Then Jesus called
The phrase "Then Jesus called" signifies a pivotal moment in the ministry of Jesus. The Greek word for "called" is "proskaleomai," which implies a summoning or an invitation with purpose. This calling is not merely a casual gathering but a deliberate act by Jesus to prepare His disciples for a significant mission. Historically, this reflects the rabbinic tradition where a teacher would call and instruct his disciples, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and preparation in spiritual leadership.

the Twelve together
"The Twelve" refers to the twelve apostles, a group specifically chosen by Jesus to be His closest followers and to carry forward His teachings. The number twelve is symbolically significant, representing the twelve tribes of Israel, thus indicating a new spiritual Israel being formed. The Greek term "dodeka" underscores the completeness and divine order in this selection, highlighting the continuity of God's covenantal promises through these chosen individuals.

and gave them power and authority
The words "power and authority" are translated from the Greek terms "dynamis" and "exousia." "Dynamis" refers to miraculous power or ability, while "exousia" denotes the right or jurisdiction to act. This dual empowerment signifies that the apostles were not only given the ability to perform miracles but also the divine right to exercise this power. In a historical context, this empowerment was revolutionary, as it transferred divine authority from Jesus to His disciples, marking a new phase in the establishment of the Kingdom of God on earth.

over all demons
The phrase "over all demons" indicates the comprehensive nature of the authority given to the apostles. The Greek word "daimonion" refers to evil spirits or fallen angels. This authority over demons is a testament to the supremacy of Christ's power over the spiritual realm. In the scriptural context, it reflects the ongoing battle between the Kingdom of God and the forces of darkness, with the apostles being equipped to confront and overcome evil.

and to cure diseases
The ability "to cure diseases" highlights the compassionate aspect of the apostles' mission. The Greek word "therapeuo" means to heal or restore, emphasizing the restorative nature of their work. This healing ministry is a direct continuation of Jesus' own ministry, demonstrating the holistic approach of the Gospel, which addresses both spiritual and physical needs. Historically, this healing power served as a sign of the in-breaking of God's Kingdom, offering a foretaste of the ultimate restoration to come.

And He sent them out
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the ministry of Jesus, as He commissions His disciples to extend His work. The Greek word for "sent" is "apostellō," from which we derive the term "apostle." This sending is not merely a task delegation but an authoritative commissioning, implying that the disciples are to act as representatives of Jesus Himself. Historically, this reflects the Jewish practice of sending messengers with full authority to speak on behalf of the sender, underscoring the trust and responsibility placed upon the disciples.

to proclaim the kingdom of God
The phrase "proclaim the kingdom of God" is central to Jesus' mission and message. The Greek word for "proclaim" is "kērussō," which means to herald or announce publicly. This proclamation is not just about words but involves a declaration of the reign and rule of God breaking into the world through Jesus. The "kingdom of God" is a theme deeply rooted in Jewish eschatological hope, where God's sovereign rule would be established on earth. The disciples are tasked with announcing this transformative reality, inviting people to recognize and enter into this divine kingdom.

and to heal the sick
Healing the sick is a tangible demonstration of the kingdom of God. The Greek word for "heal" is "therapeuō," which implies serving or caring for the sick, not just curing them. This reflects the compassionate nature of Jesus' ministry, where physical healing is a sign of the holistic restoration that God's kingdom brings. In the historical context, sickness was often associated with sin or demonic oppression, so healing served as a powerful testament to the in-breaking of God's power over all forms of brokenness. The disciples are thus empowered to continue Jesus' work of restoration, embodying the kingdom's values of mercy and compassion.

Take nothing for the journey
This phrase emphasizes the call to complete reliance on God’s provision. The Greek word for "take" is "αἴρω" (airō), which can mean to lift or carry. The instruction to take "nothing" underscores a radical dependence on God, reflecting the lifestyle of faith and trust that Jesus expected from His disciples. Historically, this directive would have been counter-cultural, as travelers typically prepared extensively for journeys. This command challenges believers to trust in God's provision rather than their own resources.

no staff
The staff was a common tool for travelers, used for support and protection. The Greek word "ῥάβδος" (rhabdos) refers to a rod or staff. By instructing the disciples to take no staff, Jesus was teaching them to rely on God for protection and guidance. This can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual reliance, where God Himself becomes the support and defense for His followers.

no bag
The "bag" or "purse" (Greek: "πήρα" - pēra) was used to carry provisions. By instructing the disciples to carry no bag, Jesus was emphasizing the importance of living by faith. This directive would have been a test of trust, as it required the disciples to depend on the hospitality of others and the providence of God for their daily needs.

no bread
Bread, a staple food, symbolizes basic sustenance. The Greek word "ἄρτος" (artos) is used here. By telling the disciples to take no bread, Jesus was teaching them to trust that God would provide for their physical needs. This echoes the Lord’s Prayer, where believers are taught to ask for "daily bread," signifying reliance on God for daily provision.

no money
The Greek term "ἀργύριον" (argyrion) refers to silver or money. Instructing the disciples to take no money further emphasizes the theme of reliance on God. Money represents security and self-sufficiency, and by leaving it behind, the disciples were to demonstrate their faith in God’s ability to provide for them through the generosity of others.

no extra tunic
The "tunic" (Greek: "χιτών" - chitōn) was an essential garment. Having an extra tunic would have been a practical consideration for travelers. By instructing the disciples not to take an extra tunic, Jesus was teaching them to live simply and to trust in God’s provision for their clothing needs. This instruction aligns with the broader biblical theme of simplicity and contentment, encouraging believers to focus on spiritual rather than material wealth.

Whatever house you enter
This phrase emphasizes the universality and inclusivity of the mission Jesus is sending His disciples on. The Greek word for "house" (οἰκία) can refer to a physical dwelling or a household, indicating that the disciples are to engage with both the physical and relational aspects of the communities they visit. Historically, homes in ancient Israel were central to community life, serving as places of hospitality and fellowship. This instruction underscores the importance of personal connection and the sharing of the Gospel within the intimate setting of a home, reflecting the early Christian emphasis on house churches.

stay there
The directive to "stay" (μένω) suggests a sense of commitment and stability. In the context of the disciples' mission, it implies that they should not seek better accommodations or move from house to house in search of more comfort or prestige. This instruction is a call to contentment and humility, reminding the disciples to focus on their mission rather than personal gain. It also reflects the cultural practice of hospitality in the ancient Near East, where guests were expected to remain with their hosts for the duration of their visit, fostering deeper relationships and community bonds.

until you leave that area
This phrase indicates a temporary but purposeful presence in each location. The Greek word for "area" (τόπος) can mean a place or region, suggesting that the disciples' mission is both specific and transient. Historically, this reflects the itinerant nature of Jesus' ministry and the early Christian movement, which spread rapidly through personal encounters and the establishment of local communities. The instruction to remain in one place until departure highlights the importance of establishing a strong foundation and leaving a lasting impact before moving on to new territories. It serves as a reminder of the transient nature of earthly missions and the eternal significance of spreading the Gospel.

And if anyone does not welcome you
This phrase sets the stage for understanding the nature of the mission Jesus is sending His disciples on. The Greek word for "welcome" is "δέχομαι" (dechomai), which implies more than just a passive reception; it suggests an active acceptance and hospitality. In the historical context of the ancient Near East, hospitality was a sacred duty, and to not welcome someone was a significant social statement. Jesus is preparing His disciples for the reality that not everyone will be receptive to their message, a truth that remains relevant for Christians today.

shake the dust off your feet
The act of shaking the dust off one's feet is deeply symbolic. In Jewish tradition, when Jews returned from Gentile lands, they would shake the dust from their feet to avoid bringing pagan soil into Israel. Here, Jesus uses this cultural practice to signify a separation from those who reject the Gospel. The Greek word "ἀποτινάσσω" (apotinassō) means to shake off or to rid oneself of something. This act serves as a testimony against those who refuse the message, indicating that they are choosing to remain outside the covenant community.

when you leave that town
This phrase emphasizes the itinerant nature of the disciples' mission. The Greek word for "leave" is "ἐξέρχομαι" (exerchomai), which means to go out or depart. The disciples are instructed to move on without lingering in places where they are not received. This reflects the urgency of their mission and the importance of focusing on those who are open to the Gospel. Historically, this approach allowed the early Christian message to spread rapidly across regions.

as a testimony against them
The word "testimony" comes from the Greek "μαρτύριον" (martyrion), which can mean evidence or witness. In this context, the act of shaking the dust off their feet serves as a visible sign of the rejection of the Gospel by the town. It is not merely an act of judgment but also a call to repentance, as it underscores the seriousness of rejecting the message of Christ. This phrase reminds believers of the responsibility to share the Gospel faithfully, leaving the outcome to God.

So they set out
This phrase indicates a decisive action taken by the disciples in obedience to Jesus' command. The Greek word for "set out" is "ἐξέρχομαι" (exerchomai), which means to go out or depart. This action signifies the beginning of their mission, emphasizing the importance of obedience and initiative in the Christian life. The disciples' willingness to leave their comfort zones and embark on this journey reflects the call for believers to actively participate in the Great Commission.

and went from village to village
The phrase "from village to village" highlights the itinerant nature of the disciples' ministry. The Greek word for "village" is "κώμη" (kome), referring to small rural communities. This indicates that the gospel message was not limited to urban centers but was intended for all people, regardless of their location or social status. Historically, villages were the heart of Jewish life, and reaching them was crucial for spreading the message of Christ. This underscores the inclusivity of the gospel and the need for evangelism in all areas of society.

preaching the gospel
The term "preaching" comes from the Greek "κηρύσσω" (kerysso), meaning to proclaim or announce publicly. The "gospel" (εὐαγγέλιον, euangelion) refers to the good news of Jesus Christ, His death, resurrection, and the salvation He offers. This phrase encapsulates the core mission of the disciples: to share the transformative message of Christ. The act of preaching is central to Christian ministry, emphasizing the power of the spoken word in conveying God's truth and the responsibility of believers to share their faith.

and healing people everywhere
The word "healing" is derived from the Greek "θεραπεύω" (therapeuo), which means to serve, cure, or restore to health. This aspect of the disciples' mission demonstrates the compassionate nature of Christ's ministry, addressing both spiritual and physical needs. The phrase "people everywhere" indicates the widespread impact of their work, showing that the power of God transcends geographical and cultural boundaries. Healing serves as a testament to the authenticity of the gospel message and the presence of God's kingdom on earth.

When Herod the tetrarch
Herod Antipas, known as the tetrarch, was a ruler of a quarter of the region, specifically Galilee and Perea, under Roman authority. The term "tetrarch" comes from the Greek "tetrarchēs," meaning a ruler of a fourth part. Herod Antipas was a son of Herod the Great, and his rule was marked by political cunning and moral weakness. Historically, Herod Antipas is known for his role in the execution of John the Baptist and his involvement in the trial of Jesus. His title and position reflect the complex political landscape of Judea under Roman occupation, where local rulers were often puppets of the Roman Empire.

heard about all that was happening
The phrase indicates that Herod was informed of the miraculous works and teachings of Jesus and His disciples. The Greek word for "heard" is "ēkousen," which implies not just hearing but understanding or comprehending the significance of the events. The activities of Jesus were causing a stir throughout the region, reaching even the ears of the political elite. This highlights the widespread impact of Jesus' ministry and the growing concern among the authorities about His influence.

he was perplexed
The Greek word "diēporei" is used here, meaning to be thoroughly perplexed or at a loss. Herod's perplexity suggests a deep inner turmoil and confusion. Despite his power, Herod was unable to comprehend the nature of Jesus' ministry. This reflects a common theme in the Gospels where earthly power and wisdom are confounded by the divine wisdom and authority of Jesus. Herod's perplexity also foreshadows the eventual confrontation between Jesus and the political powers of the day.

because some were saying
This phrase indicates the presence of rumors and speculation among the people. The Greek "legontōn" suggests ongoing conversation or discourse. The spread of these rumors shows the public's attempt to make sense of the miraculous events surrounding Jesus. It also highlights the varied and often incorrect interpretations of Jesus' identity and mission, a theme that runs throughout the Gospels.

that John had risen from the dead
This belief reflects the Jewish expectation of resurrection and the prophetic role of John the Baptist. The idea that John could rise from the dead indicates the high regard in which he was held by the people. It also underscores the fear and guilt Herod felt for having ordered John's execution. The notion of resurrection here is significant, as it prefigures the resurrection of Jesus, which is central to Christian faith. The confusion between John and Jesus also points to the continuity of their ministries, both calling for repentance and heralding the Kingdom of God.

others that Elijah had appeared
In this phrase, the mention of "Elijah" is significant in Jewish eschatological expectations. Elijah, a prominent prophet in the Old Testament, was believed to return before the coming of the Messiah, as prophesied in Malachi 4:5. The Greek word for "appeared" (ὤφθη, ophthē) suggests a visible manifestation, indicating that people believed Elijah had physically returned. This reflects the anticipation and hope among the Jewish people for the fulfillment of messianic prophecies, highlighting their longing for deliverance and restoration.

and still others that a prophet of old had arisen
The phrase "a prophet of old" refers to the revered prophets of the Hebrew Scriptures, such as Moses, Isaiah, or Jeremiah. The Greek word for "arisen" (ἀνέστη, anesti) implies a resurrection or coming back to life, which underscores the miraculous nature of such an event. This belief in the return of a prophet signifies the people's recognition of Jesus' extraordinary works and teachings, associating Him with the powerful figures of their religious history. It also reflects the diverse opinions and speculations about Jesus' identity during His ministry, as people grappled with understanding His true nature and mission.

But Herod said
The phrase introduces Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, a ruler under Roman authority. Herod's role in the New Testament is significant, as he is a political figure who intersects with the ministry of Jesus. Historically, Herod Antipas is known for his complex relationship with John the Baptist and later with Jesus. His political ambitions and moral failings are well-documented, providing a backdrop to his actions and words in the Gospels.

I beheaded John
This statement refers to the execution of John the Baptist, a pivotal event in the Gospels. The Greek word for "beheaded" (ἀπεκεφάλισα) underscores the brutal and decisive nature of John's death. John's execution was a result of Herod's rash promise to Herodias' daughter, Salome, as recorded in Mark 6:17-29. This act of violence against a prophet of God highlights Herod's moral corruption and the political intrigue of the time.

Who then is this
Herod's question reveals his confusion and curiosity about Jesus. The phrase "Who then is this" (Τίς δέ ἐστιν οὗτος) indicates Herod's lack of understanding and his attempt to categorize Jesus within his existing framework of knowledge. Herod's question echoes the broader theme in the Gospels of people trying to understand Jesus' true identity, which is central to the narrative of Luke.

