Listen
The Hebrew word for "listen" is "שְׁמַע" (shema), which carries a deeper meaning than merely hearing. It implies an active, attentive listening that leads to obedience. In the Jewish tradition, the "Shema" is a central declaration of faith, emphasizing the importance of listening to God's commandments. This word sets the tone for the verse, urging the reader to not only hear but to internalize and act upon the wisdom being imparted.

my sons
The phrase "my sons" reflects a familial and intimate relationship. In the Hebrew culture, wisdom literature often uses the father-son dynamic to convey teachings. This relationship underscores the responsibility of the father to impart wisdom and the duty of the sons to receive it. It also symbolizes the broader spiritual relationship between God and His children, where believers are encouraged to view themselves as sons and daughters of the divine, open to His guidance.

to a father’s instruction
The word "instruction" in Hebrew is "מוּסָר" (musar), which can also mean discipline or correction. This term suggests that the father's guidance is not merely informational but transformative, aimed at shaping character and behavior. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a father's instruction was considered vital for the moral and spiritual development of the child, reflecting the divine instruction that God provides to His people.

pay attention
The call to "pay attention" is a plea for focus and concentration. The Hebrew root "קָשַׁב" (qashab) implies an intentional effort to understand and apply what is being taught. This phrase highlights the active role of the listener in the learning process, emphasizing that wisdom requires deliberate engagement and mindfulness.

and gain understanding
The Hebrew word for "understanding" is "בִּינָה" (binah), which denotes insight and discernment. It is not just about acquiring knowledge but about developing the ability to apply that knowledge wisely in various life situations. In the biblical context, understanding is often linked with the fear of the Lord, suggesting that true insight comes from a relationship with God and a reverence for His ways.

For I give you
This phrase emphasizes the personal and intentional act of imparting wisdom. The Hebrew root for "give" is "נָתַן" (natan), which conveys the idea of bestowing or granting something of value. In the context of Proverbs, this reflects the earnest desire of the teacher, traditionally Solomon, to pass on wisdom to the next generation. It underscores the relational aspect of wisdom as a gift from a loving mentor or parent, echoing the divine nature of wisdom as a gift from God to His people.

sound teaching
The term "sound" in Hebrew is "טּוֹב" (tov), meaning good, beneficial, or morally right. "Teaching" comes from the Hebrew "לֶקַח" (leqach), which refers to instruction or doctrine. Together, "sound teaching" implies a form of instruction that is not only correct but also beneficial for living a righteous life. This phrase highlights the importance of adhering to teachings that are rooted in truth and moral integrity, reflecting the biblical principle that true wisdom leads to a life of righteousness and blessing.

do not abandon
The Hebrew word for "abandon" is "עָזַב" (azav), which means to leave, forsake, or neglect. This phrase serves as a warning against the neglect of wisdom and instruction. In the historical context of Israel, abandoning the teachings of the elders or the law of God often led to moral and spiritual decline. This admonition is a call to remain steadfast and committed to the path of wisdom, recognizing that turning away from sound teaching can lead to detrimental consequences.

my instruction
The word "instruction" is translated from the Hebrew "תּוֹרָה" (torah), which is often associated with the law or teachings of God. In this context, it refers to the guidance and principles imparted by the teacher. The use of "my" personalizes the instruction, indicating a direct and intimate transmission of wisdom. This reflects the biblical tradition of passing down divine wisdom through generations, emphasizing the responsibility of the recipient to cherish and uphold these teachings as a sacred trust.

When I was a son to my father
This phrase introduces a personal reflection from Solomon, the attributed author of Proverbs. The Hebrew word for "son" is "בֵּן" (ben), which not only denotes a biological relationship but also implies a position of learning and inheritance. In ancient Israelite culture, the father-son relationship was central to the transmission of wisdom and tradition. Solomon's reference to being a son underscores the importance of familial instruction and the passing down of divine wisdom from one generation to the next.

tender and the only child
The word "tender" in Hebrew is "רַךְ" (rakh), suggesting a sense of vulnerability and impressionability. This highlights the formative nature of youth, a time when one is particularly open to guidance and instruction. The phrase "only child" is translated from "יָחִיד" (yachid), which can mean unique or beloved. This emphasizes the special attention and care given to Solomon by his father, King David, reflecting the deep love and responsibility in nurturing a child's spiritual and moral development.

of my mother
The mention of "mother" here, "אֵם" (em) in Hebrew, acknowledges the role of both parents in the upbringing of a child. In the biblical context, the mother was often seen as a primary caregiver and teacher of early lessons in life. This inclusion signifies the holistic approach to wisdom, where both paternal and maternal influences are vital in shaping a child's character and understanding of God's ways.

He taught me
This phrase indicates a personal and intimate transmission of wisdom from a father to a son. In the Hebrew context, the word "taught" (לִמַּד, limmad) implies not just the impartation of knowledge but also the shaping of character and behavior. The father-son relationship is central in Hebrew culture, emphasizing the importance of generational wisdom. This teaching is not merely academic but is intended to guide the son in living a righteous life.

and said
The act of speaking here (אָמַר, amar) is significant. In the biblical context, words are powerful and carry authority. The father’s words are not casual; they are deliberate and meant to be heeded. This reflects the biblical understanding that spoken words can shape reality and influence the heart and mind of the listener.

