In the first year
This phrase sets the historical context for the events that follow. The "first year" indicates a specific point in time, marking the beginning of Darius's reign. Historically, this period is significant as it follows the fall of Babylon to the Medo-Persian Empire. The phrase underscores the transition of power and the fulfillment of God's prophecy regarding the fall of Babylon, as seen in Isaiah 13:17-19. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty over the nations and His control over the course of history.

of Darius
The identity of Darius has been a subject of scholarly debate. In the context of Daniel, Darius is often identified with Gubaru, a governor under Cyrus the Great, or possibly another figure who ruled Babylon on behalf of the Persians. The name "Darius" itself means "holder of the scepter" or "maintainer," which is fitting for a ruler. This highlights the theme of divine appointment and governance, as God raises leaders according to His purposes.

son of Xerxes
The mention of "Xerxes" here is intriguing, as it connects Darius to a lineage of rulers. Xerxes, known in history as a powerful Persian king, is often associated with the Achaemenid dynasty. This connection emphasizes the continuity of God's plan through different empires and rulers. It also serves as a reminder of the historical accuracy and depth of the biblical narrative, as it aligns with known historical figures and events.

(a Mede by descent)
This phrase highlights Darius's ethnic background, identifying him as a Mede. The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who, along with the Persians, played a crucial role in the overthrow of the Babylonian Empire. This detail fulfills the prophecy in Daniel 5:28, where the kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians. It underscores the precision of God's prophetic word and His orchestration of world events to accomplish His divine purposes.

who was made ruler
The passive construction "was made ruler" suggests divine intervention and appointment. It implies that Darius's rise to power was not merely a result of human ambition or political maneuvering but was orchestrated by God. This aligns with the biblical theme that all authority is established by God (Romans 13:1). It serves as a reminder to believers that God is ultimately in control, even over the rulers of nations.

over the kingdom of the Chaldeans
The "kingdom of the Chaldeans" refers to the Babylonian Empire, known for its wealth, power, and influence. The Chaldeans were a Semitic people who rose to prominence in Babylon. The mention of this kingdom highlights the dramatic shift in power from the Babylonians to the Medo-Persians, fulfilling the prophecy of Daniel 2:39. It serves as a testament to God's faithfulness in bringing about His plans and the transient nature of earthly kingdoms in contrast to God's eternal kingdom.

in the first year of his reign
This phrase situates the events within a specific historical context, referring to the first year of the reign of Darius the Mede. Historically, this period follows the fall of Babylon to the Medo-Persian Empire. The transition of power is significant, as it marks a shift in the political landscape that would eventually allow the Jewish exiles to return to Jerusalem. The phrase underscores God's sovereignty over nations and history, orchestrating events to fulfill His divine purposes.

I, Daniel, understood
Daniel's understanding is not merely intellectual but spiritual. The Hebrew root for "understood" (בִּין, bin) implies discernment and insight. Daniel's comprehension is a result of his diligent study and prayerful meditation on God's word. This highlights the importance of seeking divine wisdom and understanding through Scripture, emphasizing that true insight comes from God.

from the Scriptures
The term "Scriptures" refers to the sacred writings available to Daniel at the time, particularly the prophetic texts. This indicates that Daniel had access to and revered the holy texts, which were considered authoritative and divinely inspired. The Scriptures serve as a source of revelation and guidance, affirming the belief in the inerrancy and sufficiency of God's word for understanding His will.

according to the word of the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the divine origin and authority of the message. The "word of the LORD" is a common biblical expression denoting God's communication to humanity. It underscores the reliability and faithfulness of God's promises, as His word is unchanging and trustworthy. This assurance provides hope and confidence to believers, knowing that God's plans will come to fruition.

given to Jeremiah the prophet
Jeremiah, a major prophet, is specifically mentioned, highlighting the interconnectedness of biblical prophecy. Jeremiah's prophecies, particularly regarding the seventy-year exile (Jeremiah 25:11-12; 29:10), are being fulfilled, demonstrating the accuracy and consistency of God's prophetic word. This connection between Daniel and Jeremiah illustrates the continuity of God's revelation throughout history.

that the desolation of Jerusalem
The "desolation of Jerusalem" refers to the destruction and abandonment of the city following the Babylonian conquest. This desolation was a consequence of Israel's disobedience and idolatry, serving as a divine judgment. However, it also sets the stage for God's redemptive plan, as the desolation is not permanent but part of a larger narrative of restoration and hope.

would last seventy years
The specific timeframe of "seventy years" is significant, as it reflects God's precise and sovereign control over history. This period was predetermined by God and communicated through Jeremiah, demonstrating His foreknowledge and purpose. The seventy years symbolize a complete and sufficient time for judgment and purification, after which God promises restoration and renewal for His people. This assurance of a defined period of trial followed by deliverance offers hope and encouragement to believers enduring hardships.

So I turned my attention
The phrase "turned my attention" signifies a deliberate and conscious decision by Daniel to focus entirely on God. The Hebrew root here is "natan panim," which means to give one's face or presence. This indicates a purposeful act of devotion and a shift from the distractions of the world to the divine presence. In a historical context, this reflects the Jewish practice of seeking God with intentionality, often in times of distress or need for guidance.

to the Lord God
The title "Lord God" combines "Adonai" and "Elohim," emphasizing both the sovereignty and the power of God. "Adonai" is a term of respect and authority, while "Elohim" denotes might and creative power. This duality underscores Daniel's recognition of God's supreme authority and his reliance on God's omnipotence. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of God as both a personal Lord and a universal Creator.

to seek Him
The act of seeking God, "darash" in Hebrew, implies a diligent and earnest pursuit. It is not a casual inquiry but a deep, heartfelt quest for divine presence and wisdom. This reflects the biblical principle that God rewards those who earnestly seek Him (Hebrews 11:6). In the context of Daniel, it shows his commitment to understanding God's will and aligning himself with it.

by prayer and petition
"Prayer" (tefillah) and "petition" (tachanunim) together highlight different aspects of communication with God. "Tefillah" is a general term for prayer, encompassing praise, thanksgiving, and requests. "Tachanunim" refers specifically to supplications or pleas for mercy. This dual approach indicates a comprehensive engagement with God, combining reverence with earnest requests. Historically, this reflects the Jewish tradition of approaching God with both structured prayers and personal supplications.

with fasting
Fasting, or "tzom" in Hebrew, is a physical expression of humility and repentance. It is a way to deny oneself and focus on spiritual matters. In the biblical context, fasting is often associated with seeking God's favor or intervention in dire circumstances. For Daniel, fasting signifies his deep commitment to seeking God's guidance and his willingness to humble himself before the Almighty.

sackcloth
Sackcloth, or "saq" in Hebrew, is a coarse material traditionally worn as a sign of mourning or repentance. It symbolizes humility and penitence, reflecting a heart contrite before God. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, wearing sackcloth was a public demonstration of one's sorrow and desire for forgiveness. Daniel's use of sackcloth indicates his deep sorrow for the sins of his people and his earnest desire for God's mercy.

and ashes
Ashes, or "epher" in Hebrew, are another symbol of mourning and repentance. Sprinkling ashes on oneself was a way to express grief and acknowledge one's mortality and sinfulness. In the biblical narrative, ashes represent a return to the dust from which humanity was created, signifying humility and the need for divine grace. Daniel's use of ashes underscores his recognition of human frailty and his dependence on God's mercy.

I prayed to the LORD my God
The phrase "I prayed" indicates a personal and intentional act of communication with God. The Hebrew root for "prayed" is "פלל" (palal), which conveys the idea of interceding or making supplication. This highlights Daniel's role as an intercessor for his people. "The LORD" is translated from "יהוה" (YHWH), the personal name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. "My God" shows Daniel's personal relationship with God, indicating intimacy and reverence.

and confessed
The Hebrew word for "confessed" is "ידה" (yadah), which means to acknowledge or admit. This confession is not just an admission of sin but an act of worship, recognizing God's holiness and righteousness. Daniel's confession sets a pattern for believers, emphasizing the importance of humility and repentance in prayer.

