On one occasion
This phrase sets the scene for a specific event in the life of Jesus. The Greek word used here, "ἐγένετο" (egeneto), often introduces a narrative, indicating a significant moment. It suggests that what follows is not just a random occurrence but a divinely orchestrated event. This highlights the providential nature of Jesus' ministry, where every moment is purposeful and directed by God.

while the crowd was pressing in on Him
The imagery of the crowd pressing in on Jesus illustrates the intense desire of the people to be near Him. The Greek word "ἐπικεῖσθαι" (epikeisthai) conveys a sense of urgency and eagerness. This reflects the magnetic draw of Jesus' presence and teaching, as people were hungry for truth and healing. It also foreshadows the growing popularity and subsequent challenges Jesus would face in His ministry.

to hear the word of God
This phrase underscores the primary reason the crowd sought Jesus: to hear divine truth. The Greek term "ἀκούειν" (akouein) implies not just hearing but listening with intent and understanding. The "word of God" signifies the authoritative and life-giving message that Jesus proclaimed. It emphasizes the power and importance of Scripture, which is central to the Christian faith as the ultimate source of truth and guidance.

He was standing by the Lake of Gennesaret
The Lake of Gennesaret, also known as the Sea of Galilee, is a significant geographical location in Jesus' ministry. This body of water is rich in biblical history and symbolism, representing a place of teaching, miracles, and calling of disciples. The fact that Jesus was standing by the lake suggests His readiness to engage with the people and His accessibility to those who sought Him. It also sets the stage for the miraculous events that would follow, demonstrating His authority over nature and His ability to transform ordinary circumstances into extraordinary encounters with God.

He saw
The phrase "He saw" indicates Jesus' perceptive nature and His ability to notice the details of everyday life. In the Greek, the word used is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which implies not just a casual glance but a deeper, discerning observation. This reflects Jesus' divine insight and His intentionality in engaging with the world around Him. It reminds us that nothing escapes His notice, and He is always aware of our circumstances.

two boats
The mention of "two boats" is significant in the context of the narrative. Boats were essential for the livelihood of fishermen in Galilee, and their presence indicates a scene of daily labor and routine. The Greek word for boats, "πλοῖα" (ploia), suggests vessels used for fishing, which were common in the region. This detail sets the stage for the miraculous event that follows, highlighting the ordinary means through which Jesus often works extraordinary miracles.

at the edge of the lake
"At the edge of the lake" situates the scene geographically and symbolically. The lake referred to is the Sea of Galilee, a central location in Jesus' ministry. The edge, or "παρά" (para) in Greek, suggests a boundary or transition point, symbolizing the threshold between the mundane and the miraculous. It is at these edges of our lives that Jesus often meets us, ready to transform our ordinary experiences into divine encounters.

The fishermen had left them
This phrase indicates a pause in the fishermen's work, as they had "left" (ἀποβάντες, apobantes) their boats. This action suggests a temporary cessation of their labor, possibly due to the completion of a night's work or preparation for the next. It reflects the human need for rest and the rhythm of work and pause. Spiritually, it can symbolize moments when we step away from our efforts, creating space for Jesus to intervene and redirect our paths.

and were washing their nets
"Washing their nets" describes a routine task necessary for maintaining the tools of their trade. The Greek word "ἀποπλύνοντες" (apoplunontes) implies a thorough cleansing, essential for effective fishing. This act of preparation and care for their equipment underscores the diligence and responsibility of the fishermen. In a spiritual sense, it can represent the need for purification and readiness in our own lives, as we prepare to receive and respond to God's call. The act of washing signifies cleansing and renewal, themes central to the Gospel message.