“Let your heart
The heart (לֵב, lev) in Hebrew thought is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. It is not just the seat of emotions but also the source of thoughts and decisions. The father’s instruction to let the heart be involved underscores the importance of internalizing wisdom, making it a part of one's very essence.

lay hold of my words
To "lay hold of" (תָּמַךְ, tamak) suggests a firm grasp or strong adherence. This implies an active effort to retain and apply the teachings. The words of the father are not to be passively received but actively embraced and integrated into daily life. This reflects the biblical principle that wisdom must be actively pursued and maintained.

keep my commandments
The word "keep" (שָׁמַר, shamar) means to guard, protect, or observe. It suggests vigilance and careful attention. The commandments are not merely rules but are seen as life-giving instructions that require careful observance. This aligns with the biblical view that obedience to God’s commandments leads to blessing and life.

and you will live
The promise of life (חָיָה, chayah) is both literal and metaphorical. In the biblical sense, life is not just physical existence but a state of well-being, prosperity, and spiritual vitality. The assurance of life is a common theme in Proverbs, emphasizing that adherence to wisdom and divine commandments leads to a flourishing life. This reflects the covenantal promise that obedience to God results in life and blessing.

Get wisdom
The Hebrew word for "wisdom" is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of knowledge in daily life. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was highly valued as a divine gift that enabled individuals to live in harmony with God's order. The call to "get wisdom" is an exhortation to actively pursue this divine insight, suggesting that wisdom is not innate but must be sought after with diligence and intentionality. This pursuit is foundational to a life that honors God and aligns with His purposes.

Get understanding
The Hebrew term for "understanding" is "בִּינָה" (binah), which implies discernment and the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. Understanding goes beyond mere intellectual comprehension; it involves a deep, intuitive grasp of truth that guides moral and ethical decisions. In the biblical context, understanding is closely linked to the fear of the Lord, as it is through reverence for God that true discernment is cultivated. The repetition of the command to "get" both wisdom and understanding underscores their importance and the effort required to attain them.

Do not forget my words
The phrase "do not forget" is a call to remember and internalize the teachings of wisdom. In Hebrew, "שָׁכַח" (shakach) means to forget, but it also implies neglect or disregard. The admonition here is to keep the teachings of wisdom at the forefront of one's mind, allowing them to shape thoughts, actions, and decisions. This is a reminder of the covenantal relationship between God and His people, where remembering His words is an act of faithfulness and devotion.

Or turn from them
The Hebrew root "סוּר" (sur) means to turn aside or depart. This phrase warns against deviating from the path of wisdom and understanding. In the biblical narrative, turning away from God's commandments often leads to spiritual and moral decline. The exhortation to remain steadfast in the teachings of wisdom is a call to perseverance and commitment, recognizing that the path of wisdom is narrow and requires constant vigilance to stay on course.

Do not forsake her
In this phrase, "her" refers to wisdom, personified as a woman throughout the book of Proverbs. The Hebrew root for "forsake" is "עזב" (azab), which means to leave, abandon, or neglect. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was highly valued and considered essential for a righteous and prosperous life. The exhortation not to forsake wisdom underscores its importance and the need for continual engagement and commitment to living wisely. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that emphasizes the pursuit of wisdom as a lifelong journey.

and she will preserve you
The promise that wisdom "will preserve you" suggests protection and sustenance. The Hebrew word for "preserve" is "שמר" (shamar), which means to guard, keep, or watch over. This implies that wisdom acts as a safeguard against the pitfalls and dangers of life. In a historical context, wisdom was seen as a divine gift that provided guidance and security, much like a shepherd watching over his flock. This assurance of preservation is a recurring theme in Scripture, where adherence to God's wisdom leads to safety and well-being.

love her
The call to "love her" emphasizes a deep, affectionate commitment to wisdom. The Hebrew word for "love" is "אהב" (ahav), which conveys a sense of devotion and desire. In biblical terms, love is not merely an emotion but an active choice and commitment. This phrase suggests that one should not only seek wisdom but also cherish and prioritize it in their life. The historical context of Proverbs, often attributed to Solomon, reflects a culture that revered wisdom as a divine attribute, worthy of love and dedication.

and she will guard you
The assurance that wisdom "will guard you" reinforces the protective role of wisdom. The Hebrew word for "guard" is "נצר" (natsar), which means to watch, protect, or maintain. This suggests that wisdom acts as a vigilant protector, keeping one safe from harm and guiding them through life's challenges. In the scriptural context, this guarding is not just physical but also moral and spiritual, helping individuals to maintain integrity and righteousness. The promise of protection is a testament to the power and efficacy of living a life grounded in divine wisdom.

Wisdom is supreme
The Hebrew word for "wisdom" is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of knowledge in daily life. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was highly valued and often associated with the ability to make sound decisions and live a life pleasing to God. The phrase "is supreme" underscores the preeminence of wisdom above all other pursuits. It suggests that wisdom is not just one of many virtues but the principal thing, the foundation upon which a righteous life is built. In a conservative Christian perspective, this aligns with the belief that true wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10), indicating a reverent relationship with God as the source of all wisdom.

so acquire wisdom
The Hebrew verb "קָנָה" (qanah) translated as "acquire" implies an active pursuit or purchase. It suggests that wisdom is not passively received but must be diligently sought after, much like a valuable treasure. This pursuit requires intentionality and effort, reflecting the biblical principle that spiritual growth and understanding require dedication and perseverance. In the historical context, acquiring wisdom often involved learning from sages, studying the Scriptures, and observing the world through a God-centered lens. For the conservative Christian, this pursuit is rooted in a commitment to studying God's Word and seeking His guidance in all aspects of life.

