After this
This phrase indicates a continuation from the previous events in the Gospel of Luke. It suggests a sequence in Jesus' ministry, emphasizing the ongoing nature of His mission. The context here is crucial, as it follows Jesus' teachings and miracles, highlighting the preparation and groundwork laid for the spreading of His message. Historically, this reflects the methodical approach Jesus took in His ministry, ensuring His teachings were well-established before expanding His reach.

the Lord
The term "the Lord" is a title of authority and divinity, affirming Jesus' position as the sovereign ruler and divine master. In the Greek, "Kyrios" is used, which denotes supreme authority. This title is significant as it underscores the divine mandate and authority with which Jesus operates, reinforcing His role as the Messiah and the Son of God in Christian theology.

appointed
The Greek word used here is "anedeixen," which means to designate or appoint for a specific purpose. This action by Jesus is intentional and purposeful, indicating a divine selection and commissioning. It reflects the careful and deliberate nature of Jesus' ministry, where individuals are chosen for specific roles in the advancement of His kingdom.

seventy-two others
There is some textual variation here, with some manuscripts mentioning seventy instead of seventy-two. Regardless, this number is symbolic, often associated with completeness and the nations of the world, as seen in the Table of Nations in Genesis 10. This appointment signifies the universal scope of Jesus' mission, extending beyond the Jewish people to all nations.

and sent them
The Greek word "apesteilen" is used, meaning to send forth with a commission. This sending is not merely a dispatch but a commissioning with authority and purpose. It reflects the apostolic nature of the mission, where the sent ones carry the authority and message of the sender, in this case, Jesus Himself.

two by two
This method of sending in pairs is strategic and practical. It provides mutual support and accountability, enhancing the effectiveness of their mission. Biblically, the concept of two witnesses is significant for establishing truth (Deuteronomy 19:15), reinforcing the credibility and reliability of their testimony about Jesus.

ahead of Him
This phrase indicates that the seventy-two were forerunners, preparing the way for Jesus. It echoes the role of John the Baptist as a forerunner and highlights the preparatory nature of their mission. They were to lay the groundwork, preparing hearts and minds for Jesus' arrival and message.

to every town and place
This comprehensive approach underscores the inclusivity and reach of Jesus' mission. It reflects the Great Commission's call to spread the Gospel to all corners of the earth. Historically, it shows the strategic planning in Jesus' ministry, ensuring that His message reached diverse communities.

He was about to visit
This phrase indicates the imminent arrival of Jesus in these locations, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the mission. It reflects the anticipation and preparation for the coming of the Messiah, a theme prevalent throughout the Gospels. Theologically, it underscores the presence and active involvement of Jesus in His ministry, as He personally engages with the people.

He told them
This phrase introduces the speaker, Jesus, who is addressing His disciples. The context is significant as it follows Jesus appointing seventy-two others and sending them out two by two. The Greek word for "told" is "ἔλεγεν" (elegen), which implies a continuous or repeated action, suggesting that Jesus often imparted this teaching. This highlights the importance of the message and the need for the disciples to internalize it.

The harvest
The term "harvest" is metaphorical, representing the gathering of souls into the Kingdom of God. In the agricultural society of ancient Israel, harvest time was a period of great importance and joy. The Greek word "θερισμός" (therismos) indicates not just the act of harvesting but also the readiness and abundance of the crop. This suggests that there are many people ready to receive the Gospel, emphasizing the urgency and opportunity in the mission field.

is plentiful
The word "plentiful" translates from the Greek "πολύς" (polys), meaning much or many. This indicates the vast number of people who are ready to hear and accept the message of Christ. Historically, this reflects the spiritual hunger present in the world at the time of Jesus, which continues today. The plentiful harvest underscores the potential for a great ingathering of believers if the laborers are willing to work.

but the workers
"Workers" comes from the Greek "ἐργάται" (ergatai), meaning laborers or those who toil. This term is used to describe those who actively participate in the mission of spreading the Gospel. It implies effort, dedication, and a willingness to engage in the work of the Lord. The scarcity of workers highlights the need for more disciples to commit to the mission.

are few
The phrase "are few" is translated from the Greek "ὀλίγοι" (oligoi), meaning small in number. This points to the disparity between the vastness of the harvest and the limited number of those willing to labor for it. Historically, this has been a call to action for the Church to raise up and send out more workers into the mission field.

Ask the Lord of the harvest
Here, "Ask" is from the Greek "δεήθητε" (deēthēte), meaning to beseech or pray earnestly. The "Lord of the harvest" refers to God, who is sovereign over the spiritual harvest. This phrase emphasizes the necessity of prayer in the mission, acknowledging that it is God who ultimately provides and empowers the workers.

therefore
The word "therefore" (Greek "οὖν" - oun) connects the need for workers with the action of prayer. It serves as a logical conclusion that because the harvest is plentiful and the workers are few, prayer is the essential response. This highlights the dependence on divine intervention in the mission.

to send out
"To send out" is from the Greek "ἐκβάλῃ" (ekbalē), which means to thrust out or send forth with urgency. This conveys a sense of immediacy and compulsion, indicating that the workers are to be actively deployed into the mission field. It reflects the proactive nature of the Church's mission.

workers into His harvest
The phrase "into His harvest" emphasizes ownership, indicating that the harvest belongs to God. The mission is not merely a human endeavor but a divine one, orchestrated by God Himself. This underscores the privilege and responsibility of participating in God's redemptive work in the world. The historical context of this passage reminds believers of the ongoing need for evangelism and discipleship, encouraging them to be active participants in God's mission.

Go
The word "Go" in this context is a command, an imperative from Jesus to His disciples. It signifies action and obedience. In the Greek, the word is "ὑπάγω" (hypagō), which means to lead or bring under. This command is not just a suggestion but a directive to move forward with purpose. Historically, this reflects the urgency and importance of the mission Jesus is entrusting to His followers. It is a call to leave behind comfort and familiarity to fulfill the Great Commission.

I am sending you out
This phrase emphasizes the authority and intentionality behind the mission. "I am sending" indicates that the disciples are not acting on their own accord but are being commissioned by Jesus Himself. The Greek word "ἀποστέλλω" (apostellō) is used here, which means to send forth with a specific purpose. This reflects the apostolic nature of their mission, as they are representatives of Christ, carrying His message to the world.

like lambs
The imagery of "lambs" is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing innocence, vulnerability, and purity. In the Greek, the word is "ἀρνίον" (arnion), which is a diminutive form, emphasizing the gentle and defenseless nature of lambs. This metaphor highlights the disciples' reliance on God for protection and guidance, as they are sent into a world that may be hostile to their message.

among wolves
"Wolves" are often used in Scripture to represent danger, deceit, and opposition. The Greek word "λύκος" (lykos) conveys the idea of a predator, one who seeks to devour. This phrase underscores the reality of the spiritual and physical challenges the disciples will face. It serves as a warning and a call to be wise and discerning, relying on the Holy Spirit for strength and courage in the face of adversity.

Carry no purse
The instruction to "carry no purse" is a directive from Jesus to His disciples, emphasizing reliance on God's provision rather than material possessions. The Greek word for "purse" (βαλλάντιον, ballantion) refers to a money bag or wallet. In the historical context, a purse was essential for carrying money and small personal items. By instructing His disciples to leave it behind, Jesus is teaching them to trust in divine providence and the hospitality of those they would encounter. This reflects a broader biblical theme of faith and dependence on God, as seen in the Israelites' reliance on manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16).

or bag
The term "bag" (πήρα, pēra) in Greek refers to a traveler's bag or a beggar's sack. This instruction further underscores the call to simplicity and trust. In the ancient world, a bag would be used to carry provisions for a journey. By telling the disciples not to take a bag, Jesus is encouraging them to live out their mission with a sense of urgency and dependence on the kindness of others, echoing the principle of living by faith and not by sight (2 Corinthians 5:7).

or sandals
The mention of "sandals" (ὑποδήματα, hypodēmata) is intriguing, as footwear was a basic necessity for travel. In the cultural and historical context, sandals protected the feet from rough terrain. However, Jesus' instruction here may symbolize a call to humility and readiness, reminiscent of God's command to Moses to remove his sandals on holy ground (Exodus 3:5). It suggests a focus on the spiritual journey over physical comfort, aligning with the call to prioritize the Kingdom of God above all else (Matthew 6:33).

Do not greet anyone along the road
This phrase might seem counterintuitive, as greetings were a common social practice in ancient Near Eastern culture. The Greek word for "greet" (ἀσπάζομαι, aspazomai) implies a formal and often lengthy exchange. Jesus' instruction is not a call to rudeness but rather an emphasis on the urgency and focus of their mission. The disciples were to avoid distractions and remain single-minded in their purpose, much like Elisha's servant Gehazi was instructed to avoid greetings to maintain focus on his task (2 Kings 4:29). This highlights the importance of prioritizing God's work above social conventions.

Whatever house you enter
This phrase sets the stage for the mission of the disciples as they are sent out by Jesus. The Greek word for "house" (οἰκία) can refer to a physical dwelling or a household, indicating that the disciples are to engage with both the physical space and the people within. Historically, homes in ancient Israel were central to community life, serving as places of hospitality and fellowship. This instruction emphasizes the importance of personal interaction and the sharing of the Gospel within the intimate setting of a home.

first say
The word "first" (πρῶτον) underscores the priority of the message that follows. It indicates that the disciples' initial action upon entering a home is to deliver a specific greeting. This reflects the importance of setting a spiritual tone and intention from the outset. The act of speaking first also implies a proactive approach in ministry, where the disciples are to take the initiative in offering peace and blessing.

