My little children
This phrase reflects the deep affection and pastoral concern that the Apostle John has for his readers. The Greek term "τεκνία" (teknia) is a diminutive form, often used to express endearment and intimacy. John, as a spiritual father, addresses his audience with a tone of gentle authority and love, reminiscent of a shepherd caring for his flock. This familial language underscores the close-knit community of believers and the relational nature of the Christian faith.

I am writing these things to you
The act of writing is significant in the ancient world, where oral tradition was prevalent. By committing his teachings to writing, John ensures the preservation and dissemination of apostolic doctrine. The phrase indicates intentionality and purpose, suggesting that the content of the letter is both urgent and essential for the spiritual well-being of the recipients. It also highlights the authoritative nature of the apostolic witness, as John's words are inspired and carry the weight of divine instruction.

so that you will not sin
Here, John articulates the purpose of his writing: to encourage holiness and prevent sin among believers. The Greek word for sin, "ἁμαρτάνω" (hamartanō), conveys the idea of missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. John's exhortation is rooted in the transformative power of the gospel, which not only forgives sin but also empowers believers to live righteously. This phrase emphasizes the high calling of Christians to pursue a life that reflects the character of Christ.

But if anyone does sin
Acknowledging human frailty, John provides a realistic perspective on the Christian life. The conjunction "ἀλλά" (alla) introduces a contrast, recognizing that despite the call to holiness, believers may still fall into sin. This honest admission offers comfort and hope, as it reassures readers that failure is not the end of their spiritual journey. It reflects the tension between the ideal and the real, encouraging believers to strive for holiness while relying on God's grace.

we have an advocate before the Father
The term "advocate" is translated from the Greek "παράκλητος" (paraklētos), which can mean helper, counselor, or intercessor. In a legal context, it refers to one who pleads on behalf of another. Jesus, as our advocate, stands in the heavenly court, interceding for us before the Father. This imagery provides profound assurance, as it depicts Christ's ongoing ministry of mediation and support for believers. It underscores the security and confidence we have in our relationship with God through Jesus.

Jesus Christ, the Righteous One
This title affirms both the identity and the character of Jesus. "Christ" (Χριστός, Christos) signifies the Anointed One, the Messiah who fulfills Old Testament prophecies. "The Righteous One" (δίκαιος, dikaios) highlights His sinless nature and perfect obedience to the Father. As the Righteous One, Jesus is uniquely qualified to be our advocate, for He alone meets the divine standard of holiness. This phrase encapsulates the gospel message, pointing to the sufficiency of Christ's atoning work and His role as the mediator of the new covenant.

He Himself
This phrase emphasizes the personal and active role of Jesus Christ in the work of salvation. The Greek word "autos" underscores the exclusivity and sufficiency of Christ's role. In a historical context, this assertion counters any notion that salvation could be achieved through other means or intermediaries. It is a direct affirmation of Christ's unique position as the sole mediator between God and humanity, as highlighted in 1 Timothy 2:5.

is the atoning sacrifice
The term "atoning sacrifice" is translated from the Greek word "hilasmos," which conveys the idea of propitiation or expiation. This concept is deeply rooted in the Old Testament sacrificial system, where sacrifices were made to atone for the sins of the people. In the New Testament, Christ's sacrifice is the ultimate fulfillment of these types and shadows, providing a once-for-all atonement. This highlights the continuity of God's redemptive plan from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant.

for our sins
The phrase "for our sins" indicates the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice. The Greek preposition "peri" suggests a covering or dealing with sins comprehensively. This reflects the biblical teaching that Christ bore the penalty of sin on behalf of humanity, satisfying divine justice and enabling reconciliation with God. It is a personal reminder to believers of the depth of Christ's love and the seriousness of sin.

and not only for ours
This phrase expands the scope of Christ's atoning work beyond the immediate audience of John's letter. It suggests that while the initial recipients are included, the impact of Christ's sacrifice is not limited to them. Historically, this would have been a radical inclusion, breaking down barriers between Jewish and Gentile believers and emphasizing the universal offer of salvation.

but also for the sins of the whole world
The phrase "the whole world" underscores the universal scope of Christ's atonement. The Greek word "kosmos" can refer to the entire created order or humanity in general. This statement affirms that Christ's sacrifice is sufficient for all people, transcending ethnic, cultural, and geographical boundaries. It aligns with the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20) and the call to evangelize all nations, reflecting God's desire for all to come to repentance (2 Peter 3:9).

By this
This phrase introduces a method of assurance for believers. In the Greek, "ἐν τούτῳ" (en toutō) suggests a definitive means or evidence. Historically, the early church faced challenges of false teachings, and John provides a clear criterion for genuine faith. This assurance is not based on feelings or subjective experiences but on observable actions.

we can be sure
The Greek word "γινώσκομεν" (ginōskomen) implies a deep, experiential knowledge. This is not mere intellectual assent but a confident understanding rooted in relationship. In the conservative Christian perspective, assurance of salvation is a key tenet, emphasizing that believers can have certainty in their faith through the evidence of their lives.

that we have come to know Him
"To know" in this context is from the Greek "ἐγνώκαμεν" (egnōkamen), indicating a completed action with ongoing results. This knowledge is relational, not just factual. In the biblical context, knowing God is akin to the intimate relationship described in the Old Testament between God and His people, characterized by covenant faithfulness and love.

if we keep
The word "keep" translates from the Greek "τηρῶμεν" (tērōmen), meaning to guard or observe. It implies a continuous, diligent effort. This is not a passive state but an active commitment to live according to God's will. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of obedience to the Torah, now fulfilled in Christ's commandments.

His commandments
The term "commandments" (ἐντολάς, entolas) refers to the teachings and instructions of Jesus. In the conservative Christian view, these are not burdensome laws but life-giving directives that reflect God's character and will. The commandments are rooted in love, as Jesus summarized the law in loving God and neighbor (Matthew 22:37-40). This obedience is a response to the grace received through Christ, not a means to earn salvation.

If anyone says
This phrase introduces a hypothetical scenario that is universally applicable. The Greek word for "says" is "λέγῃ" (legei), which implies a verbal profession or claim. In the context of the early church, many individuals professed faith in Christ, but John emphasizes that mere words are insufficient without corresponding actions. This sets the stage for a discussion on the authenticity of one's faith.

I know Him
The Greek word for "know" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual assent. In the Jewish context, to "know" God was to have a covenant relationship with Him, akin to the deep, personal knowledge shared between close friends or family. This phrase challenges believers to examine whether their relationship with God is genuine and transformative.

but does not keep
The word "keep" is translated from the Greek "τηρῇ" (tērei), which means to guard, observe, or maintain. It suggests a continuous, diligent effort to adhere to God's commandments. In the historical context of the early church, this was a call to live out one's faith through obedience, reflecting a life transformed by the Holy Spirit.