And whatever you may acquire
This phrase emphasizes the importance of prioritizing wisdom above all other acquisitions. The Hebrew text suggests a sense of urgency and importance, indicating that no matter what else one may gain in life—be it wealth, power, or status—wisdom should be the foremost pursuit. This aligns with the biblical teaching that earthly possessions are temporary, but wisdom, rooted in the eternal truths of God, has lasting value. In a conservative Christian view, this serves as a reminder to focus on spiritual growth and understanding rather than the fleeting pleasures of the world.

gain understanding
The Hebrew word for "understanding" is "בִּינָה" (binah), which involves discernment and insight. It is the ability to see beyond the surface and comprehend deeper truths. Understanding complements wisdom by enabling one to apply knowledge effectively in various situations. The call to "gain understanding" suggests that it is not enough to possess wisdom; one must also develop the capacity to interpret and apply it in a way that aligns with God's will. For conservative Christians, this involves a continual process of learning and growing in faith, seeking the Holy Spirit's guidance to discern God's truth in every circumstance.

Prize her
The word "prize" in this context is derived from the Hebrew word "salaq," which means to exalt or lift up. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, wisdom was not merely an abstract concept but a treasure to be highly esteemed and valued above all else. The feminine pronoun "her" refers to wisdom, personified as a woman throughout Proverbs. This personification emphasizes the nurturing and life-giving aspects of wisdom, akin to a mother or a beloved companion. In a conservative Christian perspective, prizing wisdom is akin to prizing a relationship with God, as true wisdom is seen as a divine attribute.

and she will exalt you
The reciprocal nature of this phrase highlights a fundamental biblical principle: when one values and seeks wisdom, wisdom, in turn, elevates and honors the seeker. The Hebrew root "rum" for "exalt" conveys the idea of being lifted up or raised to a higher status. Historically, those who pursued wisdom were often elevated in society, gaining respect and authority. In a spiritual sense, this elevation is not just social but also moral and spiritual, aligning one's life more closely with God's will.

if you embrace her
The act of embracing, from the Hebrew "chabaq," suggests a close, intimate relationship. It implies not just a casual acquaintance with wisdom but a deep, committed engagement. In the biblical context, embracing wisdom is akin to embracing God's commandments and teachings. This phrase encourages believers to hold tightly to wisdom, allowing it to guide every aspect of their lives. The imagery of an embrace also suggests warmth, protection, and affection, reinforcing the idea that wisdom is a cherished companion on the journey of faith.

she will honor you
The promise of honor is a significant theme in the wisdom literature of the Bible. The Hebrew word "kabad" for "honor" implies weightiness or glory. In ancient times, honor was a highly sought-after virtue, often associated with one's reputation and standing in the community. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this honor is not merely worldly recognition but a reflection of God's favor and blessing. By living a life guided by wisdom, believers are assured of a legacy that brings glory to God and reflects His character to the world.

She will set
The "she" in this verse refers to wisdom, personified as a woman throughout Proverbs. The Hebrew root for "set" is "natan," which means to give, bestow, or grant. This implies an intentional and generous act, suggesting that wisdom actively bestows its benefits upon those who seek it. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the act of setting something on one's head was a sign of honor and recognition, indicating that wisdom elevates and dignifies those who embrace her.

a garland of grace
The word "garland" comes from the Hebrew "livyah," which refers to a wreath or a crown, often used in celebratory or victorious contexts. "Grace" is translated from "chen," meaning favor, charm, or elegance. Together, this phrase suggests that wisdom adorns an individual with favor and honor, much like a victor in a race would be crowned. In the historical context, garlands were symbols of victory and celebration, indicating that wisdom brings a life marked by divine favor and success.

on your head
The head is often symbolic of authority, identity, and honor in biblical literature. Placing a garland on the head signifies a transformation in status and identity. In the scriptural context, this act represents the elevation of one's life through the acquisition of wisdom, suggesting that wisdom not only beautifies but also empowers and dignifies the individual.

she will present you
The phrase "present you" is derived from the Hebrew "magen," which means to deliver or to give. This indicates a deliberate and purposeful action by wisdom to bestow something valuable. The imagery here is of wisdom as a benefactor, offering gifts that enhance and enrich one's life. This aligns with the biblical theme of wisdom as a divine gift that leads to a fulfilling and righteous life.

with a crown of beauty
The "crown" is translated from "atarah," a term used for royal or priestly crowns, symbolizing authority, honor, and splendor. "Beauty" comes from "tipharah," meaning glory, splendor, or magnificence. This phrase suggests that wisdom bestows a regal and glorious identity upon those who embrace her. In the historical and scriptural context, a crown is a symbol of divine favor and leadership, indicating that wisdom elevates one to a position of honor and influence.

Listen, my son, and receive my words, and the years of your life will be many
Listen, my son
The Hebrew word for "listen" is "שְׁמַע" (shema), which implies not just hearing but an active, attentive listening that leads to obedience. This is a call to pay close attention, a theme that resonates throughout the book of Proverbs. The phrase "my son" indicates a personal and intimate relationship, suggesting that the wisdom being imparted is not just for anyone, but for those who are in a close, familial relationship with the speaker, often understood as Solomon addressing his children or, more broadly, God addressing His people.

and receive my words
The term "receive" in Hebrew is "קַח" (laqach), which means to take hold of or accept. This implies an active engagement with the wisdom being offered, not just passive hearing. The "words" here are not mere suggestions but are seen as divine wisdom, instructions that are meant to guide one's life. In the biblical context, words are powerful and carry the weight of authority and truth, especially when they are from a father figure or God.

and the years of your life will be many
This phrase promises longevity as a reward for heeding wisdom. The concept of a long life is often associated with obedience and righteousness in the Old Testament. The Hebrew understanding of "many" (רַבִּים, rabbim) years is not just about quantity but quality of life, filled with peace and prosperity. This reflects the covenantal blessings found in Deuteronomy, where obedience to God's commandments is linked to life and prosperity in the land. The promise of many years is both a literal and metaphorical assurance of a life well-lived under God's guidance.

