My son
This phrase is a tender address, indicating a personal and intimate relationship. In Hebrew, "בְּנִי" (beni) is used, which is a term of endearment and instruction. It reflects the familial context in which wisdom is often passed down, emphasizing the importance of generational teaching. In a broader sense, it can be seen as God addressing His children, urging them to heed His wisdom.

do not forget
The Hebrew word "תִּשְׁכַּח" (tishkach) implies more than just a lapse in memory; it suggests a deliberate neglect or disregard. In the ancient Near Eastern context, remembering was an active, intentional process. This phrase calls for a conscious effort to retain and apply the teachings, highlighting the human tendency to drift away from divine wisdom if not actively engaged.

my teaching
The term "תּוֹרָתִי" (torati) is derived from "Torah," which means instruction or law. It encompasses not just legalistic commands but a holistic way of life. In the Jewish tradition, Torah is the foundation of moral and spiritual guidance. This phrase underscores the comprehensive nature of divine instruction, which is meant to guide every aspect of life.

but let your heart
The heart, "לִבֶּךָ" (libecha) in Hebrew, is considered the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. In biblical times, the heart was seen as the seat of decision-making and moral character. This phrase emphasizes the internalization of wisdom, suggesting that true adherence to God's commandments comes from a heartfelt commitment.

keep
The Hebrew word "יִשְׁמֹר" (yishmor) means to guard, protect, or observe. It conveys a sense of vigilance and careful attention. In the context of ancient Israel, keeping the commandments was not just about obedience but about safeguarding one's relationship with God. This phrase calls for an active, ongoing commitment to live according to divine principles.

my commandments
The term "מִצְוֹתַי" (mitzvotai) refers to God's directives or orders. In the biblical context, commandments are not arbitrary rules but expressions of God's will and character. They are designed to lead to a life of righteousness and blessing. This phrase highlights the importance of aligning one's life with God's standards, recognizing them as the path to true wisdom and fulfillment.

for they will add
The phrase "for they will add" suggests an increase or multiplication. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "yospu," derived from the root "yasaph," meaning to add or increase. This implies that adherence to the teachings and wisdom of God, as outlined in the preceding verses, results in tangible benefits. The concept of addition here is not merely quantitative but qualitative, enhancing the overall quality of life.

length to your days
The term "length" in Hebrew is "orekh," which conveys the idea of prolongation or extension. "Days" refers to the daily experiences and the span of one's life. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a long life was considered a sign of divine favor and blessing. This promise of extended days is contingent upon living in accordance with divine wisdom, suggesting that a life aligned with God's principles is not only longer but also more fulfilling.

years
The word "years" in Hebrew is "shanim," which emphasizes the passage of time. In biblical literature, years often symbolize significant periods marked by growth, learning, and maturity. The promise of additional years underscores the idea that wisdom leads to a life rich in experiences and opportunities for spiritual and personal development.

and peace
"Peace" is translated from the Hebrew word "shalom," a term that encompasses wholeness, health, prosperity, and tranquility. Shalom is more than the absence of conflict; it is the presence of God's order and blessing. In the biblical worldview, peace is a gift from God, resulting from living in harmony with His will. This peace is both internal, affecting the heart and mind, and external, influencing relationships and circumstances.

to your life
The phrase "to your life" refers to the entirety of one's existence. In Hebrew, "life" is "chayim," which signifies not just physical life but also spiritual vitality and well-being. The promise here is that wisdom and obedience to God's commandments enrich every aspect of life, providing not only longevity but also depth and meaning. This holistic view of life reflects the biblical understanding that true life is found in relationship with God and alignment with His purposes.

Let kindness and truth never leave you
The Hebrew words for "kindness" (חֶסֶד, chesed) and "truth" (אֱמֶת, emet) are rich in meaning. "Chesed" often refers to steadfast love, mercy, and loyalty, reflecting God's covenantal love for His people. It is a love that is enduring and faithful, a love that acts. "Emet" signifies reliability, faithfulness, and truthfulness. Together, these words encapsulate the essence of a life lived in accordance with God's will. Historically, these virtues were central to the covenant relationship between God and Israel, and they remain foundational for Christian ethics today. The exhortation to never let them leave you suggests a continual, active pursuit of these virtues, indicating that they should be integral to one's character and daily conduct.

bind them around your neck
The imagery of binding these virtues around one's neck suggests a visible, constant reminder of their importance. In ancient times, wearing something around the neck was a way to keep it close and visible, much like a necklace or amulet. This metaphor implies that kindness and truth should be as close to us as our own skin, influencing our actions and decisions. The neck, being a vital and visible part of the body, symbolizes the outward expression of these inward virtues. This phrase encourages believers to make kindness and truth evident in their lives, as a testimony to others of their commitment to God's ways.

write them on the tablet of your heart
The heart, in Hebrew thought, is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. Writing these virtues on the "tablet of your heart" suggests a deep, internalization of kindness and truth. In ancient times, tablets were used for recording important information, meant to be preserved and remembered. This metaphor indicates that these virtues should be permanently inscribed in our innermost being, guiding our thoughts, decisions, and actions. The heart as a tablet also implies that these virtues are not just for show but are to be genuinely embraced and lived out. This internalization reflects the transformative power of God's Word and Spirit in shaping a believer's character to align with His divine nature.

Then you will find favor
The Hebrew word for "favor" is "חֵן" (chen), which conveys a sense of grace, charm, or acceptance. In the biblical context, finding favor is often associated with divine blessing and approval. This phrase suggests that living according to the wisdom and understanding outlined in the preceding verses leads to a life that is pleasing to both God and others. The concept of favor in the Bible often implies a relational harmony and a state of being that aligns with God's will, resulting in His blessings.

and high regard
The phrase "high regard" is translated from the Hebrew word "שֵׂכֶל" (sekel), which can mean prudence, insight, or good sense. In this context, it implies a reputation for wisdom and understanding. High regard is not merely about external appearances but reflects an inner quality of character that is recognized and respected by others. This aligns with the biblical principle that true wisdom and understanding lead to a life that is respected and honored by those around us.

in the sight of God and man
This phrase emphasizes the dual aspect of living a life of wisdom: it is not only about our relationship with God but also about our interactions with others. The Hebrew word for "sight" is "עֵינַיִם" (einaim), meaning "eyes" or "sight," indicating visibility and perception. Living wisely ensures that our actions are pleasing and acceptable both to God, who sees the heart, and to people, who observe our outward behavior. This dual approval reflects the holistic nature of biblical wisdom, which encompasses both spiritual and social dimensions. The phrase echoes the life of Jesus, who "grew in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man" (Luke 2:52), serving as a model for believers to aspire to a balanced and harmonious life.