O Lord, the great and awesome God
"Lord" here is "אֲדֹנָי" (Adonai), a title of respect and authority. "Great" is from the Hebrew "גָּדוֹל" (gadol), signifying God's supreme power and majesty. "Awesome" is "נוֹרָא" (nora), which conveys a sense of reverence and fear, acknowledging God's mighty deeds and His awe-inspiring presence. This phrase reflects Daniel's deep respect and awe for God's character.

who keeps His covenant
The word "keeps" is from the Hebrew "שָׁמַר" (shamar), meaning to guard or preserve. This indicates God's faithfulness and reliability. "Covenant" is "בְּרִית" (berit), a solemn agreement or promise. This highlights the unbreakable bond between God and His people, rooted in His steadfast love and commitment.

of loving devotion
"Loving devotion" is translated from "חֶסֶד" (chesed), a rich Hebrew term that encompasses love, kindness, mercy, and loyalty. It is a central theme in the Old Testament, reflecting God's enduring love and grace towards His people. This underscores the relational aspect of God's covenant, based on His unwavering love.

to those who love Him
The phrase "who love Him" uses the Hebrew "אָהַב" (ahav), which means to love deeply or have affection for. This love is not merely emotional but involves a commitment to God and His ways. It signifies a reciprocal relationship where God's love is met with the love and devotion of His people.

and keep His commandments
"Keep" again is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), emphasizing the importance of obedience and faithfulness. "Commandments" is "מִצְוָה" (mitzvah), referring to God's laws and instructions. This phrase highlights the covenantal relationship, where love for God is demonstrated through obedience to His commandments, reflecting a life aligned with His will.

we have sinned
The Hebrew word for "sinned" is "חָטָא" (chata), which means to miss the mark or to err. In the context of Daniel's prayer, this confession acknowledges a failure to live up to God's standards. Sin, in the biblical sense, is not just a moral failing but a breach in the relationship with God. Daniel's use of "we" indicates a collective responsibility, emphasizing the communal nature of sin and the need for corporate repentance.

and done wrong
The phrase "done wrong" comes from the Hebrew "עָוָה" (avah), which conveys the idea of acting perversely or committing iniquity. This term suggests a deliberate deviation from what is right. Historically, Israel's wrongdoings often involved idolatry and injustice, which were direct violations of the covenant with God. Daniel's acknowledgment of wrongdoing is a step towards restoration, recognizing the need for divine forgiveness.

we have acted wickedly
The Hebrew word "רָשַׁע" (rasha) is used here, meaning to act wickedly or to be guilty. This term often describes actions that are morally wrong and deserving of judgment. In the biblical narrative, wickedness is not just about individual acts but a state of being that opposes God's righteousness. Daniel's confession highlights the seriousness of their actions and the need for God's mercy.

and rebelled
"Rebelled" is translated from the Hebrew "מָרַד" (marad), which means to revolt or rise up against authority. In the context of Israel's history, rebellion often took the form of turning away from God's rule and seeking autonomy. This rebellion is not just political but spiritual, as it involves rejecting God's sovereignty. Daniel's prayer is a call to return to submission under God's authority.

we have turned away
The phrase "turned away" comes from the Hebrew "סוּר" (sur), meaning to depart or remove oneself. This indicates a conscious decision to abandon God's path. Throughout the Old Testament, turning away from God leads to spiritual and physical exile. Daniel's use of this phrase underscores the need for repentance and a return to God's ways.

from Your commandments and ordinances
"Commandments" and "ordinances" refer to the laws and decrees given by God, known in Hebrew as "מִצְוָה" (mitzvah) and "מִשְׁפָּט" (mishpat), respectively. These terms encompass the moral, ceremonial, and civil laws that governed Israel's life. By turning away from these, the people not only disobeyed God but also disrupted the order and justice intended for their community. Daniel's prayer is a plea for restoration through adherence to God's revealed will.

We have not listened
The Hebrew root for "listened" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just hearing but obeying and heeding. This phrase reflects a deep-seated disobedience and neglect of divine instruction. In the context of Israel's history, this failure to listen is a recurring theme, highlighting the people's persistent rebellion against God's commands. The act of listening in biblical terms often involves a heart posture of submission and willingness to act upon what is heard, which was evidently lacking.

to Your servants the prophets
The prophets were God's chosen messengers, often called "servants" (עֲבָדִים, avadim) to emphasize their role in serving God's purposes. They were tasked with delivering God's messages, warnings, and guidance to the people. This phrase underscores the gravity of ignoring those who spoke on behalf of God. Historically, prophets like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel faced rejection and persecution, yet they remained steadfast in their mission. The failure to heed their words led to dire consequences for Israel, as the prophets often warned of impending judgment due to sin.

who spoke in Your name
Speaking "in Your name" signifies the authority and divine backing of the prophets' messages. The Hebrew concept of "name" (שֵׁם, shem) encompasses character, authority, and reputation. When prophets spoke in God's name, they were conveying His will and character. This phrase highlights the seriousness of disregarding their messages, as it equates to rejecting God Himself. The authority of the prophets was not self-derived but was a direct commission from God, making their words sacred and binding.

to our kings and princes
The mention of "kings and princes" (מְלָכִים וְשָׂרִים, melachim v'sarim) indicates that the prophetic messages were directed not only to the common people but also to the nation's leaders. These leaders held the responsibility of guiding the people in righteousness and justice. Historically, many kings of Israel and Judah, such as Ahab and Zedekiah, ignored prophetic counsel, leading the nation into idolatry and moral decay. The failure of leadership to heed divine warnings often resulted in national catastrophe.

and fathers
The term "fathers" (אָבוֹת, avot) refers to the ancestors and previous generations who also received prophetic messages. This highlights a generational pattern of disobedience and neglect. The inclusion of "fathers" serves as a reminder of the longstanding nature of Israel's rebellion. It also emphasizes the communal and historical aspect of sin, where the actions of one generation affect the next, perpetuating a cycle of disobedience.

and all the people of the land
This phrase encompasses the entire nation, indicating that the failure to listen was not limited to leaders but was a widespread issue among "all the people" (כָּל־עַם הָאָרֶץ, kol-am ha'aretz). The collective responsibility and guilt of the nation are underscored here. In the biblical narrative, the land itself is often seen as a witness to the people's covenant with God, and their disobedience defiles it. This comprehensive indictment serves as a call to national repentance and a return to covenant faithfulness.

To You, O Lord, belongs righteousness
The Hebrew word for "righteousness" is "צְדָקָה" (tsedaqah), which conveys the idea of justice, rightness, and moral integrity. In the context of Daniel's prayer, this phrase acknowledges God's perfect moral character and His just nature. Daniel recognizes that God's actions are always aligned with His righteous standards, and this acknowledgment sets the tone for the confession that follows. The phrase emphasizes the divine attribute of righteousness as belonging solely to God, highlighting His holiness and the standard by which all actions are measured.

but to us open shame
The term "open shame" translates from the Hebrew "בֹּשֶׁת הַפָּנִים" (boshet hapanim), literally meaning "shame of face." This expression conveys a deep sense of public disgrace and humiliation. Daniel contrasts the righteousness of God with the shame of the people, acknowledging their failure to live up to God's standards. This phrase reflects the collective guilt and the visible consequences of Israel's sins, which have led to their current state of exile and suffering. It is a humbling admission of their moral and spiritual failure.

as it is this day
This phrase situates Daniel's confession in the present reality of Israel's situation. It underscores the immediacy and ongoing nature of their shame and suffering. The historical context here is crucial; Daniel is praying during the Babylonian exile, a period of profound crisis for the Jewish people. The phrase serves as a reminder of the enduring consequences of their disobedience and the need for repentance and divine intervention.

to the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem and all Israel
This phrase encompasses the entire community of God's people, both the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. By including "the men of Judah," "the residents of Jerusalem," and "all Israel," Daniel emphasizes the unity of the people in their shared guilt and need for God's mercy. Historically, this reflects the divided kingdoms' shared heritage and covenant relationship with God, despite their political separation.