He got into one of the boats
In this passage, Jesus takes a deliberate action by entering one of the boats. The Greek word for "got into" is "ἐμβαίνω" (embainō), which implies a purposeful movement. This action signifies Jesus' intention to engage with the people in a more profound way. Boats were common in the fishing industry around the Sea of Galilee, and their use in this context highlights Jesus' connection to the everyday lives of the people. Historically, boats were essential for transportation and commerce, symbolizing a vessel for spreading the message of the Gospel.

the one belonging to Simon
The specific mention of Simon's boat is significant. Simon, later known as Peter, is a central figure in the New Testament. The Greek name "Σίμων" (Simōn) is derived from the Hebrew "שִׁמְעוֹן" (Shim'on), meaning "he has heard." This name is fitting, as Simon Peter becomes a key disciple who listens to and acts upon Jesus' teachings. The choice of Simon's boat foreshadows his future role as a leader in the early Church, emphasizing the personal relationship Jesus establishes with His followers.

and asked him to put out a little from shore
Jesus' request to Simon to move the boat slightly away from the shore is both practical and symbolic. The Greek word "παρακαλέω" (parakaleō) for "asked" conveys a sense of urging or inviting, indicating Jesus' gentle authority. By moving away from the shore, Jesus creates a natural amphitheater, allowing His voice to carry over the water to the crowd. This action also symbolizes a separation from the mundane, inviting listeners to step away from their daily concerns and focus on spiritual truths.

Then He sat down
In the cultural context of the time, sitting was the traditional posture for teaching. The Greek word "καθίζω" (kathizō) means to sit down, indicating a position of authority and readiness to instruct. By sitting, Jesus assumes the role of a rabbi or teacher, preparing to impart wisdom to those gathered. This act underscores the importance of His message and the respect due to His teachings.

and taught the people from the boat
The phrase "taught the people" uses the Greek word "διδάσκω" (didaskō), which means to instruct or impart knowledge. Jesus' teaching from the boat is a powerful image of His mission to reach out to the masses. The boat becomes a pulpit, symbolizing the spread of the Gospel across the waters to all nations. This setting emphasizes the accessibility of Jesus' message, as He uses everyday situations to convey profound spiritual truths. The act of teaching from the boat also highlights the importance of adaptability in ministry, using available resources to reach people effectively.

When He had finished speaking
This phrase sets the scene for the miraculous event that is about to unfold. Jesus had been teaching the crowds from Simon Peter's boat, illustrating His role as a teacher and leader. The Greek word for "speaking" here is "λαλέω" (laleó), which often implies a conversational or instructive tone. This highlights Jesus' method of engaging with people directly and personally, emphasizing His accessibility and the relational aspect of His ministry.

He said to Simon
Jesus addresses Simon Peter directly, indicating a personal interaction. The use of Simon's name signifies the beginning of a deeper relationship and calling. In the cultural and historical context, addressing someone by name was a sign of respect and personal connection. This moment marks the transition from a general teaching to a specific, life-changing encounter for Simon.

Put out into deep water
The instruction to move into "deep water" is both literal and metaphorical. The Greek word "βάθος" (bathos) refers to depth, suggesting a place beyond the ordinary, a place of potential and risk. Spiritually, this can be seen as a call to faith, urging Simon to move beyond his comfort zone and trust in Jesus' guidance. Historically, fishermen would typically fish in shallower waters, making this command counterintuitive and a test of obedience.

and let down your nets for a catch
This phrase is a direct command from Jesus, promising a result that defies human logic. The Greek word for "let down" is "χαλάω" (chalaó), which implies a deliberate action of lowering or releasing. The nets symbolize the tools and efforts of human labor, and Jesus' instruction suggests that divine intervention can transform ordinary efforts into extraordinary outcomes. This command challenges Simon to trust in Jesus' word over his own experience and expertise as a fisherman.

Simon replied
In this opening phrase, we see Simon Peter, a central figure among Jesus' disciples, responding to Jesus. The name "Simon" is of Hebrew origin, derived from "Shim'on," meaning "he has heard." This is significant as Simon Peter often acts as the spokesperson for the disciples, indicating his role as one who listens and responds. Historically, Simon Peter is a fisherman by trade, and his interactions with Jesus often reflect his journey from a simple fisherman to a foundational leader in the early Church.