‘Peace to this house.’
The word "peace" (εἰρήνη) is rich in meaning, encompassing not only the absence of conflict but also the presence of wholeness, well-being, and divine favor. In the Hebrew context, this would resonate with the concept of "shalom," which signifies completeness and harmony with God and others. By declaring peace, the disciples are invoking God's blessing and presence upon the household. This greeting is not merely a polite salutation but a profound spiritual declaration, inviting the household to experience the peace that comes from a relationship with Christ. Historically, such greetings were common in Jewish culture, but here it takes on a deeper, Christ-centered significance.

a son of peace
The phrase "a son of peace" in Luke 10:6 is a unique expression that carries significant meaning. In the original Greek, the word for "son" is "huios," which often denotes a relationship or characteristic. Here, it implies someone who embodies peace or is receptive to it. The term "peace" is translated from the Greek "eirene," which is akin to the Hebrew "shalom." This peace is not merely the absence of conflict but a holistic sense of well-being, harmony, and divine favor. In the historical context of Jesus sending out the seventy-two disciples, this phrase indicates a person who is open to the message of the Gospel and the peace it brings. Such a person would be receptive to the disciples' message and hospitality, creating a conducive environment for the Gospel to take root.

your peace
The phrase "your peace" suggests a personal and active impartation of peace from the disciples to the household they enter. The Greek word "eirene" again emphasizes a deep, spiritual peace that the disciples carry with them. This peace is not just a passive state but something that can be actively given or shared. In the context of the mission of the seventy-two, it underscores the authority and power given to the disciples by Jesus. They are not merely visitors but bearers of God's peace, which can transform and bless those who receive it. This reflects the broader biblical theme of believers being conduits of God's blessings and peace to the world.

will rest on it
The phrase "will rest on it" conveys the idea of peace settling or abiding in a place. The Greek word "epanapauomai" is used here, which means to settle upon or remain. This suggests a lasting impact, not a fleeting or temporary state. In the cultural and historical context, hospitality was a significant virtue, and a household that welcomed the disciples would experience the enduring peace of God. This peace is not dependent on circumstances but is a divine gift that remains with those who are open to it. It highlights the transformative power of God's peace, which can change the atmosphere of a home and the hearts of its inhabitants.

if not
The phrase "if not" introduces a conditional aspect to the disciples' mission. It acknowledges the reality that not everyone will be receptive to the message of peace. This reflects the broader biblical theme of free will and the human capacity to accept or reject God's offer of peace and salvation. The disciples are prepared for both acceptance and rejection, understanding that their responsibility is to offer peace, but the acceptance of it lies with the recipient. This conditionality also serves as a reminder of the spiritual battle and resistance that can occur when the Gospel is proclaimed.

it will return to you
The phrase "it will return to you" provides assurance to the disciples that their peace is not lost or wasted if it is not received. The Greek word "anastrepho" implies a return or turning back. This suggests that the peace they offer remains with them, even if it is not accepted by others. It underscores the inexhaustible nature of God's peace and the continual presence of His Spirit with the disciples. This assurance encourages believers to continue sharing the Gospel, knowing that their efforts are never in vain and that God's peace remains with them, ready to be shared again. It is a powerful reminder of the resilience and persistence required in the mission of spreading the Gospel.

Stay at the same house
This phrase emphasizes the importance of stability and contentment in the mission of the disciples. The Greek word for "stay" is "μένω" (menō), which means to remain or abide. This instruction reflects a call to build genuine relationships and avoid the temptation of seeking better accommodations or more favorable conditions. Historically, this would have been a counter-cultural directive, as hospitality was a significant aspect of ancient Near Eastern culture. By staying in one house, the disciples would demonstrate humility and gratitude, fostering deeper connections with their hosts.

Eating and drinking whatever they give you
The phrase underscores the principle of accepting hospitality graciously. The Greek words "ἐσθίω" (esthiō) for eating and "πίνω" (pinō) for drinking suggest a sense of participation and fellowship. In the historical context, sharing a meal was a sign of acceptance and peace. This instruction also implies a level of trust in God's provision through the generosity of others. It encourages the disciples to focus on their mission rather than dietary preferences or cultural differences, promoting unity and breaking down barriers.

For the worker is worthy of his wages
This phrase highlights the principle of fair compensation for labor. The Greek word "ἄξιος" (axios) means worthy or deserving, and "μισθός" (misthos) refers to wages or reward. This teaching aligns with the broader biblical principle that those who labor, especially in ministry, should be supported by those who benefit from their work. Historically, this reflects the practice of itinerant preachers and teachers being supported by the communities they served. It underscores the value of the work being done and the responsibility of the community to provide for those who minister to them.

Do not move around from house to house
This instruction reinforces the earlier command to stay in one place. The Greek phrase "μεταβαίνω" (metabainō) means to move or change location. By advising against moving from house to house, Jesus is teaching the disciples to avoid seeking better accommodations or more influential hosts. This promotes a spirit of contentment and integrity, ensuring that the focus remains on the mission rather than personal comfort or social status. It also prevents the potential for misunderstandings or conflicts within the community, fostering peace and stability.

If you enter a town
The phrase "If you enter a town" suggests a conditional scenario, indicating the mission of the disciples as they are sent out by Jesus. The Greek word for "enter" (εἰσέρχομαι, eiserchomai) implies a purposeful action, reflecting the intentionality of the disciples' mission. Historically, towns in ancient Judea were often small and closely-knit, making the arrival of strangers a notable event. This phrase sets the stage for the disciples' engagement with the community, emphasizing the importance of their mission to spread the Gospel.

and they welcome you
The act of welcoming (δέχομαι, dechomai) is significant in the cultural context of the time. Hospitality was a deeply ingrained value in Jewish society, rooted in the Old Testament teachings. Welcoming a stranger was not just a social nicety but a moral obligation. This phrase underscores the receptivity of the townspeople to the message of the Kingdom of God. It also reflects the openness of heart that Jesus desires in those who hear His message.

eat whatever is set before you
This instruction to "eat whatever is set before you" speaks to the cultural and religious context of dietary laws. The Greek word for "eat" (ἐσθίω, esthio) is straightforward, but the command challenges the Jewish dietary restrictions that the disciples would have been accustomed to. This phrase indicates a shift towards the inclusivity of the Gospel, breaking down barriers between Jews and Gentiles. It encourages the disciples to accept hospitality without discrimination, reflecting the universality of Christ's message. Historically, sharing a meal was a sign of fellowship and acceptance, symbolizing the breaking down of social and religious barriers.

Heal the sick
This phrase is a direct command from Jesus to His disciples, emphasizing the power and authority given to them to perform miraculous healings. The Greek word for "heal" is "therapeuō," which implies not only physical healing but also serving and caring for the sick. This reflects the compassionate nature of Jesus' ministry and His concern for the whole person—body, mind, and spirit. Historically, this command underscores the early Christian mission to demonstrate God's kingdom through tangible acts of mercy and power, serving as a testament to the divine authority of Jesus and His message.

who are there
This phrase indicates the presence of the sick within the towns and villages the disciples visited. It suggests an intentionality in seeking out those in need, highlighting the inclusive nature of the Gospel. The disciples were to engage with the community, meeting people where they were, both physically and spiritually. This approach reflects the incarnational aspect of Jesus' ministry, where He entered into the human condition to bring healing and salvation.

and tell them
The act of telling or proclaiming is central to the mission of the disciples. The Greek word "legō" is used here, which means to speak or declare. This emphasizes the importance of verbal proclamation in the spread of the Gospel. The disciples were not only to perform acts of healing but also to communicate the message of the kingdom, ensuring that their actions were accompanied by the truth of God's word.

The kingdom of God
This phrase is a central theme in Jesus' teaching, referring to God's sovereign rule and reign. The "kingdom of God" is both a present reality and a future hope, inaugurated by Jesus' ministry and to be fully realized at His return. In the context of Luke 10:9, the kingdom is demonstrated through the healing of the sick, serving as a sign of God's power breaking into the world. This proclamation would have been radical in the first-century Jewish context, where expectations of the kingdom were often political or militaristic.

is near you
The nearness of the kingdom signifies its accessibility and immediacy. The Greek word "engizō" means to draw near or approach. This indicates that through Jesus and His disciples, the kingdom is not a distant or abstract concept but a present reality that people can experience. The phrase "is near you" also personalizes the message, making it relevant to each individual. It calls for a response, inviting people to recognize and enter into the kingdom through faith and repentance. This nearness is a source of hope and urgency, as it calls individuals to embrace the transformative power of God's reign in their lives.

But if you enter a town
This phrase sets the stage for a hypothetical situation that Jesus is addressing. The Greek word for "enter" is "εἰσέρχομαι" (eiserchomai), which implies a deliberate action of going into a place. In the context of Jesus sending out the seventy-two disciples, this entry is not just physical but also spiritual, as they bring the message of the Kingdom of God. Historically, towns in ancient Israel were often small and closely-knit, making the entry of outsiders a significant event. The disciples' mission was to bring peace and healing, reflecting the presence of God's Kingdom.

and they do not welcome you
The Greek word for "welcome" is "δέχομαι" (dechomai), meaning to receive or accept. This phrase acknowledges the reality of rejection, which is a recurring theme in the ministry of Jesus. The disciples were to expect that not everyone would be receptive to their message. In a historical context, hospitality was a crucial aspect of Middle Eastern culture, and a lack of welcome was a serious breach of social norms. This rejection is not just of the messengers but of the message and, ultimately, of Christ Himself.

go into the streets
The "streets" (Greek: "πλατεῖα" - plateia) were the public spaces of a town, where people gathered for social and commercial activities. By instructing the disciples to go into the streets, Jesus is directing them to make a public declaration. This act symbolizes the openness and transparency of the Gospel message. Archaeologically, streets were central to town life, often bustling with activity, making them the ideal place for public announcements.

and declare
The Greek word for "declare" is "λέγω" (lego), which means to speak or say. This command to declare is an imperative, emphasizing the importance of making the message known, even in the face of rejection. The act of declaring in the streets serves as a testimony against the town's rejection. Scripturally, this reflects the prophetic tradition of making public proclamations as a witness to God's truth. The disciples' declaration is both a warning and an invitation, underscoring the urgency and significance of the Kingdom message.