I hear such things about
This phrase reflects the widespread rumors and reports about Jesus' miraculous works and teachings. The Greek word for "hear" (ἀκούω) suggests that Herod is receiving secondhand information, which piques his interest. The "things" Herod hears likely include Jesus' miracles, teachings, and growing influence, which were causing a stir among the people and the authorities.

And he kept trying to see Him
Herod's persistent desire to see Jesus (ἐζήτει ἰδεῖν αὐτόν) indicates a mix of curiosity, intrigue, and perhaps fear. The imperfect tense of "kept trying" suggests ongoing effort and interest. Herod's motivation could be multifaceted: a desire to witness Jesus' miracles, to assess any political threat, or to satisfy a personal curiosity. This pursuit foreshadows Herod's later encounter with Jesus during His trial, as recorded in Luke 23:8-12, where Herod's superficial interest is met with Jesus' silence.

When the apostles returned
The term "apostles" comes from the Greek word "apostolos," meaning "one who is sent out." This highlights their role as messengers and representatives of Jesus, entrusted with His authority to preach and perform miracles. Historically, the apostles were pivotal in the early church, spreading the Gospel and establishing Christian communities. Their return signifies the completion of a mission, a moment of accountability and reflection on their experiences and the power of God working through them.

they reported to Jesus all they had done
The act of reporting underscores the relationship between the apostles and Jesus, characterized by communication and accountability. It reflects a practice of discipleship where experiences are shared, and guidance is sought. This phrase also emphasizes the importance of giving an account of one's ministry, a principle that resonates with the Christian call to stewardship and transparency in service.

Then He took them with Him
This phrase indicates Jesus' role as a shepherd and leader, guiding His followers not just in ministry but also in rest and reflection. The Greek word "paralambanō," translated as "took," suggests a personal and intentional action, emphasizing Jesus' care and concern for His disciples' well-being. It reflects the balance between active ministry and necessary withdrawal for spiritual renewal.

and withdrew privately
The concept of withdrawal is significant in the Gospels, often associated with prayer, reflection, and preparation. The Greek word "anachōreō" implies a deliberate retreat from public activity. This action by Jesus models the importance of solitude and communion with God, a practice that strengthens believers for future ministry. It also highlights the need for rest and recuperation after intense periods of service.

to a town called Bethsaida
Bethsaida, meaning "house of fishing" in Hebrew, was a town located near the Sea of Galilee. It holds historical and archaeological significance as a place where several of Jesus' miracles occurred, including the feeding of the five thousand. The choice of Bethsaida as a place of retreat suggests a strategic location for both rest and continued ministry. It serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of Jesus' ministry with specific geographical and cultural contexts, emphasizing the tangible reality of His earthly mission.

But the crowds found out
The phrase "the crowds found out" indicates the persistent and eager pursuit of Jesus by the people. In the Greek, the word for "crowds" is "ὄχλοι" (ochloi), which often refers to large groups of people, typically those who are common folk or the general populace. This reflects the widespread interest and need among the people for Jesus' teachings and miracles. Historically, this pursuit underscores the growing reputation of Jesus as a teacher and healer, drawing people from various regions who were desperate for hope and divine intervention.

and followed Him
The act of following, "ἀκολούθησαν" (akolouthēsan), implies more than just physical movement; it suggests a deeper commitment or desire to be near Jesus. In the context of discipleship, following Jesus is a recurring theme in the Gospels, symbolizing a willingness to learn from Him and to be transformed by His presence. This pursuit by the crowds highlights their recognition of Jesus' authority and the hope they placed in Him as a spiritual leader.

He welcomed them
The Greek word for "welcomed" is "ἀποδεξάμενος" (apodexamenos), which conveys a sense of receiving or accepting with favor. Jesus' welcoming nature is a testament to His compassion and openness, reflecting the heart of God towards humanity. This act of welcoming is significant in a cultural context where hospitality was a valued virtue, and it demonstrates Jesus' readiness to engage with all who seek Him, regardless of their social status or background.

and spoke to them about the kingdom of God
The phrase "spoke to them about the kingdom of God" is central to Jesus' ministry. The "kingdom of God" (βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, basileia tou Theou) is a foundational concept in Jesus' teachings, representing God's sovereign rule and the realization of His divine will on earth. This message would have resonated deeply with the Jewish audience, who were anticipating a messianic kingdom. Jesus' teachings often challenged existing expectations, emphasizing a kingdom characterized by righteousness, peace, and spiritual transformation rather than political power.

and He healed those who needed healing
The act of healing, "ἰᾶτο" (iato), is a demonstration of Jesus' divine authority and compassion. Healing in the biblical context is not only physical but also spiritual, symbolizing restoration and wholeness. The phrase "those who needed healing" underscores Jesus' attentiveness to human suffering and His willingness to address it. This healing ministry fulfilled Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah and served as a tangible sign of the inbreaking of God's kingdom, offering a foretaste of the ultimate restoration to come.

As the day neared its end
This phrase sets the scene for the miraculous feeding of the five thousand. The Greek word for "day" (ἡμέρα, hēmera) indicates a literal day, emphasizing the urgency of the situation as daylight was fading. In the historical context, the end of the day was significant because it marked the time when people would typically seek shelter and food. The disciples' concern reflects a practical need, highlighting the human aspect of the narrative and setting the stage for Jesus' divine intervention.

the Twelve
Referring to the twelve apostles, this phrase underscores the close-knit group of Jesus' chosen followers. The number twelve is significant in Jewish tradition, symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel. This connection reinforces the idea that Jesus' ministry is a continuation and fulfillment of God's covenant with Israel. The apostles, as representatives of the new Israel, are being prepared to carry on Jesus' mission.

came to Him
This action of coming to Jesus signifies the apostles' dependence on Him for guidance and solutions. In the Greek, the verb "came" (προσέρχομαι, proserchomai) implies an approach with purpose or intent. This reflects the disciples' recognition of Jesus' authority and their trust in His ability to address the situation, a model for believers to seek Christ in times of need.

and said
The act of speaking to Jesus indicates a relationship of communication and trust. The Greek verb "said" (λέγω, legō) is often used in the New Testament to introduce important teachings or requests. Here, it introduces the disciples' practical concern, setting the stage for Jesus to demonstrate His power and compassion.

Dismiss the crowd
The disciples' suggestion to dismiss the crowd reveals their limited understanding of Jesus' ability to provide. The Greek word for "dismiss" (ἀπολύω, apolyō) can also mean to release or send away, indicating the disciples' desire to solve the problem through conventional means. This highlights a common human tendency to rely on worldly solutions rather than divine provision.

so they can go to the surrounding villages and countryside
This phrase reflects the disciples' concern for the physical needs of the crowd. The mention of "villages and countryside" (κώμας καὶ ἀγρούς, kōmas kai agrous) paints a picture of the rural setting, emphasizing the isolation and lack of resources. Historically, these areas would have been small and unable to accommodate such a large number of people, underscoring the magnitude of the miracle that is about to occur.

to find food and lodging
The disciples' focus on "food and lodging" (ἐπισιτισθῶσιν καὶ εὕρωσιν καταλύματα, episitisthōsin kai heurōsin katalymata) highlights basic human needs. The Greek words used here emphasize sustenance and shelter, fundamental aspects of hospitality in ancient cultures. This concern for the crowd's welfare reflects the disciples' compassion, even as it contrasts with their lack of faith in Jesus' ability to provide.

for we are in a desolate place
The description of the location as "desolate" (ἔρημος, erēmos) underscores the impossibility of the situation from a human perspective. In biblical terms, the wilderness or desolate places are often settings for divine encounters and miracles, as seen in the Israelites' journey through the desert. This setting prepares the reader for the miraculous provision that follows, demonstrating God's ability to provide abundantly in the most unlikely circumstances.

But Jesus told them
This phrase introduces the direct command of Jesus, highlighting His authority and leadership. The Greek word for "told" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is often used in the New Testament to denote a significant or authoritative statement. In the context of the Gospels, when Jesus speaks, it is often to teach, correct, or reveal divine truth. This sets the stage for a miraculous event, emphasizing that what follows is not merely a suggestion but a directive from the Son of God.

You give them something to eat
Here, Jesus challenges His disciples with a command that seems impossible given their circumstances. The Greek word for "give" is "δώτε" (dote), an imperative form, indicating a direct order. This command is significant because it shifts the responsibility to the disciples, inviting them to participate in the miracle. Historically, this reflects the Jewish tradition of hospitality and provision, where feeding others was a communal responsibility. Scripturally, it foreshadows the Eucharist, where Jesus provides spiritual nourishment. The phrase also serves as a test of faith, pushing the disciples to rely not on their resources but on divine provision.

We have only five loaves of bread and two fish
This response from the disciples highlights their limited resources. The Greek word for "only" is "οὐκ εἰσὶν" (ouk eisin), emphasizing scarcity. The mention of "five loaves" and "two fish" is specific and deliberate, underscoring the inadequacy of their supplies to meet the needs of the multitude. Historically, bread and fish were staple foods in Galilean society, often representing basic sustenance. This detail sets the stage for the miracle, illustrating the contrast between human limitation and divine abundance.

they answered
The disciples' response is captured in the Greek word "εἶπαν" (eipan), similar to the word used for Jesus' command, indicating a dialogue. This exchange reflects the disciples' practical mindset and their initial inability to comprehend the possibility of a miracle. It also reveals their reliance on physical evidence rather than faith in Jesus' power. This moment of doubt and questioning is a common theme in the Gospels, where Jesus often uses such opportunities to teach deeper spiritual truths.

unless we go and buy food for all these people
This phrase reveals the disciples' logical but limited solution to the problem. The Greek word for "buy" is "ἀγοράσωμεν" (agorasomen), indicating a transactional approach. This reflects a human tendency to solve problems through material means rather than spiritual reliance. The mention of "all these people" underscores the magnitude of the crowd, which, according to the context, numbered in the thousands. Historically, this would have been a logistical impossibility, further highlighting the miraculous nature of what Jesus was about to do. This phrase serves as a reminder of the limitations of human effort and the necessity of divine intervention.

About five thousand men
This phrase sets the scene for one of Jesus' most well-known miracles, the feeding of the five thousand. The Greek word for "men" here is "ἀνδρές" (andres), which specifically refers to males, indicating that the total number of people, including women and children, was likely much higher. This detail emphasizes the magnitude of the miracle. Historically, large gatherings like this were uncommon due to logistical challenges, highlighting the draw of Jesus' ministry and the people's hunger for spiritual teaching.

were there
The presence of such a large crowd "there" underscores the widespread appeal and authority of Jesus' teachings. The location, as described in the surrounding verses, is a remote area, which further accentuates the dedication of the people who followed Jesus even to desolate places. This setting also sets the stage for the miraculous provision that follows, as it emphasizes the lack of resources and the need for divine intervention. The Greek verb "ἦσαν" (ēsan) is in the imperfect tense, suggesting an ongoing state, indicating that the crowd had been gathered for some time, listening and waiting expectantly for Jesus' words and actions. This reflects the deep spiritual hunger and anticipation among the people, a theme that resonates throughout the Gospels.

They did so
This phrase indicates obedience and compliance with Jesus' instructions. The Greek root for "did" is "ποιέω" (poieo), which means to make, do, or act. This action reflects the disciples' trust and faith in Jesus' command. Historically, this moment is set in the context of the feeding of the five thousand, a miracle that demonstrates Jesus' divine authority and compassion. The disciples' willingness to follow Jesus' instructions without question is a testament to their growing faith and understanding of His mission.

and everyone
The word "everyone" signifies the inclusivity of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word used here is "πᾶς" (pas), meaning all or every. This highlights that Jesus' miracles and teachings were accessible to all people, regardless of their social status or background. In the historical context, this inclusivity was revolutionary, as many religious leaders of the time were exclusive in their practices. Jesus' approach foreshadows the Great Commission, where the Gospel is to be shared with all nations.

was seated
The act of being seated is significant in this context. The Greek word "κατακλίνω" (kataklino) means to recline or sit down, often used in the context of dining. This seating arrangement was not just for order but also symbolized readiness to receive what Jesus was about to provide. In the cultural and historical context of the time, being seated in groups for a meal was a common practice, especially during large gatherings. This setting prepares the crowd for the miraculous feeding, emphasizing the communal and providential aspects of Jesus' ministry. The act of sitting also reflects a posture of rest and expectation, trusting in Jesus' provision.

Taking the five loaves and the two fish
This phrase highlights the humble beginnings of a miraculous event. The "five loaves and the two fish" symbolize the meager resources available to the disciples. In the Greek, "loaves" (ἄρτους, artous) refers to small barley loaves, the bread of the poor, emphasizing the modesty of the offering. The "fish" (ἰχθύας, ichthyas) were likely small, salted fish, common in the diet of the region. This setting underscores the theme that God can use the simplest of offerings to accomplish His divine purposes, a reminder of His providence and the abundance that comes from faith.

and looking up to heaven
This action signifies Jesus' acknowledgment of the Father as the source of all provision. The Greek word for "looking up" (ἀναβλέψας, anablepsas) implies a deliberate and focused gaze, symbolizing trust and dependence on God. In the historical context, this gesture was a common Jewish practice of prayer, indicating reverence and expectation. It serves as a model for believers to direct their needs and gratitude towards God, recognizing Him as the ultimate provider.

He spoke a blessing
The act of blessing (εὐλόγησεν, eulogēsen) is significant in Jewish tradition, where blessings are pronounced to express gratitude and invoke divine favor. This phrase indicates Jesus' role as the mediator between God and humanity, sanctifying the meal and setting it apart for a holy purpose. The blessing transforms the ordinary into the extraordinary, illustrating the power of spoken words aligned with God's will.

and broke them
Breaking the bread (ἔκλασεν, eklasen) is a symbolic act that foreshadows the Last Supper and the breaking of Jesus' body on the cross. In the cultural context, breaking bread was a communal act, signifying fellowship and sharing. This action not only provides physical sustenance but also points to the spiritual nourishment that Jesus offers, inviting believers to partake in His life and sacrifice.

Then He gave them to the disciples
The distribution of the loaves and fish through the disciples (ἔδωκεν τοῖς μαθηταῖς, edōken tois mathētais) highlights the role of the disciples as instruments of Jesus' ministry. This phrase emphasizes the partnership between divine power and human agency. The disciples are entrusted with the task of serving others, a call for all believers to participate in God's work by sharing His blessings with those around them.

to set before the people
This final phrase (παραθεῖναι τῷ ὄχλῳ, paratheinai tō ochlō) illustrates the act of service and hospitality. The Greek word "set before" implies careful and intentional placement, reflecting the orderly and generous nature of God's provision. The "people" (ὄχλῳ, ochlō) represent the multitude, symbolizing the inclusivity of God's kingdom, where all are invited to partake in His abundance. This act of setting the food before the crowd is a testament to God's ability to meet the needs of His people, both physically and spiritually, through the obedience and service of His followers.