near and far
The phrase "near and far" indicates the widespread dispersion of the Jewish people due to the exile. It acknowledges that the consequences of their unfaithfulness have affected the entire nation, regardless of their geographical location. This dispersion fulfills the warnings given by the prophets about the consequences of disobedience, and it highlights the comprehensive nature of their predicament.

in all the countries to which You have banished them
The word "banished" comes from the Hebrew "הִדַּחְתָּם" (hidachtam), meaning to drive away or scatter. This reflects the fulfillment of God's warnings through the prophets that disobedience would lead to exile. The phrase underscores God's sovereignty in the judgment process, as it is He who has allowed the dispersion as a consequence of their actions. It serves as a reminder of the covenantal relationship where blessings and curses were contingent upon Israel's faithfulness.

because of their unfaithfulness to You
The term "unfaithfulness" is derived from the Hebrew "מַעַל" (ma'al), which implies treachery or betrayal. This word captures the essence of Israel's sin as a breach of their covenant with God. It is a relational term, indicating that their actions were not just legal violations but a betrayal of their relationship with God. This phrase is a confession of the root cause of their suffering, acknowledging that their current state is a direct result of their failure to remain faithful to God.

O LORD
The Hebrew word used here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, often rendered as "LORD" in English translations. This invocation signifies a direct and personal appeal to the covenant-keeping God of Israel. It reflects Daniel's deep reverence and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and holiness. In the context of prayer, it underscores the relationship between God and His people, reminding us of His eternal presence and faithfulness despite human failings.

to us belongs open shame
The phrase "open shame" translates from the Hebrew "bosh," which conveys a sense of public disgrace and humiliation. This acknowledgment of shame is not just personal but communal, reflecting the collective guilt of the nation. It is a recognition of the consequences of sin and a humble admission of failure before a holy God. Historically, this period was marked by the Babylonian exile, a direct result of Israel's disobedience, serving as a poignant reminder of the seriousness of turning away from God's commandments.

to our kings, our leaders, and our fathers
This phrase highlights the comprehensive nature of the guilt, extending from the highest echelons of society to the foundational generations. "Kings" and "leaders" (Hebrew: "melek" and "sarim") were responsible for guiding the nation in righteousness, yet they often led in rebellion. "Fathers" refers to the ancestors who set patterns of behavior. This collective confession emphasizes the continuity of sin through generations and the need for national repentance. It also serves as a call for leaders today to guide with integrity and faithfulness to God's Word.

because we have sinned against You
The Hebrew word for "sinned" is "chata," meaning to miss the mark or fall short of God's standards. This confession is central to the verse, acknowledging that the ultimate offense is against God Himself. It reflects a deep understanding of sin's nature and its relational breach with God. Scripturally, this echoes the broader biblical narrative where sin leads to separation from God, yet confession and repentance open the way for restoration. It is a call to recognize personal and communal sin, seek God's forgiveness, and strive for holiness in alignment with His will.

To the Lord our God
This phrase establishes the subject of the verse, emphasizing the sovereignty and personal relationship between God and His people. The Hebrew word for "Lord" here is "Adonai," which signifies authority and ownership. "Our God" indicates a covenant relationship, reminding the Israelites of their unique bond with Yahweh, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This relationship is foundational to understanding the nature of God's dealings with His people throughout history.

belong compassion and forgiveness
The Hebrew word for "compassion" is "rachamim," which is derived from "rechem," meaning "womb." This imagery suggests a deep, nurturing love akin to that of a mother for her child. It highlights God's tender mercy and His willingness to care for His people despite their failings. "Forgiveness" is translated from "selichah," which implies a pardon or release from the burden of sin. Together, these attributes underscore God's gracious character, offering hope and restoration to those who turn back to Him.

even though we have rebelled against Him
The phrase "even though" introduces a contrast between God's nature and human behavior. "Rebelled" comes from the Hebrew "marad," which means to resist authority or rise in defiance. This rebellion is not just a passive disobedience but an active turning away from God's commandments. Historically, Israel's rebellion is well-documented, from the worship of the golden calf to the idolatry that led to their exile. Despite this, God's compassion and forgiveness remain available, demonstrating His unwavering commitment to His covenant people.

and have not obeyed
The phrase "and have not obeyed" underscores a recurring theme in the Old Testament: the disobedience of God's people. The Hebrew root for "obeyed" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear, listen, or give heed. In the biblical context, hearing is often synonymous with obedience. This highlights the importance of not just hearing God's word but acting upon it. The Israelites' failure to obey reflects a deeper spiritual issue of the heart, emphasizing the need for repentance and a return to God's ways.

the voice of the LORD our God
"The voice of the LORD our God" signifies divine communication and authority. The Hebrew word for "voice" is "קוֹל" (qol), which can also mean sound or noise. This phrase reminds us that God actively communicates with His people, often through His prophets, scripture, and even creation itself. The personal nature of "our God" indicates a covenant relationship, where God is not distant but intimately involved with His people. It calls believers to recognize and respond to God's guidance in their lives.

by walking in His laws
The phrase "by walking in His laws" uses the metaphor of walking to describe living according to God's commandments. The Hebrew word for "walking" is "הָלַךְ" (halak), which implies a continuous, habitual action. This suggests that obedience to God's laws is not a one-time event but a daily journey. The "laws" refer to the Torah, God's instructions given to guide His people in righteousness. This imagery encourages believers to live a life of consistent faithfulness and integrity, aligning their actions with God's will.

that He set before us
"That He set before us" indicates that God's laws are presented as a clear path for His people to follow. The Hebrew root "נָתַן" (natan) means to give or place, emphasizing that God's commandments are a gift meant to lead to life and blessing. This phrase suggests intentionality and purpose in God's revelation, inviting His people to choose the path of obedience. It serves as a reminder that God's ways are designed for our good and His glory.

through His servants the prophets
"Through His servants the prophets" highlights the role of prophets as God's messengers. The Hebrew word for "prophets" is "נָבִיא" (navi), meaning one who is called or appointed. Prophets were chosen by God to deliver His messages, often calling His people back to faithfulness. This phrase underscores the importance of heeding prophetic voices, which are divinely inspired to guide, warn, and encourage. It challenges believers to discern and respond to God's word, as delivered through His chosen instruments.

All Israel
This phrase refers to the collective nation of Israel, encompassing all twelve tribes. Historically, Israel was chosen by God to be a holy nation and a kingdom of priests (Exodus 19:6). The use of "All Israel" emphasizes the unity and collective responsibility of the nation in their covenant relationship with God. It underscores the idea that the transgression was not isolated to a few individuals but was a national issue, affecting the entire community.

has transgressed
The Hebrew root for "transgressed" is "עָבַר" (avar), which means to pass over or to go beyond. In a biblical context, it often refers to crossing boundaries set by God's commandments. This word conveys the seriousness of Israel's actions, as they have willfully crossed the boundaries of God's law, indicating a deliberate rebellion against His authority.

Your law
The "law" here refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Bible, which contain God's instructions and commandments given to Israel. The law was meant to guide Israel in righteousness and holiness. By transgressing the law, Israel not only disobeyed specific commandments but also rejected the covenant relationship with God, which was foundational to their identity as His people.

and turned away
This phrase suggests a deliberate and conscious decision to abandon God's ways. The Hebrew word "סוּר" (sur) means to turn aside or depart. It implies a willful rejection of God's path, choosing instead to follow their own desires or the ways of other nations, which often led to idolatry and moral decay.

refusing to obey You
The refusal to obey highlights the stubbornness and hardness of heart that characterized Israel's rebellion. Obedience to God was central to the covenant, and their refusal indicates a deep-seated resistance to His authority and a rejection of His lordship over their lives.