Trust in the LORD
The Hebrew word for "trust" is "batach," which conveys a sense of security and confidence. In the ancient Near Eastern context, trust was often associated with reliance on a stronghold or refuge. Here, the verse calls believers to place their complete confidence in the LORD, Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God of Israel. This trust is not passive but active, requiring a conscious decision to rely on God's character and promises. Historically, the Israelites were reminded of God's faithfulness through events like the Exodus, which served as a foundation for their trust.

with all your heart
The Hebrew term for "heart" is "lev," which encompasses not just emotions but the mind, will, and inner being. In biblical anthropology, the heart is the center of one's being, where decisions are made and desires are formed. The phrase "with all your heart" implies total commitment and devotion, leaving no room for divided loyalties. This comprehensive trust in God is a call to surrender every aspect of one's life to His guidance and wisdom, reflecting a holistic approach to faith.

and lean not
The word "lean" in Hebrew is "sha'an," meaning to support oneself or rely on something. The imagery here is of a person who might be tempted to prop themselves up with their own understanding, much like leaning on a crutch. The verse warns against this self-reliance, which can lead to instability and error. In the ancient world, leaning on one's own understanding was akin to building on a shaky foundation, contrasting with the firm foundation found in God's wisdom.

on your own understanding
"Understanding" in Hebrew is "binah," which refers to insight, discernment, or intelligence. While human understanding is a gift from God, it is limited and fallible. The verse cautions against elevating personal insight above divine revelation. Historically, the wisdom literature of the Bible, including Proverbs, emphasizes the superiority of God's wisdom over human reasoning. This admonition encourages believers to seek God's perspective, acknowledging that His ways and thoughts are higher than ours, as stated in Isaiah 55:8-9.

in all your ways
This phrase emphasizes the totality of our lives. The Hebrew word for "ways" is "derek," which means a road, journey, or manner. It suggests that every aspect of our lives, whether mundane or significant, should be lived with an awareness of God's presence and guidance. Historically, the Israelites understood life as a journey, often fraught with challenges and decisions. This phrase calls believers to submit every part of their journey to God, recognizing His sovereignty over all circumstances.

acknowledge Him
The Hebrew word for "acknowledge" is "yada," which means to know deeply or intimately. This is not a mere intellectual assent but a profound recognition and relationship with God. In the ancient Near Eastern context, acknowledging a deity involved worship, obedience, and trust. For conservative Christians, this means living in a way that reflects a deep, personal relationship with God, characterized by prayer, study of Scripture, and obedience to His commands.

and He will make
This phrase indicates a promise of divine intervention. The Hebrew verb "yashar" means to make straight, smooth, or right. It implies that God actively participates in the lives of those who trust Him, aligning their paths with His will. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship between God and His people, where God promises to guide and protect those who are faithful to Him.

your paths straight
The imagery of "paths" being made "straight" suggests clarity, direction, and purpose. In the ancient world, a straight path was a safe and efficient route, free from obstacles and dangers. For believers, this means that God provides direction and removes hindrances when we trust and acknowledge Him. Scripturally, this aligns with the broader biblical theme of God as a guide and protector, leading His people through life's complexities toward His intended destination.

Do not be wise in your own eyes
This phrase warns against the pride and self-reliance that can come from trusting in one's own understanding. The Hebrew word for "wise" here is "chakam," which implies skill and shrewdness. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was highly valued, but this verse cautions against a wisdom that is self-centered and disconnected from God. The phrase "in your own eyes" suggests a subjective perspective, where one's judgment is not aligned with divine truth. This admonition echoes throughout Scripture, reminding believers that true wisdom comes from God (James 1:5) and that human wisdom is limited and often flawed (1 Corinthians 3:19).

fear the LORD
The "fear of the LORD" is a central theme in Proverbs and is foundational to a life of wisdom. The Hebrew word "yirah" can mean fear, reverence, or awe. This fear is not about being terrified of God but having a deep respect and reverence for His power, holiness, and authority. It acknowledges God's rightful place as Creator and Sovereign. Historically, this concept was crucial for the Israelites, who were called to be distinct from surrounding nations by their devotion to Yahweh. In a conservative Christian perspective, fearing the Lord is seen as the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10) and is essential for a righteous life.

and turn away from evil
This phrase calls for a deliberate rejection of sin and wrongdoing. The Hebrew word "sur" means to turn aside or depart. It implies an active decision to avoid evil paths and behaviors. In the biblical narrative, turning away from evil is often associated with repentance and a return to God's ways. This action is not merely about avoiding sin but is part of a holistic commitment to live according to God's standards. The historical context of Proverbs, with its emphasis on moral and ethical living, underscores the importance of this command. For Christians, turning away from evil is part of the sanctification process, empowered by the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:13).

This will bring
The phrase "this will bring" indicates a direct consequence or result of the actions or attitudes previously mentioned in the preceding verses. In the context of Proverbs 3, the preceding verses emphasize trusting in the Lord, acknowledging Him, and turning away from evil. The Hebrew root for "bring" (יָבוֹא, yavo) suggests an arrival or coming into a state of being. This implies that the benefits described are not merely potential but assured outcomes of living in accordance with divine wisdom.

healing to your body
The word "healing" comes from the Hebrew root "רִפְאוּת" (riph'ut), which conveys the idea of restoration and cure. In ancient Israel, health was seen as a blessing from God, and the concept of healing extended beyond physical wellness to include spiritual and emotional wholeness. The "body" (שָׁרֶךָ, sharekha) refers to the navel or the central part of the body, symbolizing the core of one's physical being. This suggests that divine wisdom and obedience to God's commands bring comprehensive health and vitality.

and refreshment to your bones
The term "refreshment" is derived from the Hebrew word "שִׁקוּי" (shiqquy), which means to drink or to be saturated. It implies a sense of invigoration and renewal. The "bones" (עֲצָמוֹתֶיךָ, atzamotekha) are often used metaphorically in Scripture to represent strength and the very essence of life. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bones were considered the framework of the body, essential for movement and support. Thus, the promise of refreshment to the bones signifies a deep, foundational rejuvenation that affects one's entire being.

Honor the LORD
The word "Honor" in Hebrew is "כָּבֵד" (kavod), which means to give weight or to glorify. In the context of Proverbs, it implies giving God the highest respect and reverence. This is not merely an internal attitude but is expressed through actions. The LORD, represented by the tetragrammaton YHWH, is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature and His relationship with His people. Honoring the LORD involves recognizing His sovereignty and authority over all aspects of life, acknowledging His provision, and living in a way that reflects His holiness.

with your wealth
The Hebrew word for "wealth" is "הוֹן" (hon), which can also be translated as substance or riches. This phrase suggests that honoring God is not limited to spiritual or emotional aspects but extends to material possessions. In ancient Israel, wealth was often seen as a blessing from God, and thus, it was fitting to use it to honor Him. This reflects a principle of stewardship, where believers are called to manage their resources in a way that glorifies God, recognizing that all they have is ultimately His.

and with the firstfruits
"Firstfruits" in Hebrew is "רֵאשִׁית" (reshit), referring to the first and best portion of the harvest. In the agricultural society of ancient Israel, offering the firstfruits was a tangible expression of trust in God's provision. It was an act of faith, acknowledging that God would continue to provide for their needs. This principle can be applied today by prioritizing God in our finances and giving Him the best of what we have, not the leftovers.

of all your harvest
The word "harvest" in Hebrew is "תְּבוּאָה" (tebuah), which means produce or yield. This phrase emphasizes the totality of what one receives, suggesting that every aspect of one's increase should be dedicated to God. In a broader sense, it implies that all areas of life, not just financial, should be offered to God. This comprehensive dedication is a reminder that God is the source of all blessings, and our response should be one of gratitude and devotion.

then
The word "then" serves as a conjunction that connects the promise in this verse to the preceding conditions outlined in Proverbs 3:9, which speaks of honoring the Lord with one's wealth. In Hebrew, this is a conditional promise, indicating that the blessings described are contingent upon the fulfillment of the prior command. This reflects a common biblical principle of cause and effect, where obedience to God's commands results in divine blessings.