His commandments
The term "commandments" refers to the moral and ethical teachings of Jesus, rooted in the Old Testament law but fulfilled and expanded in the New Testament. The Greek word "ἐντολάς" (entolas) indicates directives that are not burdensome but are expressions of God's will for His people. This highlights the importance of aligning one's life with the teachings of Christ as evidence of true discipleship.

he is a liar
The Greek word for "liar" is "ψεύστης" (pseustēs), which denotes someone who is deceitful or false. In the biblical context, lying is not just about falsehood in speech but also about living a life that contradicts one's professed beliefs. This stark statement serves as a warning against hypocrisy and self-deception.

and the truth is not in him
"Truth" in Greek is "ἀλήθεια" (alētheia), representing not only factual accuracy but also sincerity and integrity. In Johannine theology, truth is closely associated with the character of God and the revelation of Jesus Christ. To say that the truth is not in someone is to assert that their life lacks the genuine presence and influence of God's truth, which should be evident in the life of a believer.

But if anyone keeps His word
The phrase "keeps His word" is central to understanding the relationship between obedience and love in the Christian faith. The Greek word for "keeps" is "τηρέω" (tēreō), which implies a vigilant, watchful guarding of something precious. This suggests that believers are called to not only follow God's commandments but to cherish and protect them as a treasure. In the historical context of the early church, this was a radical call to live counter-culturally, adhering to the teachings of Christ amidst a world that often opposed them. The "word" here refers to the teachings and commandments of Jesus, which are to be internalized and lived out in daily life.

the love of God
This phrase can be understood in two ways: God's love for us and our love for God. The Greek term "ἀγάπη" (agapē) is used here, which denotes a selfless, sacrificial love that is divine in nature. From a conservative Christian perspective, this love is both a gift from God and a response to His grace. It is through keeping His word that believers experience the fullness of God's love, which transforms and empowers them to live righteously. Historically, this love was a defining characteristic of the early Christian community, setting them apart from the surrounding pagan cultures.

has been truly perfected in him
The concept of being "perfected" comes from the Greek word "τελειόω" (teleioō), meaning to bring to completion or maturity. This does not imply sinless perfection but rather a maturity in faith and love. The process of perfection is ongoing, as believers grow in their relationship with God. The historical context of this epistle suggests that John was addressing false teachings that undermined the assurance of salvation. By emphasizing the perfection of love through obedience, John reassures believers of their genuine connection to God.

By this we know that we are in Him
The assurance of being "in Him" is a profound statement of the believer's union with Christ. The phrase "we know" is translated from the Greek "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), indicating an experiential knowledge, not just intellectual assent. This knowledge is a result of living in accordance with God's word, which provides evidence of a true relationship with Him. In the scriptural context, being "in Him" signifies a deep, abiding connection with Jesus, characterized by faith, obedience, and love. This assurance was crucial for the early Christians, who faced persecution and doctrinal challenges, as it affirmed their identity and security in Christ.

Whoever claims
This phrase introduces a universal principle applicable to all believers. The Greek word for "claims" is "λέγει" (legei), which implies a verbal profession or assertion. In the historical context of the early church, many professed faith in Christ, but John emphasizes that mere words are insufficient. The claim to abide in Christ must be substantiated by one's actions, reflecting a genuine transformation.

to abide in Him
The term "abide" comes from the Greek "μένειν" (menein), meaning to remain, dwell, or continue. This word suggests a deep, ongoing relationship with Christ, not a transient or superficial connection. In the scriptural context, abiding in Christ involves a continuous, intimate fellowship with Him, characterized by obedience and love. Historically, this concept was crucial for early Christians facing persecution, as it underscored the necessity of steadfastness in faith.

must walk
The Greek word for "walk" is "περιπατεῖν" (peripatein), which metaphorically refers to one's conduct or way of life. In the Jewish tradition, "walking" was often used to describe living according to God's commandments. Thus, John is urging believers to live in a manner consistent with their profession of faith. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that faith without works is dead (James 2:26).

as Jesus walked
This phrase sets the standard for Christian conduct. The life of Jesus, as recorded in the Gospels, serves as the ultimate example of righteousness, love, and obedience to the Father. The historical Jesus walked in humility, compassion, and truth, fulfilling the law and the prophets. For believers, walking as Jesus walked means emulating His character and actions, striving to reflect His love and holiness in every aspect of life.

Beloved
The term "beloved" (Greek: ἀγαπητοί, agapetoi) is a tender expression of affection and esteem. It reflects the deep love and pastoral care that the Apostle John has for his readers. This word is often used in the New Testament to denote the special relationship between believers, emphasizing the love that should characterize the Christian community. Historically, this term would resonate with early Christians who were often marginalized and persecuted, reminding them of their identity as cherished members of God's family.

I am not writing to you a new commandment
The phrase underscores the continuity of John's message with the teachings that the recipients have already received. The Greek word for "new" (καινός, kainos) implies something novel or unprecedented. John is emphasizing that the commandment he refers to is not a novel innovation but something foundational to the Christian faith. This reflects the early church's commitment to the teachings of Jesus, which were rooted in the Jewish tradition and fulfilled in Christ.

but an old one
The "old" commandment (Greek: παλαιός, palaios) signifies something ancient and enduring. This highlights the timeless nature of God's commandments, which have been integral to the faith from its inception. The use of "old" connects the readers to the historical continuity of God's revelation, reminding them that the essence of God's law is unchanging and eternal.

which you have had from the beginning
This phrase points to the foundational teachings that the recipients have known since their conversion. "From the beginning" (Greek: ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, ap' archēs) suggests the initial proclamation of the gospel to them. It emphasizes the importance of holding fast to the original message of Christ, which is rooted in love and obedience. Historically, this would remind the early Christians of the apostolic teachings they received, which were grounded in the life and ministry of Jesus.

This commandment is the message you have heard
The "commandment" here is synonymous with the "message" (Greek: λόγος, logos) that the believers have heard. This indicates that the commandment is not merely a set of rules but a living word that has been proclaimed to them. The use of "heard" (Greek: ἀκούω, akouo) implies an active reception and understanding of the message. In the scriptural context, this commandment is often understood as the command to love one another, which Jesus emphasized as the fulfillment of the law. This message, deeply rooted in the teachings of Christ, calls believers to live out their faith through love and obedience, reflecting the transformative power of the gospel in their lives.

