When the Son of Man comes in His glory
This phrase refers to the second coming of Jesus Christ, a central tenet in Christian eschatology. The title "Son of Man" is a messianic term that Jesus frequently used for Himself, drawing from Daniel 7:13-14, where the "Son of Man" is given dominion and glory. The "glory" signifies divine majesty and power, contrasting with His first coming in humility. This event is anticipated as a time of judgment and fulfillment of prophecy, aligning with passages like Revelation 1:7 and 1 Thessalonians 4:16.

and all the angels with Him
The presence of angels underscores the divine authority and majesty of the event. Angels are often depicted as God's messengers and agents of His will, as seen in passages like Matthew 13:41 and 2 Thessalonians 1:7. Their accompaniment signifies the heavenly host's participation in the final judgment, emphasizing the cosmic significance of Christ's return.

He will sit on His glorious throne
The imagery of a throne represents authority, judgment, and kingship. In biblical context, a throne is a symbol of sovereign rule, as seen in Psalm 9:7 and Revelation 20:11. This phrase indicates that Jesus will assume His rightful place as King and Judge over all nations, fulfilling prophecies such as Isaiah 9:7 and affirming His role as the ultimate ruler in the Kingdom of God. The "glorious throne" highlights the splendor and righteousness of His reign, contrasting earthly thrones with divine justice and authority.

1. Son of Man
A title Jesus frequently used for Himself, emphasizing His role as the Messiah and His authority in judgment. The term has roots in Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a divine figure given authority and dominion.

2. His Glory
Refers to the divine majesty and splendor of Jesus Christ, highlighting His divine nature and the fulfillment of His role as King and Judge.

3. All the Angels
The heavenly beings who serve God and accompany Jesus at His second coming, signifying the importance and magnitude of the event.

4. Glorious Throne
Symbolizes Jesus' authority and kingship, where He will execute judgment. The throne is a place of power and decision-making.

5. Second Coming
The future event when Jesus will return to earth to judge the living and the dead, as prophesied in various parts of the New Testament.The Certainty of Christ's Return
Believers should live with the expectation and hope of Jesus' return, which is a central tenet of Christian faith.

The Authority of Jesus
Recognize Jesus as the ultimate authority in our lives, who will judge the world with righteousness and justice.

Preparedness for Judgment
Christians are called to live lives that reflect their faith, knowing that they will be accountable to Christ at His return.

The Role of Angels
Understand the significance of angels in God's plan, serving as messengers and participants in the fulfillment of His divine purposes.

Living in Light of Eternity
Encourage believers to focus on eternal values and priorities, aligning their lives with God's kingdom purposes.(31) When the Son of man shall come.--We commonly speak of the concluding portion of this chapter as the parable of the Sheep and the Goats, but it is obvious from its very beginning that it passes beyond the region of parable into that of divine realities, and that the sheep and goats form only a subordinate and parenthetic illustration. The form of the announcement is in part based, as indeed are all the thoughts connected with the final Advent, upon the vision of Daniel 7:13. The "throne of His glory" is that which He shares with "the Ancient of Days," the throne of Jehovah, surrounded with the brightness of the Shechinah.

