spiritual authority.

about Me
The focus of the testimony is Jesus Himself. The phrase "about Me" underscores the centrality of Christ in the narrative. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus is the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, and His identity and mission are the core of the Gospel message. This testimony is not just about His works but His divine nature and purpose.

and I know
The phrase "and I know" reflects Jesus' divine self-awareness and certainty. The Greek word "οἶδα" (oida) indicates a deep, intrinsic knowledge, often associated with divine insight. This knowledge is not speculative but assured, highlighting Jesus' unique relationship with the Father and His understanding of divine truth.

that His testimony
"His testimony" refers to the witness of God the Father. In the context of John's Gospel, the Father's testimony is manifested through various means, including the works of Jesus, the Scriptures, and the inner witness of the Spirit. This divine testimony is crucial for authenticating Jesus' claims and mission.

about Me is valid
The term "valid" in Greek is "ἀληθής" (alēthēs), meaning true or genuine. This emphasizes the reliability and truthfulness of the Father's testimony. In a historical and theological context, this assertion of validity is essential for establishing the credibility of Jesus' ministry and His claims to divinity. The validity of the testimony assures believers of the truth of the Gospel and the trustworthiness of Jesus as the Son of God.

You have sent to John
This phrase refers to the Jewish leaders sending a delegation to John the Baptist to inquire about his identity and mission. The act of sending indicates a formal investigation, showing the importance and influence of John at the time. Historically, John the Baptist was a significant prophetic figure, recognized for his role in preparing the way for Jesus. The Jewish leaders' inquiry reflects their awareness of John's impact and the potential threat he posed to their authority. In the Greek, the verb "sent" (ἀπέσταλκατε, apestalkate) implies an official mission, underscoring the seriousness with which they regarded John's testimony.

and he has testified to the truth
John the Baptist's testimony is central to understanding his role in the Gospel narrative. The Greek word for "testified" (μεμαρτύρηκεν, memartyrēken) is derived from the root "martureo," meaning to bear witness or give evidence. John's testimony was not just about facts but about the truth (ἀλήθεια, alētheia) concerning Jesus as the Messiah. In a historical and scriptural context, John's role as a witness is crucial because he bridges the Old Testament prophecies and the New Testament fulfillment in Christ. His testimony aligns with the prophetic tradition, affirming Jesus' divine mission and identity. This phrase emphasizes the reliability and divine origin of John's witness, which points to the ultimate truth found in Jesus.

But I do not receive testimony from man
In this phrase, Jesus emphasizes His divine authority and the sufficiency of His own testimony. The Greek word for "receive" is "λαμβάνω" (lambanō), which implies taking or accepting something. Jesus is making it clear that His authority and mission do not depend on human validation. Historically, this reflects the Jewish context where testimony was crucial for establishing truth, especially in legal matters. Jesus, however, transcends human systems of validation, pointing to His divine origin and mission. This highlights the unique nature of Christ's authority, which is rooted in His identity as the Son of God, not in human approval.

but I say these things
Here, Jesus is referring to His teachings and declarations. The phrase "I say" (λέγω, legō) indicates a deliberate and authoritative communication. Jesus speaks with purpose and clarity, intending to convey truth. The context of His words is His ongoing dialogue with the Jewish leaders, where He is revealing His identity and mission. This phrase underscores the intentionality behind Jesus' words, as He seeks to reveal divine truth to His listeners.

so that you may be saved
The ultimate purpose of Jesus' words is revealed in this phrase. The Greek word for "saved" is "σῴζω" (sōzō), which means to rescue or deliver. This reflects the core of Jesus' mission: the salvation of humanity. In the historical and scriptural context, salvation is a central theme, encompassing deliverance from sin and reconciliation with God. Jesus' teachings and actions are all directed towards this redemptive goal. This phrase is a powerful reminder of the heart of the Gospel message, emphasizing that Jesus' mission is not just about imparting knowledge, but about transforming lives and offering eternal life.