Yet I am writing you
The phrase "Yet I am writing you" indicates a present and active communication from the Apostle John to his audience. The Greek verb "γράφω" (graphō) suggests a continuous action, emphasizing the ongoing relevance and immediacy of the message. John, as an elder and apostle, writes with authority and pastoral care, addressing believers directly. This reflects the personal and communal nature of the early Christian church, where letters were a primary means of teaching and encouragement.

a new commandment
The term "new commandment" refers to the commandment of love, which Jesus Himself articulated in John 13:34. The Greek word "καινός" (kainos) implies freshness or renewal, rather than something entirely novel. This commandment is new in its emphasis and depth, as it calls believers to love one another as Christ loved them. It is a transformative command that encapsulates the essence of Christian ethics and community life.

which is true in Him and also in you
The phrase "which is true in Him and also in you" highlights the authenticity and embodiment of this commandment in both Christ and His followers. The Greek word "ἀληθής" (alēthēs) means true or genuine, underscoring the real and lived experience of love in the life of Jesus and the expected manifestation in the lives of believers. This reflects the intimate union between Christ and His church, where His life and teachings are mirrored in the actions of His disciples.

because the darkness is passing
"Because the darkness is passing" speaks to the transformative power of Christ's light overcoming the darkness of sin and ignorance. The Greek word "σκοτία" (skotia) refers to moral and spiritual darkness, which is being dispelled by the presence of Christ. This phrase offers hope and assurance that the influence of evil is diminishing as the kingdom of God advances. It is a call to live in the light, reflecting the victory of Christ over darkness.

and the true light is already shining
The concluding phrase "and the true light is already shining" affirms the present reality of Christ's light in the world. The Greek "φῶς" (phōs) denotes light, symbolizing truth, purity, and divine revelation. This light is "already shining," indicating the inaugurated eschatology of the New Testament, where the kingdom of God is both present and future. Believers are called to walk in this light, embodying the truth and love of Christ in a world still grappling with darkness. This is an invitation to live out the transformative power of the gospel, as the light of Christ continues to illuminate hearts and minds.

If anyone claims
The phrase "If anyone claims" introduces a conditional statement that challenges the authenticity of one's profession of faith. The Greek word for "claims" is "λέγει" (legei), which implies a verbal assertion or declaration. In the context of early Christianity, verbal confession was significant, but John emphasizes that mere words are insufficient without corresponding actions. This sets the stage for examining the sincerity of one's faith.

to be in the light
The concept of "light" in the Bible often symbolizes truth, purity, and divine presence. The Greek word "φῶς" (phos) is used here, which is frequently associated with God's holiness and revelation. In the Johannine context, "being in the light" means living in accordance with God's truth and commandments. Historically, light was a powerful metaphor in a world where darkness was prevalent after sunset, symbolizing safety, knowledge, and life.

but hates his brother
The word "hates" comes from the Greek "μισέω" (miseo), which denotes a strong aversion or hostility. In the biblical context, "brother" refers not only to biological siblings but to fellow believers and, by extension, all of humanity. The early church faced divisions and conflicts, and John addresses the incongruity of professing love for God while harboring animosity towards others. This phrase challenges believers to examine their relationships and attitudes, emphasizing that true faith manifests in love and unity.

he is still in the darkness
"Darkness" in this context is translated from the Greek "σκοτία" (skotia), representing ignorance, sin, and separation from God. To be "in the darkness" implies a state of spiritual blindness and moral failure. Historically, darkness was feared and associated with chaos and evil. John starkly contrasts light and darkness to illustrate the incompatibility of claiming fellowship with God while living contrary to His nature. This serves as a call to self-examination and repentance, urging believers to align their lives with the light of Christ.

Whoever loves his brother
The phrase "whoever loves" is rooted in the Greek word "agapao," which signifies a selfless, sacrificial love that seeks the best for others. This love is not merely an emotion but an active choice, reflecting the love of Christ. "His brother" extends beyond biological relations to include fellow believers, emphasizing the communal nature of the Christian faith. Historically, the early church was marked by its radical love and unity, which stood in stark contrast to the surrounding culture. This love is a hallmark of true discipleship and a reflection of God's love for humanity.

remains in the light
The word "remains" comes from the Greek "meno," meaning to abide or dwell continuously. This suggests a permanent state of being, not a temporary condition. "In the light" refers to living in the truth and presence of God, as light is often symbolic of purity, holiness, and divine revelation in Scripture. In the Johannine context, light represents the moral and spiritual clarity that comes from a relationship with God. Historically, light has been a powerful symbol in both Jewish and early Christian thought, representing God's guidance and truth.

and there is no cause of stumbling in him
The phrase "no cause of stumbling" is derived from the Greek "skandalon," which refers to a trap or snare. In a spiritual sense, it means that there is nothing in the person's life that would lead themselves or others into sin. This is a call to live a life of integrity and holiness, free from hypocrisy or actions that could cause others to falter in their faith. The historical context of the early church, which faced persecution and internal divisions, underscores the importance of living a life that is above reproach, serving as a witness to the transformative power of the Gospel.

But whoever hates his brother
The phrase "whoever hates his brother" is a direct call to examine the condition of one's heart. The Greek word for "hates" is "μισέω" (miseo), which implies a deep-seated animosity or aversion. In the context of the early Christian community, "brother" refers not only to biological siblings but to fellow believers. This phrase challenges the reader to reflect on the nature of Christian love, which is central to the teachings of Jesus. Hatred is antithetical to the love that Christ commands, and it disrupts the unity and fellowship within the body of Christ.

is in the darkness
The term "darkness" (Greek: "σκότος," skotos) is often used metaphorically in Scripture to represent sin, ignorance, and separation from God. To be "in the darkness" suggests a state of spiritual blindness and moral confusion. This imagery is powerful, as it contrasts with the light of Christ, which symbolizes truth, purity, and divine revelation. The darkness here is not just an absence of light but an active state of being that affects one's spiritual perception and moral decisions.

and walks in the darkness
"Walks" (Greek: "περιπατέω," peripateo) implies a continuous action or lifestyle. It suggests that hatred is not just a momentary lapse but a persistent way of living that characterizes one's entire being. Walking in darkness indicates a life led without the guidance of God's truth, resulting in a path that leads away from righteousness. This phrase serves as a warning that such a lifestyle is incompatible with the Christian faith and the transformative power of the Holy Spirit.

he does not know where he is going
This phrase highlights the confusion and lack of direction that comes from living in darkness. The Greek word for "know" is "οἶδα" (oida), which implies an understanding or awareness. Without the light of Christ, one cannot discern the path of righteousness or the ultimate destination of eternal life. This lack of spiritual insight leads to a life of uncertainty and potential destruction, emphasizing the necessity of living in the light of God's truth.

because the darkness has blinded his eyes
The imagery of blindness (Greek: "τυφλόω," typhloo) is a powerful metaphor for spiritual ignorance and deception. Just as physical blindness prevents one from seeing the physical world, spiritual blindness hinders one's ability to perceive spiritual realities. The darkness, representing sin and separation from God, obscures the truth and prevents individuals from recognizing their need for repentance and salvation. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of harboring hatred and living apart from the light of Christ.