Verses 31-46. - The final judgment on all the nations. (Peculiar to St. Matthew.) Before entering upon the exposition of this majestic section, which is a prophecy, not a parable, we have to settle the preliminary question as to who are the subjects of the judgment here so graphically and fearfully delineated. Are they only the heathen, or Christians, or all mankind without exception? The Lord's present utterance is plainly the development of the account of the parousia in Matthew 24:30, 3l. There those that are gathered are "the elect," nothing being said concerning the rest of mankind; here we have the forecast completed, both righteous and unrighteous receiving their sentence. "All the nations" usually represent all Gentiles distinguished from the Jews. But there is nothing to indicate separate judgment for the Jew and Gentile. Equally unlikely is the notion that the transaction is confined to the heathen, whether the opinion is grounded on a supposed extension of the mercies of Christ to those ignorant of him, but having lived according to the laws of natural religion; or whether it assumes as certain that believers will not be judged at all (an erroneous deduction from John 5:24). It seems, on the one hand, incongruous that persons who have never heard of Christ should be addressed as "blessed of my Father," etc., ver. 34: and it seems, on the other hand, monstrous that such, having failed through ignorance and lack of teaching, should be condemned to awful punishment. That Christians alone are the persons who are thus assembled for judgment is not likely. Is there, then, to be no inquisition held on the life and Character of non-Christians? Are they wholly to escape the great assize? If not, where else does Christ refer to their case? What reason can be given for the exclusion of this great majority from the account of the proceedings at the last day? It appears, on the whole, to be safest to consider "all the nations" as meaning the whole race of men, who, dead and living, small and great, Jew and Gentile, shall stand before God to be judged according to their works (Revelation 20:11-13). This is not a parable, but a statement of future proceedings by him who himself shall conduct them. It is not a full account of details, but an indication of the kind of criteria which shall govern the verdicts given. Verse 31. - When (ὅταν δὲ, but when). The particle, unnoticed in the Authorized Version, indicates the distinction between this section and the preceding parables, the latter exemplifying the judgment specially on Christians, this setting forth the judgment on the whole world. Son of man. With his glorified body, such as he was seen at his Transfiguration (Acts 1:11). In his glory. The term occurs twice in this verse, as elsewhere (Matthew 16:27; Matthew 19:28; Matthew 24:30, where see notes) denoting that then his humiliation will have passed away, and he will appear as he is. All the holy angels with him. "Holy" is probably a transcriber's addition, which has crept into the later text. The Vulgate omits it. At this time all the family of heaven and earth shall be assembled (Matthew 16:27; Deuteronomy 33:2). Of angels and men none shall be wanting. "Omnes angeli, omnes nationes. Quanta celebritas!" (Bengel). Then shall he sit, etc. He shall take his seat as Judge on his glorious throne trey. 20:11), surrounded by the angels and the saints (Jude 1:14; Revelation 19:14). Observe, this was spoken three days before his death (comp. Matthew 26:53, 64).

Parallel Commentaries ...


When
Ὅταν (Hotan)
Conjunction
Strong's 3752: When, whenever. From hote and an; whenever; also causatively inasmuch as.

the
ὁ (ho)
Article - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

Son
υἱὸς (huios)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 5207: A son, descendent. Apparently a primary word; a 'son', used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship.

of Man
ἀνθρώπου (anthrōpou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 444: A man, one of the human race. From aner and ops; man-faced, i.e. A human being.

comes
ἔλθῃ (elthē)
Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 2064: To come, go.

in
ἐν (en)
Preposition
Strong's 1722: In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.

His
αὐτοῦ (autou)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

glory,
δόξῃ (doxē)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 1391: From the base of dokeo; glory, in a wide application.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

all
πάντες (pantes)
Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3956: All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.

the
οἱ (hoi)
Article - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

angels
ἄγγελοι (angeloi)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 32: From aggello; a messenger; especially an 'angel'; by implication, a pastor.

with
μετ’ (met’)
Preposition
Strong's 3326: (a) gen: with, in company with, (b) acc: (1) behind, beyond, after, of place, (2) after, of time, with nouns, neut. of adjectives.

Him,
αὐτοῦ (autou)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

He will sit
καθίσει (kathisei)
Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 2523: Another form for kathezomai; to seat down, i.e. Set; intransitively, to sit; figuratively, to settle.

on
ἐπὶ (epi)
Preposition
Strong's 1909: On, to, against, on the basis of, at.

His
αὐτοῦ (autou)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

glorious
δόξης (doxēs)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 1391: From the base of dokeo; glory, in a wide application.

throne.
θρόνου (thronou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 2362: From thrao; a stately seat; by implication, power or a potentate.


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NT Gospels: Matthew 25:31 But when the Son of Man comes (Matt. Mat Mt)