So the curse and sworn judgment
This refers to the consequences outlined in the covenant for disobedience, as detailed in passages like Deuteronomy 28. The "curse" and "sworn judgment" are the penalties that God promised would follow if Israel broke the covenant. These consequences were not arbitrary but were clearly communicated as part of the covenant agreement, underscoring God's justice and faithfulness to His word.

written in the Law of Moses, the servant of God
Moses, as the mediator of the covenant, delivered God's law to Israel. The phrase "the servant of God" highlights Moses' role as a faithful servant who communicated God's will to the people. The written law served as a permanent record of the covenant terms, including both blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience.

have been poured out on us
The imagery of being "poured out" suggests an overwhelming and inescapable judgment. It conveys the idea of God's wrath being fully unleashed as a result of Israel's persistent sin. This phrase emphasizes the severity and totality of the consequences that Israel faced due to their rebellion.

because we have sinned against You
This confession acknowledges the root cause of Israel's suffering: their sin against God. The Hebrew word for sin, "חָטָא" (chata), means to miss the mark or to fall short. It is a recognition of their failure to live up to the standards set by God and an admission of guilt. This acknowledgment is crucial for repentance and restoration, as it aligns with the biblical principle that confession precedes forgiveness and healing.

He has carried out His words
This phrase emphasizes the faithfulness and sovereignty of God in fulfilling His promises and warnings. The Hebrew root for "carried out" is "qum," which means to establish or confirm. This highlights God's active role in history, ensuring that His words come to pass. Historically, this reflects the fulfillment of prophecies given to Israel, demonstrating that God's declarations are not idle but are executed with precision.

that He spoke against us
Here, the phrase underscores the direct communication from God to His people, often through prophets. The Hebrew word for "spoke" is "dabar," which implies a formal declaration. This indicates that the warnings given to Israel were not mere suggestions but authoritative pronouncements. The historical context involves the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where blessings and curses were clearly outlined in the Law (Deuteronomy 28).

and against our rulers
This phrase points to the accountability of leaders before God. The Hebrew term for "rulers" is "sar," which can refer to princes or officials. It highlights that those in authority are not exempt from God's judgment. Historically, Israel's leaders often led the nation into idolatry and disobedience, and thus they were specifically mentioned in the prophetic warnings.

by bringing upon us a great disaster
The "great disaster" refers to the severe consequences of Israel's disobedience, such as the Babylonian exile. The Hebrew word for "disaster" is "ra'ah," which can mean evil or calamity. This reflects the seriousness of turning away from God and the inevitable judgment that follows. Archaeologically, the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple in 586 BC serves as a tangible reminder of this fulfillment.

under the whole heaven
This phrase suggests the universality and visibility of the judgment. The Hebrew "tachat kol-hashamayim" implies that the disaster was not hidden but evident to all nations. This serves as a testimony to God's justice and power, reinforcing that His actions are not confined to a small region but are recognized globally.

nothing like this has ever been done
This emphasizes the unprecedented nature of the judgment. The phrase suggests that the calamity was unparalleled in its severity and impact. Historically, the fall of Jerusalem and the subsequent exile were indeed catastrophic events for the Jewish people, marking a significant turning point in their history.

to Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the city of God, holds a central place in biblical history. The mention of Jerusalem here underscores the gravity of the judgment, as it was the spiritual and political heart of Israel. The city's destruction symbolized the breaking of the covenant relationship due to persistent disobedience. Scripturally, Jerusalem is often seen as a microcosm of God's relationship with His people, making its judgment particularly poignant.

Just as it is written in the Law of Moses
This phrase underscores the authority and foundational role of the Mosaic Law in the life of Israel. The "Law of Moses" refers to the first five books of the Bible, also known as the Torah. These texts were not only legal and moral guides but also prophetic, warning Israel of the consequences of disobedience. The Hebrew word for "written" (כָּתוּב, kathub) implies a permanent record, emphasizing that God's warnings were clearly documented and accessible. Historically, the Israelites were expected to know and adhere to these writings, which were central to their covenant relationship with God.

all this disaster has come upon us
The "disaster" mentioned here refers to the calamities that befell Israel, including exile and destruction. The Hebrew word for "disaster" (רָעָה, ra'ah) can also mean "evil" or "calamity," indicating both the physical and moral dimensions of their suffering. This phrase reflects the fulfillment of the curses outlined in Deuteronomy 28, where God warned of the consequences of disobedience. The historical context is the Babylonian exile, a period of profound loss and reflection for the Jewish people, serving as a divine chastisement intended to bring them back to faithfulness.

yet we have not sought the favor of the LORD our God
This phrase highlights a critical failure on the part of the Israelites: their lack of repentance and seeking God's mercy. The Hebrew word for "sought" (בִּקֵּשׁ, biqqesh) implies an earnest, diligent search or request. Despite the severity of their situation, the people had not turned to God with humility and contrition. The phrase "the favor of the LORD" (פְּנֵי יְהוָה, p'nei YHWH) literally means "the face of the LORD," symbolizing His presence and blessing. This reflects a relational aspect of faith, where seeking God's face is synonymous with seeking His grace and forgiveness.

by turning from our iniquities
Repentance is central to this phrase, with "turning" (שׁוּב, shuv) being a key Hebrew term for repentance, meaning to return or turn back. "Iniquities" (עֲוֹנוֹת, avonot) refers to moral perversity or guilt. The call to turn from iniquities is a call to genuine repentance, a change of heart and behavior. Biblically, repentance is not merely feeling sorry but involves a decisive turning away from sin and a return to God. This concept is echoed throughout the prophetic literature, where the prophets call Israel to return to the LORD with all their heart.

and giving attention to Your truth
The phrase "giving attention" (הַשְׂכִּיל, haskil) suggests understanding, insight, or prudence. It implies an active engagement with God's truth, which is His revealed word and commandments. "Your truth" (אֲמִתֶּךָ, amittecha) signifies the reliability and faithfulness of God's word. In the biblical context, truth is not just factual correctness but encompasses faithfulness and trustworthiness. The call to give attention to God's truth is a call to align one's life with His revealed will, to live in accordance with His statutes and promises.

So the LORD
The phrase "the LORD" in Hebrew is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, often rendered as Yahweh. This name emphasizes God's eternal existence and His covenant relationship with Israel. It is a reminder of His sovereignty and faithfulness, even when His people are unfaithful.

has kept the calamity in store
The Hebrew word for "calamity" is "ra'ah," which can mean evil, disaster, or adversity. The phrase suggests that God, in His omniscience, has allowed the consequences of Israel's disobedience to unfold. This is not a capricious act but a fulfillment of the covenant warnings given in the Law (Deuteronomy 28). It underscores the principle of divine justice and the certainty of God's word.

and brought it upon us
This indicates the active role of God in the unfolding of historical events. The calamity is not random but is brought by God as a direct response to the people's actions. It reflects the biblical theme that God is involved in the affairs of nations and individuals, guiding history according to His purposes.

for the LORD our God is righteous
The term "righteous" in Hebrew is "tsaddiq," which conveys the idea of being just, right, and morally pure. God's righteousness is a central theme in Scripture, highlighting His perfect nature and His commitment to justice. This righteousness is the standard by which He judges the world, and it assures believers of His fair and equitable dealings.

in all His deeds which He has done
This phrase emphasizes the consistency and integrity of God's actions. Everything God does is in alignment with His righteous character. It reassures believers that even when circumstances are difficult, God's actions are always just and purposeful.

but we have not obeyed His voice
The Hebrew word for "obeyed" is "shama," which means to hear, listen, or give heed. This phrase highlights the failure of the people to respond to God's commands and warnings. It is a confession of sin and a recognition of the breach in the covenant relationship. This acknowledgment is crucial for repentance and restoration.