I am writing to you
This phrase indicates the personal and direct nature of the Apostle John's communication. The Greek verb "γράφω" (graphō) suggests an ongoing action, emphasizing the continuous relevance of the message. John, as a spiritual father, is addressing his audience with pastoral care and authority, ensuring that the truths he imparts are both timeless and applicable to the believers' lives.

little children
The term "τεκνία" (teknia) is an affectionate term used by John to address the believers. It reflects a deep, familial bond and conveys a sense of endearment and spiritual kinship. Historically, this term underscores the early Christian community's understanding of themselves as a family united in Christ, with John as a guiding elder. It also highlights the innocence and dependency of believers on God's grace.

because your sins have been forgiven
The phrase "ἀφέωνται ὑμῖν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι" (apheōntai hymin hai hamartiai) speaks to the completed action of forgiveness. The perfect tense in Greek indicates that this forgiveness is a past action with ongoing effects. This assurance of forgiveness is central to the Christian faith, rooted in the sacrificial work of Christ. Historically, this reflects the early church's emphasis on the transformative power of Christ's atonement, which was a radical departure from the works-based righteousness prevalent in the religious systems of the time.

through His name
The phrase "διὰ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ" (dia to onoma autou) signifies the authority and power inherent in the name of Jesus. In biblical times, a name was more than a label; it represented the essence and authority of a person. The use of "His name" underscores the belief that salvation and forgiveness are possible only through Jesus Christ. This reflects the early church's unwavering commitment to the exclusivity of Christ as the mediator between God and humanity, a cornerstone of conservative Christian doctrine.

I am writing to you
This phrase indicates the apostle John's direct and personal communication with his audience. The Greek verb "grapho" (γράφω) is used here, emphasizing the act of writing as a means of preserving and conveying truth. In the historical context, writing was a primary method for ensuring the teachings of the apostles were accurately transmitted to the early church. This phrase underscores the importance of written Scripture as a foundation for Christian doctrine and life.

fathers
The term "fathers" (Greek: πατέρες, pateres) is used here to denote those who are mature in the faith, likely referring to older, spiritually mature men within the community. This reflects a respect for the wisdom and experience that comes with age and spiritual maturity. In a broader scriptural context, "fathers" can also symbolize those who have a deep, abiding relationship with God, akin to the patriarchs of the Old Testament.

because you know Him who is from the beginning
This phrase highlights the intimate and experiential knowledge ("ginosko" in Greek) that these "fathers" have of God. "Him who is from the beginning" refers to Jesus Christ, emphasizing His eternal nature and pre-existence, as seen in John 1:1. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but relational, rooted in a deep, personal connection with Christ, who is the Alpha and Omega.

young men
The term "young men" (Greek: νεανίσκοι, neaniskoi) refers to those who are in the prime of their spiritual vigor and strength. Historically, this group would have been seen as the defenders and active workers within the church, full of zeal and energy. This demographic is crucial for the growth and dynamism of the Christian community, representing the future of the church.

because you have overcome the evil one
The phrase "you have overcome" (Greek: νενικήκατε, nenikēkate) is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing results. This victory over "the evil one" (Satan) is achieved through faith in Christ, as seen in 1 John 5:4-5. The historical context of early Christianity involved significant spiritual warfare, and this assurance of victory would have been a powerful encouragement to believers facing persecution and temptation. This overcoming is not by human strength but through the power of Christ, who has already defeated the forces of darkness.

I have written to you, fathers
The term "fathers" here is a respectful address to those who are mature in their faith. In the Greek, "πατέρες" (pateres) signifies not just biological fathers but also spiritual leaders and elders. This reflects a deep respect for those who have walked with God for a long time, having accumulated wisdom and experience. Historically, the early church placed great value on the teachings and guidance of its elders, recognizing their role in preserving the faith and passing it on to the next generation.

because you know Him who is from the beginning
The phrase "from the beginning" (Greek: "ἀπ' ἀρχῆς," ap' archēs) emphasizes the eternal nature of Christ, echoing the opening of John's Gospel. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but relational, indicating a deep, personal relationship with Jesus Christ, who is eternal. The fathers are commended for their intimate understanding of Christ's divine nature and His eternal existence, which is foundational to the Christian faith.

I have written to you, young men
"Young men" (Greek: "νεανίσκοι," neaniskoi) refers to those who are vigorous and active in their faith journey. This group is characterized by their zeal and energy, often associated with the strength and courage needed to face spiritual battles. In the early church, young believers were seen as vital to the growth and dynamism of the Christian community, bringing fresh enthusiasm and a willingness to engage in the mission of the church.

because you are strong
The strength mentioned here is not merely physical but spiritual. The Greek word "ἰσχυροί" (ischyroi) implies a robust and resilient faith. This strength is derived from their relationship with God and their commitment to His word. In a historical context, the early Christians faced persecution and trials, requiring a steadfast and courageous faith to endure and remain faithful to the teachings of Christ.

and the word of God abides in you
The "word of God" (Greek: "λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ," logos tou Theou) is central to the believer's life, providing guidance, wisdom, and strength. The term "abides" (Greek: "μένει," menei) suggests a continuous, living presence within the believer. This abiding word empowers and sustains the young men, enabling them to live out their faith effectively. The early church emphasized the importance of scripture memorization and meditation, ensuring that God's word was deeply rooted in the hearts of believers.

and you have overcome the evil one
The phrase "overcome the evil one" (Greek: "νενικήκατε τὸν πονηρόν," nenikēkate ton ponēron) speaks to the victory believers have through Christ over Satan and his schemes. This victory is not achieved by human effort but through the power of Christ's death and resurrection. Historically, the early Christians understood spiritual warfare as a reality of their faith journey, relying on the strength and authority of Christ to resist temptation and stand firm against the adversary.

Do not love
The Greek word for "love" here is "agapaō," which refers to a deep, abiding, and selfless love. In this context, it is a command against forming a deep attachment or devotion to the world. This is not a mere suggestion but an imperative, urging believers to guard their hearts against misplaced affections. The use of "agapaō" indicates that the love being warned against is not superficial but one that competes with the love that should be reserved for God alone.

the world
The term "world" is translated from the Greek "kosmos," which can refer to the physical universe, humanity, or, as in this context, the fallen, sinful system opposed to God. Historically, the early church faced the challenge of living in a society that often contradicted Christian values. The "world" represents ideologies, values, and practices that are contrary to God's will. This is a call to discernment, urging believers to recognize and resist the allure of worldly systems that draw them away from God.

or anything in the world
This phrase expands the warning to include not just the overarching system but also the individual elements within it. The Greek word "en" (in) suggests an intimate association or involvement. Believers are cautioned against becoming entangled with specific aspects of the world that can lead to spiritual compromise. This could include material possessions, status, or any other worldly pursuit that can become an idol, taking precedence over one's relationship with God.

If anyone loves the world
This conditional statement introduces a hypothetical scenario that serves as a warning. The Greek "ei tis" (if anyone) implies that this is a real possibility for any believer. It serves as a sobering reminder that love for the world is incompatible with a genuine love for God. Historically, this reflects the early Christian struggle to maintain faithfulness amidst a pagan culture, a struggle that remains relevant today.

the love of the Father
The phrase "the love of the Father" can be understood in two ways: God's love for us or our love for God. In this context, it likely refers to the latter, emphasizing that a true love for God cannot coexist with a love for the world. The Greek "agapē" (love) here is the same root as "agapaō," underscoring the depth and purity of the love that should characterize a believer's relationship with God.

is not in him
This concluding phrase delivers a stark warning. The absence of the Father's love in someone who loves the world indicates a spiritual deficiency. The Greek "estin" (is) denotes a state of being, suggesting that the presence of worldly love effectively displaces divine love. This serves as a call to self-examination, urging believers to assess where their true affections lie and to realign their hearts with God's will.