your barns
In ancient agrarian societies, barns were essential for storing grain and other produce. The Hebrew word for "barns" (אֲסָמֶיךָ, 'asamim) suggests a place of storage and security. This imagery would resonate deeply with an audience familiar with the agricultural cycle, emphasizing God's provision and the security that comes from His blessing. It symbolizes not just physical abundance but also spiritual and emotional security.

will be filled
The phrase "will be filled" indicates a state of completeness and satisfaction. The Hebrew root word (מָלֵא, male) conveys the idea of being full or complete. This suggests that God's blessings are not partial or lacking but are abundant and sufficient to meet all needs. It reflects the biblical theme of God's provision being more than adequate for those who trust and honor Him.

with plenty
"Plenty" (שָׂבֵעַ, sabea) in Hebrew conveys the idea of abundance and satisfaction. This word underscores the concept of God's provision being not just enough but overflowing. It speaks to the generosity of God and His desire to bless His people abundantly when they live in obedience to His commands.

and your vats
Vats were large containers used in the process of winemaking, where the juice from pressed grapes was collected. The Hebrew word (יְקָבֶיךָ, yekabim) refers to these containers, which were crucial in the production of wine, a staple in ancient Near Eastern culture. This imagery would be familiar to the original audience, symbolizing not only material prosperity but also joy and celebration, as wine was often associated with festivity.

will overflow
The term "will overflow" (יִפְרֹצוּ, yifrotzu) suggests an excess or surplus beyond what is needed. This Hebrew word implies a breaking forth or bursting out, indicating that God's blessings are not just sufficient but are more than enough, spilling over into every area of life. It reflects the biblical theme of God's generosity and the superabundance of His grace.

with new wine
"New wine" (תִּירוֹשׁ, tirosh) refers to freshly pressed grape juice, which was a symbol of blessing and prosperity in the ancient world. In the biblical context, new wine represents joy, celebration, and the fruitfulness of the land. It is a metaphor for the newness and vitality that comes from living in alignment with God's will. This imagery would evoke a sense of hope and expectation for the original audience, reminding them of the joy and abundance that comes from a life dedicated to God.

My son
This phrase is a tender address, indicating a relationship of care and guidance. In Hebrew, "בְּנִי" (beni) is used, which is a term of endearment and instruction. It reflects the intimate relationship between a father and child, symbolizing God’s paternal care for His people. This familial language underscores the personal nature of divine instruction and correction, reminding believers of their identity as children of God.

do not despise
The Hebrew word "תִּמְאָס" (timas) means to reject or disdain. This phrase warns against treating the LORD’s discipline with contempt or disregard. In a historical context, wisdom literature often emphasized the importance of accepting correction as a path to growth and maturity. The admonition here is to maintain a humble and receptive heart, recognizing that divine discipline is an expression of God’s love and desire for our betterment.

the LORD’s discipline
The term "מֻסַּר" (musar) refers to correction or instruction. In the ancient Near Eastern context, discipline was seen as a necessary component of education and character development. The LORD’s discipline is not punitive but corrective, aimed at guiding believers toward righteousness. It reflects God’s sovereign authority and His commitment to shaping His people according to His will.

and do not loathe
The Hebrew "תָּקֹץ" (taqots) conveys a sense of abhorrence or intense dislike. This phrase advises against developing a negative attitude towards God’s reproof. Historically, wisdom literature often contrasted the wise, who accept correction, with fools, who reject it. The call here is to embrace God’s guidance with gratitude, understanding that it is for our ultimate good.

His reproof
The word "תּוֹכַחְתּוֹ" (tokhachto) means rebuke or correction. In the scriptural context, reproof is a means by which God communicates His standards and expectations. It is an invitation to realign with His purposes. Theologically, this reflects God’s active involvement in the lives of His people, ensuring they remain on the path of wisdom and righteousness. Embracing reproof is a mark of spiritual maturity and a step towards deeper fellowship with God.

For the LORD
The phrase "For the LORD" refers to Yahweh, the covenant name of God in the Hebrew Bible. This name signifies God's eternal presence and His unchanging nature. In the context of Proverbs, it emphasizes the divine authority and wisdom that underpins the teachings. The LORD is not a distant deity but a personal God who is actively involved in the lives of His people. This involvement is rooted in His love and desire for their well-being.

disciplines
The Hebrew word for "disciplines" is "yasar," which can mean to instruct, correct, or chastise. In the ancient Near Eastern context, discipline was seen as a necessary part of education and growth. It was not merely punitive but was intended to guide and develop character. In the biblical sense, God's discipline is an expression of His love, aiming to steer His children towards righteousness and wisdom.

the one He loves
This phrase underscores the personal and relational aspect of God's discipline. The Hebrew word for "loves" is "ahav," which conveys deep affection and care. God's discipline is not arbitrary or harsh; it is motivated by His love for His people. Just as a parent disciplines a child out of love, so God disciplines those He cherishes, ensuring their growth and maturity in faith.

as a father
The comparison to a father highlights the familial relationship between God and His people. In ancient Israel, the father was responsible for the education and moral upbringing of his children. This analogy emphasizes God's role as a loving and caring parent who seeks the best for His children. It also reflects the cultural understanding of authority and responsibility within the family unit.

the son in whom he delights
The phrase "the son in whom he delights" conveys a sense of joy and pleasure. The Hebrew word "ratsah" means to be pleased with or to take delight in. This indicates that God's discipline is not a sign of rejection but of acceptance and favor. It reassures believers that they are valued and cherished by God, even when undergoing correction. This delight is a testament to the intimate and loving relationship God desires with His people, encouraging them to trust in His wisdom and guidance.

Blessed is the man
The Hebrew word for "blessed" is "אַשְׁרֵי" (ashrei), which conveys a sense of happiness, contentment, and divine favor. In the biblical context, being "blessed" is not merely about material wealth or success but about a deep, abiding joy that comes from living in alignment with God's will. This phrase sets the tone for the verse, emphasizing that true happiness is found not in worldly pursuits but in spiritual enlightenment and moral integrity.

who finds wisdom
The Hebrew word for "wisdom" is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of that knowledge in daily life. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was highly valued and often associated with the ability to make sound decisions and live a life pleasing to God. The act of "finding" wisdom suggests an active pursuit, indicating that wisdom is not passively received but diligently sought after. This pursuit is a lifelong journey, reflecting a heart that is open to learning and growth.

the man who acquires understanding
The word "understanding" in Hebrew is "בִּינָה" (binah), which implies discernment, insight, and the ability to see beyond the surface. It involves a deeper comprehension of God's ways and the complexities of life. The verb "acquires" suggests a process of gaining or obtaining through effort and experience. In the biblical narrative, understanding is often linked with the fear of the Lord, as it requires a reverence for God's wisdom and a commitment to applying it in one's life. This phrase underscores the value of not just possessing knowledge but also having the insight to apply it wisely.

For she is more profitable than silver
The "she" in this verse refers to wisdom, personified as a woman throughout Proverbs. The Hebrew word for wisdom is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of knowledge in daily life. In ancient Israel, silver was a highly valued commodity, often used as currency and a measure of wealth. The comparison here emphasizes that wisdom's value surpasses even the most tangible and universally recognized forms of wealth. This suggests that the pursuit of wisdom should take precedence over material gain, as it leads to a more fulfilling and righteous life.

and her gain is better than fine gold
The term "gain" here is translated from the Hebrew word "תְּבוּאָה" (tevuah), which can mean income, profit, or yield. This implies that the benefits of wisdom are not only immediate but also long-lasting and continually rewarding. "Fine gold" refers to the purest form of gold, a symbol of ultimate wealth and luxury in the ancient world. By stating that wisdom's gain is better than fine gold, the verse underscores the enduring and superior nature of wisdom's rewards. Historically, gold has been a universal standard of wealth, yet the scripture elevates wisdom above it, encouraging believers to prioritize spiritual and moral growth over the accumulation of material riches. This aligns with the broader biblical teaching that true wealth is found in a life lived according to God's principles.