They all ate
This phrase signifies the inclusivity and completeness of the miracle. The Greek word for "ate" is "ἔφαγον" (ephagon), which is a common term for eating but here implies a communal sharing of sustenance provided by Jesus. Historically, meals in Jewish culture were significant for fellowship and community. This act of eating together symbolizes the unity and provision found in Christ, who meets the needs of all who come to Him.

and were satisfied
The Greek word "ἐχορτάσθησαν" (echortasthēsan) means to be filled or satisfied, often used in the context of being fully content after a meal. This satisfaction is not merely physical but also spiritual, reflecting the deeper fulfillment that Jesus provides. In a historical context, food scarcity was common, and the ability to eat until satisfied was a rare blessing, underscoring the miraculous nature of this event.

and the disciples picked up
The act of the disciples gathering the leftovers is significant. The Greek "συνήγαγον" (synēgagon) means to gather together, indicating a purposeful collection. This reflects the role of the disciples as stewards of Jesus' ministry, responsible for managing and distributing His blessings. It also serves as a lesson in stewardship and gratitude, ensuring that nothing is wasted.

twelve basketfuls
The number twelve is symbolically significant in the Bible, often representing the twelve tribes of Israel or the twelve apostles. The Greek word for basketfuls, "κοφίνους" (kophinous), refers to a specific type of basket used by Jews, indicating a cultural context. This abundance signifies God's provision for His people and the completeness of His care, as well as the continuation of His covenant with Israel through Jesus.

of broken pieces
The "broken pieces" or "κλασμάτων" (klasmatōn) in Greek, emphasize the miraculous multiplication of the loaves and fish. In a spiritual sense, it reflects how Jesus takes what is broken and multiplies it for His purposes. This can be seen as a metaphor for how God uses our brokenness to bring about His glory and fulfill His plans.

that were left over
The phrase "left over" or "περισσεύσαντα" (perisseusanta) indicates an abundance beyond immediate need. This surplus is a testament to God's generosity and the overflowing nature of His blessings. In a scriptural context, it reminds believers of the principle that God provides not just enough, but more than enough, encouraging trust in His provision and care.

Once
The word "once" in this context signifies a specific moment in time, a singular event that stands out in the narrative. It emphasizes the importance of the occasion, drawing attention to the unique and pivotal nature of what is about to unfold. In the Greek, the word used is "ἐγένετο" (egeneto), which often introduces a significant event or turning point in the narrative. This sets the stage for a moment of revelation and introspection.

when Jesus was praying
Prayer is a central theme in the life of Jesus, and this phrase highlights His consistent practice of seeking communion with the Father. The Greek word for praying, "προσευχόμενον" (proseuchomenon), indicates an ongoing action, suggesting that prayer was a continual and integral part of Jesus' life. This moment of prayer underscores the importance of spiritual discipline and reliance on God, serving as a model for believers to follow.

in private
The phrase "in private" suggests a setting of solitude and intimacy. Jesus often withdrew from the crowds to pray alone, as seen in other Gospel accounts. This private communion with God reflects the depth of His relationship with the Father and the necessity of personal, undistracted time with God. It serves as a reminder of the value of seeking God away from the noise and distractions of daily life.

and His disciples were with Him
This phrase indicates that while Jesus was in a private setting, His disciples were present, suggesting a teaching moment or a time of shared spiritual experience. The presence of the disciples highlights the importance of community in the faith journey. It also sets the stage for the revelation and discussion that follows, as Jesus often used such moments to instruct and prepare His followers.

He questioned them
The act of questioning is a teaching method frequently used by Jesus. The Greek word "ἐπηρώτησεν" (eperōtēsen) implies a deliberate and purposeful inquiry. Jesus' questions often served to provoke thought, challenge assumptions, and lead His disciples to deeper understanding. This questioning is not merely for information but is a tool for spiritual growth and revelation.

Who do the crowds say I am?
This question addresses the public perception of Jesus' identity. It reflects the varied opinions and speculations about Him among the people. The question invites the disciples to consider the contrast between popular opinion and divine revelation. It challenges them to move beyond hearsay and to seek a personal understanding of who Jesus truly is. This inquiry sets the stage for the profound confession of faith that follows in the narrative.

They replied
This phrase introduces the response of the disciples to Jesus' question about His identity. The Greek word used here is "ἀποκριθέντες" (apokrinthentes), which means "having answered" or "replied." This indicates a thoughtful response, suggesting that the disciples are conveying the general consensus of the people. In the context of the Gospel of Luke, this moment is pivotal as it reveals the varied perceptions of Jesus' identity among the people. Historically, this reflects the diverse expectations of the Messiah during the Second Temple period, where many awaited a political liberator or a prophetic figure.

John the Baptist
The mention of John the Baptist highlights the significant impact he had on the Jewish people. John was a well-known prophetic figure who called for repentance and prepared the way for Jesus. The Greek name "Ἰωάννης" (Iōannēs) is derived from the Hebrew "Yochanan," meaning "Yahweh is gracious." This reflects the grace of God in sending a forerunner to the Messiah. The belief that Jesus might be John resurrected underscores the extraordinary nature of both their ministries and the expectation of divine intervention in Israel's history.

others say Elijah
Elijah, a major prophet in Israel's history, is mentioned here due to the prophecy in Malachi 4:5, which foretold Elijah's return before the "great and dreadful day of the LORD." The Greek "Ἠλίας" (Ēlias) corresponds to the Hebrew "Eliyahu," meaning "My God is Yahweh." Elijah's association with miraculous acts and his ascension into heaven without dying fueled speculation that Jesus might be Elijah returned. This reflects the eschatological hopes of the Jewish people, who anticipated a messianic age heralded by Elijah's return.

and still others, that a prophet of old
This phrase indicates the belief that Jesus might be one of the ancient prophets come back to life. The Greek word "προφήτης" (prophētēs) means "prophet," a spokesperson for God. The reference to "a prophet of old" suggests figures like Moses or Isaiah, who were revered for their roles in guiding Israel. This reflects the Jewish expectation of a prophet like Moses, as mentioned in Deuteronomy 18:15, who would arise to lead and deliver God's people.

has arisen
The concept of arising, from the Greek "ἀνέστη" (anestē), implies resurrection or coming back to life. This belief in resurrection was a common hope among many Jews, particularly the Pharisees, who anticipated a future resurrection of the righteous. The idea that Jesus might be a resurrected prophet underscores the extraordinary nature of His ministry and the hope for divine intervention. It also foreshadows Jesus' own resurrection, which would become the cornerstone of Christian faith.

But who do you say I am?
This question posed by Jesus is pivotal, not only in the Gospel of Luke but in the entire New Testament narrative. The Greek word for "say" is "λέγετε" (legete), which implies not just a casual remark but a considered declaration. Jesus is asking His disciples to move beyond public opinion and express their personal conviction. This question challenges believers to reflect on their understanding and relationship with Jesus. Historically, this moment is set against a backdrop of various expectations of the Messiah, ranging from a political liberator to a spiritual savior. Jesus' question invites His followers to transcend these expectations and recognize His true identity.

Peter answered
Peter, often seen as the spokesperson for the disciples, steps forward with a bold declaration. The Greek name "Πέτρος" (Petros) means "rock," symbolizing the foundational role Peter would play in the early church. His response is not just personal but representative of the collective belief of the disciples. This moment is significant in Peter's journey of faith, highlighting his growing understanding of Jesus' mission. Archaeological findings, such as inscriptions and early Christian symbols, often depict Peter as a key figure, underscoring his importance in the early Christian community.

The Christ of God
Peter's declaration, "The Christ of God," is profound. The term "Christ" comes from the Greek "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This title signifies Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, the one chosen and consecrated by God to bring salvation. The phrase "of God" emphasizes divine origin and authority, distinguishing Jesus from other messianic figures of the time. Scripturally, this confession aligns with passages like Isaiah 61:1, which speaks of the anointed servant of the Lord. Peter's recognition of Jesus as the Christ is a moment of divine revelation, as noted in Matthew's parallel account (Matthew 16:17), where Jesus acknowledges that this understanding is revealed by the Father. This confession is foundational for Christian faith, affirming Jesus' divine mission and identity.

Jesus
The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew name "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This name is significant as it encapsulates the mission and identity of Jesus as the Savior. In the context of Luke 9, Jesus is the central figure who has just been identified by Peter as the Messiah. This acknowledgment of His divine role is crucial, as it sets the stage for the unfolding of His redemptive work.

strictly warned
The Greek word used here is "ἐπιτιμάω" (epitimao), which conveys a strong, authoritative command. This is not a casual suggestion but a firm directive. The use of this term indicates the seriousness with which Jesus approached the matter. Historically, Jesus often used strong language to emphasize the importance of His instructions, especially when it pertained to His identity and mission.

them
This refers to the disciples, who were Jesus' closest followers and the ones entrusted with His teachings. The disciples were in a unique position to witness Jesus' miracles and hear His teachings firsthand. Their understanding and actions were pivotal in the early spread of Christianity, making Jesus' instructions to them particularly significant.

not to tell
The phrase "not to tell" is crucial in understanding the Messianic Secret, a theme in the Gospels where Jesus often instructed His followers to keep His identity as the Messiah confidential. This was likely due to the potential for misunderstanding His mission, as many expected a political liberator rather than a spiritual savior. The timing of revealing His identity was essential to prevent premature conflict with religious and political authorities.

this
The word "this" refers to the revelation that Jesus is the Messiah, the Anointed One. This acknowledgment was a profound truth that carried significant theological weight. In the Jewish context, the Messiah was expected to fulfill specific prophecies and bring about God's kingdom. Jesus' fulfillment of these expectations was central to His mission and message.

to anyone
The instruction "to anyone" underscores the universality of the command. Jesus was not singling out a particular group but was instructing the disciples to maintain confidentiality with everyone. This highlights the strategic nature of Jesus' ministry, as He carefully managed the timing and manner of His self-revelation to ensure the fulfillment of His divine purpose.

The Son of Man
This title, "The Son of Man," is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a messianic figure endowed with authority, glory, and sovereign power. In the New Testament, Jesus frequently uses this title to refer to Himself, emphasizing both His humanity and His divine mission. The Greek term "ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου" (ho huios tou anthrōpou) underscores His role as the representative of humanity and the fulfillment of prophetic visions. This title also highlights His humility and His identification with mankind, while simultaneously pointing to His divine authority and eschatological role.

must suffer
The phrase "must suffer" indicates a divine necessity, often expressed in the Greek as "δεῖ" (dei), meaning "it is necessary." This necessity is not merely a prediction but a fulfillment of God's redemptive plan as prophesied in the Scriptures. The suffering of the Messiah was foretold in passages like Isaiah 53, which speaks of the Suffering Servant. This suffering is integral to Jesus' mission, as it is through His suffering that salvation is accomplished. It underscores the paradox of the Christian faith: that through suffering and apparent defeat, victory and redemption are achieved.

many things
The phrase "many things" encompasses the breadth and depth of the trials and tribulations that Jesus would endure. This includes not only physical suffering but also emotional and spiritual anguish. The Gospels detail these sufferings, from the rejection by His own people to the agony of Gethsemane and the crucifixion. This phrase serves as a reminder of the comprehensive nature of Christ's suffering, which He willingly embraced for the sake of humanity's redemption.

and be rejected
The rejection of Jesus is a recurring theme in the Gospels. The Greek word "ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι" (apodokimasthēnai) conveys a strong sense of being repudiated or disapproved. This rejection was not only by the religious leaders but also by the people He came to save. It fulfills the prophecy of Psalm 118:22, "The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone." This rejection is a poignant reminder of the cost of discipleship and the reality that following Christ often involves facing rejection and opposition.

by the elders, chief priests, and scribes
These three groups represent the Jewish religious leadership of the time. The "elders" were respected leaders within the community, the "chief priests" were responsible for temple worship and sacrifices, and the "scribes" were experts in the Law. Their collective rejection of Jesus signifies a comprehensive repudiation by the established religious order. This opposition highlights the tension between Jesus' teachings and the prevailing religious norms, and it sets the stage for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through the crucifixion and resurrection.

and be killed
The phrase "and be killed" speaks directly to the crucifixion, the method of execution that Jesus would endure. The Greek word "ἀποκτανθῆναι" (apoktanthēnai) indicates a violent death. This was not an unforeseen tragedy but a central component of God's salvific plan. Jesus' death is the ultimate sacrifice, fulfilling the Old Testament sacrificial system and providing atonement for sin. It is through His death that the power of sin and death is broken, offering eternal life to all who believe.

and on the third day be raised to life
The resurrection is the cornerstone of Christian faith, as it validates Jesus' divinity and the truth of His teachings. The phrase "on the third day be raised to life" is a fulfillment of Jesus' own predictions and the Scriptures, such as Hosea 6:2. The Greek term "ἀναστῆναι" (anastēnai) means "to rise up," signifying not only a return to life but a victorious emergence from the grave. This event is the ultimate demonstration of God's power over death and the assurance of eternal life for believers. The resurrection is the triumphant conclusion to the narrative of suffering and rejection, offering hope and redemption to all.

Then Jesus said to all of them
This phrase sets the scene for a pivotal teaching moment. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), indicating a declaration or proclamation. Jesus is addressing not just His disciples but a broader audience, emphasizing the universal nature of His call. The phrase "to all of them" underscores the inclusivity of His message, inviting everyone to listen and consider His words.

If anyone would come after Me
The phrase "come after Me" is a call to discipleship. The Greek word "ἔρχεσθαι" (erchesthai) means to come or to go, suggesting movement and action. This is not a passive following but an active pursuit of Jesus. The use of "anyone" highlights the open invitation to all, regardless of background or status, to become a follower of Christ.

he must deny himself
"Deny" comes from the Greek word "ἀπαρνησάσθω" (aparneomai), meaning to disown or renounce. This is a call to reject self-centeredness and personal desires that conflict with God's will. In a historical context, this would have been a radical departure from the cultural norms of self-preservation and honor. It is a call to prioritize Christ above all else.

and take up his cross daily
The "cross" is a symbol of suffering, sacrifice, and ultimately, redemption. In the Roman world, the cross was an instrument of execution, representing shame and death. The Greek word "σταυρόν" (stauron) signifies this burden. The addition of "daily" emphasizes the continual nature of this commitment. It is not a one-time act but a daily choice to embrace the challenges and sacrifices of following Christ.

and follow Me
The Greek word for "follow" is "ἀκολουθείτω" (akoloutheito), which means to accompany or to go along with. This implies a close, personal relationship with Jesus, walking in His footsteps and adhering to His teachings. Historically, disciples would physically follow their rabbi, learning from their example. Spiritually, this means aligning one's life with the principles and mission of Jesus.