Even the dust
This phrase emphasizes the thoroughness of the disciples' rejection of a town that does not welcome them. In the cultural and historical context of the time, shaking off the dust from one's feet was a symbolic act performed by Jews when leaving a Gentile area, signifying a complete disassociation from the impurity of the Gentiles. Here, Jesus instructs His disciples to perform this act even in Jewish towns that reject the message of the Kingdom, highlighting the seriousness of rejecting the Gospel.

of your town
The reference to "your town" personalizes the message, indicating that the responsibility for accepting or rejecting the message of Christ lies with the community. In the ancient world, towns were often close-knit communities where news and teachings would spread quickly. The town's collective response to the disciples' message would determine their spiritual standing.

that clings to our feet
The imagery of dust clinging to feet suggests the pervasive nature of rejection and unbelief. In a spiritual sense, it represents the residue of disbelief that the disciples are instructed to leave behind. This act serves as a testimony against the town, symbolizing that the disciples have done their part in delivering the message, and any further responsibility lies with the townspeople.

we wipe off
The act of wiping off the dust is a deliberate and public demonstration of the disciples' disassociation from those who reject the Gospel. It is a prophetic gesture, indicating that the disciples have fulfilled their duty and are now free from any further obligation to that town. This act underscores the urgency and importance of accepting the message of salvation.

against you
This phrase indicates that the act of shaking off the dust is not just a personal decision but a testimony against the town. It serves as a warning of the consequences of rejecting the message of Christ. In the broader scriptural context, it reflects the theme of judgment and accountability that runs throughout the Bible, reminding believers of the importance of responding to God's call.

Yet be sure of this
This statement serves as a solemn reminder to the townspeople of the truth and certainty of the message being proclaimed. It emphasizes the authority of the disciples' mission and the reality of the Kingdom of God. The phrase calls for introspection and acknowledgment of the divine truth presented to them.

The kingdom of God
Central to Jesus' teaching, the "kingdom of God" refers to God's sovereign rule and reign, both in the present and future. It is a spiritual kingdom that Jesus inaugurated through His life, death, and resurrection. The proclamation of the kingdom is a call to repentance and faith, inviting individuals to enter into a relationship with God.

is near
The nearness of the kingdom signifies the urgency of the message. In the historical context, Jesus' ministry marked the breaking in of God's kingdom into human history. For the original audience, this was a call to immediate action and decision. For contemporary believers, it serves as a reminder of the ever-present reality of God's rule and the need to live in light of His coming kingdom.

I tell you
This phrase underscores the authority of Jesus as He speaks. In the Greek, "λέγω ὑμῖν" (legō hymin) is a direct address, emphasizing the certainty and importance of the message. Jesus often uses this phrase to introduce a solemn truth or a prophetic statement. It serves as a reminder of His divine authority and the weight of His words, urging the listener to pay close attention.

it will be more bearable
The Greek word for "more bearable" is "ἀνεκτότερον" (anektoteron), which implies a comparison of degrees of tolerance or endurance. This phrase suggests a gradation in the severity of judgment. It highlights the justice of God, who measures accountability based on the revelation received. The implication is that those who have witnessed the works and heard the message of Christ are held to a higher standard.

on that day
This phrase refers to the Day of Judgment, a common theme in both the Old and New Testaments. In the Jewish eschatological context, "that day" is a time when God will execute justice and righteousness. It serves as a sobering reminder of the future accountability that awaits all humanity. The phrase calls believers to live with an eternal perspective, mindful of the coming judgment.

for Sodom
Sodom is a historical city known for its wickedness and subsequent destruction by divine judgment, as recorded in Genesis 19. The mention of Sodom serves as a powerful illustration of severe judgment due to sin. In the Jewish tradition, Sodom became synonymous with extreme immorality and divine retribution. By comparing a town's fate to that of Sodom, Jesus emphasizes the gravity of rejecting His message.

than for that town
"That town" refers to any city or community that rejects the message of the Gospel and the messengers of Christ. In the context of Luke 10, Jesus had sent out the seventy-two disciples to preach the Kingdom of God. The rejection of their message is tantamount to rejecting Christ Himself. This phrase serves as a warning to those who hear the Gospel but choose to ignore or reject it, highlighting the increased accountability for those who have been given the opportunity to respond to the truth.

Woe to you, Chorazin!
The word "Woe" is a strong expression of grief or denunciation. In the Greek, it is "ouai," which conveys a deep lament or impending judgment. Chorazin was a city near Capernaum, and its mention here highlights its significance in Jesus' ministry. Despite witnessing Jesus' miracles, the city remained unrepentant. This serves as a warning to those who experience God's works yet fail to respond with faith and repentance.

Woe to you, Bethsaida!
Bethsaida, like Chorazin, was a city that witnessed many of Jesus' miracles. The repetition of "Woe" emphasizes the seriousness of their spiritual condition. Bethsaida was the hometown of several apostles, including Peter, Andrew, and Philip, which underscores the city's exposure to Jesus' teachings. The lament over Bethsaida serves as a reminder of the responsibility that comes with receiving divine revelation.

For if the miracles that were performed in you
The phrase "miracles that were performed" refers to the mighty works or "dunamis" in Greek, indicating acts of divine power. These miracles were not just displays of power but were meant to lead people to repentance and faith. The cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida had ample evidence of Jesus' divine authority, yet they remained unchanged.

had been performed in Tyre and Sidon
Tyre and Sidon were ancient Phoenician cities known for their wealth and paganism. Historically, they were often condemned by the prophets for their idolatry and pride (e.g., Ezekiel 28). By comparing Chorazin and Bethsaida to these Gentile cities, Jesus highlights the greater accountability of those who have received more revelation. The implication is that even these pagan cities would have repented if they had witnessed the same miracles.

they would have repented long ago
The concept of repentance, "metanoeo" in Greek, involves a profound change of mind and heart, turning away from sin and toward God. Jesus' statement suggests that the evidence provided to Chorazin and Bethsaida was sufficient for repentance, yet they remained obstinate. This serves as a sobering reminder of the hardness of the human heart and the necessity of responding to God's call.

sitting in sackcloth and ashes
"Sackcloth and ashes" were traditional symbols of mourning and repentance in Jewish culture. Sackcloth was a coarse material worn during times of grief, and ashes signified desolation and humility. This imagery underscores the depth of repentance that Jesus expected. It is a call to genuine contrition and transformation, not merely outward expressions of sorrow.

But it will be more bearable
The phrase "more bearable" suggests a comparison of degrees of judgment or punishment. In the Greek, the word used is "ἀνεκτότερον" (anektoteron), which implies a relative leniency or tolerability. This indicates that divine judgment is not a one-size-fits-all but is measured according to the knowledge and opportunities given. Theologically, this underscores the justice and fairness of God, who considers the light each city or individual has received.

for Tyre and Sidon
Tyre and Sidon were ancient Phoenician cities known for their wealth and commerce, but also for their paganism and idolatry. Historically, these cities were often condemned by the prophets for their pride and wickedness (e.g., Isaiah 23, Ezekiel 28). Yet, Jesus indicates that their judgment will be more bearable than that of the cities He is addressing. This highlights the principle that greater revelation brings greater responsibility. Tyre and Sidon, despite their sins, did not have the same exposure to Jesus' miracles and teachings as the cities of Galilee.

at the judgment
The term "judgment" refers to the eschatological event where God will judge the living and the dead. In Greek, "κρίσει" (krisei) is used, which is the root for our word "crisis," indicating a decisive point or turning. This judgment is not merely punitive but is a divine assessment of one's response to God's revelation. It serves as a sobering reminder of the eternal consequences of rejecting Christ.

than for you
The "you" in this context refers to the cities of Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum, which had witnessed Jesus' miracles and heard His teachings firsthand. The use of "you" personalizes the message, making it direct and urgent. It emphasizes the accountability of those who have been given much in terms of spiritual opportunity. This serves as a warning to all who hear the gospel today, reminding us that with great privilege comes great responsibility.

And you, Capernaum
Capernaum was a significant town in Jesus' ministry, often serving as His base of operations. The name "Capernaum" means "village of Nahum" or "village of comfort." Despite witnessing many of Jesus' miracles and teachings, the town's inhabitants largely remained unrepentant. This address to Capernaum is a direct call to a community that had great exposure to divine truth yet failed to respond appropriately. Historically, Capernaum was a prosperous fishing village on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee, which underscores the gravity of its spiritual indifference.

will you be lifted up to heaven?
This phrase suggests a rhetorical question, implying an expectation of exaltation or honor. The Greek word for "lifted up" (ὑψωθήσῃ) can mean to be exalted or raised to a high position. In the context of Capernaum, it reflects the town's potential for spiritual elevation due to its proximity to Jesus' ministry. However, the question implies a negative answer, highlighting the irony of their situation. The expectation of being "lifted up to heaven" contrasts with their actual spiritual state, serving as a warning against pride and complacency.

No, you will be brought down to Hades!
The term "Hades" in Greek (ᾅδης) refers to the realm of the dead, often used in the New Testament to denote a place of judgment or the grave. This stark declaration serves as a prophetic judgment against Capernaum, indicating a reversal of fortune from potential exaltation to condemnation. The imagery of being "brought down" suggests a fall from grace, a descent into a state of spiritual death or separation from God. This warning is consistent with the biblical theme that privilege and exposure to divine truth come with great responsibility. Historically, Capernaum's eventual decline and obscurity serve as a testament to the fulfillment of this prophecy.

