Deuteronomy 1:16
New International Version
And I charged your judges at that time, “Hear the disputes between your people and judge fairly, whether the case is between two Israelites or between an Israelite and a foreigner residing among you.

New Living Translation
“At that time I instructed the judges, ‘You must hear the cases of your fellow Israelites and the foreigners living among you. Be perfectly fair in your decisions

English Standard Version
And I charged your judges at that time, ‘Hear the cases between your brothers, and judge righteously between a man and his brother or the alien who is with him.

Berean Standard Bible
At that time I charged your judges: “Hear the disputes between your brothers, and judge fairly between a man and his brother or a foreign resident.

King James Bible
And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

New King James Version
“Then I commanded your judges at that time, saying, ‘Hear the cases between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother or the stranger who is with him.

New American Standard Bible
“Then I ordered your judges at that time, saying, ‘Hear the cases between your fellow countrymen and judge righteously between a person and his fellow countryman, or the stranger who is with him.

NASB 1995
“Then I charged your judges at that time, saying, ‘Hear the cases between your fellow countrymen, and judge righteously between a man and his fellow countryman, or the alien who is with him.

NASB 1977
“Then I charged your judges at that time, saying, ‘Hear the cases between your fellow countrymen, and judge righteously between a man and his fellow countryman, or the alien who is with him.

Legacy Standard Bible
“Then I commanded your judges at that time, saying, ‘Hear the cases between your brothers, and judge righteously between a man and his brother or the sojourner who is with him.

Amplified Bible
“Then I commanded your judges at that time, saying, ‘Hear the matters between your brothers [your fellow countrymen], and judge righteously and fairly between a man and his brother, or the stranger (resident alien, foreigner) who is with him.

Christian Standard Bible
I commanded your judges at that time: Hear the cases between your brothers, and judge rightly between a man and his brother or his resident alien.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I commanded your judges at that time: Hear the cases between your brothers, and judge rightly between a man and his brother or a foreign resident.

American Standard Version
And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the sojourner that is with him.

Contemporary English Version
and others became judges. I gave these judges the following instructions: When you settle legal cases, your decisions must be fair. It doesn't matter if the case is between two Israelites, or between an Israelite and a foreigner living in your community.

English Revised Version
And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Also at that time I gave these instructions to your judges: "Hear the cases that your people bring. Judge each case fairly, no matter whether it is [a dispute] between two Israelites or [a dispute] between an Israelite and a non-Israelite.

Good News Translation
"At that time I instructed them, 'Listen to the disputes that come up among your people. Judge every dispute fairly, whether it concerns only your own people or involves foreigners who live among you.

International Standard Version
I charged your judges at that time, 'When you hold a hearing between brothers, judge fairly between a man and his brother or between foreigners.

Majority Standard Bible
At that time I charged your judges: “Hear the disputes between your brothers, and judge fairly between a man and his brother or a foreign resident.

NET Bible
I furthermore admonished your judges at that time that they should pay attention to issues among your fellow citizens and judge fairly, whether between one citizen and another or a citizen and a resident foreigner.

New Heart English Bible
I commanded your judges at that time, saying, "Hear cases between your brothers, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the foreigner who is living with him.

Webster's Bible Translation
And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

World English Bible
I commanded your judges at that time, saying, “Hear cases between your brothers and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the foreigner who is living with him.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And I command your judges at that time, saying, Listen between your brothers—then you have judged [in] righteousness between a man, and his brother, and his sojourner;

Young's Literal Translation
And I command your judges at that time, saying, Hearkening between your brethren -- then ye have judged righteousness between a man, and his brother, and his sojourner;

Smith's Literal Translation
And I shall command your judges in that time, saying, Hear between your brethren, and judge justice between a man and between his brother and between his stranger.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And I commanded them, saying: Hear them, and judge that which is just: whether he be one of your country, or a stranger.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And I instructed them, saying: ‘Listen to them, and judge what is just, whether he is one of your citizens or a sojourner.

New American Bible
I charged your judges at that time, “Listen to complaints among your relatives, and administer true justice to both parties even if one of them is a resident alien.