For whoever wants to save his life
This phrase begins with the Greek word "γάρ" (gar), meaning "for," which connects this statement to the preceding verses about self-denial and taking up one's cross. The word "wants" is translated from "θέλει" (thelei), indicating a deliberate desire or intention. The term "save" comes from "σῴζω" (sōzō), which means to preserve or rescue from danger. In this context, "life" is translated from "ψυχή" (psychē), often understood as the soul or the essence of one's being. Historically, this reflects the human instinct to preserve one's physical life, but Jesus challenges this notion by suggesting a deeper, spiritual dimension.

will lose it
The Greek word for "lose" is "ἀπολέσει" (apolesei), which means to destroy or lose. This paradoxical statement emphasizes the futility of clinging to earthly life at the expense of spiritual truth. The historical context of martyrdom in the early church underscores the reality that physical life may be sacrificed for the sake of faith, yet true life is found in Christ.

but whoever loses his life for My sake
The conjunction "but" (δέ, de) introduces a contrast. "Loses" is again from "ἀπολέσει" (apolesei), reinforcing the idea of willingly giving up one's life. The phrase "for My sake" is crucial, as it signifies the motivation behind the sacrifice. The Greek "ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ" (heneken emou) implies a purpose or cause, specifically for Jesus and His mission. This reflects the call to discipleship, where allegiance to Christ takes precedence over self-preservation.

will save it
Here, "save" is again from "σῴζω" (sōzō), but in this context, it refers to the ultimate salvation of the soul. The promise is that those who surrender their earthly life for Christ will gain eternal life. This assurance is rooted in the resurrection hope, a central tenet of Christian faith, affirming that true life is found in union with Jesus.

What does it profit
The phrase "What does it profit" invites us to consider the true value of our pursuits. The Greek word for "profit" is "ὠφελέω" (ōpheleō), which means to benefit or to be useful. This rhetorical question challenges us to evaluate the eternal significance of our actions and priorities. In a world driven by material success, Jesus prompts His followers to reflect on what truly benefits their souls.

a man
The term "a man" here is representative of humanity as a whole. It underscores the universal nature of this teaching. Every person, regardless of status or wealth, is subject to the same spiritual truths. This inclusivity emphasizes that the message of the Gospel is for all people, calling each individual to introspection and spiritual awakening.

to gain the whole world
The phrase "to gain the whole world" speaks to the pursuit of worldly success and material wealth. The Greek word "κερδαίνω" (kerdainō) means to acquire or win. Historically, this reflects the human tendency to seek power, possessions, and prestige. Jesus contrasts this with the spiritual realm, reminding us that earthly gains are temporary and cannot satisfy the eternal needs of the soul.

yet lose
The word "lose" is translated from the Greek "ἀπολέω" (apoleō), meaning to destroy or perish. This term conveys the gravity of spiritual loss, which is far more significant than any material gain. It serves as a warning that the pursuit of worldly success can lead to the destruction of one's spiritual well-being if not aligned with God's will.

or forfeit
The term "forfeit" comes from the Greek "ζημιόω" (zēmioō), which means to suffer loss or damage. This word suggests a voluntary surrender or giving up of something valuable. In this context, it implies that by prioritizing worldly gains over spiritual health, one risks willingly giving up their eternal soul, which is of immeasurable worth.

his very self
The phrase "his very self" refers to the essence of a person, their soul. The Greek word "ἑαυτοῦ" (heautou) emphasizes the personal and intimate nature of this loss. It is a reminder that our true identity and value lie not in external achievements but in our relationship with God. The soul is eternal, and its preservation should be our utmost priority.

If anyone is ashamed of Me
The phrase "ashamed of Me" is a powerful call to allegiance and loyalty to Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "ashamed" is "ἐπαισχυνθῇ" (epaischynthē), which implies a sense of embarrassment or reluctance to be associated with someone. In the historical context of the early church, Christians faced persecution and social ostracism. This phrase challenges believers to stand firm in their faith, regardless of societal pressures or personal fears. It is a call to boldness in proclaiming one's faith in Christ, reflecting the importance of public confession and witness.

and My words
The inclusion of "My words" emphasizes the authority and divine nature of Jesus' teachings. The Greek term "λόγους" (logous) refers to the spoken words or teachings of Jesus. This highlights the inseparable link between Christ and His message. In a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief in the inerrancy and authority of Scripture. Believers are called not only to embrace Jesus as Lord but also to adhere to His teachings as the foundation of their faith and practice.

the Son of Man
This title, "the Son of Man," is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a messianic figure endowed with authority and glory. In the New Testament, Jesus frequently uses this title to refer to Himself, emphasizing both His humanity and His divine authority. It serves as a reminder of His role as the prophesied Messiah and the judge of all humanity. This title reassures believers of Jesus' ultimate authority and His fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.

will be ashamed of him
The reciprocal nature of this phrase, "will be ashamed of him," serves as a solemn warning. The Greek word "ἐπαισχυνθήσεται" (epaischynthēsetai) mirrors the earlier term for "ashamed," indicating a mutual disowning. This reflects the biblical principle of reaping what one sows (Galatians 6:7). It underscores the seriousness of denying Christ and the eternal consequences of such actions. In a conservative Christian view, this is a call to remain steadfast in faith, knowing that our relationship with Christ has eternal significance.

when He comes in His glory
The phrase "when He comes in His glory" points to the second coming of Christ, a central tenet of Christian eschatology. The Greek word "δόξῃ" (doxē) signifies splendor, majesty, and divine radiance. This anticipates the future return of Christ, not in humility as in His first coming, but in majestic power and authority. It serves as a source of hope and encouragement for believers, affirming that Christ will ultimately triumph and establish His kingdom.

and in the glory of the Father
This phrase highlights the unity and shared glory between Jesus and the Father. The "glory of the Father" signifies the divine nature and authority of God the Father. It reinforces the Trinitarian belief in the co-equality and co-eternity of the Father and the Son. For believers, this is a reminder of the divine backing and authority behind Jesus' mission and message, providing assurance of the truth and reliability of His promises.

and of the holy angels
The mention of "the holy angels" underscores the heavenly entourage that will accompany Christ at His return. Angels are often depicted in Scripture as messengers and servants of God, participating in His divine plan. Their presence at the second coming signifies the cosmic significance of this event and the full manifestation of God's kingdom. For believers, this serves as a reminder of the spiritual realities that surround us and the ultimate victory of God's purposes.

But I tell you truthfully
This phrase begins with a solemn declaration from Jesus, emphasizing the importance and certainty of what He is about to say. The Greek word for "truthfully" is "alēthōs," which underscores the sincerity and reliability of His statement. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this introduction serves to capture the attention of His listeners, ensuring that they understand the gravity of His message. It reflects Jesus' role as the ultimate bearer of truth, a theme consistent throughout the Gospels.

some who are standing here
This phrase indicates that Jesus is speaking directly to His disciples and possibly a larger group of followers. The immediacy of "standing here" suggests that the message is relevant to those present at that moment. Historically, this setting is significant as it places the audience in the midst of Jesus' teachings and miracles, providing them with firsthand experience of His divine authority and the unfolding of God's kingdom.

will not taste death
The expression "taste death" is a metaphorical way of speaking about experiencing death. The Greek word "geuomai" for "taste" implies a sensory experience, suggesting that those Jesus refers to will not undergo the full experience of death. This phrase has been the subject of much theological discussion, often interpreted as a promise of witnessing a significant event before dying, such as the Transfiguration, the Resurrection, or the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost.

before they see the kingdom of God
The "kingdom of God" is a central theme in Jesus' teachings, representing God's sovereign rule and the fulfillment of His divine plan. In this context, "see" implies a spiritual or revelatory insight into God's kingdom. Theologically, this phrase can be understood as a promise that some of Jesus' contemporaries would witness the manifestation of God's kingdom in a new and powerful way, possibly through the aforementioned events. This promise reassures believers of the nearness and reality of God's kingdom, encouraging them to live in anticipation of its full realization.

About eight days after these words
This phrase sets the temporal context for the event that follows, linking it to the preceding teachings of Jesus. The "eight days" is significant in Jewish tradition, often associated with new beginnings and covenantal signs, such as circumcision on the eighth day. This timing suggests a transition from Jesus' teachings to a profound revelation of His divine nature. The phrase "after these words" connects this event to Jesus' prediction of His suffering and the call to discipleship, emphasizing the continuity of His mission and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

He took with Him Peter, John, and James
Jesus' choice of these three disciples—Peter, John, and James—indicates their special role within the inner circle of His followers. These three were present at other significant moments, such as the raising of Jairus' daughter and Jesus' agony in Gethsemane. Their selection underscores the importance of witness and testimony, as they would later become pillars of the early Church. The act of taking them "with Him" suggests an invitation into deeper understanding and experience of His divine nature.

and went up on a mountain to pray
Mountains in biblical narratives often symbolize places of divine encounter and revelation. The act of going "up on a mountain" signifies a movement towards God, a physical and spiritual ascent. Prayer is central to this event, highlighting Jesus' dependence on the Father and setting the stage for the transfiguration. This setting invites reflection on the importance of prayer as a means of communion with God and preparation for receiving His revelation.

As He was praying
This phrase highlights the importance of prayer in the life of Jesus. The Greek word for "praying" is "προσευχόμενος" (proseuchomenos), which indicates a continuous action. Jesus often withdrew to pray, demonstrating His dependence on the Father and setting an example for believers. Prayer is a vital spiritual discipline, a means of communion with God, and a source of strength and guidance. In the context of Luke 9, Jesus is about to be transfigured, and His prayerful state underscores the divine nature of the event.

the appearance of His face
The transformation of Jesus' face signifies a profound change, reflecting His divine glory. The Greek word for "appearance" is "εἶδος" (eidos), which can mean form or outward appearance. This transformation is reminiscent of Moses' face shining after encountering God on Mount Sinai (Exodus 34:29-35), yet it surpasses it, as Jesus is the Son of God. This change in appearance serves as a revelation of His divine identity to the disciples, affirming His messianic mission.

was altered
The Greek word used here is "ἕτερον" (heteron), meaning different or other. This alteration is not merely a change in expression but a transformation into a glorified state. It signifies the breaking through of Jesus' divine nature, offering a glimpse of His heavenly glory. This moment foreshadows the resurrection and the ultimate glorification of Christ, providing hope and assurance of the future transformation awaiting believers.

and His clothes
The mention of Jesus' clothes emphasizes the totality of the transformation. In biblical times, clothing often symbolized one's status or role. The transformation of His garments signifies the holiness and purity of Christ. It also reflects the heavenly reality, as described in Revelation 7:9, where the saints are clothed in white robes. This transformation of clothing underscores the divine nature of the event and the purity of Jesus.

became radiantly white
The Greek word for "radiantly" is "ἐξαστράπτων" (exastraptōn), meaning to flash like lightning. This description conveys the brilliance and intensity of the transformation. The whiteness of His clothes symbolizes purity, holiness, and divine glory. This imagery is consistent with other biblical descriptions of heavenly beings and the glorified Christ (Revelation 1:14). The radiance serves as a visual representation of Jesus' divine nature and the glory of God shining through Him.

Suddenly
The word "suddenly" indicates an unexpected and immediate occurrence. In the Greek, the term used is "ἰδού" (idou), which is often translated as "behold" or "lo." This word serves to draw the reader's attention to a significant event. The sudden appearance of Moses and Elijah underscores the divine nature of the Transfiguration, emphasizing that this is a moment of great importance and revelation. It reminds us that God's interventions in history often come unexpectedly, calling us to be vigilant and ready for His divine actions.

Two men
The phrase "two men" refers to Moses and Elijah, two of the most significant figures in the Old Testament. Their presence is symbolic, representing the Law and the Prophets, respectively. Moses, as the lawgiver, and Elijah, as the prophet, together encapsulate the entirety of the Old Testament witness to God's covenant and promises. Their appearance with Jesus signifies the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets in Him, affirming His messianic identity and mission.

Moses and Elijah
Moses and Elijah are central figures in Jewish history and theology. Moses, who led the Israelites out of Egypt and received the Law on Mount Sinai, represents the foundation of the Jewish faith. Elijah, a powerful prophet known for his miracles and confrontation with idolatry, represents the prophetic tradition. Their presence at the Transfiguration highlights Jesus as the culmination of both the Law and the Prophets. Historically, both figures had mysterious departures from this world—Moses was buried by God in an unknown location, and Elijah was taken up to heaven in a whirlwind. Their appearance here suggests continuity and fulfillment of God's redemptive plan through Jesus.

Began talking
The act of "began talking" indicates a conversation of significance. The Greek word "συνελάλουν" (synelaloun) implies a dialogue or discussion. This conversation between Jesus, Moses, and Elijah is not recorded in detail, but it is understood to concern Jesus' impending "departure" (Luke 9:31), which He was about to accomplish in Jerusalem. This dialogue signifies the heavenly endorsement of Jesus' mission and the divine plan of salvation, which was foretold by the Law and the Prophets.

With Jesus
The phrase "with Jesus" places Christ at the center of this divine encounter. Jesus is the focal point of the conversation, underscoring His preeminence and authority. The presence of Moses and Elijah with Jesus affirms His role as the Messiah who fulfills the Old Testament prophecies and covenants. This moment on the Mount of Transfiguration reveals Jesus' divine glory and His unique position as the mediator between God and humanity. It serves as a powerful testament to His identity as the Son of God, who bridges the old covenant with the new.