I will guide you in the way of wisdom
This phrase begins with a promise of guidance, emphasizing the active role of a teacher or a father figure, which is a recurring theme in Proverbs. The Hebrew word for "guide" is "yarah," which means to instruct or direct. This word is often used in the context of teaching or pointing out a path, suggesting a deliberate and careful process. The "way of wisdom" refers to a lifestyle or path characterized by godly understanding and discernment. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was not merely intellectual but practical, involving moral and ethical living. The "way" (Hebrew: "derek") implies a journey or a course of life, indicating that wisdom is not a destination but a continuous path.

I have led you along straight paths
The phrase "I have led you" uses the Hebrew word "darak," which means to tread or march. This suggests a sense of purpose and direction, as if the teacher has not only shown the way but has also walked it alongside the learner. The "straight paths" symbolize a life of righteousness and integrity. In biblical times, a straight path was often associated with safety and directness, free from obstacles and dangers. This imagery contrasts with the crooked or perverse paths that lead to destruction, as mentioned elsewhere in Proverbs. The emphasis here is on the clarity and simplicity of a life lived according to God's wisdom, which provides security and peace.

When you walk
The Hebrew word for "walk" is "halak," which implies a continuous, habitual action. In the context of Proverbs, walking often symbolizes living one's life or conducting oneself in daily activities. This phrase suggests a life journey guided by wisdom. Walking in wisdom means making choices aligned with God's principles, leading to a life of purpose and direction. Historically, walking was the primary mode of transportation, symbolizing a steady, deliberate progress through life.

your steps
The term "steps" in Hebrew is "ashur," which can refer to one's course of life or the decisions and actions taken. Each step represents a choice or action in life. In a biblical context, steps are often associated with divine guidance, as seen in Psalm 37:23, "The steps of a man are ordered by the LORD." This implies that a life guided by wisdom is one where each decision is underpinned by divine insight and moral clarity.

will not be impeded
The phrase "will not be impeded" comes from the Hebrew "yatsar," meaning to be narrow or restricted. In this context, it suggests that a life lived in wisdom will not be hindered by obstacles or difficulties. The path of wisdom is portrayed as a clear and open road, free from the hindrances that often accompany foolish choices. Historically, this reflects the ancient understanding of wisdom as a protective force, ensuring smooth progress through life's challenges.

when you run
"Run" in Hebrew is "ruts," indicating a more urgent or accelerated pace compared to walking. Running can symbolize times of urgency or moments when quick decisions are necessary. In the biblical narrative, running often signifies eagerness or zeal, as seen in the account of the prodigal son, where the father runs to meet his returning son. This phrase suggests that even in times of urgency, wisdom provides stability and assurance.

you will not stumble
The word "stumble" is translated from the Hebrew "kashal," meaning to totter or fall. Stumbling is often used metaphorically in Scripture to describe moral or spiritual failure. The assurance that one "will not stumble" when guided by wisdom is a powerful promise of stability and security. In the broader biblical context, this reflects the belief that wisdom, rooted in the fear of the Lord, provides a firm foundation that prevents moral and spiritual missteps.

Hold on to instruction
The Hebrew word for "instruction" here is "mûsār," which encompasses discipline, correction, and teaching. In the ancient Near Eastern context, instruction was not merely academic but a holistic approach to living a life aligned with divine wisdom. The phrase "hold on" suggests a firm, unwavering grip, indicating the importance of actively maintaining and valuing the teachings of wisdom. This is a call to prioritize divine guidance above all else, recognizing it as a vital component of a righteous life.

do not let go
This phrase emphasizes persistence and commitment. The Hebrew verb "rāphâ" can mean to slacken or let go, and here it serves as a warning against becoming complacent or neglectful. In a world filled with distractions and temptations, the believer is urged to remain steadfast in their pursuit of wisdom. This echoes the broader biblical theme of perseverance in faith, as seen in the New Testament exhortations to "run with endurance" (Hebrews 12:1).

Guard it
The word "guard" translates from the Hebrew "shāmar," which means to keep, watch, or preserve. This term is often used in the context of a watchman vigilantly protecting a city. Similarly, believers are called to be vigilant in safeguarding the wisdom they have received. This involves not only internalizing instruction but also defending it against external influences that may seek to undermine or distort it.

for it is your life
The phrase "it is your life" underscores the essential nature of wisdom in the believer's existence. In Hebrew, "ḥayyîm" refers to life in its fullest sense, encompassing physical, spiritual, and eternal dimensions. This reflects the biblical understanding that true life is found in alignment with God's will and wisdom. The verse concludes with a powerful reminder that wisdom is not merely an accessory to life but its very essence, guiding the believer toward a fulfilling and God-honoring existence.