New Revised Standard Version
I charged your judges at that time: “Give the members of your community a fair hearing, and judge rightly between one person and another, whether citizen or resident alien.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And I ordered your Judges at that time and I said to them: ‘Be listening among your brethren and judging the truth between a man and his brother and his guest.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And I charged your judges at that time, saying: 'Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear causes between your brethren, and judge rightly between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Moses Appoints Leaders
15So I took the leaders of your tribes, wise and respected men, and appointed them as leaders over you—as commanders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens, and as officers for your tribes. 16At that time I charged your judges: “Hear the disputes between your brothers, and judge fairly between a man and his brother or a foreign resident. 17Show no partiality in judging; hear both small and great alike. Do not be intimidated by anyone, for judgment belongs to God. And bring to me any case too difficult for you, and I will hear it.”…

Cross References
Exodus 18:13-26
The next day Moses took his seat to judge the people, and they stood around him from morning until evening. / When his father-in-law saw all that Moses was doing for the people, he asked, “What is this that you are doing for the people? Why do you sit alone as judge, with all the people standing around you from morning till evening?” / “Because the people come to me to inquire of God,” Moses replied. ...

Leviticus 19:15
You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich; you are to judge your neighbor fairly.

2 Chronicles 19:6-7
Then he said to the judges, “Consider carefully what you do, for you are not judging for man, but for the LORD, who is with you when you render judgment. / And now, may the fear of the LORD be upon you. Be careful what you do, for with the LORD our God there is no injustice or partiality or bribery.”

Proverbs 31:9
Open your mouth, judge righteously, and defend the cause of the poor and needy.

Isaiah 1:17
Learn to do right; seek justice and correct the oppressor. Defend the fatherless and plead the case of the widow.”

Zechariah 7:9
“This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘Administer true justice. Show loving devotion and compassion to one another.

John 7:24
Stop judging by outward appearances, and start judging justly.”

James 2:1-4
My brothers, as you hold out your faith in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ, do not show favoritism. / Suppose a man comes into your meeting wearing a gold ring and fine clothes, and a poor man in shabby clothes also comes in. / If you lavish attention on the man in fine clothes and say, “Here is a seat of honor,” but say to the poor man, “You must stand” or “Sit at my feet,” ...

Matthew 7:1-2
“Do not judge, or you will be judged. / For with the same judgment you pronounce, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.

Luke 12:57
And why don’t you judge for yourselves what is right?

Romans 2:11
For God does not show favoritism.

Acts 10:34-35
Then Peter began to speak: “I now truly understand that God does not show favoritism, / but welcomes those from every nation who fear Him and do what is right.

Colossians 3:25
Whoever does wrong will be repaid for his wrong, and there is no favoritism.

1 Peter 1:17
Since you call on a Father who judges each one’s work impartially, conduct yourselves in reverent fear during your stay as foreigners.

1 Corinthians 6:1-6
If any of you has a grievance against another, how dare he go to law before the unrighteous instead of before the saints! / Do you not know that the saints will judge the world? And if you are to judge the world, are you not competent to judge trivial cases? / Do you not know that we will judge angels? How much more the things of this life! ...


Treasury of Scripture

And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brothers, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

charged

Deuteronomy 27:11
And Moses charged the people the same day, saying,

Deuteronomy 31:14
And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thy days approach that thou must die: call Joshua, and present yourselves in the tabernacle of the congregation, that I may give him a charge. And Moses and Joshua went, and presented themselves in the tabernacle of the congregation.

Numbers 27:19
And set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation; and give him a charge in their sight.

Hear

Exodus 23:2,3,7,8
Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment: …

Leviticus 19:15
Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour.