They appeared in glory
This phrase refers to Moses and Elijah, who appeared alongside Jesus during the Transfiguration. The Greek word for "glory" is "δόξα" (doxa), which signifies a divine radiance or splendor. In the biblical context, glory often represents the presence and majesty of God. The appearance of Moses and Elijah in glory underscores their heavenly status and the divine approval of Jesus' mission. Historically, Moses represents the Law, and Elijah represents the Prophets, both of which find their fulfillment in Christ. Their glorious appearance signifies the continuity and culmination of God's redemptive plan through Jesus.

and spoke about His departure
The term "departure" is translated from the Greek word "ἔξοδος" (exodos), which can also mean "exit" or "way out." This word is rich in biblical connotations, reminiscent of the Exodus from Egypt, where God delivered His people from bondage. Here, it refers to Jesus' impending death, resurrection, and ascension, which would accomplish the ultimate deliverance from sin and death. The discussion of His departure highlights the necessity and purpose of Jesus' sacrificial mission, aligning with God's sovereign plan for salvation.

which He was about to accomplish
The phrase "about to accomplish" indicates the certainty and imminence of Jesus' mission. The Greek word "πληρόω" (plēroō) means "to fulfill" or "to complete." This suggests that Jesus' departure was not a tragic end but a fulfillment of divine prophecy and purpose. It emphasizes Jesus' active role in willingly completing the work of redemption. Theologically, this underscores the concept of Jesus as the obedient Son who fulfills the Father's will, bringing to completion the promises of the Old Testament.

at Jerusalem
Jerusalem holds profound significance in biblical history as the city of David and the center of Jewish worship. It is the prophesied location where the Messiah would suffer and rise again. The mention of Jerusalem as the place of Jesus' departure ties His mission to the heart of Jewish expectation and prophecy. Historically, Jerusalem was the site of the Temple, the sacrificial system, and the festivals, all of which pointed to the coming Messiah. Jesus' death and resurrection in Jerusalem fulfill these typologies, establishing Him as the true Temple and ultimate sacrifice for sin. This geographical reference reinforces the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan in the very city that symbolizes His covenant with His people.

Peter and his companions
This phrase refers to Peter, James, and John, who were chosen by Jesus to witness the Transfiguration. The selection of these three disciples highlights their unique role among the Twelve Apostles. Peter, often seen as the leader, is frequently mentioned first in the Gospels. The Greek word for "companions" (συμπαραλαμβάνω) implies a close association, indicating the special bond and shared experiences among these disciples. Historically, these three were present at significant moments in Jesus' ministry, such as the raising of Jairus' daughter and Jesus' agony in Gethsemane, underscoring their importance in the early Church.

were heavy with sleep
This phrase suggests a state of drowsiness or fatigue, which is a recurring theme in the Gospels when the disciples are in the presence of divine revelation or intense spiritual experiences. The Greek word "βαρύς" (heavy) conveys a sense of burden or weight, possibly symbolizing the human struggle to remain spiritually vigilant. This moment of sleepiness can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual lethargy, reminding believers of the need to stay awake and alert to God's presence and action in their lives.

but when they became fully awake
The transition from sleep to wakefulness signifies a moment of spiritual clarity and awareness. The Greek verb "διαγρηγορέω" (to become fully awake) implies a sudden realization or enlightenment. This awakening allowed the disciples to witness the glory of Jesus' transfiguration, a pivotal moment that revealed His divine nature. In a broader spiritual context, this awakening can be seen as a call for Christians to be vigilant and receptive to God's revelations, emphasizing the importance of spiritual readiness.

they saw His glory
The term "glory" (δόξα) in Greek refers to the divine radiance and majesty of Jesus, which was momentarily unveiled to the disciples. This glimpse of Jesus' divine nature served to strengthen their faith and understanding of His true identity as the Son of God. The concept of glory is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, where it often signifies God's presence and power. For the disciples, witnessing Jesus' glory was a profound confirmation of His messianic mission and a foretaste of the resurrection.

and the two men standing with Him
The two men are identified as Moses and Elijah, representing the Law and the Prophets, respectively. Their presence alongside Jesus signifies the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies and the continuity of God's salvific plan. Moses and Elijah's appearance underscores Jesus' role as the culmination of the Law and the Prophets, affirming His authority and mission. This moment also highlights the unity of the Scriptures and the centrality of Christ in God's redemptive history.

As Moses and Elijah were leaving him
This phrase sets the scene for the Transfiguration, a pivotal moment in the New Testament. Moses and Elijah represent the Law and the Prophets, respectively, signifying the fulfillment of the Old Testament in Jesus. The Greek word for "leaving" (ἀποχωρέω) suggests a departure, indicating that their role was temporary and that Jesus' mission was now the focus. Historically, this moment underscores the transition from the old covenant to the new, with Jesus as the central figure.

Peter said to Jesus
Peter, often seen as the spokesperson for the disciples, addresses Jesus directly. This interaction highlights Peter's impulsive nature and his desire to act, even in moments of divine revelation. The Greek name "Πέτρος" (Petros) means "rock," symbolizing his foundational role in the early Church. Peter's response is a human reaction to a divine encounter, reflecting both awe and misunderstanding.

Master, it is good for us to be here
The term "Master" (ἐπιστάτης) is a title of respect and authority, acknowledging Jesus' leadership. Peter's declaration that "it is good" (καλόν) reflects a desire to remain in this moment of glory and divine presence. This phrase captures the human tendency to cling to spiritual highs and avoid the challenges of the mission ahead. It also echoes the Jewish tradition of building altars at significant spiritual sites.

Let us put up three shelters
The word "shelters" (σκηνάς) can also be translated as "tabernacles" or "booths," reminiscent of the Feast of Tabernacles, a Jewish festival celebrating God's provision and presence. Peter's suggestion to build shelters indicates a desire to commemorate and prolong the experience. This reflects a misunderstanding of the temporary nature of the vision and the need to return to the mission of spreading the Gospel.

one for You, one for Moses, and one for Elijah
By proposing three separate shelters, Peter inadvertently places Jesus on the same level as Moses and Elijah. This reflects a common misunderstanding of Jesus' unique divine status. Theologically, this moment emphasizes the supremacy of Christ over the Law and the Prophets. The presence of Moses and Elijah serves to affirm Jesus' messianic identity and the continuity of God's redemptive plan.

(He did not know what he was saying.)
This parenthetical note highlights Peter's confusion and lack of understanding. The Greek phrase (οὐκ εἰδὼς ὃ λέγει) suggests a lack of awareness or insight. This serves as a reminder of the disciples' human limitations and the need for divine revelation to fully comprehend Jesus' mission. It also foreshadows the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will guide the disciples into all truth.

While he was speaking
This phrase sets the scene for a divine interruption. The context is the Transfiguration, where Jesus is revealed in His glory. The Greek word for "speaking" is "λαλέω" (laleó), which means to talk or to utter words. This indicates an ongoing conversation, emphasizing the immediacy and continuity of the moment. The disciples are in the midst of a profound experience, and this interruption signifies the importance of what is about to occur. It reminds us that God often intervenes in our lives at unexpected times, calling us to pay attention to His divine presence and purpose.

a cloud appeared
The "cloud" is a significant biblical symbol, often representing the presence of God. In the Old Testament, a cloud led the Israelites by day (Exodus 13:21) and covered Mount Sinai when God gave the Law (Exodus 19:9). The Greek word "νεφέλη" (nephélē) is used here, which can denote a bright cloud, suggesting the Shekinah glory of God. This appearance signifies divine approval and the sacredness of the moment. It serves as a reminder of God's guidance and His mysterious, yet intimate, presence in the lives of His people.

and enveloped them
The cloud "enveloped" or "overshadowed" them, using the Greek word "ἐπισκιάζω" (episkiazó), which means to overshadow or to cast a shadow upon. This term is also used in the Annunciation to Mary (Luke 1:35), indicating a divine overshadowing that brings about a holy event. The enveloping of the disciples in the cloud signifies their inclusion in this divine revelation, marking them as witnesses to the glory of Christ. It is a powerful image of God's protective and encompassing presence, inviting believers to trust in His covering and guidance.

and they were afraid
The reaction of fear is a common human response to the divine presence, as seen throughout Scripture. The Greek word "φοβέω" (phobeó) means to fear or to be afraid. This fear is not merely terror but a reverent awe in the face of God's majesty. It reflects the disciples' recognition of the holiness and power of God. In a conservative Christian perspective, this fear is a reminder of the need for reverence and humility before God, acknowledging His greatness and our own limitations.

And a voice came from the cloud
The phrase "a voice came" signifies a divine communication, a theophany, where God directly intervenes in human affairs. The "cloud" is a significant biblical symbol representing God's presence and glory, reminiscent of the cloud that led the Israelites in the wilderness (Exodus 13:21). In the Greek, "voice" (φωνή, phōnē) emphasizes the authority and clarity of God's message. This divine voice underscores the importance of the revelation being given, marking a pivotal moment in the New Testament narrative.

saying, 'This is My Son
The declaration "This is My Son" is a profound affirmation of Jesus' divine sonship and messianic identity. The Greek word for "Son" (υἱός, huios) is used here to denote a unique relationship between Jesus and God the Father, echoing Psalm 2:7, a messianic psalm. This statement is a divine endorsement of Jesus' mission and authority, confirming His identity as the promised Messiah and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies.

whom I have chosen
The phrase "whom I have chosen" highlights God's sovereign election and approval of Jesus. The Greek term for "chosen" (ἐκλέγομαι, eklegomai) implies a deliberate and purposeful selection, underscoring Jesus' role as the chosen one to bring salvation to humanity. This echoes the concept of the "Servant of the Lord" in Isaiah 42:1, where God speaks of His chosen servant who will bring justice to the nations.

listen to Him!
The command "listen to Him" is an imperative that calls for obedience and attentiveness to Jesus' teachings. The Greek word for "listen" (ἀκούω, akouō) implies not just hearing, but understanding and acting upon what is heard. This directive places Jesus as the ultimate authority, whose words are to be heeded above all others. It reflects the Shema of Deuteronomy 6:4-5, where Israel is called to listen to and love the Lord with all their heart, soul, and strength. Here, God is directing the disciples, and by extension all believers, to focus on Jesus as the source of divine truth and guidance.

After the voice had spoken
This phrase marks the conclusion of a divine revelation. The "voice" refers to the voice of God, which had just declared Jesus as His chosen Son. In the Greek, the word for "voice" is "φωνή" (phonē), which can also mean sound or tone. This divine voice is reminiscent of God's voice at Jesus' baptism (Luke 3:22) and serves to affirm Jesus' identity and mission. Historically, such divine pronouncements were rare and significant, often marking pivotal moments in biblical narratives.

Jesus was found alone
The phrase emphasizes the return to normalcy after the extraordinary event of the Transfiguration. The Greek word for "alone" is "μόνος" (monos), indicating that the heavenly visitors, Moses and Elijah, had departed, leaving Jesus as the sole focus. This underscores the unique and singular role of Jesus in salvation history. Theologically, it highlights the sufficiency of Christ; He alone is the mediator between God and humanity.

And the disciples kept this to themselves
This phrase suggests a period of reflection and perhaps confusion among the disciples. The Greek verb "σιγάω" (sigaō) means to be silent or to hold one's peace. This silence could be due to the overwhelming nature of the experience or a divine instruction to withhold the revelation until the appropriate time. In a historical context, this reflects the Messianic Secret theme in the Gospels, where Jesus' full identity and mission were not to be revealed until after His resurrection.

and did not tell anyone at that time
The phrase indicates a deliberate choice to withhold information. The Greek phrase "ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις" (en ekeinais tais hēmerais) translates to "in those days," suggesting a specific period when the disciples refrained from sharing their experience. This silence can be seen as a period of preparation and maturation for the disciples, as they grappled with the implications of what they had witnessed. It also reflects the unfolding nature of divine revelation, which is often revealed progressively and in God's timing.

what they had seen
This final phrase refers to the vision of the Transfiguration, where Jesus' divine glory was revealed. The Greek word "ὁράω" (horaō) means to see or perceive, indicating not just a physical sight but a deeper spiritual insight. Theologically, this vision was a foretaste of the glory of the resurrected Christ and the coming Kingdom of God. It served to strengthen the disciples' faith, preparing them for the trials ahead and the eventual proclamation of the Gospel.

On the next day
This phrase indicates a transition from the previous events, specifically the Transfiguration of Jesus, which occurred on the mountain. The phrase "on the next day" suggests a return to the ordinary world from the extraordinary experience of divine revelation. It highlights the rhythm of spiritual highs followed by the return to daily life, a pattern often seen in the Christian journey. The Greek word for "day" here is "ἡμέρα" (hēmera), which can also imply a period of time or a significant moment, emphasizing the importance of what is to follow.

when they came down from the mountain
The mountain is often a place of divine encounter in Scripture, as seen with Moses on Mount Sinai. Coming down from the mountain signifies a return to the mission and ministry among the people. It is a reminder that spiritual experiences are meant to equip believers for service in the world. The Greek word "καταβαίνω" (katabainō) for "came down" suggests a deliberate descent, symbolizing the movement from divine presence to human need.

a large crowd met Him
The presence of a large crowd indicates Jesus' growing popularity and the people's eagerness to see Him. Crowds in the Gospels often represent the masses who are in need of teaching, healing, and guidance. The Greek word "ὄχλος" (ochlos) for "crowd" can imply a diverse group of people, highlighting the universal appeal and reach of Jesus' ministry. This meeting underscores the constant demand on Jesus' time and the pressing needs of humanity that He came to address.

Suddenly a man in the crowd called out
The word "suddenly" indicates an unexpected or urgent interruption, emphasizing the desperation and immediacy of the man's plea. In the Greek, the word used here is "ἰδού" (idou), often translated as "behold" or "look," which serves to draw attention to the man's urgent need. The setting is a crowd, a common scene in Jesus' ministry, highlighting the public nature of His works and the accessibility of Jesus to the common people. This reflects the historical context of Jesus' ministry, where He was often surrounded by those seeking healing and teaching.

Teacher
The term "Teacher" is translated from the Greek "Διδάσκαλε" (Didaskale), a title of respect and recognition of Jesus' authority in teaching. This acknowledges Jesus' role as a rabbi and a spiritual leader. In the Jewish tradition, a teacher was someone who imparted wisdom and understanding of the Scriptures, and this title shows the man's recognition of Jesus' authority and ability to help.

I beg You
The phrase "I beg You" conveys a deep sense of urgency and desperation. The Greek word "δέομαι" (deomai) is used here, which means to beseech or implore. This reflects the man's earnest plea for Jesus' intervention, highlighting his faith in Jesus' power to heal and his desperation as a father seeking help for his child.

to look at my son
The request "to look at my son" is more than a simple glance; it is a plea for Jesus' compassionate attention and healing power. The Greek word "ἐπιβλέπω" (epiblepo) means to look upon with care or concern. This reflects the father's belief that Jesus' mere attention could bring healing, underscoring the faith that many had in Jesus' miraculous abilities.

for he is my only child
The phrase "for he is my only child" adds a layer of emotional depth to the father's plea. The Greek word "μονογενής" (monogenes) is used, meaning "only begotten" or "unique." This highlights the father's vulnerability and the preciousness of his child, emphasizing the gravity of the situation. In the cultural and historical context, an only child would carry the family's future and legacy, making the father's plea even more poignant.