She
In this verse, "she" refers to wisdom, personified as a woman throughout Proverbs. The Hebrew word for wisdom is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of knowledge in daily life. Wisdom is portrayed as a noble and virtuous woman, emphasizing her value and desirability. This personification invites readers to pursue wisdom as they would a cherished relationship, highlighting the intimate and transformative nature of true understanding.

more precious than rubies
The phrase "more precious than rubies" uses the Hebrew word "פְּנִינִים" (peninim), which can refer to rubies or other precious stones. In ancient times, such gems were rare and highly valued, symbolizing wealth and beauty. By comparing wisdom to these treasures, the verse underscores its supreme worth. Wisdom is depicted as a treasure that surpasses material wealth, suggesting that its benefits are eternal and spiritual, far exceeding the temporary allure of earthly riches.

nothing you desire
This phrase challenges the reader to consider the breadth of human desires. The Hebrew word "חָפֵץ" (chaphets) implies delight or pleasure, encompassing all that one might long for in life. The verse suggests that no earthly desire, whether for wealth, power, or pleasure, can rival the value of wisdom. This calls believers to re-evaluate their priorities, encouraging them to seek wisdom above all else, as it leads to a life aligned with God's will.

compares with her
The concluding phrase "compares with her" emphasizes the incomparable nature of wisdom. The Hebrew root "שָׁוָה" (shavah) means to be equal or comparable. This assertion reinforces the idea that wisdom is unique and unmatched in its ability to guide, protect, and enrich one's life. In a world filled with competing values and distractions, this verse calls believers to recognize the singular importance of wisdom, urging them to pursue it with diligence and devotion.

Long life
The phrase "long life" in Hebrew is "orekh yamim," which literally translates to "length of days." This expression is often used in the Old Testament to denote not just a prolonged existence but a life filled with purpose and fulfillment. In the context of Proverbs, it suggests that wisdom, personified as a woman, offers a life that is not only extended in years but enriched in quality. The promise of long life is a recurring theme in the wisdom literature, emphasizing that living according to God's principles leads to a life that is both abundant and meaningful.

is in her right hand
The "right hand" in biblical symbolism often represents power, authority, and blessing. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the right hand was considered the hand of strength and skill. By stating that long life is in wisdom's right hand, the verse underscores the idea that wisdom has the authority and power to bestow a life of longevity and fulfillment. It suggests that those who embrace wisdom will be granted the strength and capability to live a life that is both enduring and blessed.

in her left hand
The "left hand" in biblical terms is often seen as complementary to the right hand, representing additional blessings and benefits. While the right hand is associated with primary blessings, the left hand holds secondary, yet still significant, rewards. This duality highlights the comprehensive nature of the blessings that wisdom offers, suggesting that those who pursue wisdom will receive a full spectrum of God's favor.

are riches and honor
"Riches and honor" are frequently paired in the Old Testament to denote material wealth and social esteem. The Hebrew words "osher" (riches) and "kavod" (honor) convey the idea of abundance and glory. In the context of Proverbs, these terms suggest that wisdom not only leads to a life of spiritual and moral richness but also to tangible blessings and respect in the community. The promise of riches and honor indicates that living wisely aligns with God's order, resulting in both personal prosperity and public recognition.

Her ways
The "her" in this verse refers to wisdom, personified as a woman throughout Proverbs. In Hebrew, the word for wisdom is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which is feminine. This personification emphasizes the nurturing and guiding aspects of wisdom. The "ways" (דֶּרֶךְ, derek) suggest a journey or a manner of living. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a "way" was not just a path but a lifestyle or a set of behaviors. Wisdom's ways are contrasted with the ways of folly, which lead to destruction.

are pleasant
The Hebrew word for "pleasant" is "נֹעַם" (noam), which conveys a sense of beauty, delight, and agreeableness. This suggests that living according to wisdom is not burdensome but rather brings joy and satisfaction. In a historical context, the pursuit of wisdom was seen as the highest goal, leading to a life of fulfillment and contentment. The pleasantness of wisdom's ways is a testament to the harmony and order that come from living in alignment with God's principles.

and all her paths
The term "paths" (נְתִיבוֹת, netivot) refers to the specific courses or directions one might take in life. While "ways" can be seen as broader life choices, "paths" are the daily decisions and actions. The use of "all" emphasizes the comprehensive nature of wisdom's guidance. Every aspect of life, when guided by wisdom, is directed towards good and beneficial outcomes.

are peaceful
The Hebrew word for "peaceful" is "שָׁלוֹם" (shalom), which is rich in meaning. It encompasses not only the absence of conflict but also completeness, wholeness, and well-being. In the biblical context, shalom is a state of harmony with God, others, and oneself. It is the ultimate blessing and the goal of a life lived in accordance with divine wisdom. The peace that wisdom brings is not merely external but deeply internal, affecting the heart and soul.

She is a tree of life
The phrase "tree of life" is deeply rooted in biblical imagery, first appearing in Genesis as a symbol of eternal life and divine wisdom. In Hebrew, the term "etz chayim" (עֵץ חַיִּים) conveys not only physical vitality but also spiritual nourishment and eternal wisdom. The "tree of life" here refers to wisdom, personified as a woman, offering sustenance and growth to those who seek her. This imagery suggests that wisdom is not merely an abstract concept but a source of life and vitality, akin to the life-giving trees in the Garden of Eden. Historically, trees have been symbols of life and prosperity in many cultures, and in the biblical context, they represent God's provision and the flourishing of those who live in accordance with His will.

to those who embrace her
The act of embracing wisdom is an intimate and deliberate choice, indicating a deep commitment and affection. The Hebrew word "tamak" (תָּמַךְ) implies holding fast or supporting, suggesting that wisdom requires an active and ongoing relationship. Embracing wisdom is not a passive act but a conscious decision to prioritize God's understanding over human insight. This phrase encourages believers to actively seek and cherish wisdom, recognizing it as a precious gift from God that requires dedication and love.

and those who lay hold of her
"Laying hold" of wisdom implies a firm grasp and a determined effort to retain it. The Hebrew verb "chazaq" (חָזַק) means to strengthen or take hold of, indicating that acquiring wisdom involves strength and perseverance. This phrase underscores the importance of not only seeking wisdom but also maintaining it through life's challenges. It suggests that wisdom is something to be actively pursued and held onto, reflecting a commitment to living a life guided by divine principles.

are blessed
The state of being "blessed" in this context refers to experiencing God's favor and the resulting peace and prosperity. The Hebrew word "ashar" (אָשַׁר) conveys happiness and fulfillment that come from living in alignment with God's wisdom. This blessing is not merely material but encompasses spiritual well-being and contentment. The verse assures believers that those who earnestly seek and adhere to wisdom will find themselves enriched and fulfilled, enjoying the abundant life that God promises to those who follow His ways. This blessing is a testament to the transformative power of wisdom in the life of a believer, leading to a deeper relationship with God and a more meaningful existence.