For all that is in the world
This phrase sets the stage for understanding the comprehensive nature of worldly temptations. The Greek word for "world" here is "kosmos," which often refers to the fallen, human-centered system that stands in opposition to God. Historically, the early Christian community faced a world steeped in paganism and moral decay, much like today. This phrase reminds believers that the allure of the world is pervasive and all-encompassing, challenging them to remain vigilant and separate from its influence.

the desires of the flesh
The Greek term "sarx" for "flesh" refers not merely to the physical body but to the sinful nature inherent in humanity. This phrase encapsulates the cravings and appetites that lead individuals away from God's will. In a historical context, the early church was surrounded by cultures that indulged in hedonism and sensuality. This warning is timeless, urging Christians to resist the temptation to satisfy bodily desires in ways that contravene God's commandments.

the desires of the eyes
This phrase highlights the covetousness and materialism that can ensnare believers. The Greek word "ophthalmos" for "eyes" suggests more than just physical sight; it implies perception and the longing for what is seen. In biblical times, as now, the eyes were considered a gateway to the soul, capable of leading one into sin through envy and lust. This serves as a caution against allowing visual temptations to divert one's focus from spiritual truths.

and the pride of life
"Pride" here is translated from the Greek "alazoneia," which denotes arrogance and self-sufficiency. "Life" is from "bios," referring to one's livelihood or manner of living. This phrase warns against the hubris that comes from worldly success and possessions. Historically, this pride was evident in the social hierarchies and power structures of the ancient world. For Christians, it is a call to humility, recognizing that true worth and identity come from God, not worldly status.

is not from the Father
This phrase draws a clear distinction between the origins of worldly temptations and divine nature. The Greek "ouk estin ek tou Patros" emphasizes that these desires are alien to God's character. It serves as a reminder that God, as the Father, is the source of all that is good, pure, and holy. Believers are encouraged to seek what is from the Father, aligning their lives with His will and purpose.

but from the world
The contrast here is stark, underscoring the source of these temptations. The Greek "ek tou kosmou" indicates that these desires are rooted in the secular, fallen order. Historically, the early Christians were called to be in the world but not of it, a principle that remains relevant. This phrase challenges believers to discern the influences in their lives, rejecting those that stem from the world and embracing those that reflect God's kingdom.

The world is passing away
The phrase "the world" in this context refers to the present age and its systems, values, and desires that are opposed to God. The Greek word used here is "kosmos," which often denotes the secular world order. Historically, this reflects the transient nature of earthly kingdoms and societies, which rise and fall over time. Archaeological evidence from ancient civilizations, such as Babylon and Rome, underscores the impermanence of human achievements. From a scriptural perspective, this echoes the teachings of Jesus in Matthew 24:35, where He states, "Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will never pass away." The message is clear: the physical world and its allurements are temporary and fleeting.

along with its desires
The term "desires" translates from the Greek word "epithymia," which refers to lusts or cravings that are often contrary to God's will. These desires can be for material possessions, power, or sensual pleasures. Historically, the early church faced numerous challenges from the surrounding pagan culture, which was steeped in hedonism and idolatry. This phrase serves as a warning against succumbing to such temptations, reminding believers that these desires are not only temporary but also detrimental to spiritual growth. The Apostle Paul similarly warns in Galatians 5:16-17 about the conflict between the desires of the flesh and the Spirit.

but whoever does the will of God
This phrase emphasizes the contrast between worldly desires and divine obedience. "The will of God" is a central theme throughout the New Testament, encapsulating God's desires for humanity, including living a life of holiness, love, and service. The Greek word for "will" is "thelēma," which implies a deliberate choice or intention. Historically, the early Christians were often persecuted for choosing to follow God's will over societal norms. This choice is a testament to their faith and commitment. Scripturally, Jesus models this in the Garden of Gethsemane, praying, "Not My will, but Yours be done" (Luke 22:42).

remains forever
The promise of eternal life is encapsulated in this phrase. The Greek word "menei," translated as "remains," conveys a sense of permanence and stability. This assurance of eternal life is a cornerstone of Christian hope, contrasting sharply with the temporary nature of the world. Historically, this promise provided immense comfort to early Christians facing persecution and martyrdom, as they believed in a future beyond their present sufferings. Scripturally, this echoes Jesus' promise in John 14:2-3, where He assures His followers of a place in His Father's house. The eternal nature of doing God's will is a profound encouragement for believers to remain steadfast in their faith.

Children
The term "children" (Greek: τεκνία, teknia) is a term of endearment used by the Apostle John to address the believers. It reflects a pastoral and affectionate relationship, indicating John's role as a spiritual father. This word emphasizes the intimate and nurturing relationship between John and his audience, suggesting a community bound by love and shared faith. In a broader sense, it reminds believers of their identity as children of God, highlighting the familial nature of the Christian community.

it is the last hour
The phrase "it is the last hour" (Greek: ἐσχάτη ὥρα, eschate hora) signifies a period of eschatological significance. In the New Testament, the "last hour" refers to the time between Christ's first and second coming. This phrase underscores the urgency and immediacy of the times in which the early Christians lived. Historically, this reflects the early church's expectation of Christ's imminent return, a belief that should inspire believers today to live with a sense of readiness and purpose.

just as you have heard
This phrase indicates that the teaching about the antichrist was already known to John's audience. It suggests a continuity of apostolic teaching and tradition. The early Christians were well aware of the prophecies concerning false teachers and deceivers, which were part of the oral and written teachings passed down from the apostles. This serves as a reminder of the importance of sound doctrine and the need to be grounded in the truth of Scripture.

the antichrist is coming
The term "antichrist" (Greek: ἀντίχριστος, antichristos) refers to a figure or figures who oppose Christ and His teachings. The concept of the antichrist is rooted in Jewish apocalyptic literature and is further developed in the New Testament. Historically, this reflects the early church's awareness of spiritual opposition and the presence of false teachers. The mention of the antichrist serves as a warning to remain vigilant and discerning in the face of deception.

so now many antichrists have appeared
This phrase highlights the reality that many individuals embody the spirit of the antichrist by opposing Christ and spreading false teachings. The plural "antichrists" indicates that the threat is not limited to a single individual but is a pervasive issue within the church. This reflects the historical context of the early church, which faced numerous heresies and false teachings. It serves as a call to discernment and faithfulness to the truth of the Gospel.

This is how we know it is the last hour
The presence of many antichrists is presented as evidence that "it is the last hour." This phrase underscores the connection between spiritual deception and the eschatological timeline. The early church understood the proliferation of false teachings as a sign of the times, reinforcing the urgency of their mission and the need for steadfastness in faith. For contemporary believers, it serves as a reminder to remain vigilant and committed to the truth in anticipation of Christ's return.