Master
The term "Master" here is translated from the Greek word "epistates," which is used in the Gospel of Luke to denote someone with authority or command. This title reflects Simon Peter's recognition of Jesus' authority, even though he may not yet fully understand Jesus' divine nature. In the cultural and historical context of the time, addressing someone as "Master" would indicate respect and acknowledgment of their superior knowledge or position.

we have worked hard all night
This phrase highlights the effort and toil of Simon and his companions. The Greek word for "worked hard" is "kopiao," which implies laboring to the point of exhaustion. Fishing at night was common practice in the ancient world, as fish were more active and easier to catch. This statement underscores the futility of their efforts without divine intervention, setting the stage for the miraculous catch that follows.

and caught nothing
The phrase "caught nothing" emphasizes the fruitlessness of their labor. In the Greek, "nothing" is "ouden," which is absolute, indicating complete failure. This sets a stark contrast to the abundance that Jesus will provide, illustrating the theme that human efforts without God's blessing can often result in emptiness. It also serves as a metaphor for spiritual barrenness without Christ.

But because You say so
Here, Simon Peter's obedience is highlighted. The Greek word "rhema" is used for "say," which refers to a spoken word or command. Despite his own experience and understanding, Simon chooses to trust Jesus' word. This act of faith is pivotal, demonstrating a willingness to submit to Jesus' authority even when it defies human logic or experience.

I will let down the nets
This final phrase signifies action based on faith. The Greek word for "let down" is "chalao," which means to lower or release. Simon Peter's decision to let down the nets despite previous failure is an act of obedience and trust. This action foreshadows the miraculous catch of fish, symbolizing the blessings and abundance that follow when one acts in faith and obedience to God's word. It serves as an inspirational reminder that faith in Jesus' commands can lead to unexpected and miraculous outcomes.

When they had done so
This phrase indicates obedience to Jesus' command. The Greek word for "done" is "ποιήσαντες" (poiēsantes), which implies an action completed in response to an instruction. This highlights the importance of faith and obedience in the Christian life. The disciples' willingness to follow Jesus' directive, despite their previous unsuccessful efforts, serves as a model for believers to trust in divine guidance even when it contradicts human experience or logic.

they caught
The Greek word "συνέκλεισαν" (syneklēsan) is used here, meaning to enclose or capture. This word conveys the idea of a successful endeavor, emphasizing the miraculous nature of the event. In the context of the Gospel, this act of catching fish symbolizes the future mission of the disciples as "fishers of men" (Matthew 4:19), where they will gather people into the kingdom of God through the message of the Gospel.

such a large number of fish
The phrase underscores the abundance of the catch, which was beyond normal expectations. This abundance is a recurring theme in Scripture, often illustrating God's provision and blessing. Historically, the Sea of Galilee was known for its rich fish population, but the miraculous nature of this catch points to divine intervention. It serves as a reminder that God's blessings often exceed human limitations and expectations.

that their nets began to tear
The Greek word for "tear" is "διαρρήγνυμι" (diarrēgnyō), which means to burst or break apart. This detail highlights the overwhelming nature of the miracle, as the nets were not designed to hold such a large catch. It symbolizes the overflowing grace and power of God, which can surpass human capacity. In a broader spiritual sense, it suggests that when God moves, the results can be beyond what we are prepared to handle, urging believers to expand their faith and readiness for God's work.

So they signaled
The act of signaling indicates a non-verbal communication, which was essential in the bustling environment of the Sea of Galilee. The Greek word used here, "κατένευσαν" (kateneusan), implies a beckoning or nodding gesture. This reflects the urgency and excitement of the moment, as the fishermen were overwhelmed by the miraculous catch. In a broader sense, it symbolizes the call to partnership in ministry, where believers are invited to share in the work of God.

to their partners
The term "partners" comes from the Greek "μετόχοις" (metochois), meaning sharers or companions. This highlights the communal nature of the early disciples' work. In the historical context, fishing was often a cooperative effort, requiring teamwork and mutual support. Spiritually, it underscores the importance of fellowship and collaboration in the Christian journey, as believers are called to work together in spreading the Gospel.