The LORD
The term "LORD" in this context is derived from the Hebrew name "Yahweh," which is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal existence and unchanging nature. This name is deeply rooted in the Jewish tradition as the personal name of God, signifying His sovereignty and authority over all creation. In the conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the personal relationship believers have with God, who is both transcendent and immanent.

founded the earth
The Hebrew word for "founded" is "yasad," which means to lay a foundation or establish something firmly. This term conveys the idea of intentionality and purpose in creation. The earth is not a product of random chance but is established with divine precision and care. This reflects the belief that the physical world is a testament to God's creative power and order, encouraging believers to trust in His providential care.

by wisdom
The word "wisdom" is translated from the Hebrew "chokmah," which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of knowledge. In the biblical context, wisdom is often personified and is seen as a divine attribute. It is through this wisdom that God intricately designed the universe, demonstrating His perfect understanding and insight. For Christians, this underscores the importance of seeking God's wisdom in their own lives, as it is foundational to living in harmony with His creation.

and established the heavens
The phrase "established the heavens" uses the Hebrew word "kun," meaning to set up or make firm. This suggests stability and order in the celestial realm, reflecting God's control over the vastness of the universe. The heavens, in biblical literature, often symbolize God's majesty and glory. This serves as a reminder of His omnipotence and the grandeur of His creation, inspiring awe and reverence in believers.

by understanding
"Understanding" is translated from the Hebrew "tebunah," which implies discernment and insight. This term indicates that God's creation is not only wise but also deeply insightful, with every aspect of the universe reflecting His perfect knowledge. In a conservative Christian view, this understanding is accessible to believers through a relationship with God, encouraging them to seek His guidance and discernment in their daily lives.

By His knowledge
This phrase emphasizes the divine wisdom and understanding of God. The Hebrew word for "knowledge" here is "דַּעַת" (da'at), which implies a deep, intimate understanding. In the context of creation, it suggests that God's knowledge is not just intellectual but also practical and purposeful. This knowledge is foundational to the order and function of the universe, reflecting God's omniscience and intentionality in creation. It inspires believers to seek God's wisdom, recognizing that His understanding surpasses human comprehension.

the watery depths were broken open
The "watery depths" refer to the primordial waters mentioned in the creation narrative of Genesis. The Hebrew term "תְּהוֹמוֹת" (tehomot) is often associated with chaos and the deep, mysterious aspects of creation. The phrase "were broken open" suggests an act of divine intervention where God brings order out of chaos. This imagery is reminiscent of the Flood narrative, where the "fountains of the great deep" were opened (Genesis 7:11). It underscores God's sovereign control over the natural world, demonstrating His power to both create and sustain life.

and the clouds dripped with dew
The imagery of clouds and dew highlights God's provision and sustenance. In the arid climate of the ancient Near East, dew was a crucial source of moisture for crops, symbolizing God's blessing and care for His creation. The Hebrew word for "dew" is "טַל" (tal), which often represents divine favor and refreshment. This phrase suggests that God's knowledge not only governs the grand forces of nature but also attends to the gentle, life-giving details. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the continuous outpouring of His grace upon the earth.

My son
This phrase is a tender address, often used in Proverbs, indicating a personal and intimate relationship between the speaker and the listener. In Hebrew, "בְּנִי" (beni) is used, which conveys a sense of care and authority, as a father instructs his child. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God as a loving Father who imparts wisdom to His children, urging them to heed His guidance.

do not lose sight of this
The Hebrew root for "lose sight" is "אַל־יָלֻזוּ" (al-yalu), which means to not let something escape or slip away. This phrase emphasizes the importance of vigilance and constant attention. In the context of Proverbs, it suggests that wisdom and understanding are treasures that require active maintenance and focus. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern tradition of oral teaching, where wisdom was passed down through careful listening and memorization.

Preserve
The word "preserve" in Hebrew is "נְצֹר" (natsor), which means to guard or keep watch over. This implies an active role in maintaining what is valuable. In a biblical context, it suggests that wisdom and discernment are not just to be acquired but also to be protected and nurtured. This aligns with the conservative Christian view that believers are called to guard their hearts and minds against worldly influences that could lead them astray.

sound judgment
The Hebrew term for "sound judgment" is "תֻּשִׁיָּה" (tushiyyah), which refers to wisdom, resourcefulness, or effective counsel. It implies a depth of understanding that leads to prudent decision-making. In the biblical narrative, sound judgment is often associated with righteousness and the fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10). This reflects the conservative Christian belief in the importance of aligning one's decisions with God's will.

and discernment
The Hebrew word for "discernment" is "מְזִמָּה" (mezimmah), which can mean discretion, prudence, or the ability to see beyond the surface. Discernment involves distinguishing between right and wrong, truth and falsehood. In the scriptural context, it is a gift from God that enables believers to navigate the complexities of life with spiritual insight. This aligns with the conservative Christian emphasis on seeking divine guidance through prayer and the study of Scripture to develop a discerning heart.

They will be life to your soul
The phrase "They will be life to your soul" speaks to the transformative power of wisdom and understanding, as discussed in the preceding verses of Proverbs 3. The Hebrew word for "life" is "חַיִּים" (chayyim), which implies not just physical vitality but a fullness of life that encompasses spiritual and emotional well-being. In the ancient Near Eastern context, life was seen as a gift from God, and wisdom was a means to align oneself with God's order and purpose. The "soul," or "נֶפֶשׁ" (nephesh) in Hebrew, refers to the entire being of a person, indicating that wisdom nourishes and sustains one's innermost self. This phrase encourages believers to seek wisdom as a source of true life, echoing the biblical theme that spiritual insight leads to a flourishing existence.

and adornment to your neck
The phrase "and adornment to your neck" uses the imagery of jewelry to convey the value and beauty of wisdom. In ancient cultures, adornments such as necklaces were symbols of honor, status, and beauty. The Hebrew word for "adornment" is "לִוְיַת" (livyat), which can also mean a garland or wreath, suggesting something that encircles and enhances. The neck, or "גַּרוֹן" (garon) in Hebrew, is a visible and prominent part of the body, symbolizing how wisdom should be evident in one's life. This imagery suggests that wisdom not only enriches the inner life but also enhances one's outward demeanor and reputation. In a conservative Christian perspective, this adornment is not merely for personal glory but reflects the glory of God, as believers are called to live in a way that honors Him. The verse thus inspires Christians to pursue wisdom as a precious and visible testament to their faith and devotion.