John
The reference here is to John the Baptist, a pivotal figure in the New Testament. His role as a forerunner to Christ is deeply rooted in the prophetic tradition, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy of a voice crying in the wilderness (Isaiah 40:3). Historically, John the Baptist's ministry marked a significant transition from the Old Covenant to the New, preparing the way for Jesus. His life and message were characterized by a call to repentance and a baptism of water, symbolizing purification and readiness for the coming Messiah.

was a lamp
The metaphor of a lamp is rich in biblical symbolism. In the ancient world, lamps were essential for illumination, representing guidance and revelation. The Greek word used here, "λύχνος" (lychnos), signifies a portable lamp, emphasizing John's role as a temporary but necessary guide. In the scriptural context, lamps often symbolize the Word of God (Psalm 119:105) and the presence of divine truth. John's ministry illuminated the path to Christ, shining light on the darkness of ignorance and sin.

that burned
The imagery of burning conveys passion, zeal, and the consuming nature of John's mission. The Greek word "καίω" (kaiō) suggests an active, ongoing process. John's fervor for God's truth and his uncompromising message of repentance were like a fire, igniting spiritual awakening among the people. This burning also implies sacrifice, as John ultimately gave his life for the truth he proclaimed, paralleling the sacrificial nature of Christ's own ministry.

and gave light
The purpose of John's burning was to provide light, a theme consistent with the biblical understanding of enlightenment and revelation. The Greek "φαίνω" (phainō) means to shine or make manifest. John's role was to reveal the coming of the Messiah, to illuminate the hearts and minds of the people, preparing them to receive Jesus. His light was not self-originating but reflected the greater light of Christ, much like the moon reflects the sun.

and you were willing
This phrase indicates a temporary openness and receptivity among the people to John's message. The Greek "θέλω" (thelō) implies a desire or inclination. Historically, John's ministry attracted large crowds, and many were eager to hear his message and undergo baptism. However, this willingness was fleeting, as the same crowds would later waver in their commitment to Jesus, highlighting the transient nature of human enthusiasm without deep-rooted faith.

for a season
The temporal nature of the people's willingness is underscored by the phrase "for a season." The Greek "ὥρα" (hōra) can mean a specific time or period. This suggests that the initial excitement and acceptance of John's message were not enduring. It serves as a cautionary reminder of the importance of perseverance in faith, as initial enthusiasm must be nurtured into lasting commitment.

to rejoice in his light
The joy experienced by the people in John's light reflects the initial impact of his ministry. The Greek "ἀγαλλιάω" (agalliaō) conveys a sense of exultant joy. This rejoicing was a response to the hope and promise that John's message brought. However, it also serves as a reminder that true and lasting joy is found not in the messenger but in the message of Christ himself, whom John pointed to as the true Light of the world (John 1:9).

But I have a testimony
The word "testimony" in Greek is "μαρτυρία" (martyria), which implies a witness or evidence. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus often speaks of His works and words as a testimony to His divine mission. This testimony is not just verbal but is demonstrated through His actions and miracles, which serve as evidence of His identity as the Son of God. Historically, the concept of testimony was crucial in Jewish legal proceedings, where the testimony of two or three witnesses was required to establish a fact (Deuteronomy 19:15). Jesus here is asserting that His testimony is greater than that of John the Baptist, emphasizing the divine authority and truth of His mission.

greater than that of John
John the Baptist was a significant prophetic figure, recognized for his role in preparing the way for the Messiah. His testimony about Jesus was powerful and influential, as he identified Jesus as the "Lamb of God" (John 1:29). However, Jesus claims that His testimony is "greater" because it is not merely human but divine. This statement underscores the superiority of Jesus' mission and the divine origin of His works, which surpass even the prophetic witness of John. The historical context of John's ministry, which drew large crowds and had a profound impact on the Jewish people, highlights the magnitude of Jesus' claim.