They went out from us
This phrase indicates a physical and spiritual departure. The Greek word "exēlthon" (ἐξῆλθον) suggests a deliberate action of leaving. Historically, this reflects the early church's struggles with false teachers and those who were not truly committed to the apostolic doctrine. The departure signifies a separation from the true fellowship of believers, emphasizing the importance of unity in the body of Christ.

but they did not belong to us
The Greek word "ēsan" (ἦσαν) implies a state of being or existence. This phrase highlights the distinction between mere association and genuine belonging. In a spiritual context, it underscores the reality that not all who associate with the church are truly part of the spiritual family. This serves as a warning to discern true faith from superficial adherence.

For if they had belonged to us
Here, the conditional "if" (Greek "ei" - εἰ) introduces a hypothetical scenario. The phrase suggests that true belonging is evidenced by perseverance. Historically, this reflects the early church's understanding that genuine faith is enduring. It challenges believers to examine the authenticity of their faith and commitment to Christ.

they would have remained with us
The Greek word "emeinan" (ἔμειναν) means to stay or abide. This phrase emphasizes the concept of perseverance as a hallmark of true faith. In the scriptural context, abiding is a recurring theme, especially in Johannine literature, where it signifies a deep, ongoing relationship with Christ and His teachings.

But their departure made it clear
The phrase "made it clear" (Greek "phanerōthē" - ἐφανερώθη) means to reveal or make manifest. This indicates that the departure of these individuals served a purpose in revealing their true nature. It aligns with the biblical principle that trials and challenges often reveal the authenticity of one's faith.

that none of them belonged to us
The final phrase reiterates the distinction between true and false believers. The Greek "ek tōn hēmōn" (ἐκ τῶν ἡμῶν) emphasizes origin or source, indicating that these individuals were never truly part of the spiritual community. This serves as a sobering reminder of the need for discernment within the church and the importance of a genuine relationship with Christ.

You, however
This phrase serves as a direct address to the recipients of the letter, distinguishing them from those who have been led astray by false teachings. The Greek word for "you" here is "ὑμεῖς" (hymeis), emphasizing the personal and collective identity of the believers. It underscores the intimate relationship between the apostle John and his audience, reminding them of their distinct position as followers of Christ amidst a world of deception.

have an anointing
The term "anointing" comes from the Greek word "χρίσμα" (chrisma), which is related to "Christos," meaning "the Anointed One." This anointing signifies the presence and work of the Holy Spirit in the life of a believer. In the Old Testament, anointing was a physical act that set individuals apart for a specific purpose, such as kings or priests. Here, it symbolizes the spiritual empowerment and sanctification that believers receive, marking them as God's chosen people and equipping them to discern truth from falsehood.

from the Holy One
The "Holy One" refers to Jesus Christ, who is often identified in Scripture as the source of holiness and truth. The Greek term "ἅγιος" (hagios) denotes something sacred or set apart. This phrase highlights the divine origin of the anointing, affirming that it is not a human invention but a gift from Christ Himself. It reassures believers of their secure position in Him, as they are sanctified and guided by His Spirit.

and all of you know the truth
The phrase "know the truth" is rooted in the Greek word "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies a deep, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual assent. This knowledge is not just factual but relational, stemming from a personal relationship with Jesus, who is "the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6). The assurance that "all of you" possess this knowledge emphasizes the communal aspect of the faith, where every believer, regardless of status or maturity, has access to the truth through the Holy Spirit. This truth acts as a safeguard against the lies and deceptions of the world, anchoring the believer in the reality of God's revelation.

I have not written to you
This phrase indicates the apostle John's intention and purpose in writing. The Greek verb "grapho" (γράφω) is used here, emphasizing the act of writing as a deliberate and thoughtful communication. John, as an elder and apostle, is addressing his audience with authority and pastoral care. Historically, this letter is believed to have been written to the early Christian communities in Asia Minor, who were facing challenges from false teachings. John's writing serves as a reminder and reinforcement of the truths they have already been taught.

because you do not know the truth
John clarifies that his purpose is not to introduce new information. The Greek word for "know" is "oida" (οἶδα), which implies a deep, intuitive knowledge. The "truth" (Greek: "aletheia" - ἀλήθεια) here refers to the core doctrines of the Christian faith, particularly the truth about Jesus Christ as the Son of God. This truth is foundational and non-negotiable, contrasting with the deceptive teachings that were circulating at the time.

but because you do know it
John affirms the believers' understanding and acceptance of the truth. The repetition of "oida" underscores their established knowledge and the confidence John has in their spiritual discernment. This is a pastoral encouragement, reminding them of their identity as those who have been enlightened by the Holy Spirit. Historically, this assurance would have been crucial for early Christians who were often isolated and under pressure from both Jewish and pagan influences.

and because no lie comes from the truth
This phrase presents a clear dichotomy between truth and falsehood. The Greek word for "lie" is "pseudos" (ψεῦδος), which denotes falsehood or deception. John emphasizes the incompatibility of truth and lies, reinforcing the idea that genuine Christian doctrine cannot coexist with false teachings. This statement serves as a warning against the Gnostic heresies of the time, which distorted the nature of Christ and salvation. Theologically, this underscores the purity and consistency of God's truth, which is unchanging and reliable.

Who is the liar
The term "liar" in this context is translated from the Greek word "ψεύστης" (pseustēs), which refers to someone who is deceitful or false. In the biblical narrative, lying is not merely about falsehood but is deeply connected to the moral and spiritual state of a person. The Bible consistently portrays lying as contrary to God's nature, who is the embodiment of truth (John 14:6). Here, the apostle John is emphasizing the gravity of denying Christ, equating it with the ultimate form of deceit.

if it is not the one who denies
The word "denies" comes from the Greek "ἀρνέομαι" (arneomai), meaning to reject or disown. In the early church, confessing Jesus as the Christ was central to the faith. Denial, therefore, was not just a personal rejection but a public renunciation of the core truth of Christianity. Historically, this was a significant issue as false teachers and heretical movements began to emerge, challenging the apostolic teachings.

that Jesus is the Christ
"Jesus is the Christ" is a foundational confession of Christian faith. "Christ" is derived from the Greek "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This title affirms Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the coming Savior. Denying this truth was tantamount to rejecting God's redemptive plan, as Jesus' messianic role is central to the salvation narrative.

This is the antichrist
The term "antichrist" is from the Greek "ἀντίχριστος" (antichristos), meaning "against Christ" or "in place of Christ." In John's epistles, the antichrist is not just a future eschatological figure but represents any spirit or person opposing Christ's truth. This concept serves as a warning to believers to remain vigilant against teachings and ideologies that undermine the gospel.

who denies the Father and the Son
The denial of "the Father and the Son" underscores the inseparable relationship between God the Father and Jesus Christ. In the Johannine context, to deny the Son is to deny the Father, as Jesus is the revelation of God (John 1:18). This phrase highlights the Trinitarian belief that knowing and accepting Jesus is integral to knowing God. Historically, this was a direct counter to early heresies that sought to separate Jesus' divine nature from His humanity or to deny His unique sonship.