Whoever listens to you
This phrase emphasizes the authority given to the disciples by Jesus. The Greek word for "listens" is "ἀκούει" (akouei), which implies not just hearing but also understanding and obeying. In the historical context, rabbis and teachers were highly respected, and their words carried significant weight. Jesus is elevating His disciples to a similar status, indicating that their message is not merely their own but divinely inspired.

listens to Me
Here, Jesus equates listening to His disciples with listening to Himself. This underscores the unity between Christ and His followers. Theologically, this reflects the concept of the Church as the Body of Christ, where the message of the apostles is seen as the message of Christ Himself. It also highlights the continuity of divine revelation through the apostles.

whoever rejects you
The Greek word for "rejects" is "ἀθετεῖ" (athetei), which means to set aside or disregard. This is a strong term that implies a deliberate choice to dismiss the message. Historically, prophets and messengers of God often faced rejection, and Jesus prepares His disciples for similar experiences. This rejection is not just of the messenger but of the message and, ultimately, of God.

rejects Me
Jesus makes it clear that rejecting His disciples is equivalent to rejecting Him. This statement reinforces the authority and divine backing of the apostles' mission. In a broader scriptural context, this reflects the consistent biblical theme that to reject God's messengers is to reject God Himself, as seen in the Old Testament with the prophets.

rejects the One who sent Me
This phrase ties the rejection of the disciples directly to the rejection of God the Father. The Greek word for "sent" is "ἀποστείλαντα" (aposteilanta), which is related to the word "apostle," meaning "one who is sent." This highlights the divine mission and authority of Jesus, as He is sent by the Father. In a historical and theological context, this underscores the Trinitarian relationship and the divine origin of Jesus' mission. Rejecting Jesus is not just a personal affront but a rejection of God's salvific plan for humanity.

The seventy-two
This phrase refers to the group of disciples Jesus sent out in pairs to every town and place He was about to visit. The number seventy-two is significant, as it echoes the seventy elders appointed by Moses in Numbers 11:16-25 and the seventy nations listed in Genesis 10. This suggests a mission that is both divinely ordained and universal in scope, symbolizing the spread of the Gospel to all nations. The Greek term used here, "ἑβδομήκοντα δύο" (hebdomēkonta dyo), emphasizes the completeness and sufficiency of their mission.

returned with joy
The disciples' return "with joy" indicates the success and fulfillment they experienced in their mission. The Greek word for joy, "χαρά" (chara), conveys a deep, spiritual joy that comes from participating in God's work. This joy is not merely emotional but is rooted in the recognition of God's power and presence in their ministry. Historically, this joy reflects the early Christian experience of witnessing the transformative power of the Gospel.

and said, 'Lord, even the demons submit to us in Your name.'
The disciples' report highlights the authority they exercised over demonic forces, which was granted to them by Jesus. The phrase "in Your name" is crucial, as it underscores that their power was not inherent but derived from Jesus' authority. The Greek term for "submit," "ὑποτάσσω" (hypotassō), implies a hierarchical order where the demons are compelled to obey. This reflects the broader biblical theme of Jesus' dominion over spiritual realms, as seen in passages like Philippians 2:9-11. The historical context of first-century Judea, where demonic possession was a recognized phenomenon, underscores the significance of this authority as a testament to Jesus' divine mission.

I saw
The phrase "I saw" is a direct statement from Jesus, indicating a personal and authoritative witness. The Greek word used here is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just seeing with the eyes but perceiving and understanding. This suggests that Jesus is not merely recounting a vision but is conveying a deep, spiritual insight. In the context of His divine nature, this statement underscores His eternal presence and omniscience, affirming His authority over spiritual realms.

Satan
"Satan" refers to the adversary, the accuser, and the embodiment of evil in Christian theology. The name "Satan" comes from the Hebrew "שָׂטָן" (satan), meaning "adversary" or "accuser." In the New Testament, Satan is depicted as the chief opponent of God and His people. This reference to Satan highlights the cosmic battle between good and evil, reminding believers of the reality of spiritual warfare and the ultimate victory of Christ over the forces of darkness.

fall
The word "fall" is translated from the Greek "πίπτω" (pipto), which means to descend from a higher place to a lower one. This imagery of falling suggests a loss of power and position. Historically, this can be seen as a reference to the initial rebellion and expulsion of Satan from heaven, as well as a prophetic declaration of his ultimate defeat. It serves as a powerful reminder of the transient nature of evil and the assured triumph of God's kingdom.

like lightning
The simile "like lightning" conveys suddenness, visibility, and power. Lightning is a natural phenomenon that is both awe-inspiring and fearsome, symbolizing the swift and decisive nature of Satan's fall. In biblical literature, lightning often accompanies divine revelation and judgment, as seen in Exodus 19:16 during the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai. This imagery reinforces the idea that Satan's defeat is both dramatic and inevitable, underscoring the authority and majesty of God.

from heaven
The phrase "from heaven" indicates the origin or starting point of Satan's fall. Heaven, in biblical terms, is the dwelling place of God, angels, and the realm of divine authority. The fall "from heaven" signifies a removal from a place of privilege and power. This serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of pride and rebellion against God. It also reassures believers of the security and sanctity of heaven, untouched by the corruption of evil, and the ultimate restoration of God's order.

Behold
The Greek word for "behold" is "ἰδού" (idou), which serves as an imperative to draw attention to something significant. In the biblical context, it is often used to emphasize a divine revelation or an important truth. Here, Jesus is calling His disciples to pay close attention to the authority He is bestowing upon them. This word sets the stage for the profound empowerment that follows, urging believers to recognize the gravity and reality of the spiritual authority granted to them.

I have given you authority
The term "authority" comes from the Greek "ἐξουσία" (exousia), which implies the power to act, the right to exercise power, and the jurisdiction over a domain. In this context, Jesus is not merely offering a temporary empowerment but a lasting spiritual authority. This authority is a divine commission, reflecting the believer's role in God's kingdom to overcome spiritual adversaries. Historically, this authority is rooted in the victory of Christ over sin and death, a victory that believers are called to participate in.

to tread on snakes and scorpions
The imagery of "snakes and scorpions" is symbolic, representing evil forces and demonic powers. In the ancient Near Eastern context, these creatures were often associated with danger and malevolence. The act of treading upon them signifies dominion and victory over these threats. This phrase reassures believers of their power, through Christ, to overcome spiritual challenges and adversities. It echoes the promise of Genesis 3:15, where the seed of the woman will crush the serpent's head, symbolizing ultimate triumph over evil.

and over all the power of the enemy
The "enemy" here refers to Satan and his demonic forces. The Greek word for "power" is "δύναμις" (dynamis), indicating strength, ability, and influence. Jesus assures His followers that they have been given authority over all the capabilities and schemes of the devil. This promise is a source of encouragement, reminding believers that no spiritual force can prevail against them when they stand firm in their God-given authority.

Nothing will harm you
This phrase is a powerful assurance of divine protection. The Greek word for "harm" is "ἀδικέω" (adikeo), which means to injure or wrong. Jesus promises that, despite the presence of spiritual adversaries, His followers will be safeguarded from ultimate harm. This does not imply a life free from trials or persecution but guarantees that no spiritual attack can sever the believer from the love and protection of God. It is a call to live fearlessly, trusting in the sovereign protection of the Almighty.

Nevertheless
This word serves as a transition, indicating a shift in focus or emphasis. In the context of Luke 10:20, Jesus is redirecting the attention of the seventy-two disciples from their recent experiences of power and authority over demons to a more profound spiritual truth. The Greek word used here is "plēn," which often introduces a contrast or exception. It reminds us that while earthly accomplishments and spiritual victories are significant, they should not overshadow the eternal truths and promises of God.

do not rejoice
The phrase "do not rejoice" is a gentle admonition from Jesus. The Greek word for "rejoice" is "chairō," which means to be glad or delighted. Jesus is not dismissing the joy that comes from spiritual victories but is cautioning against finding ultimate joy in them. This serves as a reminder that our emotions and sense of fulfillment should not be solely tied to our spiritual achievements or experiences.

that the spirits submit to you
This phrase acknowledges the authority given to the disciples over demonic forces. The Greek word for "spirits" is "pneumata," referring to spiritual beings, and "submit" is "hypotassō," meaning to arrange under or to be subject to. This authority is a testament to the power of God working through His followers. However, Jesus emphasizes that this should not be the primary source of their joy, as it is a temporary and earthly manifestation of God's power.

but rejoice
Here, Jesus redirects the disciples' focus to a more profound and lasting source of joy. The repetition of the word "rejoice" (chairō) underscores the importance of finding true joy in the right place. This serves as a call to prioritize eternal realities over temporal experiences.

that your names are written
This phrase speaks to the assurance of salvation and eternal life. The imagery of names being "written" (Greek: "graphō") suggests permanence and security. In ancient times, names were recorded in official documents or registers, signifying citizenship or belonging. This metaphor indicates that believers have a secure place in God's eternal kingdom, which is the ultimate reason for rejoicing.

in heaven
The phrase "in heaven" points to the eternal and divine realm where God resides. It contrasts with the earthly realm where the disciples experienced their authority over demons. The Greek word "ouranois" refers to the heavens or the sky, often used in Scripture to denote the dwelling place of God. This highlights the eternal perspective that Jesus wants His disciples to have, focusing on their heavenly citizenship rather than earthly accomplishments.

At that time
This phrase situates the event in a specific moment, emphasizing the immediacy and relevance of Jesus' response. The context is crucial; Jesus had just sent out the seventy-two disciples, and they returned with joy, reporting the success of their mission. This moment of rejoicing is a direct response to the unfolding of God's kingdom through their work.

Jesus rejoiced
The Greek word for "rejoiced" here is "ἀγαλλιάω" (agalliaō), which conveys an exuberant, overflowing joy. This is one of the few instances in the Gospels where Jesus is explicitly described as rejoicing. It highlights His deep, personal connection with the Father and the Holy Spirit, and His delight in the divine plan being revealed and fulfilled.

in the Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit is the third person of the Trinity, actively involved in the life and ministry of Jesus. This phrase underscores the Trinitarian nature of God, showing that Jesus' joy is not merely human but is deeply spiritual, rooted in the divine communion with the Father and the Spirit. It also indicates that true joy and revelation come through the Spirit.

and said, 'I praise You, Father
The act of praising the Father is a model of prayer and worship. The Greek word "ἐξομολογέω" (exomologeō) means to confess or acknowledge openly. Jesus acknowledges the Father's sovereignty and goodness, setting an example for believers to follow in their own prayers.