Then you will go
The phrase "Then you will go" suggests a forward movement, a progression in life. In the Hebrew text, the word for "go" is "הָלַךְ" (halak), which implies a continuous journey or walk. This word is often used in the context of living one's life according to God's commandments. It signifies not just physical movement but a spiritual journey, walking in the path of wisdom and righteousness. The implication is that adherence to wisdom and understanding, as discussed in the preceding verses, leads to a life of purpose and direction.

on your way
The term "on your way" refers to the path or course of one's life. In Hebrew, "דֶּרֶךְ" (derek) is used, which can mean a road, journey, or manner of life. This word is frequently used in the Old Testament to describe the moral and ethical path one chooses. The "way" here is not just any path but one that is aligned with divine wisdom and guidance. It suggests that the journey of life, when guided by God's wisdom, is one of intentionality and divine purpose.

in safety
The phrase "in safety" is derived from the Hebrew word "בֶּטַח" (betach), which means security, confidence, or trust. This word conveys a sense of being free from fear or danger. In the context of Proverbs, it implies that those who follow God's wisdom can live with a sense of security and peace, knowing that they are under divine protection. This safety is not merely physical but also spiritual, as it encompasses the assurance of God's presence and guidance.

and your foot
The mention of "your foot" symbolizes one's steps or actions. In biblical literature, the foot often represents the way a person conducts their life. It is a metaphor for one's daily decisions and behaviors. The emphasis on the foot highlights the practical aspect of living wisely, suggesting that wisdom affects not just one's thoughts but also one's actions and choices.

will not stumble
The phrase "will not stumble" comes from the Hebrew "תִּכָּשֵׁל" (tikkashal), which means to trip or fall. In a spiritual sense, stumbling refers to moral or ethical failure. The assurance that one's foot "will not stumble" indicates that a life guided by wisdom is stable and secure. It suggests that wisdom provides the discernment needed to avoid pitfalls and errors in judgment. This promise of stability is a recurring theme in Proverbs, emphasizing that adherence to God's wisdom leads to a life of integrity and righteousness.

When you lie down
This phrase suggests a time of vulnerability and rest. In the Hebrew context, lying down often symbolizes trust and security. The Hebrew word "שָׁכַב" (shakab) implies a peaceful action, free from fear or anxiety. In ancient Israel, lying down was not just a physical act but a spiritual one, reflecting a trust in God's protection. The act of lying down is a metaphor for surrendering one's worries to God, trusting that He will guard and sustain.

you will not be afraid
Fear is a common human experience, but this phrase promises divine assurance. The Hebrew word "פָּחַד" (pachad) refers to a terror or dread that can paralyze. In the biblical narrative, fear is often countered by faith. The promise here is that God's wisdom and presence dispel fear, allowing believers to rest securely. Historically, this assurance would have been particularly comforting in a world without modern security measures, where night brought uncertainty.

when you rest
Rest is a gift from God, a time to rejuvenate and find peace. The Hebrew word "שָׁכַב" (shakab) is used again, emphasizing the continuity of peace from lying down to resting. Rest is not merely physical but also spiritual, a time to reflect on God's goodness and provision. In the biblical tradition, rest is a foretaste of the eternal rest promised to God's people, a time when all striving ceases.

your sleep will be sweet
Sweet sleep is a blessing, a sign of God's favor and peace. The Hebrew word "עָרֵב" (arev) conveys pleasantness and delight. In a world where sleep can be disrupted by worry or fear, this promise is profound. Sweet sleep is a metaphor for a life lived in harmony with God's wisdom, where the heart and mind are at peace. Scripturally, it reflects the ultimate rest found in God's presence, a rest that is both restorative and joyful.

Do not fear
The phrase "Do not fear" is a recurring exhortation throughout the Bible, often used to encourage believers to trust in God's sovereignty and protection. The Hebrew root for "fear" is "yare," which can mean to be afraid, to stand in awe, or to revere. In this context, it is a command against being paralyzed by fear. Historically, the Israelites faced numerous threats from surrounding nations and natural disasters, yet they were repeatedly reminded to place their trust in God rather than succumbing to fear. This phrase serves as a timeless reminder for believers to rely on God's promises and presence, rather than being overwhelmed by anxiety.

sudden danger
The term "sudden danger" refers to unexpected threats or calamities that can cause panic or distress. The Hebrew word "pachad" is often associated with terror or dread that comes without warning. In ancient times, sudden dangers could include invasions, natural disasters, or personal crises. The wisdom literature of the Bible, including Proverbs, frequently addresses the unpredictability of life and the importance of being spiritually prepared. This phrase encourages believers to maintain a steadfast faith, knowing that God is in control even when life seems chaotic.

or the ruin
"Ruin" in this context refers to destruction or disaster. The Hebrew word "shoah" can denote a desolation or a catastrophic event. This term is often used in the Old Testament to describe the consequences of sin or divine judgment. The historical context of Proverbs includes the understanding that moral and spiritual decay leads to ruin. For the believer, this serves as a cautionary reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's wisdom and a call to live righteously to avoid such ruin.

that overtakes
The phrase "that overtakes" suggests an inevitable or unavoidable occurrence. The Hebrew root "bo" implies coming upon or arriving. In the biblical narrative, this often describes the certainty of divine justice or the natural consequences of one's actions. The imagery here is of something that catches up with a person, much like a pursuer. This serves as a reminder that while the wicked may seem to prosper temporarily, their actions will ultimately lead to their downfall.

the wicked
"The wicked" refers to those who live in opposition to God's laws and principles. The Hebrew word "rasha" is used to describe individuals who are morally wrong or guilty. Throughout Proverbs, the wicked are contrasted with the righteous, highlighting the consequences of living a life apart from God's wisdom. Historically, the wicked were often those who oppressed others, engaged in idolatry, or rejected God's commandments. This phrase serves as a warning to avoid the path of wickedness and an assurance that God will ultimately bring justice.

for the LORD
The phrase "for the LORD" refers to Yahweh, the covenant name of God in the Hebrew Bible. This name emphasizes God's eternal existence and His faithfulness to His promises. In the context of Proverbs, it underscores the personal relationship between God and His people. The LORD is not a distant deity but an active participant in the lives of those who trust Him. Historically, this name was revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14), signifying God's unchanging nature and His commitment to His people.

will be your confidence
The Hebrew word for "confidence" here is "kesel," which can also mean security or trust. This word conveys a sense of safety and assurance that comes from relying on God. In the ancient Near Eastern context, where life was often uncertain and perilous, having the LORD as one's confidence meant having a steadfast anchor amidst life's storms. This assurance is not based on human strength or wisdom but on the character and promises of God. Scripturally, this echoes the sentiment found in Psalm 118:8, "It is better to take refuge in the LORD than to trust in man."

and will keep your foot
The imagery of "keeping your foot" suggests guidance and protection. In biblical times, walking was the primary mode of transportation, and the terrain could be treacherous. The phrase implies that God provides direction and stability, preventing one from stumbling. This is reminiscent of Psalm 121:3, "He will not allow your foot to slip; your Protector will not slumber." It highlights God's active role in safeguarding His people as they navigate the path of life.

from the snare
The "snare" refers to traps or dangers that one might encounter. In the Hebrew, the word "pach" is used, which denotes a trap set for catching animals. Metaphorically, it represents the various spiritual, moral, and physical dangers that can ensnare a person. In the wisdom literature of the Bible, such as Proverbs, snares often symbolize the pitfalls of sin and folly. The assurance that God will keep one's foot from the snare is a promise of divine protection against these threats. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of God as a deliverer, as seen in Psalm 91:3, "Surely He will deliver you from the snare of the fowler and from the deadly plague."

Do not withhold good
The phrase "do not withhold good" is a direct call to action, urging believers to actively engage in acts of kindness and generosity. The Hebrew root for "withhold" is "מנע" (mana), which implies holding back or refraining from giving. This suggests that there is an intentional choice involved in either providing or denying assistance. In the context of ancient Israel, where community and mutual support were vital for survival, this command underscores the importance of being proactive in doing good. It reflects a divine expectation that God's people will mirror His generosity and benevolence.

from those who deserve it
The phrase "from those who deserve it" introduces a moral and ethical dimension to the act of giving. The Hebrew word for "deserve" is "בעליו" (ba'alav), which can also mean "owners" or "masters." This implies a sense of rightful claim or entitlement. In a conservative Christian perspective, this can be understood as recognizing the inherent dignity and worth of every individual as created in the image of God. It challenges believers to discern and acknowledge the needs and rights of others, ensuring that justice and fairness guide their actions.

when it is within your power to act
The concluding phrase "when it is within your power to act" emphasizes personal responsibility and capability. The Hebrew word "ידך" (yadcha) for "your power" literally means "your hand," symbolizing one's ability and resources. This phrase calls believers to be mindful of their own capacity to effect change and to use their resources wisely and compassionately. It serves as a reminder that God has entrusted each person with specific abilities and opportunities to serve others, and it is their duty to act when they are able. This aligns with the broader biblical principle of stewardship, where individuals are accountable for how they use what God has given them.