For the works that the Father has given Me to accomplish
The "works" refer to the miracles and deeds that Jesus performed during His ministry. In Greek, the word "ἔργα" (erga) is used, which can mean deeds, actions, or tasks. These works are not random acts but are specifically given by the Father, indicating divine purpose and authority. The phrase "to accomplish" suggests a sense of mission and fulfillment, as Jesus is completing the tasks assigned to Him by God. This highlights the intimate relationship between the Father and the Son, where Jesus acts in perfect obedience to the Father's will. Theologically, this speaks to the unity of purpose within the Trinity and the divine plan of salvation.

the very works I am doing
Here, Jesus emphasizes the present and ongoing nature of His works. The phrase "I am doing" indicates continuous action, suggesting that Jesus' ministry is active and dynamic. The miracles and teachings of Jesus are not just past events but are part of His ongoing mission to reveal the Father and bring about the Kingdom of God. This continuous action reflects the living and active nature of God's work in the world through Jesus. Theologically, it reminds believers of the ever-present reality of Christ's work in their lives and the world today.

testify about Me
The repetition of the concept of testimony underscores its importance. The works themselves are a form of testimony, providing evidence of Jesus' divine identity and mission. In the Jewish context, the idea of testimony was crucial for establishing truth, and Jesus' works serve as a divine witness to His claims. This phrase invites believers to consider the evidence of Jesus' life and works as a foundation for faith. It also challenges them to recognize the divine authority behind Jesus' actions and to respond in faith and obedience.

that the Father has sent Me
This phrase highlights the divine origin and authority of Jesus' mission. The sending by the Father indicates a divine commission, affirming Jesus' role as the Messiah and the Son of God. In the Gospel of John, the theme of being sent by the Father is recurrent, emphasizing the intimate relationship between Jesus and the Father and the divine purpose behind Jesus' mission. Historically, the concept of being sent by God was significant in Jewish thought, as prophets and messengers were often seen as representatives of God's will. Jesus' claim to be sent by the Father places Him in a unique position of authority and underscores the divine nature of His mission.

And the Father who sent Me
This phrase emphasizes the divine mission and authority of Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "sent" is "πέμπω" (pempo), which implies a purposeful sending with a mission. In the historical context of the Jewish understanding, being sent by God carried the weight of divine authority and purpose. Jesus is not acting on His own but is fulfilling the will of the Father, underscoring the unity and harmony within the Trinity. This reflects the conservative Christian belief in the divine nature of Christ and His role as the Messiah.

has Himself testified about Me
The testimony of the Father is a powerful affirmation of Jesus' identity and mission. The Greek word for "testified" is "μαρτυρέω" (martyreo), which means to bear witness or give evidence. In the Jewish legal system, a testimony was crucial for establishing truth. The Father’s testimony is seen through the works of Jesus, the fulfillment of prophecy, and the voice from heaven at Jesus' baptism. This divine testimony is a cornerstone for the believer's faith, affirming that Jesus is indeed the Son of God.

You have never heard His voice
This phrase addresses the spiritual condition of the audience. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούω" (akouo), which means to hear or listen. It implies not just the physical act of hearing but understanding and accepting. Historically, the Israelites heard God's voice at Mount Sinai, but here Jesus points out their spiritual deafness. They have not truly listened to God’s revelation through Jesus. This serves as a call to spiritual awakening and receptivity to God’s word.

nor seen His form
The Greek word for "form" is "εἶδος" (eidos), which refers to appearance or shape. In the Old Testament, God’s form was not seen, as He is spirit and transcendent. This statement highlights the spiritual blindness of the people. Despite God’s presence and revelation through Jesus, they fail to recognize Him. For conservative Christians, this underscores the importance of faith and spiritual insight to perceive God’s work and presence in the world.

nor does His word
The phrase "His word" refers to the divine message or revelation from God. In the Greek, "word" is "logos," which signifies not just spoken words but the embodiment of divine reason and creative order. Historically, "logos" was a concept familiar to both Jewish and Greek audiences, representing God's active principle in the world. In the context of John's Gospel, "logos" is also a title for Christ Himself (John 1:1). The absence of "His word" in the hearts of the listeners indicates a spiritual void, a lack of divine truth and understanding.

abide in you
The term "abide" comes from the Greek "meno," meaning to remain, dwell, or continue. This suggests a deep, ongoing presence and influence. In a spiritual sense, for God's word to "abide" in someone means it is not merely heard but internalized and lived out. The historical context of this passage involves Jesus addressing Jewish leaders who prided themselves on their knowledge of Scripture, yet failed to let it transform their hearts and lives. The call is for a transformative relationship with God's word, not just intellectual assent.