Whoever denies the Son
The phrase "denies the Son" is crucial in understanding the theological stance of the Apostle John. The Greek word for "denies" is "arneomai," which implies a strong rejection or refusal. In the historical context of early Christianity, this denial was not merely a verbal rejection but a profound theological stance against the divinity and messianic role of Jesus Christ. The early church faced numerous heresies, such as Gnosticism, which denied the true nature of Christ. This phrase serves as a warning against such false teachings, emphasizing the necessity of acknowledging Jesus as the Son of God.

does not have the Father
The relationship between the Father and the Son is central to Christian doctrine. The phrase "does not have the Father" indicates a lack of fellowship or relationship with God. In the Jewish context, claiming to know God while rejecting His Son would be seen as contradictory. The Greek word "echo" for "have" suggests possession or intimate relationship. Thus, John underscores that a true relationship with God the Father is inseparable from acknowledging Jesus Christ as His Son.

whoever confesses the Son
The term "confesses" comes from the Greek "homologeo," meaning to agree or acknowledge openly. This confession is not a mere verbal acknowledgment but a heartfelt declaration of faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. Historically, this confession was a bold statement, especially in a hostile environment where Christians faced persecution. It signifies a public and unwavering commitment to the truth of the Gospel.

has the Father as well
This phrase completes the theological assertion that accepting the Son grants one access to the Father. The word "has" again uses the Greek "echo," indicating a deep, abiding relationship. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus Himself stated in John 14:6 that no one comes to the Father except through Him. This reinforces the exclusivity of Christ as the mediator between God and humanity. The assurance of having the Father "as well" provides comfort and certainty to believers, affirming their place in the family of God through their faith in Jesus Christ.

As for you
This phrase serves as a direct address to the readers, emphasizing personal responsibility and individual action. In the Greek, the word "you" (ὑμεῖς) is plural, indicating that John is speaking to the community of believers. This communal aspect is crucial in understanding the early Christian context, where faith was lived out in community, and mutual encouragement was vital.

let what you have heard
The phrase refers to the apostolic teaching and the gospel message that the readers received. The Greek word for "heard" (ἀκούω) implies not just auditory reception but an understanding and acceptance of the message. This highlights the importance of the original gospel message, which is unchanging and foundational to the Christian faith.

from the beginning
This phrase underscores the timeless and unchanging nature of the gospel. The Greek word "ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς" (from the beginning) suggests a return to the foundational truths of Christianity. Historically, this reflects the early church's emphasis on apostolic teaching as the true doctrine, countering false teachings that were emerging.

remain in you
The word "remain" (μένω) is a key term in Johannine literature, signifying a deep, abiding relationship. It implies a continuous, active engagement with the truth of the gospel. This concept of remaining is not passive but involves a deliberate choice to hold fast to the teachings of Christ amidst challenges and false doctrines.

If it does
This conditional phrase introduces the idea of personal responsibility and the potential for spiritual growth. The Greek construction here suggests a real possibility, encouraging believers to actively ensure that the gospel remains central in their lives. It is a call to vigilance and perseverance in faith.

you will also remain
Here, the promise of remaining is contingent upon the prior condition. The repetition of "remain" (μένω) emphasizes the reciprocal nature of the relationship between the believer and God. It assures believers that their faithfulness to the gospel results in a secure and enduring relationship with God.

in the Son and in the Father
This phrase encapsulates the essence of Christian fellowship and unity with God. The preposition "in" (ἐν) denotes an intimate, personal relationship. The mention of both the Son and the Father highlights the Trinitarian nature of God and the believer's participation in this divine relationship. Historically, this was a crucial affirmation against early heresies that denied the divinity of Christ or the unity of the Godhead.

And this is the promise
The word "promise" in the Greek is "ἐπαγγελία" (epangelia), which signifies a pledge or a divine assurance of good. In the context of the New Testament, it often refers to God's promises, which are unfailing and rooted in His unchanging nature. Historically, the concept of a promise from God is foundational in the Judeo-Christian tradition, beginning with the covenants made with figures like Abraham and Moses. This promise is not just a casual statement but a solemn commitment from God, underscoring His faithfulness and the certainty of His word.

that He Himself made to us
The emphasis on "He Himself" highlights the personal nature of God's promise. It is not delivered through intermediaries but directly from God, emphasizing His direct involvement and personal commitment to His people. This reflects the intimate relationship God desires with humanity, as seen throughout Scripture. The phrase "made to us" indicates that this promise is not just for the original recipients of John's letter but extends to all believers, encompassing the universal church. It is a reminder of the personal and communal aspects of God's covenant with His people.

eternal life
"Eternal life" in Greek is "ζωὴ αἰώνιος" (zoe aionios), which refers to life that is not only unending but also of a different quality—divine and full. In the biblical context, eternal life is not merely about duration but about a relationship with God, characterized by knowing Him and Jesus Christ, as stated in John 17:3. This life begins now for believers and continues beyond physical death. Archaeologically, the concept of eternal life was revolutionary in the Greco-Roman world, where the afterlife was often viewed with uncertainty. Scripturally, eternal life is the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan, a restoration to the life intended for humanity before the fall, and a central theme in the teachings of Jesus and the apostles. It is the ultimate hope and assurance for Christians, rooted in the resurrection of Christ and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit.

I have written these things
The Apostle John emphasizes the importance of his written message, underscoring the authority and permanence of the Scriptures. The Greek verb "grapho" (γράφω) is used here, indicating a deliberate and thoughtful act of writing. This reflects the apostolic authority and the inspired nature of the text, serving as a guide for the early church and for believers today. The written word is a testament to the enduring truth of the Gospel, providing a foundation for faith and practice.

to you
John's audience is personal and specific, addressing the believers who are part of the early Christian community. The Greek pronoun "humin" (ὑμῖν) signifies a direct and intimate communication. This personal address highlights the pastoral care and concern John has for his readers, reminding them of their identity as children of God and members of the body of Christ. It serves as a reminder that the teachings of Scripture are not abstract but are meant for personal application and transformation.

about those who are trying to deceive you
The phrase warns of the presence of false teachers and deceivers within the community. The Greek word "planao" (πλανάω) means to lead astray or cause to wander, indicating the intentional and misleading nature of these individuals. Historically, the early church faced numerous heresies and false teachings, such as Gnosticism, which sought to distort the truth of the Gospel. John's warning is a call to vigilance and discernment, urging believers to remain steadfast in the truth and to test all teachings against the Word of God. This serves as a timeless reminder of the spiritual warfare that believers face and the need to be grounded in sound doctrine.