Now, O Lord our God
This phrase begins with an invocation, a direct address to God, emphasizing His sovereignty and personal relationship with His people. The Hebrew word for "Lord" here is "Adonai," which signifies God's authority and lordship. "Our God" reflects a covenant relationship, reminding us of the personal and communal bond between God and Israel. This invocation sets the tone for a heartfelt plea, acknowledging God's supreme power and intimate connection with His people.

who brought Your people out of the land of Egypt
This phrase recalls the Exodus, a foundational event in Israel's history. The Hebrew verb "brought" (yatsa) signifies a powerful act of deliverance. The "land of Egypt" symbolizes bondage and oppression, from which God liberated His people. This historical reference serves as a reminder of God's past faithfulness and power, reinforcing the hope that He can deliver again. It also underscores the continuity of God's redemptive work throughout history.

with a mighty hand
The "mighty hand" is a metaphor for God's power and intervention. In Hebrew, "mighty" (chazaq) conveys strength and firmness. This imagery is often used in the Old Testament to describe God's ability to perform miraculous acts. It reassures the faithful of God's capability to overcome any obstacle, emphasizing His omnipotence and the assurance that His power is unmatched.

and made for Yourself a name renowned to this day
This phrase highlights the enduring legacy of God's actions. The "name" in Hebrew (shem) represents reputation and character. By delivering Israel, God established a "renowned" (gadol) name, signifying greatness and fame. This renown persists "to this day," indicating the lasting impact of God's deeds. It serves as a testament to His faithfulness and the enduring nature of His covenant with His people.

we have sinned; we have acted wickedly
Here, Daniel acknowledges the collective sin of Israel. The Hebrew word for "sinned" (chata) means to miss the mark, while "acted wickedly" (rasha) implies moral corruption. This confession is crucial in the context of repentance and seeking God's mercy. It reflects a deep awareness of human fallibility and the need for divine forgiveness. The juxtaposition of God's faithfulness with human sinfulness underscores the need for grace and redemption.

O Lord
The phrase "O Lord" is a direct address to God, emphasizing His sovereignty and authority. In Hebrew, "Lord" is often translated from "Adonai," which signifies master or ruler. This invocation sets the tone for a humble and earnest plea, acknowledging God's supreme power and the speaker's submission to His will. It reflects a deep reverence and recognition of God's ultimate control over the affairs of nations and individuals.

in keeping with all Your righteous acts
This phrase highlights God's consistent nature in acting righteously. The Hebrew word for "righteous" is "tsedeq," which conveys justice, fairness, and moral integrity. Daniel appeals to God's history of righteous deeds, suggesting that God's past actions are a foundation for hope and expectation of future mercy. It underscores the belief that God's righteousness is not just a standard but an active force in the world, guiding His interactions with humanity.

turn away Your anger and wrath
Here, Daniel is asking God to relent from His anger and wrath, which are often depicted in the Old Testament as divine responses to sin and disobedience. The Hebrew words for "anger" and "wrath" are "aph" and "chemah," respectively, both of which convey intense displeasure. This plea is rooted in the understanding that God's anger is just, yet His mercy can prevail when His people repent. It reflects a deep desire for reconciliation and restoration of the relationship between God and His people.

from Jerusalem, Your city, Your holy mountain
Jerusalem is identified as God's city and His holy mountain, emphasizing its significance in the biblical narrative. The city is not just a physical location but a symbol of God's presence and covenant with His people. The term "holy mountain" refers to Mount Zion, a place of divine dwelling and worship. This highlights the sacredness of Jerusalem and the profound loss experienced when it is under divine judgment. It is a call for the restoration of the city to its intended glory and purpose.

for because of our sins and the iniquities of our fathers
Daniel acknowledges the collective guilt of the people, including the sins of previous generations. The Hebrew word for "sins" is "chatta'ah," and "iniquities" is "avon," both indicating moral failings and transgressions against God's law. This confession is crucial, as it recognizes the continuity of sin and its consequences across generations. It is an appeal for divine forgiveness, rooted in the understanding that acknowledgment of sin is the first step toward redemption.

Jerusalem and Your people have become a reproach
The term "reproach" signifies disgrace or shame, indicating the lowly state to which Jerusalem and its people have fallen. This reflects the consequences of sin, not only in terms of divine judgment but also in the eyes of surrounding nations. The Hebrew word "cherpah" conveys a sense of scorn and dishonor. This acknowledgment serves as a motivation for seeking God's intervention, as the restoration of honor and dignity is tied to the restoration of the relationship with God.

to all those around us
This phrase indicates the broader impact of Jerusalem's condition on neighboring nations. It suggests that the state of God's people is a testimony to the world, either for good or ill. The surrounding nations witnessing Jerusalem's reproach underscores the importance of God's people living in a way that reflects His glory. It is a reminder of the communal and missional aspect of faith, where the actions and state of God's people have implications beyond their immediate context.

So now, our God
This phrase marks a transition in Daniel's prayer, moving from confession to supplication. The Hebrew word for "God" here is "Elohim," a plural form that emphasizes the majesty and power of God. It reflects Daniel's deep reverence and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty. The use of "our" signifies a personal relationship and collective identity with God, highlighting the communal aspect of Israel's faith.

hear the prayer and petitions
The Hebrew word for "hear" is "shama," which implies not just listening but also responding. Daniel is pleading for God's attentive and active engagement. "Prayer" (Hebrew: "tefillah") and "petitions" (Hebrew: "tachanunim") suggest both general and specific requests, indicating Daniel's earnest and heartfelt communication with God. This duality underscores the depth of Daniel's intercession for his people.

of Your servant
Daniel refers to himself as "Your servant," a term of humility and submission. The Hebrew word "ebed" denotes a servant or slave, emphasizing Daniel's role as one who serves God faithfully. This self-identification reflects Daniel's understanding of his position before God and his dedication to God's will.

For Your sake, O Lord
This phrase shifts the focus from human need to divine glory. The Hebrew word for "Lord" is "Adonai," a title that conveys authority and lordship. Daniel appeals to God's own reputation and honor, recognizing that the ultimate purpose of his request is to glorify God. This reflects a theocentric perspective, where God's purposes and glory are paramount.

cause Your face to shine
The imagery of God's face shining is rooted in the Aaronic blessing (Numbers 6:24-26) and signifies favor, presence, and blessing. The Hebrew word "panim" (face) and the verb "or" (to shine) together convey the idea of divine approval and benevolence. Daniel is asking for God's gracious presence to be restored to His people, a request for renewal and restoration.

on Your desolate sanctuary
The term "desolate" (Hebrew: "shamem") describes the state of the temple in Jerusalem, which had been destroyed and left in ruins. The "sanctuary" (Hebrew: "miqdash") refers to the holy place where God's presence dwelt among His people. Daniel's plea is for the restoration of the temple, symbolizing the renewal of the covenant relationship between God and Israel. This reflects the hope for spiritual and physical restoration, aligning with the prophetic promises of return and rebuilding.

Incline Your ear, O my God, and hear
The phrase "Incline Your ear" is a plea for God to listen attentively. In Hebrew, the word for "incline" is "natah," which conveys the idea of stretching out or bending down. This imagery suggests a God who is willing to stoop down to hear the cries of His people, emphasizing His accessibility and willingness to engage with humanity. The phrase "O my God" personalizes the prayer, indicating a relationship between Daniel and God. It reflects a deep trust and reliance on God’s willingness to listen. The word "hear" in Hebrew is "shama," which not only means to hear but also to understand and respond. Daniel is not just asking God to listen but to act upon his request.

open Your eyes and see the desolation of the city that bears Your name
"Open Your eyes" is a metaphorical request for God to become aware of the situation. In Hebrew, "open" is "patah," which means to unseal or reveal. Daniel is asking God to take notice of the plight of Jerusalem. The "desolation of the city" refers to the destruction and ruin of Jerusalem, which was a result of the Babylonian conquest. Historically, this desolation was a significant event, marking the exile of the Jewish people and the destruction of the Temple. The phrase "that bears Your name" highlights the covenant relationship between God and Jerusalem. The city was not just any city; it was chosen by God and held a special place in His divine plan. This appeal is based on the honor of God's name, which is associated with Jerusalem.