because you do not believe
The Greek word for "believe" is "pisteuo," which implies trust, faith, and reliance. It is more than mere acknowledgment; it is a wholehearted commitment and trust in God. The historical context here is crucial: Jesus is speaking to those who have seen His works and heard His teachings but remain skeptical and resistant. Their unbelief is not due to a lack of evidence but a hardened heart. This phrase challenges readers to examine the depth and authenticity of their faith.

the One He sent
This phrase refers to Jesus Himself, whom God the Father has sent into the world. The Greek word for "sent" is "apostello," which means to send forth with a specific mission or purpose. In the Jewish context, being "sent" by God was a significant claim, as it implied divine authority and commission. Jesus' mission was to reveal the Father and bring salvation. The rejection of "the One He sent" underscores a rejection of God's plan and purpose. This phrase invites reflection on the recognition and acceptance of Jesus as the Messiah, the fulfillment of God's promises.

You pore over the Scriptures
This phrase highlights the diligent and meticulous study of the Scriptures by the Jewish leaders. The Greek word for "pore over" is "ἐραυνᾶτε" (eraunate), which implies a deep, thorough investigation or search. Historically, the Jewish leaders were known for their rigorous study of the Torah and other sacred texts, believing that in them lay the path to righteousness and eternal life. This dedication to Scripture is commendable, yet Jesus points out that their understanding is incomplete without recognizing Him as the fulfillment of these Scriptures.

because you presume that by them you possess eternal life
The Jewish leaders believed that adherence to the Law and the study of the Scriptures would grant them eternal life. The Greek word "δοκεῖτε" (dokeite) translated as "presume" suggests an assumption or belief that may not be entirely accurate. This reflects a common historical context where the Jewish people held the Torah in the highest regard, seeing it as the ultimate guide to life and godliness. However, Jesus challenges this presumption by indicating that the Scriptures point beyond themselves to Him, the source of true eternal life.

These are the very words that testify about Me
Here, Jesus makes a profound claim about the purpose and focus of the Scriptures. The Greek word "μαρτυροῦσαι" (martyrousai) means "testify" or "bear witness," indicating that the Scriptures serve as a witness to Jesus Christ. This assertion is rooted in the historical and scriptural context of the Old Testament, which contains numerous prophecies and types that foreshadow the coming of the Messiah. Jesus is emphasizing that the ultimate purpose of the Scriptures is to reveal Him as the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. This perspective invites believers to read the Bible with Christ as the central focus, understanding that all of Scripture points to Him and His work of salvation.

Yet you refuse
The phrase "yet you refuse" highlights a deliberate choice made by the audience Jesus is addressing. The Greek word used here is "οὐ θέλετε" (ou thelete), which implies a willful decision or desire not to act. This refusal is not due to ignorance or lack of opportunity but is a conscious rejection. Historically, this reflects the broader context of Jesus' ministry, where many religious leaders and individuals, despite witnessing His miracles and hearing His teachings, chose to reject Him. This refusal is a poignant reminder of the human tendency to resist divine truth, even when it is clearly presented.

to come to Me
The invitation "to come to Me" is central to the message of the Gospel. The Greek word "ἔρχεσθαι" (erchesthai) means to come or to go, indicating movement towards Jesus. This phrase signifies more than physical movement; it represents a spiritual approach, a turning of one's heart and mind towards Christ. In the historical and scriptural context, coming to Jesus implies faith, trust, and reliance on Him as the Messiah. It is an invitation to enter into a relationship with Him, acknowledging Him as the source of spiritual truth and salvation.

to have life
The phrase "to have life" is profound in its theological implications. The Greek word for life here is "ζωή" (zoe), which refers to eternal life, the divine life that Jesus offers. This is not merely biological existence but a quality of life that is abundant and everlasting, rooted in a relationship with God. In the scriptural context, life is a central theme in the Gospel of John, where Jesus is repeatedly identified as the source of life (John 1:4, 10:10). Historically, this promise of life would have been revolutionary to Jesus' audience, who were accustomed to a religious system focused on law and ritual rather than personal relationship and spiritual renewal.