Do not tell your neighbor
The phrase "do not tell" is a direct command, emphasizing the importance of immediate action in the context of neighborly relations. In Hebrew, the word for "neighbor" (רֵעֶךָ, re'eka) implies more than just someone living nearby; it encompasses anyone with whom one has a relationship or interaction. This highlights the biblical principle of community and the responsibility to act with integrity and kindness towards others.

Come back tomorrow
This phrase suggests procrastination or delay in fulfilling a promise or obligation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, hospitality and timely assistance were highly valued. The cultural expectation was to provide help when it was needed, not to delay it. This reflects a broader biblical theme of urgency in doing good and not withholding kindness when it is within one's power to act.

I will provide
The act of providing is central to the biblical understanding of stewardship and generosity. The Hebrew root for "provide" (נָתַן, natan) means to give or bestow. This implies a sense of responsibility and willingness to share one's resources. The verse challenges believers to reflect God's generosity and provision in their own lives by being ready to give to those in need.

when you already have the means
This phrase underscores the moral obligation to act when one is capable. The Hebrew concept here is about possessing the resources or ability to help. It is a call to recognize and utilize one's blessings for the benefit of others. The verse serves as a reminder that God entrusts individuals with resources not just for personal use, but to serve and uplift the community, reflecting the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself.

Do not devise evil
The Hebrew root for "devise" is "חָרַשׁ" (charash), which means to plot or plan. In the context of ancient Israel, this term often carried the connotation of crafting something with intent, whether good or bad. The admonition here is clear: believers are called to reject any form of scheming or plotting that would harm another. This aligns with the broader biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself (Leviticus 19:18), emphasizing the importance of integrity and righteousness in our interactions.

against your neighbor
The term "neighbor" in Hebrew is "רֵעַ" (rea), which can refer to a friend, companion, or fellow citizen. In the ancient Near Eastern context, communities were tightly knit, and the well-being of one often depended on the trust and cooperation of others. This phrase underscores the moral and ethical responsibility individuals have towards those in their immediate community. It is a call to foster peace and goodwill, reflecting the communal values that are central to biblical teaching.

for he trusts you
Trust, or "בָּטַח" (batach) in Hebrew, is a foundational element of relationships. In biblical times, trust was not just a personal sentiment but a societal necessity. The verse highlights the betrayal inherent in devising evil against someone who relies on you. This trust is a sacred bond, and breaking it is seen as a grave moral failing. The scripture calls believers to be trustworthy and to honor the confidence others place in them, reflecting God's faithfulness to His people.

and dwells beside you
The phrase "dwells beside you" speaks to the proximity and shared life of neighbors. The Hebrew word "שָׁכַן" (shakan) means to reside or inhabit. In ancient Israel, living in close quarters meant that one's actions had direct and immediate impacts on others. This phrase emphasizes the importance of harmony and mutual respect in daily life. It serves as a reminder that our actions should contribute to the peace and stability of our communities, mirroring the peace that God desires for His creation.

Do not accuse
The Hebrew root for "accuse" is "רִיב" (riv), which can mean to contend, strive, or bring a lawsuit. In the ancient Near Eastern context, legal disputes were common, and the integrity of one's word was paramount. This phrase warns against engaging in baseless accusations, which can lead to unnecessary conflict and damage relationships. It reflects a call to uphold justice and truth, aligning with the broader biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and maintaining peace.

a man
The term "man" here is translated from the Hebrew word "אָדָם" (adam), which can refer to mankind in general. This universality suggests that the instruction applies to interactions with all people, not just those within one's immediate community or social circle. It emphasizes the importance of treating every individual with fairness and respect, recognizing their inherent dignity as creations of God.

without cause
The phrase "without cause" is derived from the Hebrew "חִנָּם" (chinnam), meaning gratuitously or for no reason. This highlights the ethical imperative to ensure that any accusation or contention is grounded in truth and necessity. It serves as a reminder to avoid acting out of malice, envy, or spite, which are contrary to the virtues of wisdom and righteousness that Proverbs seeks to instill.

when he has done you no harm
This clause underscores the principle of reciprocity and justice. The Hebrew word for "harm" is "רָעָה" (ra'ah), which can mean evil or wrongdoing. The verse teaches that one should not seek to harm or accuse others when they have not been wronged. It calls for a measured and just response to others' actions, promoting a community where peace and goodwill prevail. This aligns with the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament, who emphasized forgiveness and reconciliation over retaliation.

Do not envy
The Hebrew word for "envy" is "קָנָא" (qanah), which conveys a sense of jealousy or zeal. In the context of Proverbs, this is a warning against coveting the success or lifestyle of those who achieve their ends through violence or unethical means. Envy is a destructive emotion that can lead one away from the path of righteousness. Biblically, envy is often associated with a lack of trust in God's provision and timing. The call here is to find contentment in God's ways and to trust that His plans are ultimately for our good.

a violent man
The term "violent" comes from the Hebrew word "חָמָס" (chamas), which means violence, wrong, or cruelty. This word is used throughout the Old Testament to describe actions that are contrary to God's nature and law. A "violent man" is one who uses force or aggression to achieve his goals, often at the expense of others. Historically, such individuals might have been admired for their power or feared for their ruthlessness, but the wisdom of Proverbs warns against such admiration. The Bible consistently portrays violence as a characteristic of the wicked, contrasting it with the peace and justice that God desires.

or choose
The Hebrew word "בָּחַר" (bachar) means to select or decide. This word implies a deliberate decision or preference. The verse warns against making a conscious choice to follow the path of violence. In the biblical context, choosing is an act of the will that reflects one's values and priorities. The call here is to make choices that align with God's wisdom and righteousness, rather than being swayed by the apparent success of those who act unjustly.

any of his ways
The word "ways" is translated from the Hebrew "דֶּרֶךְ" (derek), which means path, road, or journey. In Proverbs, "ways" often refers to one's conduct or manner of life. The verse cautions against adopting the lifestyle or methods of a violent person. The "ways" of a violent man are contrary to the "ways" of wisdom, which are characterized by peace, integrity, and trust in God. The broader scriptural context emphasizes that the end of such ways is destruction, while the ways of the righteous lead to life and blessing.