For we are not presenting our petitions before You because of our righteous acts
This phrase acknowledges human insufficiency and the inability to earn God’s favor through deeds. The Hebrew word for "righteous acts" is "tsedaqah," which refers to justice or righteousness. Daniel admits that the people have no merit of their own to claim before God. This humility is a central theme in the Bible, where human righteousness is often seen as insufficient compared to God's holiness. The word "petitions" in Hebrew is "tachanun," which implies supplications or earnest requests. Daniel is presenting these petitions not based on human merit but on something greater.

but because of Your great compassion
The phrase "Your great compassion" is the foundation of Daniel's appeal. The Hebrew word for "compassion" is "rachamim," which is derived from "rechem," meaning womb, suggesting a deep, nurturing love. This word conveys the idea of a tender, merciful love that God has for His people. Daniel relies on God's character, His mercy, and His covenantal love rather than any human action. This reflects a key theological point in conservative Christianity: salvation and divine intervention are acts of grace, not earned by human deeds but given freely by a loving God. The emphasis on "great" underscores the vastness and depth of God's mercy, which is limitless and available to those who seek Him earnestly.

O Lord, listen!
The phrase "O Lord, listen!" is a heartfelt plea from Daniel, emphasizing the urgency and desperation in his prayer. The Hebrew word for "listen" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear intelligently, often with the implication of attention and obedience. Daniel is not merely asking God to hear the words, but to pay attention and respond. This reflects the deep relationship between God and His people, where God is not a distant deity but an attentive Father.

O Lord, forgive!
Here, "forgive" is translated from the Hebrew word "סָלַח" (salach), which means to pardon or spare. Daniel acknowledges the sins of Israel and seeks divine mercy. Forgiveness in the biblical context is not just about absolution but also about restoration of relationship. Daniel's plea is rooted in the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where forgiveness is a pathway to renewal and healing.

O Lord, hear and act!
The repetition of "O Lord" underscores the intensity of Daniel's supplication. "Hear" (שָׁמַע, shama) and "act" (עָשָׂה, asah) together convey a call for God to not only listen but to intervene. The Hebrew "asah" implies doing or making, suggesting that Daniel is asking for tangible action from God. This reflects the biblical understanding that faith is not passive but expects divine intervention in the affairs of humanity.

For Your sake, O my God
Daniel appeals to God's own reputation and glory. The phrase "For Your sake" indicates that the motivation for the request is not merely the benefit of the people but the honor of God's name. This reflects a deep theological truth that God's actions in history are ultimately for the display of His glory and faithfulness. Daniel's use of "O my God" personalizes the plea, showing his intimate relationship with the divine.

do not delay
The urgency in "do not delay" is palpable. The Hebrew word "אַחַר" (achar) means to linger or tarry. Daniel is acutely aware of the pressing need for God's intervention. This urgency is not just about immediate relief but is tied to the prophetic timeline and the fulfillment of God's promises. It reflects a trust in God's timing while also expressing a human desire for swift resolution.

because Your city and Your people bear Your name
"Your city" refers to Jerusalem, and "Your people" to the Israelites. The phrase "bear Your name" signifies ownership and representation. In ancient Near Eastern culture, a name was more than a label; it represented character and authority. By invoking God's name, Daniel is reminding God of His covenant promises and the responsibility that comes with His name being associated with His people. This is a profound reminder of the identity and mission of God's people to reflect His character to the world.

While I was speaking
This phrase indicates the immediacy and continuity of Daniel's communication with God. The Hebrew root for "speaking" is "דָּבַר" (dabar), which often implies not just verbal communication but a deeper, purposeful dialogue. Daniel's speaking is not a mere recitation but a heartfelt engagement with God, reflecting the intimate relationship between the prophet and the Divine. This sets a precedent for believers to approach God with sincerity and openness, trusting that He listens attentively.

praying
The act of praying here is derived from the Hebrew word "פָּלַל" (palal), which means to intercede or mediate. Daniel's prayer is an intercessory one, standing in the gap for his people. This highlights the role of prayer as a powerful tool for advocacy and intervention, encouraging believers to pray not only for personal needs but also for the needs of others, especially the community of faith.

confessing my sin
Confession is a critical component of Daniel's prayer, rooted in the Hebrew "יָדָה" (yadah), meaning to acknowledge or confess. Daniel's admission of sin demonstrates humility and self-awareness, recognizing his own shortcomings before a holy God. This act of confession is essential for spiritual growth and restoration, reminding believers of the importance of repentance in maintaining a right relationship with God.

and the sin of my people Israel
Daniel not only confesses his own sins but also those of his people, Israel. This collective confession underscores the concept of corporate responsibility and solidarity within the community of faith. The Hebrew word for sin, "חֵטְא" (chet), signifies a missing of the mark, a deviation from God's standards. Daniel's identification with his people's sins exemplifies a deep sense of unity and shared accountability, urging believers to intercede for their communities and seek communal repentance.

presenting my petition
The phrase "presenting my petition" comes from the Hebrew "נָפַל" (naphal), meaning to fall or to lay down, and "תְּחִנָּה" (teḥinnah), meaning supplication or plea. Daniel's act of presenting his petition is one of humility and earnestness, laying his requests before God with a heart full of faith and dependence. This teaches believers the importance of approaching God with reverence and trust, confident that He hears and responds to our supplications.

before the LORD my God
This phrase emphasizes the personal relationship Daniel has with God, using the covenant name "Yahweh" (יְהוָה) and the possessive "my God" (אֱלֹהַי, Elohai). It reflects a deep, personal connection and commitment to the God of Israel. For believers, this highlights the privilege of having a personal relationship with God through Jesus Christ, encouraging them to approach Him with confidence and intimacy.

for His holy hill
The "holy hill" refers to Jerusalem, specifically Mount Zion, which holds significant spiritual and historical importance as the site of the temple. The Hebrew "קֹדֶשׁ" (qodesh) for "holy" signifies something set apart for God's purposes. Daniel's focus on the holy hill underscores the centrality of worship and the presence of God among His people. It serves as a reminder for believers to prioritize God's presence and purposes in their lives, seeking His glory above all else.

while I was still in prayer
This phrase emphasizes the power and immediacy of prayer in the life of a believer. Daniel's commitment to prayer is a central theme in his life, demonstrating his unwavering faith and dedication to God. The Hebrew root for "prayer" (תְּפִלָּה, tefillah) suggests an act of intercession and supplication, highlighting the intimate communication between Daniel and God. Historically, prayer was a vital practice for the Israelites, serving as a means to seek divine guidance and intervention.

Gabriel
Gabriel is one of the few angels named in the Bible, and his name means "God is my strength." In the Hebrew context, angels are messengers of God, and Gabriel's appearance signifies the importance of the message being delivered. Gabriel's role in the scriptures is often associated with delivering messages of great significance, as seen in his appearances in both the Old and New Testaments. His presence here underscores the divine response to Daniel's earnest prayers.

the man I had seen in the earlier vision
This phrase connects the current event to a previous divine encounter, reinforcing the continuity of God's revelation to Daniel. The term "man" (אִישׁ, ish) is used to describe Gabriel, indicating his appearance in a form that Daniel could comprehend. This anthropomorphic depiction of an angel highlights the accessibility of divine messages to humans. The earlier vision refers to Daniel 8, where Gabriel provides insight into future events, establishing a pattern of divine communication and revelation.

came to me in swift flight
The imagery of "swift flight" conveys the urgency and importance of Gabriel's mission. The Hebrew word for "swift" (יַעֵף, ya'ef) suggests a rapid and purposeful movement, emphasizing the immediacy of God's response to Daniel's prayer. This phrase illustrates the readiness of God to answer the prayers of the faithful and the active role of angels in executing God's will. It serves as a reminder of the divine orchestration behind the scenes of human history.

about the time of the evening sacrifice
The "evening sacrifice" refers to the daily offering made in the temple, a practice that was central to Jewish worship and ritual. This time, around 3 PM, was significant for the Israelites as a moment of reflection and devotion. The mention of the evening sacrifice situates Daniel's experience within the framework of Jewish religious life, even though the temple was no longer standing. It underscores Daniel's adherence to his faith and traditions, despite being in exile. This connection to the sacrificial system points to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, which fulfills and transcends the Old Testament offerings.