I do not accept
The Greek word for "accept" here is "λαμβάνω" (lambanō), which means to take or receive. In this context, Jesus is emphasizing His independence from human validation or approval. This reflects His divine nature and mission, which is not contingent upon human recognition. Jesus' ministry was rooted in obedience to the Father, not in seeking human accolades. This sets a profound example for believers, encouraging them to seek God's approval above all else.

glory
The term "glory" is translated from the Greek word "δόξα" (doxa), which can mean honor, praise, or splendor. In the biblical context, glory often refers to the divine presence and majesty of God. Jesus, being fully God and fully man, possesses inherent glory. However, He chooses not to seek or rely on the superficial and often fleeting glory that comes from human beings. This highlights the contrast between divine glory, which is eternal and pure, and human glory, which is temporary and often tainted by sin.

from men
The phrase "from men" underscores the source of the glory that Jesus rejects. In the historical and cultural context of the time, religious leaders and society often bestowed honor based on external adherence to the law and public displays of piety. Jesus, however, challenges this norm by focusing on the heart and the will of God rather than human traditions and accolades. This serves as a reminder to believers to prioritize divine approval over human praise, aligning their lives with God's will rather than societal expectations.

but I know you
This phrase underscores Jesus' divine omniscience and intimate understanding of the human heart. The Greek word for "know" here is "οἶδα" (oida), which implies a complete and perfect knowledge. Jesus is not merely acquainted with the outward actions of the people He addresses; He perceives their innermost thoughts and motivations. This knowledge is not just intellectual but relational, emphasizing that Jesus' awareness of humanity is profound and personal. In a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the truth that nothing is hidden from God, and He discerns the true state of our hearts.

that you do not have
The phrase indicates a lack or absence of something essential. In the context of this verse, it points to a spiritual deficiency. The Greek word "ἔχετε" (echete) is used here, meaning "to have" or "to hold." The absence of what follows is critical, as it reveals a fundamental flaw in the spiritual life of those Jesus addresses. This serves as a warning to believers to examine their own lives to ensure they are not missing the vital elements of faith and love that God requires.

the love of God
This phrase is central to the verse and the Christian faith. The Greek word for "love" is "ἀγάπη" (agape), which refers to the highest form of love, characterized by selflessness and sacrifice. "The love of God" can be understood in two ways: God's love for humanity and the love that humans should have for God. In this context, it likely refers to the latter, indicating that the people Jesus addresses lack a genuine, heartfelt love for God. This absence is a serious spiritual issue, as love for God is the greatest commandment (Matthew 22:37-38). From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this emphasizes the necessity of cultivating a deep, abiding love for God as the foundation of one's faith and life.

within you
The phrase "within you" points to the internal, spiritual nature of the issue at hand. The Greek word "ἐν" (en) means "in" or "within," indicating that the love of God is not merely an external action but an internal reality that should reside in the heart. This internalization of God's love is crucial for authentic Christian living. It is not enough to perform religious duties outwardly; the love of God must dwell in the believer's heart, influencing thoughts, actions, and attitudes. This aligns with the conservative Christian emphasis on the transformation of the heart as the core of genuine faith and discipleship.

I have come
This phrase signifies the mission and purpose of Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "come" is "ἔρχομαι" (erchomai), which implies not just arrival but a purposeful coming. Jesus' coming is not accidental or incidental; it is a divine mission ordained by God. This highlights the intentionality of Christ's incarnation, emphasizing His role as the Messiah sent to fulfill the prophecies and promises of the Old Testament.

in My Father’s name
The phrase underscores the authority and representation of Jesus. In the Jewish context, a name signifies character and authority. Jesus comes with the full backing and authority of God the Father. The Greek word for "name" is "ὄνομα" (onoma), which conveys identity and essence. Jesus embodies the will and character of God, acting as His representative on earth. This is a profound claim of divinity and unity with the Father, reinforcing the Trinitarian belief in Christianity.

and you do not receive Me
This phrase reflects the rejection Jesus faced from the Jewish leaders and many of His contemporaries. The Greek word for "receive" is "λαμβάνω" (lambanō), which means to take hold of or accept. Despite the evidence of His miracles and teachings, many did not accept Jesus as the Messiah. This rejection fulfills the prophetic words of Isaiah 53:3, where the Messiah is described as "despised and rejected by men."