And as for you
This phrase personalizes the message, directly addressing the recipients of the letter. In the context of 1 John, the apostle is speaking to believers who are part of the early Christian community. The Greek word for "you" here is "ὑμεῖς" (hymeis), emphasizing the individual responsibility and privilege of each believer to receive and act upon the truth.

the anointing
The term "anointing" comes from the Greek word "χρίσμα" (chrisma), which is related to "Christos," meaning "the Anointed One." This anointing refers to the Holy Spirit, who is given to believers. In the Old Testament, anointing with oil was a symbolic act of consecration for priests, prophets, and kings. Here, it signifies the believer's consecration and empowerment by the Holy Spirit.

you received from Him
The phrase underscores the divine origin of the anointing. It is not something earned or achieved by human effort but is a gift from God. The Greek verb "ἐλάβετε" (elabete) indicates a past action with ongoing effects, highlighting the enduring presence of the Holy Spirit in the believer's life.

remains in you
The Greek word "μένει" (menei) means "to abide" or "to dwell." This suggests a continuous, unbroken presence of the Holy Spirit within the believer. It echoes Jesus' teaching in John 15 about abiding in Him, emphasizing a relationship that is both intimate and enduring.

and you do not need anyone to teach you
This statement does not dismiss the role of teachers within the church but highlights the sufficiency of the Holy Spirit in guiding believers into all truth. The Greek word "διδάσκῃ" (didaskē) implies formal instruction. The Holy Spirit, as the ultimate teacher, ensures that believers can discern truth from error.

But just as His true and genuine anointing teaches you about all things
The phrase "true and genuine" underscores the authenticity and reliability of the Holy Spirit's guidance. The Greek word "ἀληθής" (alēthēs) means "true" or "real," affirming that the Spirit's teaching is trustworthy. The scope of "all things" suggests that the Spirit's guidance is comprehensive, covering all aspects of spiritual life and truth.

so remain in Him
The call to "remain" (Greek "μένετε," menete) is an exhortation to continue in a close, personal relationship with Christ. It is a call to perseverance and faithfulness, echoing the earlier emphasis on abiding. This relationship is the foundation for spiritual growth and discernment.

as you have been taught
This phrase acknowledges the foundational teachings that the believers have already received. The Greek word "ἐδιδάχθητε" (edidachthēte) is in the passive voice, indicating that the teaching was received from an external source, likely the apostles or early church leaders. It emphasizes the continuity of apostolic teaching and the importance of adhering to the truth that has been passed down.

And now
This phrase serves as a transitional marker, indicating a shift in focus or an urgent call to action. The Apostle John uses "and now" to draw immediate attention to the importance of the message that follows. It suggests a sense of urgency and relevance, emphasizing that the instructions are not just for the future but are applicable in the present moment. Historically, this reflects the early Christian community's anticipation of Christ's return, urging believers to live in a state of readiness.

little children
The Greek term "teknia" is used here, which is a term of endearment and spiritual affection. John, as a spiritual father, addresses his readers with warmth and care, emphasizing their relationship as members of God's family. This phrase underscores the intimate and nurturing relationship between the apostle and the believers, reminding them of their identity as beloved children of God. It also reflects the early church's understanding of community and discipleship, where leaders took on a parental role in guiding new believers.

remain in Him
The Greek word "meno" is translated as "remain" or "abide," and it conveys a sense of continuous, enduring relationship. To "remain in Him" means to maintain a close, personal connection with Christ, characterized by faith, obedience, and love. This concept is central to Johannine theology, emphasizing the importance of an ongoing, dynamic relationship with Jesus. Historically, this call to remain in Christ would have been crucial for early Christians facing persecution and false teachings, as it encouraged them to hold fast to their faith.

so that when He appears
The phrase "when He appears" refers to the anticipated second coming of Christ. The Greek word "phaneroo" means "to make manifest" or "to reveal." This eschatological expectation was a core belief in the early church, providing hope and motivation for holy living. The certainty of Christ's return is a foundational aspect of Christian doctrine, encouraging believers to live in a way that reflects their hope and readiness for His appearance.

we may be confident
The Greek word "parrhesia" is translated as "confident," and it denotes boldness and assurance. This confidence is not based on human merit but on the believer's relationship with Christ. It reflects the assurance that comes from living in accordance with God's will and being in right standing with Him. Historically, this confidence would have been a source of strength for early Christians, empowering them to face trials and persecution with courage.

and unashamed
The term "unashamed" implies a state of being free from guilt or disgrace. In the context of Christ's return, it suggests that believers who remain in Him will not experience shame or regret at His coming. This reflects the transformative power of a life lived in Christ, where believers are cleansed from sin and can stand before God with a clear conscience. The early church would have understood this as an encouragement to pursue holiness and integrity in their daily lives.

before Him at His coming
The phrase "at His coming" refers to the Parousia, the second coming of Christ. The Greek word "parousia" means "presence" or "arrival," and it signifies the moment when Christ will return to judge the living and the dead. This expectation was a central hope for the early Christians, motivating them to live in a way that honors God and prepares them for His return. The phrase "before Him" emphasizes the personal encounter each believer will have with Christ, highlighting the importance of being spiritually prepared for that moment.

If you know
The Greek word for "know" here is "οἴδατε" (oidate), which implies a deep, intuitive understanding or awareness. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but experiential, suggesting a relationship with God that goes beyond surface-level acquaintance. In the context of 1 John, this knowledge is rooted in the believer's personal experience with Christ and the transformative work of the Holy Spirit. It is a call to believers to reflect on their intimate relationship with God, which assures them of His righteous nature.

that He is righteous
The term "righteous" in Greek is "δίκαιος" (dikaios), which denotes someone who is just, virtuous, and in right standing. This righteousness is intrinsic to God's character, reflecting His holiness and justice. Historically, the righteousness of God is a central theme throughout Scripture, from the Old Testament's portrayal of God's covenant faithfulness to the New Testament's revelation of His righteousness through Christ. Believers are reminded that God's righteousness is the standard and source of all true righteousness.

you also know
This phrase reiterates the certainty and assurance that comes from knowing God. The repetition emphasizes the confidence believers can have in their understanding of spiritual truths. It suggests that the knowledge of God's righteousness naturally leads to further insights about the nature of those who are truly His. This assurance is a hallmark of the Christian faith, providing believers with a firm foundation for their identity in Christ.

that everyone who practices righteousness
The word "practices" comes from the Greek "ποιῶν" (poiōn), meaning to make, do, or perform. It implies ongoing action and habitual behavior. Righteousness, therefore, is not a one-time act but a continuous lifestyle. This phrase challenges believers to examine their lives for evidence of righteous living, which is the fruit of a genuine relationship with God. Historically, the early church emphasized the importance of living out one's faith through righteous deeds, reflecting the transformative power of the Gospel.

has been born of Him
The concept of being "born of Him" is rooted in the Greek "γεγέννηται" (gegennētai), which means to be begotten or born. This phrase speaks to the spiritual rebirth that occurs when one becomes a child of God through faith in Jesus Christ. It echoes the teachings of Jesus in John 3 about being "born again" and signifies a new identity and nature imparted to believers. This new birth is a work of the Holy Spirit, marking the believer as part of God's family and empowering them to live righteously. Historically, this concept was revolutionary, emphasizing the personal and transformative relationship each believer has with God, distinct from mere religious observance.