Lord of heaven and earth
This title affirms God's supreme authority over all creation. It echoes the Jewish Shema and other Old Testament affirmations of God's sovereignty. By addressing God in this way, Jesus acknowledges the Father's ultimate control and purpose in the unfolding of His kingdom.

because You have hidden these things from the wise and learned
The "wise and learned" refers to those who rely on human wisdom and understanding, often the religious leaders and scholars of the time. The Greek word "σοφός" (sophos) for wise and "συνετός" (synetos) for learned suggest those who are esteemed for their intellectual capabilities. Yet, divine truths are not accessible through human wisdom alone.

and revealed them to little children
The "little children" symbolize humility and openness. The Greek word "νήπιος" (nēpios) refers to infants or young children, emphasizing simplicity and dependence. This revelation to the humble reflects the upside-down nature of God's kingdom, where the last are first, and the meek inherit the earth.

Yes, Father, for this was well-pleasing in Your sight
This affirmation underscores the Father's good pleasure in His divine plan. The Greek word "εὐδοκία" (eudokia) means good pleasure or delight. It highlights God's sovereign will and the joy He takes in revealing His truths to those who are humble and receptive. Jesus' agreement with the Father's will models perfect submission and alignment with God's purposes.

All things have been entrusted to Me by My Father
This phrase underscores the divine authority and sovereignty of Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "entrusted" is "παραδίδωμι" (paradidōmi), which implies a deliberate and authoritative handing over of power and responsibility. In the historical context of the New Testament, this reflects the Jewish understanding of a father-son relationship, where the father would pass on authority and inheritance to the son. This statement affirms the unique relationship between Jesus and God the Father, emphasizing that Jesus is the appointed mediator of God's will and the executor of His divine plan.

No one knows who the Son is except the Father
The Greek word for "knows" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which means to know intimately or experientially. This phrase highlights the exclusive and profound relationship between the Father and the Son. In the scriptural context, it suggests that the true identity and nature of Jesus as the Son of God can only be fully comprehended by God the Father. This exclusivity points to the mystery of the Trinity, where the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are distinct yet one in essence. Historically, this would have been a radical assertion, challenging the prevailing Jewish understanding of God and emphasizing the divine mystery of Christ's identity.

and no one knows who the Father is except the Son
Here, the same Greek word "γινώσκω" (ginōskō) is used, reinforcing the intimate knowledge and relationship between the Son and the Father. This phrase indicates that Jesus possesses a unique and complete understanding of God the Father, which is not accessible to humanity apart from divine revelation. In the historical and theological context, this asserts Jesus' role as the revealer of God, the one who makes the Father known to the world. It underscores the Christian belief that through Jesus, believers can come to know God personally and intimately.

and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him
The Greek word for "chooses" is "βουλομαι" (boulomai), which implies a deliberate and intentional decision. This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty of Jesus in the process of revelation. It is through Jesus' will and choice that individuals come to know the Father. This highlights the grace and initiative of God in the salvation process, where revelation is not based on human merit but on divine choice. In the scriptural context, it underscores the role of Jesus as the mediator between God and humanity, the one through whom the knowledge of God is imparted to those who are called. This reflects the Christian doctrine of election and the belief in Jesus as the sole path to knowing God.

Turning to the disciples
In this phrase, we see Jesus making a deliberate action to address His disciples directly. The Greek word for "turning" (στραφείς, strafeis) implies a purposeful movement, indicating that what He is about to say is of particular importance. This moment is intimate and personal, highlighting the special relationship between Jesus and His followers. Historically, disciples were students who followed their teacher closely, learning not just through words but through observing actions. Jesus' turning to them signifies a moment of teaching and revelation, underscoring the privilege of being in close fellowship with Him.

He said privately
The word "privately" (κατ’ ἰδίαν, kat’ idian) suggests a setting apart from the crowds, emphasizing the exclusivity of the message. In the context of first-century Judea, private teachings were often reserved for those who were considered worthy or prepared to receive deeper truths. This private communication underscores the intimate bond between Jesus and His disciples, as well as the trust He places in them to understand and eventually share His teachings with others.

“Blessed are the eyes
The term "blessed" (μακάριοι, makarioi) is rich in meaning, conveying a state of happiness, fortune, and divine favor. In the biblical context, being blessed often implies a spiritual joy that transcends earthly circumstances. The "eyes" here symbolize perception and understanding, not just physical sight. This phrase suggests that those who see and comprehend the truths of God are in a state of blessedness, as they are granted insight into divine mysteries.

that see what you see
This phrase emphasizes the privilege of witnessing the fulfillment of God's promises. The disciples are seeing the Messiah, the culmination of prophecies and the embodiment of God's plan for salvation. In the historical context, many prophets and righteous people longed to see the coming of the Messiah but did not. The disciples' ability to witness Jesus' ministry firsthand is a unique blessing, highlighting the fulfillment of centuries of anticipation and the unfolding of God's redemptive work in history. This seeing is not just physical but spiritual, recognizing Jesus as the Christ and understanding His mission.

For I tell you
This phrase underscores the authority of Jesus as He speaks. The Greek word for "tell" is "λέγω" (legō), which implies a declaration or proclamation. Jesus often uses this phrase to emphasize the importance and truth of His message. It is a reminder that His words are not mere suggestions but divine truths that carry weight and authority.

many prophets and kings
The mention of "prophets and kings" highlights the significance of the revelation given to the disciples. Prophets, such as Isaiah and Jeremiah, and kings, like David and Solomon, were pivotal figures in Israel's history. They longed for the fulfillment of God's promises and the coming of the Messiah. This phrase connects the disciples to a long history of anticipation and longing for divine revelation.

wanted to see what you see
The Greek word for "wanted" is "ἐπιθυμέω" (epithymeō), which conveys a strong desire or longing. This reflects the deep yearning of the prophets and kings to witness the fulfillment of God's promises. The disciples are privileged to see the manifestation of God's kingdom through Jesus, something that was eagerly anticipated for generations.

but did not see it
This phrase emphasizes the privilege and blessing of the disciples. Despite the desires of the prophets and kings, they did not witness the coming of the Messiah. The disciples, however, are living in the time of fulfillment. This contrast serves to highlight the unique and blessed position of those who witness the works and teachings of Jesus firsthand.

and to hear what you hear
Hearing, in the biblical context, often implies understanding and receiving divine truth. The Greek word "ἀκούω" (akouō) means more than just auditory perception; it involves comprehension and acceptance. The disciples are not only seeing the works of Jesus but are also receiving His teachings, which are the words of eternal life.

but did not hear it
This reiterates the privilege of the disciples. The prophets and kings received glimpses and shadows of God's plan, but the disciples are hearing the full revelation through Jesus. This phrase serves as a reminder of the grace bestowed upon those who have the opportunity to hear and understand the gospel message.

On one occasion
This phrase sets the scene for a specific event in the life of Jesus. It indicates a particular moment in time, suggesting that what follows is a significant teaching moment. Historically, Jesus often taught in public settings, where He was frequently approached by various individuals seeking wisdom or attempting to challenge His teachings.

an expert in the law
The term "expert in the law" refers to a scribe or lawyer, someone well-versed in the Mosaic Law. In the Jewish context, these individuals were highly respected for their knowledge of the Torah and were often involved in teaching and interpreting the law. Their role was crucial in maintaining religious and legal order within Jewish society.

stood up
This action signifies respect and a formal approach to addressing Jesus. In ancient Jewish culture, standing up to speak was a sign of respect and readiness to engage in a serious discussion. It also indicates that the expert in the law was seeking to draw attention to his question, possibly to challenge Jesus publicly.

to test Jesus
The phrase "to test" implies that the expert's intentions were not entirely sincere. The Greek word used here, "πειράζω" (peirazō), can mean to test, tempt, or try. This suggests that the expert was attempting to challenge Jesus' authority or understanding of the law, rather than genuinely seeking knowledge.

Teacher
By addressing Jesus as "Teacher," the expert acknowledges Jesus' role as a rabbi or respected instructor. This title, "Διδάσκαλε" (Didaskale) in Greek, was commonly used for those who taught the Scriptures. Despite the expert's ulterior motives, he recognizes Jesus' position as a teacher of the law.

he asked
The act of asking indicates a desire for dialogue or clarification. In the context of rabbinic tradition, questions were a common method of teaching and learning. This approach allowed for deeper exploration of theological and legal issues.

what must I do
This question reflects a common concern in Jewish thought: the relationship between actions and righteousness. The expert is inquiring about the necessary deeds or observances required to achieve a particular spiritual goal. It highlights the Jewish emphasis on the law and works as a means to attain favor with God.

to inherit eternal life
The concept of "eternal life" is central to Christian theology, representing the ultimate reward of salvation and communion with God. In the Jewish context, eternal life was often associated with the age to come, a time of divine fulfillment and peace. The use of the word "inherit" suggests a legal or familial right, implying that eternal life is a gift or legacy rather than something earned solely through human effort.

What is written in the Law?
This phrase begins with a question posed by Jesus, emphasizing the importance of the Scriptures as the ultimate authority. The Greek word for "written" is "γέγραπται" (gegraptai), which implies something that has been permanently recorded. This highlights the enduring and unchanging nature of God's Word. The "Law" refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, which were central to Jewish life and religious practice. By directing the lawyer to the Law, Jesus underscores the necessity of grounding one's understanding and actions in the divine revelation given through Moses.

How do you read it?
Here, Jesus asks for the lawyer's interpretation, which is significant because it acknowledges the role of personal engagement with Scripture. The Greek word for "read" is "ἀναγινώσκεις" (anaginōskeis), which means to know again or to recognize. This suggests that reading Scripture is not merely a passive activity but involves active recognition and understanding. Jesus is inviting the lawyer to reflect deeply on the meaning and implications of the Law, encouraging a thoughtful and discerning approach to God's Word. This question also implies that while the Scriptures are clear, they require careful and prayerful consideration to be rightly understood and applied.

He answered
This phrase introduces the response of an expert in the law, who is engaging with Jesus. The context is a dialogue where Jesus is asked about inheriting eternal life. The Greek word for "answered" is "apokrinomai," which implies a thoughtful response. This sets the stage for a profound teaching moment, emphasizing the importance of understanding and articulating one's faith.