Do not set foot
The phrase "do not set foot" is a strong admonition against even beginning a journey down a path that leads to sin. In Hebrew, the word for "set foot" can imply taking the first step or making a decision to embark on a particular course. This suggests a proactive choice to avoid sin from the outset. The imagery of setting foot highlights the importance of vigilance and intentionality in one's spiritual walk. It is a call to be discerning and cautious, recognizing that even a small step in the wrong direction can lead to a dangerous trajectory.

on the path
The "path" in Hebrew often symbolizes one's way of life or moral conduct. In ancient times, paths were well-trodden routes that people followed regularly, indicating habitual behavior. The use of "path" here suggests a lifestyle or pattern of behavior that is contrary to God's will. It serves as a metaphor for the choices and habits that define one's life. The verse warns against adopting a lifestyle that aligns with wickedness, emphasizing the importance of choosing a path that leads to righteousness and life.

of the wicked
The term "wicked" refers to those who are morally wrong or guilty of sin. In the Hebrew context, the wicked are those who live in opposition to God's laws and principles. This word carries a sense of active rebellion against divine order. The warning against the path of the wicked is a call to separate oneself from influences and associations that lead away from God's truth. It underscores the need for believers to pursue holiness and to be distinct from those who reject God's authority.

or walk
To "walk" in biblical terms often signifies one's conduct or manner of living. It implies ongoing action and a continuous way of life. The Hebrew concept of walking is not just about physical movement but about the direction and purpose of one's life. This phrase encourages believers to be mindful of their daily actions and decisions, ensuring that they align with God's will. It is a reminder that our walk should reflect our faith and commitment to God's ways.

in the way
The "way" is another metaphor for one's life journey or moral direction. In the biblical context, the way can represent either the path of righteousness or the path of sin. The use of "way" here emphasizes the importance of choosing the right direction in life. It is a call to follow the way of wisdom and truth, as opposed to the way of folly and deception. This phrase highlights the significance of aligning one's life with God's guidance and purpose.

of evildoers
"Evildoers" refers to those who actively engage in wrongdoing and sin. In Hebrew, this term often describes individuals who not only commit evil acts but also influence others to do the same. The warning against walking in the way of evildoers is a caution against being swayed by those who reject God's commands. It serves as a reminder to resist the temptation to conform to the patterns of this world and to remain steadfast in pursuing righteousness. This phrase calls believers to be a light in a dark world, standing firm in their faith and convictions.

Avoid it
The Hebrew word for "avoid" is "פָּרַע" (para), which conveys the idea of letting go or neglecting. In the context of this verse, it emphasizes a deliberate and conscious decision to steer clear of the path of wickedness. This is not a passive avoidance but an active choice to distance oneself from evil. Historically, the Israelites were often warned against adopting the practices of surrounding nations, which were contrary to God's commandments. This phrase serves as a reminder to Christians today to be vigilant and intentional in avoiding sin and temptation.

do not travel on it
The phrase "do not travel on it" uses the Hebrew verb "עָבַר" (avar), meaning to pass over or through. This suggests a journey or a path one might take. In ancient times, roads and paths were significant as they connected cities and facilitated trade and communication. Spiritually, this phrase warns against embarking on a journey that leads away from righteousness. It calls believers to be mindful of the direction their lives are taking and to ensure they are not walking in the counsel of the wicked, as echoed in Psalm 1:1.

Turn from it
The Hebrew word "סוּר" (sur) means to turn aside or depart. This action is more than just avoiding; it involves a decisive change in direction. In the biblical context, repentance is often described as turning away from sin and turning towards God. This phrase encourages believers to actively reject the path of sin and to realign their lives with God's will. It is a call to repentance and transformation, urging Christians to seek God's guidance and strength in making righteous choices.

and pass on by
The phrase "pass on by" uses the Hebrew "עָבַר" (avar) again, but here it implies moving forward without engaging. It suggests a sense of progress and forward movement, leaving behind what is harmful or sinful. In the historical context, this could relate to the Israelites' journey through the wilderness, where they were instructed to pass by certain territories without engaging in conflict. For Christians, this phrase serves as an encouragement to keep moving forward in their spiritual journey, focusing on their relationship with God and not being distracted or entangled by sin.

For they cannot sleep
This phrase highlights the restless nature of the wicked. The Hebrew root word for "sleep" here is "yashen," which implies a state of rest or peace. In the context of this verse, it suggests that those who pursue evil are in a constant state of unrest. Historically, this reflects the understanding that sin disrupts the natural order and peace that God intends for humanity. The inability to sleep symbolizes a deeper spiritual unrest and a life out of alignment with God's will.

unless they do evil
The phrase "do evil" comes from the Hebrew word "ra'ah," which means to act wickedly or cause harm. This indicates a deliberate choice to engage in wrongdoing. In the biblical context, evil is not just an abstract concept but a tangible action that opposes God's righteousness. The historical context of Proverbs, attributed to Solomon, reflects a time when wisdom literature was used to instruct the young in the ways of righteousness, contrasting the path of the wicked with the path of the wise.

they are deprived of slumber
"Deprived of slumber" suggests a forced wakefulness, an inability to find rest. The Hebrew word for "slumber" is "shenah," which is often associated with a peaceful, restorative rest. The use of this word here emphasizes the consequences of a life of sin—an absence of true peace and rest. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that sin leads to turmoil and separation from God, who is the source of true peace.

until they make someone fall
The phrase "make someone fall" is derived from the Hebrew "kashal," meaning to stumble or bring down. This reflects the destructive nature of sin, not only affecting the sinner but also those around them. In the scriptural context, this serves as a warning about the communal impact of sin. The historical and cultural backdrop of ancient Israel, where community and relationships were central, underscores the gravity of leading others into sin. This phrase serves as a cautionary note, urging the reader to consider the broader implications of their actions on the community and their relationship with God.