For the LORD detests the perverse, but He is a friend to the upright
For the LORD
The term "LORD" in this context is translated from the Hebrew word "Yahweh," which is the personal name of God revealed to Moses in the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). This name signifies God's eternal existence and His covenant relationship with His people. In the context of Proverbs, it emphasizes the divine authority and moral standard that God upholds. Yahweh is not a distant deity but an intimately involved God who cares deeply about the moral fabric of His creation.

detests
The Hebrew word used here is "תּוֹעֵבָה" (toebah), which means something that is abominable or loathsome. This strong term indicates not just a mild disapproval but an intense aversion. In the biblical context, it often refers to practices or behaviors that are fundamentally opposed to God's nature and His righteous standards. The use of this word underscores the seriousness with which God views moral corruption.

the perverse
The word "perverse" is translated from the Hebrew "לֻז" (luz), which means to be crooked or twisted. It describes those who deviate from the path of righteousness and engage in morally corrupt behavior. In the wisdom literature of the Bible, such as Proverbs, the perverse are often contrasted with the righteous, highlighting the moral choices that define one's character and destiny.

but He is a friend
The phrase "He is a friend" comes from the Hebrew "סוֹד" (sod), which can mean secret counsel or intimate friendship. This suggests a close, personal relationship characterized by trust and mutual understanding. In the biblical context, being a friend of God implies receiving His guidance, protection, and favor. It is a profound privilege that reflects a life aligned with God's will.

to the upright
The term "upright" is derived from the Hebrew "יָשָׁר" (yashar), meaning straight or right. It describes those who live in accordance with God's laws and moral principles. The upright are characterized by integrity, honesty, and a commitment to righteousness. In the book of Proverbs, the upright are often depicted as those who enjoy God's blessings and favor, in contrast to the fate of the wicked.

The curse of the LORD
The Hebrew word for "curse" is "מְאֵרָה" (me'erah), which implies a divine pronouncement of judgment or misfortune. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a curse was not merely a wish for harm but was believed to have tangible effects, often seen as a withdrawal of God's protection and favor. The phrase "of the LORD" emphasizes that this curse is not arbitrary but is a direct consequence of divine justice. The LORD, or "Yahweh," is the covenant name of God, underscoring His authority and righteousness in executing judgment.

is on the house
The term "house" (Hebrew: "בַּיִת" bayit) can refer to a physical dwelling or, more broadly, to a family or household. In ancient Israel, the concept of a "house" extended beyond the physical structure to include the lineage and legacy of a family. Thus, the curse affects not just the individual but the entire household, impacting their prosperity, security, and future generations.

of the wicked
"Wicked" (Hebrew: "רָשָׁע" rasha) describes those who are morally wrong, guilty, or hostile to God. In the biblical context, wickedness is often associated with actions that violate God's laws and principles. The wicked are those who live in opposition to God's will, and their actions bring about divine disfavor. Historically, the wicked were seen as those who disrupted the social and religious order, leading to communal and personal ruin.

but He blesses
The Hebrew word for "blesses" is "בָּרַךְ" (barak), which means to endow with favor, prosperity, or divine protection. Blessing is a central theme in the Bible, often associated with God's covenant promises. It signifies a positive, life-giving force that enhances well-being and success. The contrast between curse and blessing highlights the dual paths of life presented in Proverbs: one leading to destruction and the other to flourishing.

the home of the righteous
"Home" here is again "בַּיִת" (bayit), but in this context, it is associated with the "righteous" (Hebrew: "צַדִּיק" tzaddik). The righteous are those who live in accordance with God's laws, embodying justice, integrity, and faithfulness. In the biblical narrative, righteousness is not merely about personal morality but involves a relational aspect with God and others. The home of the righteous is depicted as a place of peace, stability, and divine favor, reflecting the blessings of living in harmony with God's will.

He mocks
The Hebrew word used here is "לִיץ" (lits), which means to scorn or deride. In the context of Proverbs, this word often refers to those who are arrogant and dismissive of wisdom and instruction. The idea of God mocking the mockers is a powerful image, suggesting that those who pridefully reject divine wisdom will ultimately find themselves the object of divine derision. This reflects a broader biblical theme where God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6). The historical context of ancient Israel, where wisdom literature was highly valued, underscores the seriousness of rejecting wisdom.

the mockers
This phrase refers to individuals who are characterized by their scornful attitude towards God and His commandments. In the ancient Near Eastern context, mockers were seen as those who not only rejected wisdom but actively opposed it, often leading others astray. The mockers are contrasted with the wise, who seek understanding and live according to God's principles. The scriptural context places mockers in opposition to the righteous, highlighting the moral and spiritual divide between those who follow God and those who do not.

but gives grace
The Hebrew word for grace here is "חֵן" (chen), which conveys favor, kindness, and goodwill. In the biblical narrative, grace is a central theme, representing God's unmerited favor towards humanity. This phrase emphasizes the benevolent nature of God, who extends His grace to those who are humble and seek His wisdom. Theologically, this reflects the New Testament teaching of salvation by grace through faith (Ephesians 2:8-9), showing continuity in God's character throughout the scriptures.

to the humble
The Hebrew word "עֲנָוִים" (anavim) refers to those who are lowly, meek, or humble. In the biblical context, humility is not merely an outward demeanor but an inward disposition of the heart that acknowledges one's dependence on God. The humble are those who recognize their need for divine guidance and are open to receiving instruction. Historically, humility was a valued virtue in ancient Israel, often associated with wisdom and righteousness. This phrase underscores the biblical principle that God exalts the humble and brings down the proud (Matthew 23:12), encouraging believers to cultivate a spirit of humility in their walk with God.

The wise
The term "wise" in this context is derived from the Hebrew word "חָכָם" (chakam), which refers to those who possess not only knowledge but also the ability to apply it in a godly manner. In the biblical sense, wisdom is deeply rooted in the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10). The wise are those who live in accordance with God's commandments, seeking His guidance in all aspects of life. Historically, wisdom literature in the Bible, including Proverbs, was intended to instruct the young and inexperienced in the ways of righteousness and prudent living. The wise are often contrasted with the foolish, highlighting the moral and spiritual dimensions of wisdom.

will inherit
The concept of inheritance in the Hebrew Bible often implies receiving something of great value, typically passed down from one generation to the next. The Hebrew word "נָחַל" (nachal) suggests a possession or legacy that is not earned but given. In a spiritual sense, this inheritance is not merely material but encompasses honor, favor, and blessings from God. The idea of inheritance also connects to the covenantal promises God made to His people, where obedience and wisdom lead to receiving God's blessings.

honor
"Honor" in this verse is translated from the Hebrew word "כָּבוֹד" (kavod), which signifies glory, respect, and dignity. In the biblical context, honor is often associated with a good reputation and the esteem of others, but more importantly, it reflects the honor that comes from God. The wise, by living righteously and in accordance with divine principles, are promised this honor. It is a reward for their faithfulness and a reflection of their standing before God and man. In ancient Israelite society, honor was a crucial social value, often determining one's status and influence within the community.

but fools
The term "fools" is translated from the Hebrew word "כְּסִיל" (kesil), which refers to those who are morally deficient and reject wisdom. In the book of Proverbs, fools are characterized by their lack of discernment, their refusal to heed instruction, and their tendency to make poor choices. The fool's life is marked by a disregard for God's ways, leading to negative consequences. The contrast between the wise and the foolish is a recurring theme in Proverbs, emphasizing the importance of choosing the path of wisdom.

are held up to shame
The phrase "are held up to shame" comes from the Hebrew "רוּם" (rum) for "held up" and "קָלוֹן" (qalon) for "shame." This suggests that fools will be publicly exposed and disgraced. In the biblical context, shame is the opposite of honor and is often the result of sinful or foolish behavior. It implies a loss of respect and standing within the community. The public nature of this shame serves as a warning to others about the consequences of folly. In ancient cultures, where community and reputation were vital, being held up to shame was a severe penalty, underscoring the importance of living wisely and righteously.