‘Love the Lord your God
This commandment is rooted in the Shema, found in Deuteronomy 6:5. The Greek word for "love" here is "agapao," which denotes a selfless, sacrificial love. This phrase underscores the centrality of devotion to God in the life of a believer, calling for a relationship that is not merely emotional but involves the will and intellect.

with all your heart
The term "heart" in Greek is "kardia," which in biblical terms often refers to the center of one's being, encompassing emotions, desires, and will. This phrase calls for a total commitment to God, where one's innermost thoughts and feelings are aligned with divine will.

and with all your soul
The Greek word for "soul" is "psyche," which can mean life or self. This phrase suggests a devotion that encompasses one's entire life force and identity. Historically, the soul was seen as the essence of a person, and this commandment calls for that essence to be fully dedicated to God.

and with all your strength
"Strength" in Greek is "ischys," referring to physical power and capability. This phrase implies that loving God is not just an internal or spiritual act but involves tangible actions and efforts. It calls believers to serve God with their physical abilities and resources.

and with all your mind
The Greek word "dianoia" is used here, meaning intellect or understanding. This phrase highlights the importance of engaging one's cognitive faculties in the love of God. It suggests that faith is not blind but involves thoughtful reflection and comprehension of God's truths.

and Love your neighbor
This commandment is linked to Leviticus 19:18 and is central to Jesus' teaching. The Greek word "agapao" is again used for "love," indicating a selfless concern for others. This phrase expands the scope of love from God to fellow humans, emphasizing the interconnectedness of divine and human relationships.

as yourself
The phrase "as yourself" implies a standard of care and concern that one naturally has for oneself. It calls for empathy and equality in relationships, urging believers to treat others with the same respect and kindness they desire. This reflects the biblical principle of the Golden Rule and underscores the ethical dimension of Christian love.

You have answered correctly
In this phrase, Jesus acknowledges the accuracy of the lawyer's response. The Greek word for "correctly" is "orthos," which implies not only correctness but also righteousness and uprightness. This acknowledgment by Jesus highlights the importance of understanding and interpreting the Scriptures accurately. It serves as a reminder that knowledge of God's Word is foundational to living a life that pleases Him. The historical context here is significant, as Jesus often engaged with religious leaders who prided themselves on their knowledge of the law. By affirming the lawyer's answer, Jesus emphasizes that intellectual understanding is a step toward spiritual truth.

Jesus said
The authority of Jesus is underscored in this phrase. In the Gospels, when Jesus speaks, it is with divine authority and wisdom. The historical context of Jesus' ministry is one where His words often challenged the prevailing religious norms and brought new understanding. His teachings were revolutionary, yet deeply rooted in the Jewish tradition. This phrase reminds us that Jesus' words are not just historical records but living words that continue to speak to us today.

Do this
The Greek word for "do" is "poieo," which means to make, to act, or to carry out. This is a call to action, emphasizing that knowledge alone is insufficient without corresponding action. In the scriptural context, Jesus often taught that true faith is demonstrated through deeds. This aligns with the teachings found in the book of James, where faith without works is considered dead. The historical context of the Jewish law was not just about knowing the commandments but living them out in daily life.

and you will live
The promise of life is central to this phrase. The Greek word for "live" is "zao," which means to have life, to live, or to be alive. In the biblical context, this is not just physical life but eternal life, a life in relationship with God. Jesus is pointing to the deeper spiritual truth that obedience to God's commandments leads to true life. Historically, the Jewish understanding of life was deeply connected to living in accordance with God's will. This phrase encapsulates the essence of the Gospel message: that through Christ, we are offered eternal life, a life that begins now and continues forever in the presence of God.

But wanting to justify himself
The phrase "wanting to justify himself" reveals the lawyer's inner motivation. The Greek word for "justify" is "δικαιόω" (dikaioō), which means to declare righteous or to show oneself to be just. In this context, the lawyer is not seeking genuine understanding or transformation but rather attempting to validate his own righteousness. This reflects a common human tendency to seek self-justification rather than true repentance or humility before God. Historically, the Pharisees and experts in the law often sought to justify themselves through strict adherence to the law, missing the heart of God's commandments.

he asked Jesus
The act of asking Jesus indicates a direct engagement with the source of divine wisdom. The Greek verb "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used here, which means "he said" or "he asked." This interaction is significant because it shows the lawyer's recognition of Jesus as a teacher, yet his question is not born out of a desire to learn but to test. In the broader scriptural context, asking questions of Jesus often led to deeper revelations of truth, but the heart's intent behind the question is crucial.

And who is my neighbor?
This question, "And who is my neighbor?" is pivotal in understanding the parable that follows. The Greek word for "neighbor" is "πλησίον" (plēsion), which means someone who is near or a fellow human being. In the historical and cultural context of first-century Judaism, the concept of a neighbor was often limited to fellow Jews. However, Jesus' response in the subsequent parable of the Good Samaritan expands this definition to include all people, regardless of race, religion, or social status. This challenges the lawyer's—and our own—preconceived notions of community and compassion, urging believers to love universally and unconditionally.

In reply
This phrase indicates that Jesus is responding to a question or situation. In the context of Luke 10, Jesus is answering a lawyer's question about who qualifies as a "neighbor" in the commandment to love one's neighbor as oneself. The Greek word used here, "ἀποκριθείς" (apokritheis), suggests a thoughtful and deliberate response, emphasizing the importance of the teaching that follows.

Jesus said
The authority of Jesus is central to the Christian faith. When Jesus speaks, it is with divine authority and wisdom. The Greek "Ἰησοῦς" (Iēsous) is the name of Jesus, which means "Yahweh is salvation." This highlights the salvific nature of His teachings and actions.

A man
The Greek word "ἄνθρωπός" (anthrōpos) is used here, which can refer to a human being in general. This is significant because it sets the stage for a universal application of the parable. The man is not identified by nationality, religion, or status, emphasizing the inclusive nature of the message.

was going down
The phrase indicates movement and direction. The journey from Jerusalem to Jericho is a descent, both geographically and spiritually, as Jerusalem is situated at a higher elevation. This descent can symbolize the vulnerability and peril of the human condition.

from Jerusalem to Jericho
Jerusalem, the city of peace and the center of Jewish worship, contrasts with Jericho, a city with a more secular and commercial reputation. The road between them was known to be dangerous, often frequented by robbers. This setting provides a realistic backdrop for the parable, illustrating the dangers and challenges of life.

when he fell into the hands of robbers
The Greek word "λησταῖς" (lēstais) refers to bandits or highwaymen, indicating a violent encounter. This phrase highlights the reality of evil and suffering in the world. The man's plight is a metaphor for the spiritual and physical dangers that people face.

They stripped him
This act of stripping the man of his clothes signifies humiliation and vulnerability. In ancient times, clothing was a sign of identity and status. By taking his clothes, the robbers not only robbed him of his possessions but also his dignity.

beat him
The violence inflicted upon the man underscores the brutality of sin and the fallen nature of the world. The Greek word "πληγὰς" (plēgas) implies severe physical harm, reflecting the deep wounds that sin can inflict on humanity.

and went away
The robbers' departure after committing their crime signifies abandonment and neglect. This action contrasts with the forthcoming acts of compassion in the parable, highlighting the choice between indifference and mercy.

leaving him half dead
The condition of being "half dead" illustrates the severity of the man's situation. He is on the brink of death, symbolizing the desperate state of humanity without divine intervention. This phrase sets the stage for the need for a savior, someone who will show mercy and provide healing.

Now by chance
The phrase "by chance" in the Greek is "κατὰ συγκυρίαν" (kata sugkurian), which implies a seemingly random occurrence. In the context of divine providence, this phrase can be seen as highlighting the unexpected nature of the encounter. It suggests that while the meeting appears coincidental, it is within God's sovereign plan. This serves as a reminder that God orchestrates events in our lives, often using what seems random to fulfill His purposes.

a priest
The priest, or "ἱερεύς" (hiereus) in Greek, was a religious leader in Jewish society, responsible for performing sacrifices and maintaining the temple rituals. Priests were expected to embody the law and demonstrate compassion and mercy. The mention of a priest in this parable is significant because it sets up an expectation of religious duty and moral responsibility. The priest's role underscores the theme of religious hypocrisy when he fails to act compassionately.

was going down the same road
The road from Jerusalem to Jericho was notoriously dangerous, known for its steep descent and frequent robberies. The phrase "going down" indicates the physical journey from the holy city of Jerusalem to Jericho, a city often associated with sin. This journey can symbolize a spiritual descent or a movement away from the presence of God, highlighting the priest's moral failure in the story.

but when he saw him
The Greek word for "saw" is "ἰδών" (idōn), which implies more than a casual glance; it suggests a deliberate observation. The priest's seeing indicates awareness and recognition of the man's plight. This moment of seeing is crucial because it represents the opportunity for compassion and action. The priest's failure to respond after seeing the injured man highlights a disconnect between knowledge and action, a theme that resonates with the call to live out one's faith through deeds.

he passed by on the other side
The phrase "passed by on the other side" is translated from the Greek "ἀντιπαρῆλθεν" (antiparēlthen), which means to avoid or to go around. This action signifies a deliberate choice to avoid involvement or responsibility. The priest's decision to pass by reflects a prioritization of ritual purity over compassion, as touching a potentially dead body would have rendered him ceremonially unclean. This choice underscores the parable's critique of legalism and the call to prioritize love and mercy over ritualistic adherence.