He instructed me
This phrase indicates a direct communication from a divine messenger to Daniel. The Hebrew root for "instructed" is "בִּין" (bin), which means to discern or understand. This suggests that the message is not merely informational but transformative, aiming to deepen Daniel's comprehension of God's plans. Historically, this reflects the role of angels as messengers who bridge the divine and human realms, emphasizing the importance of divine guidance in understanding spiritual truths.

and spoke with me
The act of speaking here is significant, as it implies a personal and intimate communication. The Hebrew word "דָּבַר" (dabar) is used, which often denotes a powerful and authoritative word. This highlights the personal nature of God's communication with His prophets, ensuring that His messages are delivered clearly and with authority. In the context of Daniel's life, this underscores the special relationship between God and His chosen servants, who are entrusted with His revelations.

saying
This word introduces the content of the message, indicating that what follows is of utmost importance. The Hebrew "אָמַר" (amar) is used, which is a common verb for speaking but often introduces significant declarations or commands. This sets the stage for the revelation that Daniel is about to receive, emphasizing the weight and authority of the divine message.

O Daniel
The use of Daniel's name here is personal and direct, signifying the importance of the message specifically for him. In Hebrew, "דָּנִיֵּאל" (Daniyyel) means "God is my judge," which is fitting given the context of divine revelation and judgment. This personal address highlights the intimate relationship between God and Daniel, and by extension, God's personal concern for His people.

I have come now
This phrase indicates the immediacy and urgency of the angel's mission. The Hebrew "בָּאתִי" (bati) suggests a purposeful arrival, emphasizing that the message is timely and necessary. Historically, this reflects the belief in divine intervention at critical moments in history, reassuring believers of God's active role in guiding and directing the course of events.

to give you insight
The purpose of the angel's visit is to impart "insight," which in Hebrew is "שָׂכַל" (sakal), meaning to be prudent or to have understanding. This implies a deeper level of comprehension beyond mere knowledge, suggesting that Daniel is being equipped to grasp complex divine truths. This aligns with the biblical theme of wisdom as a gift from God, enabling His servants to discern His will and purposes.

and understanding
The Hebrew word for "understanding" is "בִּינָה" (binah), which denotes discernment and the ability to perceive the true nature of things. This complements "insight," suggesting a comprehensive grasp of the divine message. In the broader biblical context, understanding is often associated with spiritual maturity and the ability to apply God's truths to life. This reinforces the idea that God's revelations are meant to transform and equip His people for faithful service.

At the beginning of your petitions
This phrase highlights the immediacy with which God responds to Daniel's prayers. The Hebrew word for "beginning" (תְּחִלָּה, techillah) suggests the very start or inception of something. This indicates that God is attentive and responsive to the prayers of His faithful servants. Daniel's petitions are not just casual requests but earnest supplications, reflecting his deep commitment and relationship with God. This serves as an encouragement for believers to approach God with sincerity and faith, knowing that He hears and values their prayers from the very outset.

an answer went out
The phrase underscores the swift action of God in response to Daniel's prayer. The Hebrew word for "answer" (דָּבָר, dabar) can also mean "word" or "matter," indicating that God's response is not just a simple reply but a significant communication. This reflects the biblical truth that God is not distant or indifferent but actively involved in the lives of His people. The "answer" going out signifies God's sovereign control and His willingness to reveal His plans to those who seek Him earnestly.

and I have come to tell you
This part of the verse emphasizes the role of the angelic messenger, likely Gabriel, who is sent to deliver God's message to Daniel. The act of coming to tell Daniel highlights the personal nature of God's communication. The Hebrew verb for "tell" (נָגַד, nagad) implies making something known or declaring it openly. This demonstrates God's desire for His people to understand His will and purposes, reinforcing the idea that divine revelation is accessible to those who are devoted to Him.

for you are highly esteemed
The phrase reveals God's deep affection and regard for Daniel. The Hebrew word translated as "highly esteemed" (חֲמוּדוֹת, chamudot) can also mean "precious" or "beloved." This indicates that Daniel's character and faithfulness have found favor in God's eyes. It serves as a powerful reminder that God values righteousness and devotion, and He honors those who earnestly seek Him. This esteem is not based on human merit but on a heart aligned with God's purposes.

So consider the message
Here, Daniel is instructed to pay careful attention to the message being delivered. The Hebrew word for "consider" (בִּין, bin) means to understand or discern. This implies an active engagement with the revelation, requiring Daniel to reflect and comprehend its significance. It underscores the importance of not just hearing God's word but actively seeking to understand and apply it in one's life. This is a call for believers to be diligent in their study and meditation on Scripture.

and understand the vision
The final phrase emphasizes the need for comprehension of the vision given to Daniel. The Hebrew word for "understand" (שָׂכַל, sakal) suggests insight and wisdom. The "vision" (חָזוֹן, chazon) refers to the prophetic revelation that Daniel receives. This highlights the necessity for spiritual discernment and the guidance of the Holy Spirit in interpreting and applying prophetic messages. It encourages believers to seek divine wisdom and understanding in their pursuit of God's truth, recognizing that true insight comes from God alone.

Seventy weeks
The phrase "seventy weeks" is derived from the Hebrew "shavuim shivim," which literally means "seventy sevens." This is often interpreted as seventy sets of seven years, totaling 490 years. This period is significant in biblical prophecy, symbolizing a complete and divinely appointed time frame for God's redemptive plan for Israel and the world. The number seven in the Bible often represents completeness or perfection, reflecting God's perfect plan unfolding through history.

are decreed
The Hebrew word used here is "nechtak," which means "determined" or "cut out." This indicates that God has sovereignly set aside this specific period for His purposes. It emphasizes the divine authority and intentionality behind the unfolding of these events, reassuring believers of God's control over history.

for your people and your holy city
"Your people" refers to the Israelites, Daniel's own people, and "your holy city" refers to Jerusalem. This highlights the focus of the prophecy on Israel and Jerusalem, central to God's covenantal promises. Jerusalem, as the holy city, is the epicenter of God's redemptive work, where His presence dwelt in the temple and where significant future events would unfold.

to finish the transgression
The Hebrew word for "finish" is "kala," meaning to bring to an end or complete. "Transgression" refers to rebellion against God. This phrase indicates a future time when Israel's rebellion will be fully addressed and brought to an end, pointing to the ultimate reconciliation between God and His people.

to put an end to sin
The phrase suggests the cessation of sin's power and presence. The Hebrew word for "sin" is "chatta'ah," which encompasses both the act of sinning and its consequences. This points to a future hope where sin will no longer separate humanity from God, fulfilled through the atoning work of Christ.

to atone for iniquity
"Atone" comes from the Hebrew "kaphar," meaning to cover or make reconciliation. "Iniquity" refers to moral perversity or guilt. This phrase foreshadows the sacrificial work of Jesus Christ, who provides the ultimate atonement for humanity's sins, reconciling us to God.

to bring in everlasting righteousness
This phrase speaks of the establishment of a new order characterized by eternal righteousness. The Hebrew word for "righteousness" is "tsedeq," which implies justice and right standing with God. This points to the Messianic kingdom where Christ's righteousness will reign forever.

to seal up vision and prophecy
"Seal up" suggests the completion or fulfillment of prophetic revelation. The Hebrew word "chatham" means to close or authenticate. This indicates that the prophecies concerning Israel and the Messiah will be fully realized, affirming the reliability of God's word.

and to anoint the Most Holy Place
The "Most Holy Place" refers to the innermost part of the temple, symbolizing God's presence. "Anoint" comes from the Hebrew "mashach," meaning to consecrate or set apart. This points to the ultimate sanctification and dedication of God's dwelling, fulfilled in Christ, who is the true temple and through whom believers have access to God's presence.

Know and understand this
The Hebrew words for "know" (יָדַע, yada) and "understand" (בִּין, bin) emphasize the importance of grasping the prophecy with both intellectual and spiritual insight. This call to comprehension is not merely academic but invites the reader to engage deeply with God's revelation. In the biblical context, knowing often implies a relational understanding, suggesting that this prophecy is meant to draw believers closer to God's unfolding plan.