but if someone else comes
Here, Jesus contrasts His reception with that of false messiahs or leaders. The phrase suggests the human tendency to be swayed by those who come with their own agenda or charisma. Historically, there were many who claimed to be the Messiah or a leader sent by God, and some were indeed followed by the people. This highlights the discernment needed to recognize true divine authority.

in his own name
This phrase indicates self-promotion and self-authorization, contrasting with Jesus' divine mission. The Greek word for "own" is "ἴδιος" (idios), meaning personal or private. Those who come in their own name seek their own glory and power, unlike Jesus, who seeks to glorify the Father. This serves as a warning against following those who do not have divine endorsement.

you will receive him
This final phrase is a prophetic warning about the susceptibility of people to follow false leaders. The Greek word for "receive" here is the same as before, "λαμβάνω" (lambanō), indicating acceptance and approval. Historically, this has been seen in various movements and figures that have led people astray. It serves as a caution to remain vigilant and discerning, ensuring that one's faith and allegiance are placed in the true Messiah, Jesus Christ.

How can you believe
This phrase challenges the very foundation of faith. The Greek word for "believe" is "pisteuō," which implies trust and reliance. In the context of this verse, Jesus questions the authenticity of belief that is influenced by human approval rather than divine truth. The rhetorical nature of the question suggests an impossibility of genuine faith when it is rooted in human validation.

if you accept glory from one another
The term "glory" here is translated from the Greek word "doxa," which can mean honor, praise, or reputation. In the historical context of first-century Judea, social status and honor were highly valued. Jesus criticizes the religious leaders for seeking approval and accolades from their peers rather than from God. This pursuit of mutual admiration creates a barrier to true faith, as it shifts focus from divine to human standards.

yet do not seek the glory
The contrast here is stark. The Greek word for "seek" is "zēteō," which implies an active pursuit or desire. Jesus points out the lack of effort in pursuing divine approval. This phrase calls believers to examine their priorities and motivations, urging them to actively desire the honor that comes from God alone, which is eternal and unchanging.

that comes from the only God
The phrase "the only God" emphasizes the monotheistic belief central to Jewish and Christian faiths. The Greek word "monos" means "only" or "alone," underscoring the exclusivity and supremacy of God. In a world filled with competing allegiances and distractions, this phrase serves as a reminder of the singular source of true glory and honor. It calls believers to align their lives with the will and character of the one true God, whose approval is of ultimate importance.

Do not think
This phrase begins with a direct admonition from Jesus, urging His listeners to reconsider their assumptions. The Greek word used here is "νομίζετε" (nomizete), which implies a habitual or customary way of thinking. Jesus is challenging the deeply ingrained beliefs of His audience, which is a common theme in His teachings. This call to rethink is a reminder of the transformative power of Christ's message, urging believers to align their thoughts with divine truth rather than human tradition.

that I will accuse you
The word "accuse" comes from the Greek "κατηγορήσω" (katēgorēsō), which means to bring charges against someone in a legal sense. Jesus is emphasizing that His role is not to condemn but to save. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of Jesus as the mediator and advocate for humanity, as seen in 1 John 2:1, where He is described as our advocate with the Father. It underscores the grace and mercy inherent in Christ's mission.

before the Father
The phrase "before the Father" highlights the intimate relationship between Jesus and God the Father. In the Jewish context, God as Father was a profound and somewhat revolutionary concept, emphasizing a personal and relational aspect of God. This relationship is central to understanding the nature of the Trinity and the intercessory role of Jesus, who stands before the Father on behalf of humanity.

Your accuser is Moses
Here, Jesus points to Moses, a revered figure in Jewish tradition, as the one who will accuse them. The Greek word for "accuser" is "κατηγορῶν" (katēgorōn), similar to the earlier "accuse," reinforcing the legal imagery. Moses, as the giver of the Law, represents the standard by which the people are judged. This statement would have been shocking to Jesus' audience, as they prided themselves on adherence to the Mosaic Law. It serves as a reminder that the Law, while holy and good, ultimately points to the need for a Savior.

in whom you have put your hope
The phrase "in whom you have put your hope" reflects the misplaced trust of the Jewish leaders in the Law and their own ability to fulfill it. The Greek word for "hope" is "ἠλπίκατε" (ēlpikate), which conveys a sense of confident expectation. Jesus is highlighting that their hope should not be in the Law itself or in their own righteousness, but in the One to whom the Law points—Jesus Himself. This is a call to shift their hope from human efforts to divine grace, a central tenet of the Christian faith.