A spirit seizes him
The phrase "a spirit" refers to a demonic entity, which in the context of the New Testament, is understood as a malevolent force opposed to God. The Greek word for "spirit" here is "pneuma," which can mean breath or wind, but in this context, it signifies a supernatural being. The act of seizing indicates a forceful and involuntary possession, suggesting the power and control that the demonic spirit exerts over the boy. This reflects the spiritual warfare theme prevalent in the Gospels, where Jesus confronts and overcomes such forces.

and he suddenly screams
The suddenness of the scream highlights the violent and unpredictable nature of the demonic attack. The Greek word "krazo" is used for "screams," which implies a loud, piercing cry. This is not just a cry of fear or pain but a manifestation of the inner turmoil and chaos caused by the spirit. Historically, such manifestations were seen as signs of spiritual oppression, and the community would have recognized the need for divine intervention.

it throws him into convulsions
The phrase describes the physical impact of the spiritual affliction. The Greek word "sparasso" means to tear or mangle, indicating the violent physical reaction of the boy's body. This reflects the destructive intent of the demonic spirit, aiming to harm and degrade the image of God in humanity. In the broader scriptural context, such physical manifestations are often linked to spiritual bondage, requiring the liberating power of Christ.

so that he foams at the mouth
This detail underscores the severity of the boy's condition. Foaming at the mouth is a symptom often associated with epilepsy, but in this context, it is attributed to demonic influence. The physical symptoms serve to illustrate the comprehensive nature of the affliction, affecting both body and spirit. This would have been a distressing sight for the boy's family and community, emphasizing the need for Jesus' healing power.

It scarcely ever leaves him
The persistence of the spirit's presence indicates a chronic condition, suggesting that the boy's suffering is ongoing and relentless. The Greek word "mogis" means with difficulty or hardly, emphasizing the spirit's tenacity. This highlights the desperation of the situation and the inadequacy of human efforts to bring relief, pointing to the necessity of divine intervention.

and is destroying him
The ultimate aim of the demonic spirit is revealed in this phrase. The Greek word "suntribo" means to break or shatter, indicating the destructive impact on the boy's life. This aligns with the biblical understanding of Satan's mission to steal, kill, and destroy (John 10:10). The boy's plight serves as a poignant reminder of the brokenness of the world and the need for the redemptive work of Christ, who came to destroy the works of the devil (1 John 3:8).

I begged Your disciples to drive it out, but they were unable
I begged
The Greek word used here is "ἐδεήθην" (edeēthēn), which conveys a sense of earnest pleading or supplication. This word reflects the desperation and urgency of the father's request. In the context of the Gospels, it often denotes a deep, heartfelt appeal to Jesus or His followers for help. This plea underscores the father's faith in Jesus' power, even when faced with the disciples' inability to help. It reminds us of the importance of approaching God with humility and sincerity in our prayers, trusting in His ability to intervene in our lives.

Your disciples
The term "disciples" refers to the followers of Jesus, specifically the twelve apostles who were chosen and commissioned by Him. In the historical context, these men were given authority by Jesus to cast out demons and heal the sick (Luke 9:1-2). However, their inability in this instance highlights their human limitations and the necessity of faith and reliance on God's power. This serves as a reminder that even those closest to Jesus can struggle and fail, emphasizing the need for continual dependence on Christ.

to drive it out
The phrase "to drive it out" refers to the act of exorcism, the expulsion of a demon or evil spirit. The Greek word "ἐκβάλλω" (ekballō) is used, meaning to cast out or expel. This action was a significant part of Jesus' ministry, demonstrating His authority over the spiritual realm. The disciples' failure to perform this act in this instance points to a lack of faith or understanding, as Jesus later explains. It serves as a lesson on the necessity of spiritual preparedness and faith in God's power to overcome evil.

but they were unable
The phrase "they were unable" highlights the disciples' failure in this situation. The Greek word "ἠδυνήθησαν" (ēdynēthēsan) indicates a lack of power or ability. This failure is not due to a lack of authority, as Jesus had already given them power over demons, but rather a lack of faith or spiritual readiness. This moment serves as a teaching point for the disciples and for us, illustrating that spiritual authority and success in ministry are dependent on faith and reliance on God, not merely on human effort or past successes.

O unbelieving and perverse generation
This phrase begins with a direct address from Jesus, highlighting His frustration and disappointment. The Greek word for "unbelieving" is "ἄπιστος" (apistos), which denotes a lack of faith or trust. In the context of the Gospels, faith is a central theme, and Jesus often emphasizes its importance in receiving God's blessings and understanding His teachings. The term "perverse" comes from the Greek "διεστραμμένη" (diestrammenē), meaning twisted or distorted. Historically, this reflects the spiritual state of the people who, despite witnessing Jesus' miracles and teachings, still struggled with disbelief and moral corruption. This phrase echoes the Old Testament prophets who often rebuked Israel for their lack of faithfulness to God.

Jesus replied
This indicates a response from Jesus, suggesting that the statement is a reaction to a preceding event or question. In the context of Luke 9, Jesus is responding to the disciples' inability to cast out a demon from a boy. This highlights the importance of faith and spiritual readiness in the ministry of Jesus' followers. The authority of Jesus is underscored here, as He addresses the root of the problem directly.

How long must I remain with you and put up with you?
This rhetorical question expresses Jesus' exasperation. The Greek word for "remain" is "ἔσομαι" (esomai), which implies a sense of enduring or continuing presence. Jesus' earthly ministry was temporary, and this question underscores the urgency for His disciples and the people to grasp His teachings and grow in faith. The phrase "put up with" translates from "ἀνέξομαι" (anexomai), suggesting a sense of bearing or enduring something burdensome. This reflects the patience of Jesus, who, despite His frustration, continues to teach and guide His followers.

Bring your son here
This command demonstrates Jesus' willingness to act despite His frustration. The directive "bring" comes from the Greek "προσάγαγε" (prosagage), which means to lead or bring forward. It signifies Jesus' readiness to address the issue at hand directly. The phrase "your son" personalizes the situation, showing Jesus' compassion and attention to individual needs. This moment foreshadows the miracle that Jesus is about to perform, emphasizing His power and authority over evil and His deep compassion for those in distress.

Even while the boy was approaching
This phrase sets the scene for the immediacy and urgency of the situation. The Greek word for "approaching" (προσερχομένου) suggests a movement towards Jesus, indicating faith and hope in the power of Christ. The boy's approach symbolizes the act of coming to Jesus with our burdens, a theme prevalent throughout the Gospels. Historically, this reflects the desperation of those seeking Jesus' miraculous intervention, a common occurrence in the first-century context where medical solutions were limited.

the demon slammed him to the ground
The word "demon" (δαιμόνιον) in Greek refers to an evil spirit, often associated with chaos and destruction. The act of being "slammed" (ῥήξαν) to the ground illustrates the violent nature of demonic oppression. This phrase highlights the spiritual warfare present in the world, a concept deeply rooted in the biblical narrative. It serves as a reminder of the destructive power of evil and the need for divine intervention.

and threw him into a convulsion
The convulsion (σπαράσσω) indicates a physical manifestation of the spiritual battle within the boy. This reflects the holistic impact of spiritual affliction, affecting both body and soul. In the historical context, such symptoms would have been terrifying and beyond human remedy, emphasizing the need for a Savior. The convulsion also serves as a metaphor for the turmoil sin causes in our lives, from which only Christ can deliver us.

But Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit
The word "rebuked" (ἐπετίμησεν) signifies a strong command, demonstrating Jesus' authority over evil. The term "unclean spirit" (πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον) underscores the impurity and corruption associated with demonic forces. This phrase highlights Jesus' divine power and authority, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah who would conquer evil. It reassures believers of Christ's sovereignty and His ability to cleanse and restore.

healed the boy
The act of healing (ἰάσατο) signifies restoration and wholeness, a central theme in Jesus' ministry. This healing is not just physical but also spiritual, symbolizing the comprehensive salvation Jesus offers. In the historical context, such miracles authenticated Jesus' divine mission and drew people to His teachings. It serves as a reminder of the hope and restoration available through faith in Christ.

and gave him back to his father
This phrase emphasizes restoration of relationships and the return to community, a significant aspect of Jesus' healing ministry. The act of giving the boy back (ἀπέδωκεν) to his father symbolizes reconciliation and the restoration of familial bonds, reflecting God's desire for unity and peace. It also prefigures the ultimate reconciliation between God and humanity through Christ's redemptive work.

And they were all amazed
The phrase "amazed" comes from the Greek word "ἐξεπλήσσοντο" (exeplēssonto), which conveys a sense of being struck with astonishment or awe. This reaction is not merely a casual surprise but a profound, overwhelming sense of wonder. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this amazement often follows His miraculous works, which reveal His divine authority and power. The people's amazement underscores the extraordinary nature of Jesus' actions and teachings, which consistently defy human expectations and point to the divine.

at the greatness of God
The "greatness" here is translated from the Greek word "μεγαλειότητι" (megaleiotēti), which refers to majesty, magnificence, or grandeur. This term is often used in Scripture to describe the splendor and power of God, emphasizing His supreme authority and the awe-inspiring nature of His works. The context of this passage highlights that the miracles performed by Jesus are a direct manifestation of God's greatness, serving as a testament to His divine nature and the fulfillment of His redemptive plan through Christ.

While everyone was marveling
The word "marveling" is derived from the Greek "θαυμάζοντος" (thaumazontos), which means to wonder or be in awe. This reaction is a common response to Jesus' miracles throughout the Gospels, reflecting the people's recognition of something beyond the ordinary. The continuous marveling of the crowd indicates that Jesus' works were not only miraculous but also consistently pointed to a deeper spiritual truth, inviting those who witnessed them to consider the divine source of His power.

at all that Jesus was doing
The phrase "all that Jesus was doing" encompasses the entirety of His ministry, including His teachings, healings, and miracles. Each act performed by Jesus serves a dual purpose: meeting immediate physical needs and revealing spiritual truths about the Kingdom of God. The comprehensive nature of His works demonstrates His authority over both the natural and spiritual realms, affirming His identity as the Messiah and the Son of God.

He said to His disciples
This transition marks a shift from the public amazement to a private teaching moment with His disciples. Jesus often used such moments to impart deeper spiritual insights and prepare His followers for the challenges ahead. The intimate setting underscores the importance of the message He is about to convey, highlighting the distinction between the crowd's external amazement and the disciples' need for internal understanding and growth in faith.

Let these words sink into your ears
This phrase is a call to deep attention and understanding. The Greek word for "sink" is "τίθημι" (tithēmi), which means to place or set. Jesus is urging His disciples to internalize His message, not just hear it superficially. In the historical context, rabbis often used similar expressions to emphasize the importance of their teachings. This phrase underscores the gravity of what Jesus is about to reveal, urging His followers to meditate and reflect deeply on His words.

The Son of Man
This title, "ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου" (ho huios tou anthrōpou), is one Jesus frequently uses for Himself. It has roots in Daniel 7:13-14, where the "Son of Man" is a messianic figure with authority and dominion. By using this title, Jesus is identifying Himself with the prophesied Messiah, emphasizing both His humanity and His divine mission. This duality is central to understanding Jesus' role in salvation history.

is about to be delivered
The phrase "παραδίδοται" (paradidotai) means to be handed over or betrayed. This foreshadows the events of Jesus' passion, where He will be betrayed by Judas Iscariot. The passive voice indicates divine sovereignty; while human agents are involved, it is ultimately part of God's redemptive plan. This highlights the paradox of the cross: an act of betrayal becomes the means of salvation.

into the hands of men
The "hands of men" signifies human authority and power, often used in Scripture to denote control or judgment. In this context, it refers to the religious leaders and Roman authorities who will judge and crucify Jesus. Historically, this phrase underscores the tension between divine purpose and human action. Despite being subjected to human judgment, Jesus' submission is voluntary and purposeful, fulfilling the prophecies and God's plan for redemption.

But they did not understand this statement
The phrase "But they did not understand" highlights the disciples' lack of comprehension regarding Jesus' message. The Greek word for "understand" is "syniēmi," which means to bring together or to comprehend. This suggests a deeper level of understanding that goes beyond mere hearing. The disciples' inability to grasp Jesus' words reflects a common theme in the Gospels where spiritual truths are often misunderstood by those closest to Jesus. This lack of understanding can be seen as a reminder of the human tendency to miss spiritual insights without divine revelation.

It was veiled from them
The term "veiled" comes from the Greek word "parakalyptō," meaning to cover or hide. This indicates that the truth was intentionally concealed from the disciples at this time. Theologically, this can be understood as part of God's sovereign plan, where certain truths are revealed progressively. The veiling of understanding serves to highlight the mystery of God's kingdom and the necessity of divine revelation for true comprehension. Historically, this reflects the Jewish expectation of a Messiah who would be a political liberator, contrasting with Jesus' mission of spiritual salvation.

so that they could not comprehend it
The phrase "so that they could not comprehend it" underscores the divine purpose behind the disciples' lack of understanding. The Greek word for "comprehend" is "aisthanomai," which implies perception or discernment. This suggests that their inability to grasp the message was not merely intellectual but also spiritual. This aligns with the biblical theme that spiritual truths require spiritual discernment, which is granted by the Holy Spirit. Theologically, this serves as a reminder of human dependence on God for understanding His purposes.

and they were afraid to ask Him about it
The phrase "and they were afraid to ask Him" reveals the disciples' fear and hesitation. The Greek word for "afraid" is "phobeō," which can mean to fear or to be in awe. This fear may have stemmed from a reverence for Jesus or a fear of exposing their ignorance. Historically, this reflects the cultural context where disciples were expected to learn from their rabbi without questioning. Scripturally, this fear can be seen as a barrier to deeper understanding, highlighting the importance of approaching God with humility and a willingness to seek clarity. This serves as an encouragement for believers to overcome fear and seek understanding through prayer and study.

An argument started
The Greek word for "argument" here is "dialogismos," which can imply a reasoning or debate, often with a negative connotation of dispute or contention. This suggests that the disciples were not merely discussing but were engaged in a contentious debate. Historically, this reflects the human tendency towards pride and self-promotion, even among those closest to Jesus. It serves as a reminder of the ever-present struggle against the flesh and the need for humility.

among the disciples
The term "disciples" refers to the twelve apostles, the inner circle of Jesus' followers. These were men chosen by Christ to learn from Him and carry forward His mission. The fact that such a dispute arose among them highlights the reality that even those who walk closely with Jesus are not immune to human weaknesses. It underscores the importance of continual spiritual growth and reliance on the Holy Spirit to overcome personal ambitions.

as to which of them
This phrase indicates a comparison and competition among the disciples. The Greek word "tis" (which) suggests an individual focus, pointing to the personal nature of their ambitions. This reflects a common human desire for recognition and status, which can often lead to division and strife within communities, even those founded on spiritual principles.

would be the greatest
The word "greatest" is translated from the Greek "meizon," which means greater or more important. In the cultural and historical context of the time, greatness was often associated with power, authority, and social status. However, Jesus consistently taught that true greatness in the Kingdom of God is measured by humility, service, and love. This verse sets the stage for Jesus' teaching that follows, where He redefines greatness in terms of servanthood and childlike humility.