For they eat
The phrase "For they eat" suggests a habitual action, indicating a lifestyle or pattern of behavior. In the Hebrew context, eating is often symbolic of taking in or internalizing something. Here, it implies that the individuals are consuming or partaking in something that is inherently corrupt. The act of eating in biblical times was not just about sustenance but also about fellowship and agreement. Thus, this phrase suggests a deep-seated acceptance and integration of wickedness into one's life.

the bread of wickedness
"the bread of wickedness" uses "bread" as a metaphor for sustenance or what one relies on for life. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, bread was a staple food, essential for survival. By describing it as "bread of wickedness," the verse highlights that these individuals are nourishing themselves with evil, allowing it to sustain and define them. The Hebrew word for wickedness, "רֶשַׁע" (resha), conveys a sense of moral wrongness and injustice. This phrase warns against allowing evil to become a fundamental part of one's life, as bread is to physical life.

and drink
The word "and drink" complements the previous phrase, indicating another form of consumption. Drinking, like eating, is a necessary act for survival, but here it is associated with something negative. In biblical symbolism, drinking can represent taking in spiritual or moral influences. This phrase suggests that the individuals are not only consuming wickedness but are also quenching their thirst with violence, further emphasizing their complete immersion in sin.

the wine of violence
"the wine of violence" uses "wine" as a metaphor for indulgence and pleasure. Wine in the Bible often symbolizes joy and celebration, but here it is twisted to represent something destructive. The Hebrew word for violence, "חָמָס" (chamas), implies cruelty, injustice, and oppression. This phrase indicates that the individuals derive pleasure and satisfaction from acts of violence, much like one would enjoy wine. It serves as a stark warning against finding delight in harmful and oppressive behaviors, as it leads to spiritual and moral decay.

The path of the righteous
This phrase refers to the journey or way of life that those who are righteous undertake. In Hebrew, the word for "path" is "orach," which implies a well-trodden road or a way of living. The "righteous" are those who live in accordance with God's laws and principles. Historically, righteousness in the Old Testament context is deeply connected to covenantal faithfulness and moral integrity. The path of the righteous is not just a physical journey but a spiritual one, marked by obedience and alignment with God's will.

is like the first gleam of dawn
The imagery here is powerful, likening the life of the righteous to the early light of morning. The "first gleam of dawn" suggests a new beginning, hope, and the promise of a new day. In Hebrew, "dawn" is "shachar," which signifies the breaking of light after darkness. This metaphor indicates that the righteous experience increasing clarity and understanding as they walk in God's ways. The dawn represents the initial stages of spiritual enlightenment and growth, a time when God's truth begins to illuminate the believer's life.

shining brighter and brighter
This phrase captures the progressive nature of spiritual growth and maturity. The Hebrew concept here is one of increasing intensity and brilliance. The righteous do not remain stagnant; their understanding and experience of God's presence and truth grow continually. This reflects the biblical principle of sanctification, where believers are transformed into the likeness of Christ over time. The light of the righteous is not self-generated but is a reflection of God's glory and truth in their lives.

until midday
The culmination of the righteous path is compared to the brightness of the noonday sun, which is the fullest and most intense light of the day. In ancient times, midday was considered the time of greatest visibility and clarity. This suggests that the ultimate goal of the righteous is to reach a state of complete understanding and communion with God. Theologically, this can be seen as a foreshadowing of the believer's ultimate glorification in the presence of God, where there is no more darkness or shadow, only the full light of His presence.

But the way of the wicked
This phrase sets a stark contrast between the righteous and the wicked, a common theme in Proverbs. The "way" refers to the path or lifestyle one chooses. In Hebrew, "derek" (דֶּרֶךְ) signifies a road or course of life. The "wicked" (רְשָׁעִים, "reshayim") are those who live in opposition to God's commandments. Historically, the wicked are often depicted as those who reject divine wisdom, choosing instead a path of moral and spiritual darkness. This path is not just a physical journey but a metaphor for the choices and actions that lead away from God's light.

is like the darkest gloom
The imagery of "darkest gloom" evokes a sense of profound obscurity and confusion. The Hebrew word "אֲפֵלָה" ("aphelah") can be translated as thick darkness or deep shadow. This darkness is not merely the absence of light but a tangible, oppressive force that envelops the wicked. In biblical times, darkness was often associated with chaos, evil, and judgment. The comparison suggests that the wicked are enveloped in a spiritual blindness, unable to perceive truth or righteousness.

they do not know
This phrase highlights the ignorance and lack of awareness that characterizes the wicked. The Hebrew verb "יָדַע" ("yada") means to know or perceive. In this context, it underscores a willful ignorance, a refusal to acknowledge or understand the consequences of one's actions. This lack of knowledge is not due to a lack of information but a deliberate choice to reject wisdom and understanding.

what makes them stumble
The word "stumble" (כָּשַׁל, "kashal") implies a fall or failure, often due to a hidden obstacle. In the spiritual sense, it represents moral and ethical failings. The wicked are unaware of the stumbling blocks in their path because they are blinded by their own sin and rebellion. This ignorance leads to repeated failures and ultimately, spiritual ruin. The verse serves as a warning that without the light of God's wisdom, one is doomed to stumble through life, unable to find true direction or purpose.