in the other boat
The mention of "the other boat" signifies the presence of multiple vessels, indicating a thriving fishing operation. Boats were crucial to the livelihood of fishermen in Galilee, and their construction and maintenance were significant undertakings. This detail reminds us of the resources and tools God provides for His work, and the readiness required to respond to His call.

to come and help them
The request for help, "ἐλθόντας συλλαβεῖν" (elthontas syllabein), emphasizes the necessity of assistance in times of abundance. It reflects the humility and recognition that God's blessings often require communal effort to manage. This phrase encourages believers to seek and offer help within the body of Christ, fostering a spirit of unity and shared purpose.

and they came
The immediate response of the partners, "καὶ ἦλθον" (kai ēlthon), demonstrates obedience and readiness to act. This willingness to respond to a call for help is a model for Christian service, where prompt action is often needed to address the needs of others and to participate in God's work.

and filled both boats
The filling of both boats, "καὶ ἐπλήρωσαν ἀμφότερα τὰ πλοῖα" (kai eplērōsan amphotera ta ploia), signifies the abundance of God's provision. The miraculous catch is a testament to Jesus' divine authority and the blessings that follow obedience to His word. It serves as a reminder that God's resources are limitless and that He provides beyond our expectations.

so full that they began to sink
The phrase "ὥστε βυθίζεσθαι αὐτά" (hōste bythizesthai auta) illustrates the overwhelming nature of the blessing. The boats, symbols of human effort and capacity, are filled to the point of sinking, highlighting the contrast between human limitations and divine abundance. This imagery encourages believers to trust in God's provision, even when it surpasses our ability to contain or comprehend it.

When Simon Peter saw this
The phrase "saw this" refers to the miraculous catch of fish that Jesus orchestrated. Simon Peter, a seasoned fisherman, recognized the divine nature of this event. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which implies not just physical sight but also perception and understanding. This moment of revelation is pivotal, as it marks the beginning of Peter's deeper understanding of Jesus' divine authority and power.

he fell at Jesus’ knees
The act of falling at Jesus' knees is a gesture of humility and reverence. In the cultural and historical context of the time, kneeling was a sign of submission and worship. The Greek word "προσέπεσεν" (prosepesen) indicates a prostration, a physical acknowledgment of Jesus' holiness and Peter's own unworthiness. This act signifies Peter's recognition of Jesus as more than a teacher; he sees Him as the Lord.

Go away from me, Lord
Peter's plea, "Go away from me," is a paradoxical expression of both fear and faith. The term "Lord" (κύριε, kyrie) is significant, as it denotes respect and acknowledgment of Jesus' divine authority. Peter's reaction is reminiscent of the Old Testament encounters with God, where individuals often felt unworthy in the presence of the divine (e.g., Isaiah 6:5). This reflects a deep awareness of his own sinfulness in contrast to Jesus' holiness.

for I am a sinful man
Peter's confession, "I am a sinful man," is a profound moment of self-awareness and repentance. The Greek word for "sinful" is "ἁμαρτωλός" (hamartolos), which means one who has missed the mark or fallen short of God's standards. This acknowledgment is crucial in the Christian journey, as it is the recognition of one's sinfulness that opens the heart to the grace and forgiveness offered by Christ. Peter's humility sets the stage for his transformation and future role as a leader in the early Church.

For he and his companions
This phrase refers to Simon Peter and those with him, likely including James and John, the sons of Zebedee, who were partners in the fishing business. The Greek word for "companions" (κοινωνοί, koinonoi) implies a close partnership or fellowship. This highlights the communal nature of their work and the shared experience of witnessing Jesus' miraculous power. In a broader sense, it reflects the early Christian community's emphasis on fellowship and shared mission, as seen in Acts 2:42.

were astonished
The Greek word used here is "θάμβος" (thambos), which conveys a sense of amazement or awe. This reaction is not merely surprise but a profound recognition of the divine intervention they have just witnessed. In the context of the Gospel, this astonishment is a recurring theme when people encounter the miraculous works of Jesus, pointing to His divine authority and the breaking in of God's kingdom.