But Jesus
This phrase introduces the central figure of the narrative, Jesus Christ, who is the Son of God and the Messiah. The Greek name "Ἰησοῦς" (Iēsous) is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This highlights Jesus' divine mission to bring salvation to humanity. In the context of this passage, Jesus is portrayed as the omniscient teacher, aware of the inner thoughts and intentions of those around Him, emphasizing His divine nature and authority.

knowing the thoughts
The Greek word for "knowing" is "εἰδώς" (eidōs), which implies a deep, intuitive understanding. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but penetrates to the core of human intentions and desires. The phrase underscores Jesus' divine omniscience, as He perceives the unspoken thoughts of His disciples. This ability to discern thoughts is a testament to His divine insight and wisdom, setting Him apart from ordinary human teachers.

of their hearts
The term "hearts" in Greek is "καρδία" (kardia), which in biblical terms often refers to the center of human emotion, will, and intellect. It is the seat of moral and spiritual life. In this context, the "hearts" of the disciples are being scrutinized by Jesus, revealing their inner motivations and desires. This examination of the heart is a recurring theme in Scripture, where God looks beyond outward appearances to the true nature of a person.

had a little child
The Greek word for "child" is "παιδίον" (paidion), which refers to a young child or infant. In the cultural and historical context of the time, children were considered low in social status and without power or influence. By choosing a child, Jesus is making a profound statement about the values of the Kingdom of God, where humility and innocence are exalted over ambition and status.

stand beside Him
The act of having the child stand beside Jesus is symbolic. The Greek word "παραστήσας" (parastēsas) means to place or set beside. This gesture is a visual representation of the teaching Jesus is about to impart. By placing the child beside Him, Jesus is elevating the child's status and using this moment to teach His disciples about the nature of true greatness in the Kingdom of God. It is a call to embrace humility and to serve others, reflecting the values that Jesus Himself embodied.

Then He said to them
This phrase introduces the words of Jesus, emphasizing His role as a teacher and leader. In the context of Luke 9, Jesus is addressing His disciples, who are often in need of correction and instruction. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is a common term used in the New Testament to denote authoritative speech. This highlights the importance of Jesus' words as divine instruction.

Whoever welcomes this little child
The act of welcoming, or "δέχεται" (dechetai) in Greek, implies more than mere acceptance; it suggests hospitality, care, and recognition of value. In the cultural context of the time, children were often seen as insignificant. By using a child as an example, Jesus is teaching His disciples to value humility and innocence. The "little child" symbolizes those who are vulnerable and dependent, reminding believers to embrace humility and service.

in My name
The phrase "in My name" signifies acting with the authority and character of Jesus. The Greek "ὄνομα" (onoma) means more than just a label; it represents the essence and reputation of a person. In biblical terms, doing something in Jesus' name means aligning one's actions with His will and purpose. This underscores the importance of living a life that reflects Christ's teachings and character.

welcomes Me
To welcome Jesus is to accept His presence and authority in one's life. The repetition of the word "welcomes" (δέχεται) emphasizes the reciprocal nature of this relationship. By welcoming those whom society deems insignificant, believers are, in essence, welcoming Christ Himself. This reflects the biblical principle that how we treat others is a reflection of our relationship with God.

and whoever welcomes Me
This phrase reiterates the connection between welcoming others and welcoming Christ. It serves as a reminder that our actions towards others are a direct reflection of our acceptance of Jesus. The repetition reinforces the importance of this teaching and encourages believers to see Christ in everyone they encounter.

welcomes the One who sent Me
Here, Jesus links Himself to the Father, "the One who sent Me." The Greek word "πέμψαντά" (pempsanta) indicates a mission or purpose. This highlights the divine mission of Jesus and the unity between the Father and the Son. By welcoming Jesus, believers are also embracing God the Father, acknowledging the divine authority and purpose behind Jesus' ministry.

For it is the one who is least among you all
The phrase "least among you all" challenges societal norms that prioritize status and power. The Greek word "μικρότερος" (mikroteros) means smaller or lesser, emphasizing humility and servitude. Jesus is teaching that true greatness in the Kingdom of God is measured by one's willingness to serve and humble oneself, contrary to worldly standards.

who is greatest
This concluding phrase turns worldly values upside down, asserting that true greatness is found in humility and service. The Greek word "μέγας" (megas) means great or important, but Jesus redefines greatness as being rooted in humility and selflessness. This teaching encourages believers to seek greatness through serving others, following the example of Christ Himself.

Master
The term "Master" here is translated from the Greek word "epistates," which denotes a person of authority or a teacher. In the context of the Gospels, it reflects the disciples' recognition of Jesus' authority and leadership. This acknowledgment is crucial as it sets the stage for understanding the disciples' relationship with Jesus, one of respect and submission to His divine authority.

said John
John, one of the sons of Zebedee, is often depicted as the beloved disciple. His mention here is significant because it shows his concern for the integrity of Jesus' ministry. John's character is often associated with zeal and passion, which can sometimes lead to exclusivity, as seen in this passage. This moment reflects a learning opportunity for John and the other disciples about the inclusivity of Jesus' mission.

we saw someone
The phrase "we saw someone" indicates an observation made by the disciples. It suggests a sense of vigilance and awareness of the activities surrounding Jesus' ministry. This observation is crucial as it highlights the disciples' role as witnesses to the works being done in Jesus' name, even by those outside their immediate group.

driving out demons
The act of "driving out demons" is a significant demonstration of spiritual authority and power. In the Jewish context, exorcism was a recognized practice, and the ability to cast out demons was seen as a sign of divine authority. This phrase underscores the power inherent in Jesus' name and the spiritual warfare that is a recurring theme in the Gospels.

in Your name
The phrase "in Your name" is pivotal as it signifies the authority and power of Jesus' name. In the ancient world, a name was more than a label; it represented the essence and authority of a person. The use of Jesus' name in exorcism indicates the recognition of His divine power and the belief in His authority over evil spirits.

and we tried to stop him
This phrase reveals the disciples' initial reaction to the outsider's actions. Their attempt to stop him reflects a misunderstanding of the scope of Jesus' mission. It highlights a common human tendency to create boundaries and exclusivity, even in spiritual matters. This moment serves as a teaching point for the disciples about the broader reach of God's work.

because he does not accompany us
The concern that "he does not accompany us" points to the disciples' sense of group identity and belonging. It reflects an early form of ecclesiastical exclusivity, where the disciples believed that only those within their immediate circle could legitimately perform works in Jesus' name. This phrase challenges readers to consider the inclusivity of God's kingdom and the diverse ways God can work through different people.

Do not stop him
In this phrase, Jesus is addressing His disciples who had encountered someone casting out demons in His name but was not part of their immediate group. The Greek word for "stop" is "kōlyō," which means to hinder or prevent. This instruction from Jesus emphasizes the importance of unity and cooperation among believers, even if they are not part of the same immediate circle. It reflects a broader understanding of the Kingdom of God, where the focus is on the mission rather than on exclusivity or control. Historically, this can be seen as a call to embrace those who work for the same cause, even if they do so in different ways or from different backgrounds.

Jesus replied
The authority of Jesus is central here. His response is not just a casual suggestion but a directive from the Son of God. In the context of the Gospel of Luke, Jesus often uses His replies to teach profound truths about the Kingdom of God. His words carry weight and are meant to guide the disciples in their understanding of what it means to follow Him. The historical context of Jesus' ministry was one of diverse groups and sects within Judaism, and His teachings often challenged the boundaries and divisions that existed.

for whoever is not against you
This phrase highlights a principle of inclusivity and acceptance. The Greek word for "against" is "katá," which implies opposition or hostility. Jesus is teaching that those who are not actively opposing the disciples' mission should be considered allies. This is a call to recognize the broader work of God beyond one's immediate group. In a historical context, this would have been a radical idea, as Jewish society at the time was marked by significant sectarian divisions. Jesus' teaching here encourages a focus on common goals and shared faith rather than on differences.

is for you
The phrase "is for you" underscores the idea of support and alignment. The Greek word "huper" means on behalf of or in favor of. Jesus is affirming that those who are not opposing the disciples are, in fact, supporting them, even if indirectly. This teaching encourages believers to see the bigger picture of God's work in the world and to recognize allies in unexpected places. It is a call to unity and cooperation in the mission of spreading the Gospel. Historically, this would have been a message of hope and encouragement to the early Christian community, which often faced opposition and needed to find strength in unity.

As the day of His ascension approached
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the Gospel of Luke, indicating a shift in Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "ascension" is "ἀναλήψεως" (analēpseōs), which means "taking up" or "ascension." This term not only refers to Jesus' physical ascension into heaven but also signifies the culmination of His earthly mission. Historically, this moment is a turning point where Jesus begins His final journey to Jerusalem, fully aware of the suffering and sacrifice that await Him. The phrase underscores the divine timetable and the fulfillment of prophecy, as Jesus' ascension is a key event in God's redemptive plan.

Jesus resolutely set out
The Greek word for "resolutely" is "ἐστήρισεν" (estērisen), which conveys a sense of steadfastness and determination. This word choice highlights Jesus' unwavering commitment to His mission, despite knowing the trials and crucifixion that lie ahead. It reflects His obedience to the Father's will and His love for humanity. The phrase "set out" indicates a deliberate and purposeful action, emphasizing that Jesus' journey to Jerusalem was not accidental but a fulfillment of His divine purpose. This determination serves as an inspirational model for believers, encouraging them to pursue God's will with courage and resolve.

for Jerusalem
Jerusalem holds profound significance in biblical history and prophecy. It is the city where the temple stood, the center of Jewish worship, and the place where many prophets were martyred. In the context of Jesus' ministry, Jerusalem is the city where He will face His crucifixion, resurrection, and ultimately, His ascension. The mention of Jerusalem here is laden with theological meaning, as it represents both the rejection and redemption of God's people. Jesus' journey to Jerusalem is a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and a testament to His role as the Messiah. For believers, Jerusalem symbolizes the place of sacrifice and salvation, where Jesus' love and obedience to the Father are most profoundly demonstrated.

He sent messengers on ahead of Him
The phrase "He sent" indicates a deliberate action by Jesus, emphasizing His role as a leader and orchestrator of His mission. The Greek word for "sent" is "ἀπέστειλεν" (apesteilen), which is related to the term "apostle," meaning one who is sent with a purpose. This highlights the intentionality and authority with which Jesus operates. The "messengers" (Greek: ἄγγελοι, angeloi) are not just mere travelers but are entrusted with a divine mission, reflecting the role of believers as emissaries of Christ's message. The act of sending them "on ahead" signifies preparation and forethought, underscoring the importance of paving the way for the Gospel.

They went into a Samaritan village
The journey "into a Samaritan village" is significant, as it reflects Jesus' boundary-breaking ministry. Samaritans and Jews had a long-standing animosity, rooted in historical and religious differences. The Samaritans were descendants of Israelites who had intermarried with foreigners, and they worshiped God differently, which led to mutual disdain. By choosing to enter a Samaritan village, Jesus demonstrates His mission to reach beyond cultural and ethnic barriers, embodying the inclusive nature of the Gospel. This act foreshadows the later expansion of the Christian mission to all nations, as seen in Acts.

to make arrangements for Him
The purpose "to make arrangements for Him" suggests logistical preparation, but it also carries a deeper spiritual implication. The Greek word "ἑτοιμάσαι" (hetoimasai) means to prepare or make ready. This preparation is not just physical but also spiritual, as it involves preparing hearts to receive Jesus. The messengers' task is akin to that of John the Baptist, who prepared the way for the Lord. This phrase invites believers to consider their role in preparing the way for Christ in their own communities, ensuring that hearts are ready to receive His message of salvation.

But the people
This phrase introduces the Samaritans, a group often at odds with the Jews due to historical and religious tensions. The Samaritans were descendants of Israelites who had intermarried with foreigners brought in by the Assyrians. This mixed heritage led to a distinct religious identity, which included worship on Mount Gerizim rather than in Jerusalem. Understanding this background is crucial, as it sets the stage for the animosity and rejection Jesus and His disciples face in this passage.

did not receive Him
The Greek word for "receive" here is "δέχομαι" (dechomai), which implies not just a physical acceptance but a welcoming or embracing of someone. The Samaritans' refusal to receive Jesus is significant, as it highlights their rejection of His mission and message. This rejection is not merely a personal affront but a spiritual one, as they are turning away from the Messiah Himself. Historically, this reflects the deep-seated division between Jews and Samaritans, which was both cultural and theological.

because His face
The phrase "His face" is a Hebraic expression indicating intention or purpose. In the context of the Gospels, the "face" of Jesus often symbolizes His resolve and determination to fulfill His mission. Here, it underscores His unwavering commitment to His journey toward Jerusalem, where His ultimate sacrifice would take place. This determination is a central theme in the Gospel of Luke, emphasizing Jesus' obedience to the Father's will.

was set toward Jerusalem
The Greek word for "set" is "στήριζω" (sterizo), meaning to establish or fix firmly. This word choice conveys Jesus' resolute determination to go to Jerusalem, despite knowing the suffering and death that awaited Him there. Jerusalem is not just a geographical location but the focal point of God's redemptive plan. It is where the prophets were martyred, and where Jesus, the ultimate Prophet, Priest, and King, would accomplish His salvific work. This phrase encapsulates the heart of the Gospel message: Jesus' willing journey to the cross for the salvation of humanity.

When the disciples James and John saw this
This phrase introduces us to the context of the verse, where James and John, two of Jesus' closest disciples, are reacting to a situation. The Greek word for "disciples" (μαθηταί) indicates learners or followers, emphasizing their role as students of Jesus. James and John, often referred to as the "Sons of Thunder" (Mark 3:17), are known for their zealous and passionate nature. Their reaction is a reflection of their fervent desire to defend Jesus' honor, a trait that can be both commendable and in need of guidance. Historically, these disciples were part of Jesus' inner circle, witnessing key events such as the Transfiguration, which may have heightened their sense of responsibility and urgency in protecting Jesus.

they asked, 'Lord, do You want us to call down fire from heaven to consume them?'
The phrase "they asked" indicates a request for permission, showing that despite their zeal, James and John recognized Jesus' authority. The Greek word for "Lord" (Κύριε) is a title of respect and acknowledgment of Jesus' divine authority. Their question reflects a misunderstanding of Jesus' mission, as they recall the prophet Elijah, who called down fire from heaven (2 Kings 1:10-12). This historical context shows their desire to emulate the Old Testament prophet, but it also highlights a common human tendency to resort to judgment rather than mercy. The phrase "call down fire from heaven" symbolizes divine judgment and power, yet Jesus' mission was one of salvation and grace, not destruction. This moment serves as a teaching opportunity for Jesus to redirect their understanding of His kingdom, which is not about earthly power or retribution but about love and redemption.

to consume them?
The word "consume" (ἀναλώσαι) in Greek implies complete destruction. James and John's suggestion reveals their misunderstanding of Jesus' message of love and forgiveness. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus consistently teaches about loving one's enemies and turning the other cheek (Matthew 5:39, 44). This moment is pivotal in illustrating the contrast between human inclination towards vengeance and Jesus' call to compassion. The disciples' reaction is a reminder of the ongoing transformation required in the hearts of believers, as they learn to align their desires with the heart of Christ. This verse challenges Christians to examine their own responses to opposition and to choose the path of grace over judgment, reflecting the transformative power of the Gospel.