My son
This phrase is a tender and personal address, indicating a relationship of care and authority. In the Hebrew, "בְּנִי" (beni) is used, which is a term of endearment and instruction. It reflects the familial context in which wisdom is often passed down, emphasizing the importance of generational teaching. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern tradition where wisdom was often shared within the family unit, underscoring the responsibility of parents to guide their children in the ways of righteousness.

pay attention to my words
The Hebrew word for "pay attention" is "קָשַׁב" (qashab), which means to listen with the intent to obey. This is not a passive hearing but an active engagement with the speaker's words. The phrase "my words" indicates the personal and authoritative nature of the instruction being given. In the scriptural context, this is a call to heed divine wisdom, which is often communicated through the teachings of the wise. It is a reminder of the importance of being attentive to God's guidance as revealed through scripture and godly counsel.

incline your ear to my sayings
The phrase "incline your ear" uses the Hebrew "הַט" (hat), which means to stretch out or extend. This suggests an intentional effort to listen closely and carefully. "My sayings" refers to the teachings or proverbs being imparted. In the historical context, this reflects the oral tradition of teaching, where listening was a primary means of learning. The emphasis here is on the active pursuit of wisdom, requiring one to be deliberate in seeking understanding and applying it to one's life. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of seeking wisdom as a precious treasure.

Do not lose sight of them
This phrase emphasizes the importance of constant vigilance and focus. In the Hebrew text, the word for "lose sight" can be understood as "to depart" or "to let slip away." The wisdom and teachings being referred to are not just to be acknowledged but actively retained. Historically, this reflects the ancient practice of oral tradition, where teachings were memorized and recited regularly to ensure they were not forgotten. In a spiritual sense, this calls believers to a disciplined life where God's wisdom is ever-present in their daily walk.

keep them within your heart
The heart, in Hebrew thought, is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. The Hebrew word for "heart" (לֵב, lev) signifies more than just feelings; it is the seat of decision-making and moral character. To "keep" wisdom within the heart implies a deep, internalized commitment to God's teachings. Archaeologically, ancient inscriptions and artifacts often highlight the heart as a symbol of life and understanding. Scripturally, this aligns with the broader biblical narrative that calls for an internal transformation, where God's laws are written on the heart (Jeremiah 31:33). This phrase encourages believers to internalize and cherish divine wisdom, allowing it to guide every aspect of their lives.

For they are life
The phrase "for they are life" refers to the teachings and wisdom of God as imparted through the Scriptures. In Hebrew, the word for "life" is "חַיִּים" (chayim), which signifies not just physical life but a fullness of life, encompassing spiritual vitality and eternal life. This reflects the belief that God's wisdom is not merely a set of rules but a source of true life, offering guidance that leads to a flourishing existence. In a historical context, the ancient Israelites viewed the Torah as a living document, essential for maintaining a covenant relationship with God, which was the foundation of their community and personal well-being.

to those who find them
The phrase "to those who find them" implies an active pursuit and discovery of wisdom. The Hebrew root for "find" is "מָצָא" (matsa), which suggests seeking with intention and effort. This highlights the importance of diligence in studying and applying God's word. In the scriptural context, wisdom is portrayed as a treasure that must be sought after, as seen in Proverbs 2:4, where wisdom is compared to searching for hidden treasures. This pursuit is not passive but requires dedication and a heart inclined towards understanding God's will.

and health to the whole body
The phrase "and health to the whole body" underscores the holistic impact of wisdom on a person's life. The Hebrew word for "health" is "מַרְפֵּא" (marpe), which can also mean healing or cure. This suggests that wisdom brings restoration and wholeness, not just to the soul but to the entire being. The "whole body" indicates that the benefits of wisdom are comprehensive, affecting every aspect of life. Historically, the ancient Near Eastern cultures, including Israel, recognized the interconnectedness of spiritual and physical health. The teachings of Proverbs affirm that living according to God's wisdom promotes overall well-being, aligning with the biblical view that obedience to God's commandments leads to blessings and prosperity.

Above all else
This phrase emphasizes the supreme importance of the instruction that follows. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "mikkol," which means "from all" or "above all." It sets a priority, indicating that what is about to be said should be regarded as the utmost concern in one's life. In the context of Proverbs, a book filled with wisdom for living, this phrase underscores the necessity of prioritizing the heart's condition over all other pursuits or concerns.

guard your heart
The Hebrew word for "heart" is "lev," which in ancient Hebrew culture represented the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, emotions, and understanding. To "guard" (Hebrew: "natsar") implies a vigilant, protective stance, akin to a watchman over a city. This suggests an active, ongoing responsibility to protect one's inner life from influences that could lead one astray. The heart is seen as the wellspring of life, and thus, its protection is crucial for maintaining spiritual and moral integrity.

for everything you do
This phrase highlights the comprehensive impact of the heart on one's life. The Hebrew text uses "kol," meaning "all" or "everything," to indicate that the heart influences every aspect of one's actions and decisions. This reflects the biblical understanding that the internal state of a person directly affects their external behavior. It is a reminder that the heart's condition is not isolated but interconnected with all facets of life.

flows from it
The imagery here is of a spring or fountain, with the Hebrew word "totsa'ot" suggesting "issues" or "outgoings." This metaphor illustrates the heart as the source from which life emanates, much like water flows from a spring. In ancient times, a spring was a vital source of life and sustenance, and similarly, the heart is depicted as the source of spiritual and moral vitality. This underscores the necessity of maintaining a pure and guarded heart to ensure that what flows from it is life-giving and aligned with God's wisdom.