If you believed Moses
This phrase emphasizes the foundational role of Moses in the Jewish faith. Moses, as the lawgiver, is a central figure in the Old Testament, and his writings are considered authoritative. The Greek word for "believed" here is "ἐπιστεύετε" (episteuete), which implies a deep trust or faith. Jesus is challenging His audience to reflect on their faith in the teachings of Moses, suggesting that true belief in Moses would naturally lead to belief in Him. Historically, Moses is seen as a precursor to Christ, with many of his actions and writings foreshadowing the coming Messiah.

you would believe Me
Here, Jesus makes a direct connection between the teachings of Moses and His own mission. The Greek word "πιστεύετε" (pisteuete) is used again, reinforcing the idea of trust and faith. Jesus is asserting that His teachings are in harmony with those of Moses, and that a genuine understanding of Moses' writings would lead one to accept Jesus as the fulfillment of those prophecies. This statement underscores the continuity between the Old and New Testaments, affirming that Jesus is the culmination of the law and the prophets.

because he wrote about Me
This phrase is a profound claim by Jesus, asserting that Moses, in his writings, pointed to the coming of Christ. The Greek word "ἔγραψεν" (egrapsen) means "wrote," indicating that the references to Jesus are embedded in the text of the Torah. This can be seen in various typologies and prophecies throughout the Pentateuch, such as the promise of a prophet like Moses in Deuteronomy 18:15. Jesus is highlighting that the Scriptures, which the Jewish leaders revered, contain testimony about Him, and thus, their disbelief is a failure to recognize the fulfillment of their own sacred texts. This statement invites believers to see the Bible as a unified narrative that points to Jesus as the central figure of God's redemptive plan.

But since you do not believe
This phrase highlights a critical issue of unbelief. The Greek word for "believe" here is "πιστεύω" (pisteuō), which means to have faith or trust. In the context of the Gospel of John, belief is not merely intellectual assent but involves a deep, personal trust in Jesus as the Messiah. Historically, the Jewish leaders to whom Jesus was speaking had a long tradition of scriptural study, yet their hearts were hardened. This phrase challenges readers to examine the depth and authenticity of their faith, urging a move beyond mere knowledge to a transformative trust in Christ.

what he wrote
The "he" in this phrase refers to Moses, the great lawgiver and prophet of Israel. The Greek word for "wrote" is "ἔγραψεν" (egrapsen), indicating the authoritative nature of the Scriptures. Moses' writings, particularly the Torah, were foundational to Jewish belief and practice. Archaeologically, the reverence for the Torah is evidenced by ancient manuscripts and the care with which they were copied. Jesus is pointing out that the very Scriptures the Jewish leaders claim to uphold testify about Him, yet they fail to see it. This phrase invites believers to delve deeply into the Old Testament, recognizing its testimony about Christ.

how will you believe
This rhetorical question underscores the connection between the Old Testament and Jesus' teachings. The Greek word "πιστεύσετε" (pisteusete) is a future tense of "believe," suggesting a progression or development of faith. Jesus is emphasizing that understanding and accepting the writings of Moses is foundational to accepting His own words. Historically, this reflects the continuity of God's revelation from the Old Testament to the New Testament. For contemporary believers, it serves as a reminder of the importance of the whole counsel of God’s Word in nurturing faith.

what I say?
The phrase "what I say" refers to the teachings and declarations of Jesus. The Greek word "λέγω" (legō) means to speak or to say, and it carries the weight of authority and truth. In the context of John's Gospel, Jesus' words are life-giving and revelatory, offering insight into the nature of God and His kingdom. This phrase challenges readers to consider the authority of Jesus' words in their lives. Historically, Jesus' teachings were revolutionary, offering a new understanding of God's kingdom. For believers today, it is a call to listen, understand, and apply Jesus' teachings, recognizing them as the ultimate truth.