2 Samuel 23:3
The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.

the stranger

Deuteronomy 10:18,19
He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment…

Deuteronomy 24:14
Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates:

Exodus 22:21
Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

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Alien Case Cases Causes Charged Commanded Countryman Countrymen Decisions Disputes Hear Hearing Israelites Judge Judges Nation Orders Questions Righteously Sojourner Stranger Time Uprightly Whether
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Deuteronomy 1
1. Moses' speech in the end of the fortieth year
6. briefly rehearsing the history of God's sending them from Horeb
14. of giving them officers
19. of sending the spies to search the land
34. of his anger for their incredulity
41. and disobedience














At that time I charged your judges
This phrase marks a significant moment in the leadership structure of the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "charged" is "tsavah," which implies a command or commission. Moses, acting under divine authority, is delegating responsibility to the judges. This reflects a pivotal shift from a singular leadership model to a more distributed system, which is essential for managing a growing nation. Historically, this decentralization was necessary as the Israelites prepared to enter the Promised Land, ensuring justice and order among the people.

Hear the disputes between your brothers
The Hebrew word for "hear" is "shama," which means to listen with attention and understanding. This is not merely about auditory reception but involves discernment and empathy. The term "brothers" underscores the familial relationship among the Israelites, emphasizing that disputes are not just legal matters but involve maintaining harmony within the community. This reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and the importance of community cohesion.

and judge fairly
The call to "judge fairly" is rooted in the Hebrew word "shaphat," which means to govern or to render a verdict. This command highlights the divine expectation of justice, which is a recurring theme throughout the Scriptures. Fair judgment is a reflection of God's character, who is just and righteous. The historical context here is crucial, as the Israelites were to be a distinct people, set apart by their adherence to God's laws, including the fair treatment of all individuals.

between a man and his brother or a foreign resident
This phrase expands the scope of justice beyond the immediate community to include "foreign residents" or "ger," which refers to non-Israelites living among them. This inclusion is significant, as it demonstrates the universality of God's justice and the call for Israel to be a light to the nations. It reflects the biblical mandate to treat the foreigner with the same fairness and compassion as one's kin, a radical concept in the ancient Near Eastern context where tribalism often dictated social interactions.

(16) And I charged your judges . . . saying.--These instructions given by Moses are an admirable expansion, but only an expansion, of those of Jethro(Exodus 18:21), that the judges must be "able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness"--a sentence older than the Decalogue itself.

Verses 16, 17. - In installing the judges, Moses solemnly charged them to deal impartially, fairly, and equitably with those who might come before them. Verse 16. - Hear between your brethren, i.e. hear impartially both parties, and judge righteously between man and man, whether both parties are Israelites, or one of the parties a stranger.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
At that
הַהִ֖וא (ha·hi·w)
Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

time
בָּעֵ֥ת (bā·‘êṯ)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singular
Strong's 6256: Time, now, when

I charged
וָאֲצַוֶּה֙ (wā·’ă·ṣaw·weh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 6680: To lay charge (upon), give charge (to), command, order

your judges:
שֹׁ֣פְטֵיכֶ֔ם (šō·p̄ə·ṭê·ḵem)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural
Strong's 8199: To judge, pronounce sentence, to vindicate, punish, to govern, to litigate

“Hear
שָׁמֹ֤עַ (šā·mō·a‘)
Verb - Qal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 8085: To hear intelligently

the disputes between
בֵּין־ (bên-)
Preposition
Strong's 996: An interval, space between

your brothers,
אֲחֵיכֶם֙ (’ă·ḥê·ḵem)
Noun - masculine plural construct | second person masculine plural
Strong's 251: A brother, )

and judge
וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם (ū·šə·p̄aṭ·tem)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural
Strong's 8199: To judge, pronounce sentence, to vindicate, punish, to govern, to litigate

fairly
צֶ֔דֶק (ṣe·ḏeq)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6664: The right, equity, prosperity

between
בֵּֽין־ (bên-)
Preposition
Strong's 996: An interval, space between

a man
אִ֥ישׁ (’îš)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person

and his brother
אָחִ֖יו (’ā·ḥîw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 251: A brother, )

or a foreign resident.
גֵּרֽוֹ׃ (gê·rōw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 1616: A guest, a foreigner


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OT Law: Deuteronomy 1:16 I commanded your judges at that time (Deut. De Du)
Deuteronomy 1:15
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