So too, a Levite
The Levites were members of the tribe of Levi, set apart for religious duties in Israel. Historically, they were responsible for the care of the tabernacle and later the temple, assisting the priests in their sacred duties. The mention of a Levite in this parable is significant because it highlights a person who, by virtue of his religious role, would be expected to show compassion and adherence to God's laws, including the command to love one's neighbor. The Greek word for Levite, "Λευίτης" (Leuitēs), emphasizes his identity as a religious figure, which makes his actions—or lack thereof—more poignant in the narrative.

when he came to that spot
The phrase "came to that spot" indicates a deliberate approach to the location where the injured man lay. The Greek word "ἐλθὼν" (elthōn) suggests an intentional movement, implying that the Levite was aware of the situation. This detail underscores the Levite's conscious decision-making process, as he was not merely passing by without noticing the man in need. The specificity of "that spot" serves to focus the reader's attention on the exactness of the encounter, emphasizing the opportunity for the Levite to act.

and saw him
The act of seeing, "ἰδὼν" (idōn), is crucial in this context. It indicates that the Levite was fully aware of the man's condition. In biblical terms, seeing often implies understanding and acknowledgment. The Levite's sight of the injured man should have prompted a response of compassion and mercy, as seeing is often the first step toward action. This phrase highlights the Levite's moral and spiritual failure, as he chooses to ignore the need he clearly perceives.

passed by on the other side
The phrase "passed by on the other side" is translated from the Greek "ἀντιπαρῆλθεν" (antiparēlthen), which conveys a deliberate avoidance. This action is not merely a passive neglect but an active decision to distance oneself from the situation. In the cultural and religious context of the time, such behavior would be seen as a failure to fulfill the law's demands for mercy and compassion. The Levite's choice to avoid the injured man contrasts sharply with the expected behavior of someone in his religious position, serving as a critique of empty religiosity that lacks genuine love and compassion.

But a Samaritan
The mention of a Samaritan is significant, as Samaritans were generally despised by the Jews during the time of Jesus. The Samaritans were a group that descended from Israelites who had intermarried with foreigners brought in by the Assyrians. This historical context highlights the radical nature of Jesus' parable, as He chooses a Samaritan to exemplify true neighborly love, challenging the prejudices of His audience.

as he traveled
This phrase indicates that the Samaritan was on a journey, suggesting that he had his own plans and destinations. The Greek word used here implies movement and purpose, yet the Samaritan is willing to interrupt his journey. This reflects the Christian call to be open to divine appointments and to prioritize compassion over personal agendas.

came to him
The Samaritan's action of coming to the injured man signifies a deliberate choice to engage with someone in need. In the cultural context, approaching a stranger, especially one who might be considered an enemy, was an act of courage and compassion. This reflects the Christian teaching of drawing near to those who are suffering, regardless of societal barriers.

and saw him
The act of seeing goes beyond mere physical sight; it implies perception and understanding. The Greek word used here suggests a deeper awareness and acknowledgment of the man's condition. This challenges believers to truly see and recognize the needs around them, not just superficially, but with a heart ready to respond.

and had compassion
Compassion is a central theme in this verse, and the Greek word used here, "splagchnizomai," conveys a deep, gut-wrenching empathy. This is the same word often used to describe Jesus' own compassion for the crowds. It calls Christians to embody a love that is visceral and active, moving beyond feelings to tangible acts of mercy.

He went to him
This phrase indicates the Samaritan's intentional action and initiative. In the Greek, "προσελθών" (proselthōn) suggests a deliberate approach, emphasizing the Samaritan's willingness to cross cultural and social boundaries. Historically, Jews and Samaritans had deep-seated animosities, yet the Samaritan's actions transcend these barriers, illustrating the call to love one's neighbor without prejudice.

and bandaged his wounds
The Greek word "κατέδησεν" (katedēsen) implies a careful and compassionate act of binding. This action reflects a deep level of care and concern, as the Samaritan uses his own resources to tend to the injured man's needs. In a historical context, bandaging wounds was a basic yet essential form of first aid, demonstrating the Samaritan's practical love and mercy.

pouring on oil and wine
In ancient times, oil and wine were common medicinal agents. The Greek words "ἐπιχέων ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον" (epicheōn elaion kai oinon) highlight the Samaritan's use of these valuable resources. Oil was used to soothe and soften wounds, while wine acted as an antiseptic. This phrase underscores the Samaritan's generosity and willingness to use his own provisions for the well-being of another.

Then he put him on his own animal
The phrase "ἐπιβιβάσας αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον κτῆνος" (epibibasas auton epi to idion ktēnos) indicates a significant sacrifice. By placing the injured man on his own animal, the Samaritan chooses to walk, prioritizing the man's comfort over his own. This act of selflessness is a powerful demonstration of love in action, aligning with the biblical principle of putting others before oneself.

brought him to an inn
The Greek "ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς πανδοχεῖον" (ēgagen auton eis pandocheion) suggests a continued commitment to the man's care. Inns in the ancient world were places of refuge for travelers, and bringing the injured man to an inn indicates the Samaritan's desire to ensure his safety and recovery. This action reflects a comprehensive approach to neighborly love, extending beyond immediate needs.

and took care of him
The phrase "ἐπεμελήθη αὐτοῦ" (epemelēthē autou) conveys ongoing attention and concern. The Samaritan's care does not end with delivering the man to the inn; he continues to provide for him, ensuring his needs are met. This reflects the biblical call to persistent and enduring love, mirroring God's unwavering care for humanity.

The next day
This phrase indicates a continuation of the Good Samaritan's commitment beyond the initial act of mercy. In the Greek, "the next day" (τῇ ἐπαύριον) suggests a deliberate and ongoing concern, emphasizing the Samaritan's dedication. It reflects the Christian call to sustained compassion, not just momentary acts of kindness.

he took out
The Greek verb used here, ἐκβαλών, implies a purposeful action. The Samaritan's decision to take out money signifies intentionality and sacrifice. This act challenges believers to consider how they allocate their resources for the benefit of others, embodying the principle of stewardship.

two denarii
A denarius was a day's wage for a laborer in the Roman Empire. By giving two denarii, the Samaritan provided for the man's care for at least two days, possibly more. This generosity underscores the depth of his compassion and serves as a model for Christians to give sacrificially and abundantly.

and gave them to the innkeeper
The act of giving to the innkeeper signifies trust and delegation. The Samaritan entrusts the care of the wounded man to another, highlighting the importance of community and cooperation in ministry. It reminds believers that while they may initiate acts of mercy, they often require the support and involvement of others.

‘Take care of him,’ he said
This directive, in Greek, προσέχων αὐτῷ, is a command to provide attentive care. It reflects the heart of Christian service, which is to attend to the needs of others with diligence and compassion. The Samaritan's words echo the call to love one's neighbor as oneself, a central tenet of Christian ethics.

‘and on my return
The promise of return indicates accountability and follow-through. The Samaritan's commitment to come back and settle any remaining debts illustrates the Christian principle of faithfulness. It serves as a reminder that true compassion involves seeing a task through to completion.

I will repay you
This assurance of repayment highlights the Samaritan's integrity and responsibility. In a broader sense, it reflects the Christian belief in divine justice and reward. Believers are encouraged to trust that their acts of kindness will be honored by God, even if not immediately recognized by others.

for any additional expense.’
The phrase "any additional expense" (ὅ τι ἂν προσδαπανήσῃς) suggests an open-ended commitment to meet unforeseen needs. This reflects the boundless nature of God's love and grace, encouraging Christians to be prepared to go beyond the expected in their service to others. It challenges believers to embrace a spirit of generosity that mirrors the limitless compassion of Christ.

Which of these three
This phrase refers to the three individuals in the parable of the Good Samaritan: the priest, the Levite, and the Samaritan. In the context of first-century Judea, these figures represent different societal roles and expectations. The priest and Levite, both of whom passed by the injured man, were expected to uphold religious law and compassion. The Samaritan, however, was part of a group despised by Jews due to historical and religious animosities. The Greek word "τίνες" (tines) for "which" invites the listener to discern and judge, emphasizing personal responsibility in moral decision-making.

do you think
This phrase engages the listener directly, prompting introspection and personal reflection. The Greek word "δοκεῖ" (dokei) implies an invitation to form an opinion or judgment. Jesus uses this question to challenge societal norms and personal biases, encouraging His audience to think beyond cultural prejudices and to evaluate actions based on love and mercy rather than social status or ethnicity.

was a neighbor
The concept of "neighbor" in this context is pivotal. The Greek word "πλησίον" (plēsion) traditionally referred to someone who is physically near or part of one's community. However, Jesus redefines "neighbor" to mean anyone in need, regardless of social or ethnic boundaries. This redefinition challenges the prevailing Jewish understanding of neighbor as only fellow Jews, expanding it to include all humanity, thus emphasizing the universal call to love and compassion.

to the man
The phrase "to the man" highlights the individual who was victimized, emphasizing his humanity and need. The Greek "τῷ ἄνθρωπῳ" (tō anthrōpō) underscores the personal nature of the encounter. This focus on the individual rather than his identity or status serves as a reminder that every person is worthy of compassion and aid, reflecting the intrinsic value of human life as created in the image of God.

who fell into the hands of robbers
This phrase describes the plight of the victim, emphasizing vulnerability and injustice. The Greek "περιέπεσεν" (periepesen) suggests an unexpected and violent encounter, while "λῃσταῖς" (lēstais) refers to bandits or robbers, common threats on the dangerous roads of ancient Judea. This imagery evokes a sense of urgency and the moral imperative to respond to those in dire circumstances, regardless of personal risk or inconvenience.

The one who showed him mercy
This phrase is a direct response from the expert in the law to Jesus' question about who was a neighbor to the man who fell among robbers. The Greek word for "mercy" here is "ἔλεος" (eleos), which conveys a deep sense of compassion and kindness, often associated with divine grace. In the context of the parable of the Good Samaritan, this mercy transcends cultural and religious boundaries, highlighting the universal call to love and compassion. Historically, Samaritans and Jews were at odds, yet the Samaritan's actions exemplify the love that Jesus commands, breaking down societal barriers and prejudices.

Jesus told him
This phrase indicates Jesus' authoritative role as a teacher and His method of using parables to convey profound truths. The Greek verb "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used here, emphasizing the act of speaking with intention and purpose. Jesus' teachings often challenged the prevailing norms and invited His listeners to a higher standard of love and righteousness. In this context, Jesus is not merely imparting knowledge but inviting transformation and action.