Put away deception from your mouth
The phrase "Put away" suggests an active and intentional effort to remove something undesirable. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "סוּר" (sur), which means to turn aside or depart. This implies a conscious decision to reject falsehood and deceit. The "mouth" is often symbolic of communication and expression in biblical literature. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the mouth was seen as a powerful tool for both good and evil, capable of blessing and cursing. The call to put away deception underscores the importance of integrity and truthfulness in one's speech, reflecting a heart aligned with God's wisdom.

keep your lips from perverse speech
The word "keep" in Hebrew is "נָצַר" (natsar), which means to guard or watch over. This suggests vigilance and careful attention to what one says. "Lips" are often used metaphorically in Scripture to represent speech or communication. The term "perverse" comes from the Hebrew "לָזוּת" (lazut), which implies something twisted or distorted. In the biblical context, perverse speech is not just about vulgarity or profanity but includes any form of communication that deviates from truth and righteousness. Historically, the Israelites were called to be a people set apart, reflecting God's holiness in every aspect of life, including their speech. This verse encourages believers to maintain purity in their words, aligning their communication with the divine standard of truth and love.

Let your eyes look forward
This phrase emphasizes the importance of focus and direction in one's life. The Hebrew word for "eyes" is "ayin," which often symbolizes perception and understanding. In the context of Proverbs, it suggests a spiritual and moral focus, urging believers to maintain a clear vision of God's path. Historically, the Israelites were often reminded to keep their eyes on God's commandments and promises, avoiding distractions that could lead them astray. This directive is a call to prioritize spiritual goals over worldly temptations, reflecting a disciplined life that seeks divine wisdom.

fix your gaze straight ahead
The phrase "fix your gaze" comes from the Hebrew "nakan," meaning to establish or set firmly. This implies a deliberate and unwavering commitment to one's spiritual journey. The word "straight" is derived from "yashar," which means upright or righteous. In the ancient Near Eastern context, roads and paths were often winding and treacherous, so a straight path symbolized safety and righteousness. Scripturally, this is a metaphor for living a life aligned with God's will, avoiding the pitfalls of sin and distraction. It encourages believers to remain steadfast in their faith, looking towards the ultimate goal of eternal life with God. This verse serves as a reminder that a life of faith requires intentionality and perseverance, keeping one's spiritual vision clear and focused on the teachings of Christ.

Make level paths for your feet
This phrase emphasizes the importance of intentionality and preparation in one's spiritual journey. The Hebrew word for "make level" is "pales," which implies weighing or making straight. In ancient times, roads were often uneven and treacherous, requiring careful planning to ensure safe travel. Spiritually, this suggests that believers should remove obstacles and distractions from their lives, aligning their actions with God's will to walk securely in faith.

and all your ways
The term "ways" in Hebrew is "derek," which refers to a path or journey. It encompasses not just physical movement but the entirety of one's life choices and moral conduct. Historically, the concept of "ways" is deeply rooted in the wisdom literature of the Bible, where it often contrasts the righteous path with the way of the wicked. This phrase calls believers to consider every aspect of their lives, ensuring that all actions reflect a commitment to God's guidance.

will be sure
The word "sure" translates from the Hebrew "kun," meaning to be firm, established, or prepared. In the context of ancient Israel, a "sure" path was one that was stable and reliable, free from the dangers of stumbling. This assurance is a promise of divine support and stability for those who diligently follow God's instructions. It reflects a life built on the solid foundation of faith, where each step is guided by divine wisdom and leads to spiritual security.

Do not swerve
The phrase "do not swerve" is a call to steadfastness and unwavering commitment to the path of righteousness. In the Hebrew text, the word used here can be understood as "to turn aside" or "to deviate." This is a warning against being distracted or led astray by temptations or false teachings. Historically, the Israelites were often tempted to follow the practices of surrounding nations, which led them away from God's commandments. This phrase encourages believers to remain focused on God's path, emphasizing the importance of discipline and perseverance in the Christian walk.

to the right
The mention of "to the right" signifies the potential to deviate from the intended path. In biblical times, the right side was often associated with strength and favor, as seen in various scriptures where the right hand of God symbolizes power and authority. However, in this context, it serves as a metaphor for any deviation, even towards something that might seem good or strong, but is not aligned with God's will. It is a reminder that even seemingly positive distractions can lead one away from the true path.

or to the left
Similarly, "or to the left" represents another form of deviation. The left side, in contrast to the right, was sometimes seen as less favorable or weaker. This phrase underscores the idea that any deviation, whether towards something seemingly strong or weak, is a departure from the path of righteousness. It highlights the need for balance and discernment in the Christian life, ensuring that one's focus remains on God's direction rather than being swayed by external influences.

turn your feet
The instruction to "turn your feet" is an active call to action, urging believers to consciously direct their steps. In Hebrew culture, the feet often symbolized one's journey or way of life. This phrase suggests a deliberate choice to align one's actions and decisions with God's commandments. It is a reminder that following God's path requires intentionality and effort, not passive acceptance.

from evil
The final phrase, "from evil," serves as a clear directive to avoid sin and wrongdoing. In the biblical context, evil encompasses anything that is contrary to God's nature and commandments. This includes moral failings, idolatry, and injustice. The call to turn away from evil is a fundamental aspect of living a life that honors God. It emphasizes the importance of holiness and purity, encouraging believers to reject anything that would lead them away from God's presence and purpose.