From the issuance of the decree
The term "decree" (דָּבָר, dabar) refers to a formal command or proclamation. Historically, this points to a specific royal edict, likely that of Artaxerxes I in 445 BC, which allowed the Jews to return and rebuild Jerusalem. This decree marks the starting point of the prophetic timeline, underscoring God's sovereignty in orchestrating historical events to fulfill His purposes.

to restore and rebuild Jerusalem
The Hebrew word for "restore" (שׁוּב, shub) conveys a sense of returning to a former state, while "rebuild" (בָּנָה, banah) indicates construction or re-establishment. This phrase highlights the physical and spiritual renewal of Jerusalem, a city central to God's covenant with His people. The restoration of Jerusalem symbolizes hope and divine faithfulness, as God promises to bring His people back to their homeland.

until the Anointed One, the ruler, comes
"Anointed One" (מָשִׁיחַ, mashiach) is a term used for kings and priests, signifying one set apart for a divine purpose. In Christian theology, this is understood as a prophecy of Jesus Christ, the Messiah. The "ruler" (נָגִיד, nagid) denotes a leader with authority, pointing to Christ's kingly role. This phrase encapsulates the anticipation of the Messiah's arrival, a central hope in both Jewish and Christian eschatology.

there will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks
The "weeks" (שָׁבוּעַ, shavua) are understood as periods of seven years, a concept rooted in the sabbatical cycles of Israel. The division into "seven" and "sixty-two" weeks suggests a structured timeline, leading to a total of 483 years. This precise chronology reflects God's meticulous planning and the reliability of His prophetic word.

It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench
The rebuilding "with streets" (רְחוֹב, rechov) and "a trench" (חָרוּץ, charuts) indicates comprehensive urban restoration, including infrastructure and defenses. This detail underscores the thoroughness of the reconstruction, fulfilling the decree's promise. Historically, Nehemiah's efforts to rebuild Jerusalem's walls and streets align with this prophecy, demonstrating God's provision and protection.

but in times of distress
The phrase "times of distress" (צֹוק, tsok) acknowledges the challenges and opposition faced during the rebuilding process. This reflects the historical reality of adversaries like Sanballat and Tobiah, who opposed Nehemiah's work. Spiritually, it reminds believers that God's purposes often unfold amidst trials, calling for perseverance and faith in His ultimate victory.

Then after the sixty-two weeks
This phrase refers to a prophetic timeline given earlier in Daniel 9. The "sixty-two weeks" are part of a larger period of "seventy weeks" or "seventy sevens," which are understood as weeks of years, totaling 490 years. The Hebrew word for "weeks" is "שָׁבוּעַ" (shavua), meaning a period of seven. This timeline is crucial for understanding the prophecy concerning the coming of the Messiah and the events that follow. Historically, this period is seen as leading up to the time of Jesus Christ, aligning with His ministry and crucifixion.

the Anointed One
The term "Anointed One" is translated from the Hebrew "מָשִׁיחַ" (Mashiach), which is the root for "Messiah." In the New Testament, this is paralleled by the Greek "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "Christ." This title signifies one who is consecrated or set apart for a divine purpose. In the context of Daniel, it is a clear reference to Jesus Christ, who Christians believe fulfilled the Messianic prophecies through His life, death, and resurrection.

will be cut off
The phrase "cut off" comes from the Hebrew "כָּרַת" (karath), which often implies a violent or premature death. This is seen as a prophetic reference to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, where He was "cut off" from the land of the living. This act was not only a fulfillment of prophecy but also central to the Christian understanding of atonement and redemption.

and will have nothing
This phrase can be interpreted as the Anointed One being deprived of His rightful kingdom and honor at the time of His death. Jesus, though King, was rejected by His people and crucified, seemingly left with nothing. Yet, from a Christian perspective, this "nothing" was the ultimate sacrifice that brought salvation to humanity.

the people of the prince who is to come
This refers to a future ruler whose people will bring destruction. Historically, this has been associated with the Romans, who destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70. The "prince" is often interpreted as a reference to a future antichrist figure, a leader who will oppose God and His people.

will destroy the city and the sanctuary
The destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple was a significant event in Jewish history, marking the end of the Second Temple period. This fulfilled Jesus' prophecy in the Gospels about the Temple's destruction and serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of rejecting God's Anointed One.

The end will come like a flood
The imagery of a flood suggests suddenness and overwhelming force. This can be seen as a metaphor for the swift and total destruction that came upon Jerusalem. In a broader eschatological sense, it points to the final judgment and the end times, when God's justice will be fully realized.

and until the end there will be war
This phrase indicates a period of ongoing conflict and turmoil. Historically, Jerusalem has been a focal point of strife, and this prophecy underscores the persistent nature of spiritual and physical battles until the culmination of God's plan.

desolations have been decreed
The term "desolations" speaks to the devastation and ruin that have been determined by God. The Hebrew root "שָׁמֵם" (shamem) conveys a sense of being laid waste. This reflects the divine judgment that comes as a result of sin and rebellion but also serves as a call to repentance and faithfulness to God.

And he will confirm a covenant
The phrase "he will confirm a covenant" suggests a strong, binding agreement. The Hebrew word for "confirm" is "gabar," which implies strength and might. This covenant is not merely a casual agreement but a powerful, authoritative pact. Historically, covenants in the Bible are significant, often involving God and His people, such as the Abrahamic and Mosaic covenants. In this context, the "he" is often interpreted as a future ruler or the Antichrist, who will establish a deceptive peace treaty.

with many
The term "with many" indicates that this covenant will involve a large group of people, possibly nations or a collective of leaders. The Hebrew word "rab" can mean numerous or great, suggesting a widespread impact. This aligns with the prophetic vision of a global or regional agreement that affects many, particularly in the Middle Eastern context, where Daniel's prophecies are centered.

for one week
The "one week" refers to a prophetic period of seven years, as the Hebrew word "shabu'a" means a period of seven. This is part of the seventy weeks prophecy in Daniel 9, where each "week" represents seven years. This timeframe is crucial in eschatological studies, marking a significant period in the end times narrative.

but in the middle of the week
The phrase "in the middle of the week" pinpoints a critical turning point at three and a half years into the seven-year period. This mid-point is significant in prophetic literature, often associated with a betrayal or a shift in events. It is a time when the covenant is broken, leading to significant consequences.

he will put an end to sacrifice and offering
The cessation of "sacrifice and offering" indicates a disruption in religious practices, particularly those associated with the Jewish temple. The Hebrew words "zebach" (sacrifice) and "minchah" (offering) refer to the traditional temple rituals. Historically, this aligns with the abomination of desolation, a concept where sacred practices are halted, often seen as a sign of desecration.

And on the wing of abominations
The "wing of abominations" is a vivid image, with "kanaph" (wing) suggesting an extremity or pinnacle, and "shiqquwts" (abominations) indicating detestable things, often associated with idolatry or pagan practices. This phrase suggests a peak or culmination of blasphemous acts, possibly linked to the Antichrist's actions in the temple.

will come the one who makes desolate
The "one who makes desolate" refers to a figure or force that brings destruction and desolation. The Hebrew "shamem" means to devastate or lay waste. This is often interpreted as the Antichrist or a similar figure who desecrates the holy place, fulfilling the prophecy of the abomination of desolation.

until the decreed destruction
The "decreed destruction" implies a predetermined judgment or end. The Hebrew "charats" (decreed) and "kalah" (destruction) suggest a decisive, irrevocable outcome. This reflects God's sovereign plan, where despite the chaos, His ultimate purpose will prevail.

is poured out upon him
The phrase "poured out upon him" indicates the execution of divine judgment. The imagery of pouring suggests a thorough, overwhelming action. This aligns with biblical themes of God's wrath being poured out on the wicked, ensuring that justice is served according to His divine timetable.