Go and do likewise
This command from Jesus is both simple and profound. The Greek word for "go" is "πορεύου" (poreuou), which implies movement and action. It is a call to live out one's faith through tangible acts of love and mercy. The phrase "do likewise" (ποιεῖν ὁμοίως, poiein homoios) suggests imitation of the Samaritan's example, urging believers to embody the same compassion and selflessness. This directive is not just for the expert in the law but for all followers of Christ, challenging them to break down barriers and extend mercy to all, regardless of societal divisions. The historical context of this command underscores the radical nature of Jesus' message, as it calls for a redefinition of neighborly love that transcends ethnic and religious boundaries.

As they traveled along
This phrase sets the scene for the narrative, indicating movement and journey. The Greek word for "traveled" (πορεύομαι, poreuomai) suggests a purposeful journey, often used in the context of a mission or divine appointment. Jesus and His disciples were on a mission, spreading the message of the Kingdom of God. This journey motif is significant in Luke's Gospel, emphasizing the itinerant nature of Jesus' ministry and His commitment to reaching various communities.

Jesus entered a village
The act of entering a village signifies Jesus' willingness to engage with people in their own contexts. The Greek word for "village" (κώμη, kōmē) refers to a small settlement, highlighting that Jesus' ministry was not limited to large cities or prominent places. This reflects the inclusivity of His mission, reaching out to all, regardless of their social or geographical status. Historically, villages were tight-knit communities, and Jesus' presence would have been a significant event, drawing attention and curiosity.

where a woman named Martha
Martha is introduced here, and her name in Aramaic means "lady" or "mistress," indicating her role as the head of the household. In the cultural context of the time, women often managed the domestic sphere, and Martha's initiative in welcoming Jesus shows her leadership and hospitality. Her mention by name highlights her importance in the narrative and sets the stage for the subsequent interaction with Jesus.

welcomed Him
The act of welcoming (Greek: ὑποδέχομαι, hypodechomai) is more than a mere greeting; it implies receiving someone with honor and hospitality. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, hospitality was a sacred duty, and welcoming a guest was an expression of respect and generosity. Martha's welcome indicates her recognition of Jesus' significance and her desire to honor Him through her hospitality.

into her home
The home (Greek: οἶκος, oikos) is a central place of family life and community interaction. By inviting Jesus into her home, Martha opens her personal space to Him, symbolizing openness to His teachings and presence. In the biblical context, the home is often a place of teaching, fellowship, and spiritual growth. This act of inviting Jesus into her home can be seen as a metaphor for inviting Him into one's life, allowing His presence to transform and bless the household.

She had a sister named Mary
This phrase introduces us to Mary, the sister of Martha and Lazarus. The name "Mary" is derived from the Hebrew "Miryam," which can mean "beloved" or "rebellious." In the context of the New Testament, Mary is often portrayed as a devoted follower of Jesus. Historically, Mary of Bethany is distinct from other Marys in the Bible, such as Mary Magdalene or Mary, the mother of Jesus. Her role in this narrative sets the stage for a lesson on discipleship and priorities.

who sat at the Lord’s feet
The act of sitting at someone's feet was a traditional posture of a disciple learning from a rabbi. In the Jewish culture of the time, this was a position of humility and eagerness to learn. The Greek word used here for "sat" is "παρακαθεσθεῖσα" (parakathestheisa), which implies a deliberate choice to be close and attentive. This phrase highlights Mary's desire to be near Jesus, emphasizing her commitment to spiritual growth and understanding.

listening to His message
The Greek word for "listening" is "ἤκουεν" (ēkouen), which suggests an active, continuous action. Mary was not merely hearing Jesus' words; she was absorbing and contemplating them. The "message" refers to the teachings of Jesus, which were revolutionary and life-changing. In the broader scriptural context, this underscores the importance of prioritizing the Word of God in one's life. Mary's choice to listen reflects a heart open to transformation and a mind eager to comprehend divine truths.

But Martha
The name "Martha" is of Aramaic origin, meaning "lady" or "mistress." Martha is often seen as a symbol of service and hospitality, reflecting the cultural expectations of women in first-century Judea. Her role in the household was significant, as she was responsible for the care and management of the home. This highlights the importance of hospitality in Jewish culture, where welcoming guests was a sacred duty.

was distracted
The Greek word used here is "periespato," which conveys the idea of being pulled or dragged in different directions. This suggests that Martha's attention was divided, indicating a state of inner turmoil and anxiety. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a caution against allowing worldly concerns to overshadow spiritual priorities.

by all the preparations
The phrase "all the preparations" refers to the tasks associated with hosting and serving guests. In the context of Jewish customs, this would include preparing food, ensuring the comfort of guests, and maintaining the household. This reflects the cultural emphasis on hospitality and the pressure Martha felt to fulfill these societal expectations.

to be made
This phrase underscores the necessity and urgency Martha felt in completing her tasks. It highlights the tension between the demands of daily life and the call to spiritual attentiveness. The phrase invites reflection on the balance between action and contemplation in the Christian life.

She came to Jesus
Martha's approach to Jesus signifies her recognition of His authority and her desire for His intervention. It reflects a personal relationship with Jesus, where she feels comfortable expressing her concerns. This act of coming to Jesus is a model for believers to bring their burdens and anxieties to Him in prayer.

and said, 'Lord, do You not care
The title "Lord" acknowledges Jesus' divine authority and power. Martha's question, "do You not care," reveals her frustration and sense of being overwhelmed. It is a poignant reminder of human vulnerability and the tendency to doubt God's concern in times of stress.

that my sister has left me
This phrase indicates a sense of abandonment and highlights the relational dynamics between Martha and her sister, Mary. It reflects the human experience of feeling unsupported and the desire for shared responsibility. In a broader sense, it speaks to the need for community and mutual support within the body of Christ.

to serve alone?
The word "serve" is derived from the Greek "diakonein," which means to minister or attend to the needs of others. This reflects the Christian call to service, yet Martha's emphasis on "alone" underscores her isolation and the burden she feels. It serves as a reminder of the importance of serving with a joyful heart and the dangers of resentment in ministry.

Tell her to help me!'
Martha's request for Jesus to intervene suggests her belief in His authority to resolve conflicts. It also reveals her desire for fairness and assistance. This plea can be seen as a call for balance between service and spiritual nourishment, encouraging believers to seek Jesus' guidance in prioritizing their lives.

Martha, Martha
The repetition of Martha's name by Jesus is significant. In biblical literature, the repetition of a name often indicates a deep emotional connection or a call to attention. This double address can be seen as a tender expression of concern and love. In the Greek, the repetition emphasizes the personal nature of Jesus' address, showing His intimate knowledge of Martha's heart and situation. Historically, this reflects the oral tradition of emphasizing important points through repetition, a common practice in ancient Near Eastern cultures.

the Lord replied
The use of "the Lord" here underscores the authority of Jesus in the narrative. In the Greek text, "Kyrios" is used, which is a title of respect and authority, often used for God. This highlights Jesus' divine authority and His role as a teacher and guide. The historical context of this title reflects the early Christian understanding of Jesus as both Lord and Savior, a central tenet of Christian faith.

you are worried
The Greek word used here is "merimnas," which conveys a sense of being anxious or overly concerned. This word choice indicates a state of distraction and preoccupation with worldly matters. In the scriptural context, it serves as a reminder of the human tendency to become consumed by daily tasks and worries, drawing attention away from spiritual priorities.

and upset
The term "upset" is translated from the Greek "thorubazō," which implies being troubled or disturbed. This word choice suggests an inner turmoil or agitation. Historically, this reflects the common human experience of being overwhelmed by responsibilities and emotions, a theme that resonates throughout biblical teachings on peace and trust in God.

about many things
The phrase "about many things" indicates the multitude of concerns that can distract from what is truly important. In the Greek, "peri polla" suggests a scattering of focus across various tasks or worries. This serves as a caution against allowing the busyness of life to overshadow spiritual devotion and the pursuit of God's kingdom. Scripturally, it aligns with teachings on prioritizing one's relationship with God above all else, as seen in passages like Matthew 6:33.

But only one thing is necessary
This phrase emphasizes the singular importance of spiritual focus and devotion to Christ. The Greek word for "necessary" (ἀναγκαῖος, anankaios) implies something that is essential or indispensable. In the context of this passage, Jesus is contrasting the many distractions of life with the singular necessity of prioritizing one's relationship with Him. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4-5), which calls for loving God with all one's heart, soul, and strength. The "one thing" is a call to undivided devotion, echoing the wisdom literature of the Old Testament, such as Psalm 27:4, where David expresses a desire to dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of his life.

Mary has chosen the good portion
The phrase "the good portion" (ἡ ἀγαθὴ μερίδα, hē agathē merida) is rich with meaning. The word "portion" (μερίδα, merida) can refer to a share or part of something, often used in the Old Testament to describe the inheritance or blessing given by God (e.g., Psalm 16:5, "The LORD is my chosen portion"). By choosing to sit at Jesus' feet and listen to His teaching, Mary is depicted as selecting the best inheritance, one that is spiritual and eternal. This choice is contrasted with the temporal concerns of daily life, represented by Martha's busyness. The "good portion" signifies the eternal value of spiritual nourishment over worldly distractions, aligning with Jesus' teaching in Matthew 6:33 to seek first the kingdom of God.

and it will not be taken away from her
This assurance from Jesus underscores the permanence and security of spiritual blessings. The Greek verb for "taken away" (ἀφαιρεθήσεται, aphairethēsetai) suggests removal or deprivation. Jesus promises that the spiritual insight and relationship Mary gains from her time with Him are eternal and cannot be lost or stolen. This reflects the biblical theme of the eternal nature of God's gifts, as seen in Romans 11:29, where Paul writes that God's gifts and calling are irrevocable. The phrase also offers comfort and encouragement to believers, affirming that their spiritual investments are secure in Christ, echoing the assurance found in John 10:28, where Jesus declares that no one can snatch His sheep out of His hand.