But Jesus turned and rebuked them
But Jesus
The phrase "But Jesus" introduces a pivotal moment in the narrative, highlighting the contrast between human inclination and divine wisdom. The Greek name "Iēsous" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This emphasizes Jesus' role as the Savior, who consistently redirects His followers from worldly reactions to spiritual truths. In the context of Luke 9, Jesus is on His way to Jerusalem, fully aware of His impending crucifixion, yet His focus remains on teaching His disciples the principles of His kingdom.

turned
The word "turned" is translated from the Greek "strepho," which means to turn around or to change direction. This physical act of turning signifies Jesus' intentional engagement with His disciples. It is a moment of direct confrontation, where Jesus shifts the focus from the disciples' misguided zeal to His corrective teaching. This turning is not just physical but also metaphorical, as Jesus seeks to turn their hearts and minds towards a deeper understanding of His mission.

and rebuked them
The phrase "and rebuked them" comes from the Greek "epitimao," which means to censure or admonish. This rebuke is not out of anger but out of love and correction. Jesus' rebuke is a teaching moment, emphasizing the importance of mercy over judgment. In the historical context, the disciples had just witnessed the rejection of Jesus by a Samaritan village and, in their zeal, suggested calling down fire from heaven. Jesus' rebuke serves to remind them that His mission is not one of destruction but of salvation and grace. This aligns with the broader scriptural narrative that God desires mercy and not sacrifice, as seen throughout the Old and New Testaments.

And they went
This phrase indicates a transition and movement, both physically and spiritually. The Greek word for "went" is "poreuomai," which often implies a journey with purpose or mission. In the context of Jesus and His disciples, this movement is not just geographical but also a continuation of their divine mission. It reflects the itinerant nature of Jesus' ministry, emphasizing His commitment to spreading the Gospel. Historically, this movement from place to place was essential for the dissemination of Jesus' teachings, as it allowed Him to reach diverse groups of people.

on to another village
The phrase "another village" signifies the inclusivity and expansiveness of Jesus' mission. The Greek word for "village" is "kōmē," which refers to a small settlement or community. This highlights Jesus' approach of reaching out to smaller, perhaps less significant places, showing that His message was for everyone, not just the urban or elite. In a historical context, villages were often overlooked in favor of larger cities, but Jesus' attention to them underscores the universal nature of His ministry. This movement to "another village" also symbolizes the rejection Jesus faced in the previous village, as noted in the preceding verses, and His response of grace and perseverance. It serves as an inspirational reminder that when faced with rejection or obstacles, the mission continues, and there are always new opportunities to share the Gospel.

As they were walking along the road
This phrase sets the scene for the encounter, emphasizing the itinerant nature of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "walking" (πορεύομαι, poreuomai) implies a journey with purpose. Jesus and His disciples were not stationary; they were actively moving towards their mission. This reflects the Christian life as a journey, a pilgrimage towards spiritual maturity and the fulfillment of God's purpose. Historically, roads in ancient Palestine were often dusty and challenging, symbolizing the hardships and perseverance required in following Christ.

someone said to Him
The anonymity of "someone" suggests that this could be any person, representing the universal call to discipleship. The Greek term for "said" (εἶπεν, eipen) is a common verb used in the New Testament, indicating a direct communication. This interaction highlights the personal nature of the call to follow Jesus. It is an individual decision, a personal response to the divine invitation.

“I will follow You
The declaration "I will follow You" is a bold commitment. The Greek word for "follow" (ἀκολουθέω, akoloutheō) means to accompany or to be a disciple. It implies more than just physical following; it denotes a commitment to adopt the teachings and lifestyle of the leader. In the historical context, following a rabbi meant leaving behind one's previous life and fully embracing the rabbi's way of life. This phrase challenges believers to consider the depth of their commitment to Christ.

wherever You go.”
The phrase "wherever You go" signifies an unconditional commitment. The Greek word for "wherever" (ὅπου, hopou) indicates an openness to any destination or circumstance. This reflects the call to trust in God's plan, even when the path is uncertain. Historically, Jesus' journey often led to places of rejection and suffering, foreshadowing the cost of discipleship. This phrase invites believers to surrender their own plans and desires, trusting in the divine guidance of Jesus, no matter where it may lead.

Jesus replied
This phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His role as a teacher and leader. The Greek word for "replied" is "ἀποκρίνομαι" (apokrinomai), which means to answer or respond. This highlights Jesus' active engagement with those around Him, providing wisdom and insight. In the context of His ministry, Jesus often used replies to challenge, teach, and reveal deeper truths about the Kingdom of God.

Foxes have dens
The mention of "foxes" in this context is significant. In the ancient Near East, foxes were often seen as cunning and resourceful animals. The Greek word "ἀλώπεκες" (alōpekes) refers to these creatures. The "dens" or "holes" (φωλεοὶ, phōleoi) symbolize a place of security and rest. Jesus uses this imagery to contrast the natural provision for animals with His own lack of earthly security, emphasizing His commitment to His mission over personal comfort.

and birds of the air have nests
"Birds of the air" refers to the creatures of the sky, highlighting the natural order and provision found in creation. The Greek word "πετεινὰ" (peteina) is used for birds, and "κατασκηνώσεις" (kataskeinosis) for nests, indicating a place of rest and safety. This phrase further illustrates the contrast between the natural world, where even birds have a place to rest, and the life of Jesus, who willingly forgoes such comforts for the sake of His divine mission.

but the Son of Man
The title "Son of Man" is a significant messianic term that Jesus frequently uses to refer to Himself. It has roots in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Daniel (Daniel 7:13-14), where it denotes a figure with authority and dominion. In Greek, "υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου" (huios tou anthrōpou) emphasizes both Jesus' humanity and His divine authority. This title underscores His role as the representative of humanity and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

has no place to lay His head
This phrase poignantly captures the sacrificial nature of Jesus' earthly ministry. The Greek "οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ" (ouk echei pou tēn kephalēn klinē) conveys a sense of homelessness and lack of worldly security. It reflects Jesus' total dedication to His mission, prioritizing the spiritual over the material. This statement serves as a powerful reminder of the cost of discipleship and the call to follow Jesus with a similar commitment, trusting in God's provision and purpose.

He said to another man
In this passage, Jesus is the one speaking, and His words are directed to an individual He encounters. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is a common term used in the New Testament to denote speaking or declaring. This highlights the authoritative and intentional nature of Jesus' call. The phrase "another man" indicates that Jesus' call to discipleship is personal and specific, yet it is also universal, as it applies to all who would follow Him. Historically, Jesus' ministry involved direct interactions with individuals, emphasizing the personal relationship He seeks with each believer.

Follow Me
The command "Follow Me" is central to the call of discipleship. The Greek word for "follow" is "ἀκολούθει" (akolouthei), which implies not just physical following but also a commitment to adhere to Jesus' teachings and way of life. This call is radical, requiring the individual to prioritize Jesus above all else. In the historical context of first-century Judea, following a rabbi meant leaving behind one's previous life and fully dedicating oneself to the rabbi's teachings. Jesus' call is even more profound, as it demands a complete transformation and alignment with His mission.

But he replied
The response of the man is introduced with "But he replied," indicating a hesitation or condition to the call. The Greek word "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used again here, showing the man's verbal response to Jesus' command. This sets the stage for a common human reaction to divine calling—hesitation or the desire to negotiate terms. It reflects the struggle between earthly responsibilities and the call to follow Christ wholeheartedly.

Lord, first let me go and bury my father
The man's request, "first let me go and bury my father," reveals a cultural and familial obligation that was significant in Jewish society. The act of burying one's father was a sacred duty, rooted in the commandment to honor one's parents (Exodus 20:12). The Greek word for "bury" is "θάψαι" (thapsai), which underscores the importance of this duty. However, Jesus' call to follow Him supersedes even the most sacred of earthly obligations. This highlights the radical nature of discipleship, where allegiance to Christ must take precedence over all other commitments. Historically, this would have been a challenging teaching, as family ties and duties were deeply ingrained in the social fabric of the time. Jesus' response, which follows in the subsequent verses, emphasizes the urgency and priority of the Kingdom of God over traditional customs and personal obligations.

But Jesus told him
This phrase introduces the direct words of Jesus, emphasizing His authority and the importance of His teachings. In the Greek, the word for "told" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is often used to denote a significant or authoritative statement. Jesus' words are not mere suggestions but carry the weight of divine instruction. This sets the stage for a teaching moment that challenges conventional priorities and calls for radical discipleship.

Let the dead
The phrase "the dead" here is translated from the Greek word "νεκρούς" (nekrous), which can refer to both physical and spiritual death. In this context, Jesus is likely referring to those who are spiritually dead, those who have not embraced the life-giving message of the Gospel. This highlights the distinction between those who are alive in Christ and those who are not, underscoring the urgency of spiritual matters over earthly concerns.

bury their own dead
The repetition of "dead" in this phrase serves to emphasize the contrast between the spiritually dead and the living followers of Christ. The act of burying the dead was a significant cultural and religious duty in Jewish society, often seen as a sacred obligation. However, Jesus is challenging His followers to prioritize the Kingdom of God above even the most sacred of earthly duties. This radical call to discipleship requires a reordering of priorities, where following Jesus takes precedence over all else.

But you
This phrase marks a direct and personal address, indicating a shift in focus from the general to the specific. Jesus is speaking directly to the individual, calling for a personal response. The Greek word "σὺ" (sy) is emphatic, highlighting the personal responsibility and decision required in following Christ. It serves as a reminder that discipleship is a personal journey that demands individual commitment.

go and proclaim
The command to "go and proclaim" is an imperative, indicating an urgent and active mission. The Greek word for "proclaim" is "διακήρυξον" (diakēryxon), which means to announce or herald. This is not a passive suggestion but a call to active engagement in spreading the Gospel. It underscores the missionary nature of the Christian life, where believers are called to be active participants in the Great Commission.

the kingdom of God
The "kingdom of God" is a central theme in Jesus' teachings, representing God's sovereign rule and reign. In the Greek, "βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ" (basileian tou Theou) conveys both a present reality and a future hope. It is a call to live under God's authority and to work towards the realization of His kingdom on earth. This phrase encapsulates the ultimate goal of the Christian mission, to bring others into the transformative reality of God's kingdom.

Still another said, 'I will follow You, Lord; but first let me bid farewell to my family.'
Still another said
This phrase introduces a new individual in the narrative, highlighting the ongoing nature of Jesus' call to discipleship. The Greek word for "another" (ἕτερος, heteros) suggests a different kind of person or response compared to previous individuals. This sets the stage for a unique interaction, emphasizing the personal nature of Jesus' call and the varied responses it elicits.

I will follow You, Lord
The declaration "I will follow You" (ἀκολουθήσω σοι, akolouthēsō soi) is a commitment to discipleship, indicating a willingness to walk in the footsteps of Jesus. The term "Lord" (Κύριε, Kyrie) acknowledges Jesus' authority and divinity, a recognition of His role as the Master. This phrase reflects a verbal commitment to Jesus, which is essential in the life of a believer, yet it also sets up the tension with the subsequent hesitation.

but first let me bid farewell
The phrase "but first let me bid farewell" (πρῶτον δὲ ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀποτάξασθαι, prōton de epitrepse moi apotaxasthai) introduces a condition to the commitment. The Greek word "apotaxasthai" implies a formal leave-taking, suggesting a desire to maintain social and familial obligations. This reflects a common cultural practice of the time, where family ties were paramount. However, it also reveals a divided heart, where earthly attachments compete with spiritual commitments.

to my family
The reference to "my family" (τοῖς εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου, tois eis ton oikon mou) underscores the importance of familial relationships in Jewish culture. The household was the center of social and religious life, and leaving it was a significant decision. In the context of discipleship, this phrase challenges the believer to consider the cost of following Christ, which may require prioritizing spiritual kinship over biological ties. Jesus' call often demands a reordering of loyalties, placing the Kingdom of God above all else.

But Jesus declared
This phrase introduces the authoritative teaching of Jesus, emphasizing His role as the ultimate teacher and guide. The Greek word for "declared" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which conveys a sense of solemn pronouncement. In the context of the Gospels, when Jesus speaks, it is with divine authority, underscoring the importance of His words. This declaration is not merely a suggestion but a command that demands attention and obedience from His followers.

No one who puts his hand to the plow
The imagery of putting one's hand to the plow is rich with agricultural significance, common in the agrarian society of first-century Palestine. The act of plowing requires focus and commitment, as the farmer must guide the plow in a straight line to prepare the field for planting. The Greek word "ἄροτρον" (arotron) for "plow" evokes the idea of hard work and dedication. Spiritually, this represents the commitment required to follow Christ. Once a person decides to follow Jesus, they must be fully committed, just as a farmer must be fully engaged in the task of plowing.

and then looks back
Looking back implies a divided heart or a lack of commitment. The Greek word "βλέπων" (blepōn) means to look or to see, but in this context, it suggests a longing or desire for what was left behind. This echoes the account of Lot's wife in Genesis 19:26, who looked back at Sodom and was turned into a pillar of salt. In the Christian journey, looking back can symbolize a return to old ways or a reluctance to fully embrace the new life in Christ. It warns against the dangers of nostalgia for a past life of sin or comfort.

is fit for the kingdom of God
The phrase "fit for the kingdom of God" speaks to the readiness and suitability of a person to enter and participate in God's kingdom. The Greek word "εὔθετος" (euthetos) means suitable or useful. In the context of discipleship, it implies that only those who are fully committed and undistracted are prepared to serve in God's kingdom. The kingdom of God requires undivided loyalty and a willingness to forsake all else for the sake of Christ. This is a call to radical discipleship, where the believer's life is wholly aligned with the values and mission of God's kingdom.