at the catch of fish
The "catch of fish" is central to this narrative, symbolizing abundance and divine provision. In the historical context, fishing was a common occupation around the Sea of Galilee, and a catch of this magnitude would have been economically significant. Spiritually, this miraculous catch prefigures the mission of the disciples as "fishers of men" (Luke 5:10), indicating the abundant harvest of souls that would result from their future ministry.

they had taken
The phrase "they had taken" underscores the disciples' active participation in the miracle. While the power and initiative are clearly from Jesus, the disciples' obedience in casting their nets despite their initial skepticism (Luke 5:5) is crucial. This cooperation between divine power and human action is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing faith and obedience as responses to God's call.

and so were his partners
This phrase indicates the close relationship and shared vocation among Simon Peter, James, and John. The Greek word for "partners" is "κοινωνοί" (koinonoi), which implies a fellowship or partnership in business. This partnership in fishing foreshadows their future collaboration in the ministry of Jesus. Historically, fishing was a common trade in Galilee, and these men were likely well-acquainted with the demands and challenges of their work, which prepared them for the rigors of discipleship.

James and John, the sons of Zebedee
James and John, often referred to as the "Sons of Thunder" (Mark 3:17), were prominent figures among Jesus' disciples. Their father, Zebedee, was a fisherman, indicating a family business. This familial context highlights the sacrifice they made in leaving their livelihood to follow Jesus. The mention of their father underscores the cultural importance of family ties and the radical nature of their decision to follow Christ.

But Jesus said to Simon
The direct address to Simon Peter signifies his emerging leadership role among the disciples. The Greek name "Σίμων" (Simon) is a common Jewish name, and Jesus' personal address indicates a moment of transformation. Simon Peter's journey from fisherman to apostle is central to the Gospel narrative, and this moment marks a pivotal point in his calling.

Do not be afraid
This phrase is a common biblical reassurance, often spoken by God or His messengers. The Greek "Μὴ φοβοῦ" (Me phobou) is an imperative, urging Simon to trust in Jesus' authority and plan. Fear is a natural human response, but Jesus' command encourages faith over fear, a recurring theme in Scripture. This assurance is foundational for the disciples as they embark on their mission.

from now on
This phrase marks a decisive turning point in Simon Peter's life. The Greek "ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν" (apo tou nun) indicates a new beginning or a change in direction. It signifies the start of a new mission and purpose, moving from a life of fishing to a life of evangelism. This transition is emblematic of the transformative power of Jesus' call.

you will catch men
The metaphor of "catching men" is a powerful image of evangelism. The Greek word "ζωγρέω" (zogreo) means to capture alive, suggesting a life-giving mission rather than one of destruction. This phrase redefines Simon's vocation, aligning it with the Great Commission. The imagery of fishing for people emphasizes the active and dynamic nature of discipleship, where the goal is to bring others into the kingdom of God. This calling is both a privilege and a responsibility, highlighting the eternal significance of their new mission.

And when they had brought their boats ashore
This phrase marks a pivotal moment of transition. The act of bringing the boats ashore signifies the end of a laborious night of fishing, which had been fruitless until Jesus intervened. The Greek word for "brought" (καταγαγόντες, katagagontes) implies a deliberate action, suggesting that the disciples were making a conscious decision to conclude their current endeavor. Historically, fishing was a primary occupation in Galilee, and the boats were essential tools of the trade. Bringing them ashore symbolizes a readiness to leave behind their old life and embrace a new calling.

they left everything
The phrase "left everything" is profound in its simplicity. The Greek word for "left" (ἀφέντες, aphentes) conveys a sense of abandonment or release. This act of leaving everything behind is a radical demonstration of faith and commitment. In the historical context, fishermen like Peter, James, and John depended on their boats and nets for their livelihood. By leaving everything, they were not just abandoning their possessions but also their security and identity. This act echoes the call to discipleship, where Jesus asks for total surrender and trust in His provision.

and followed Him
The phrase "followed Him" encapsulates the essence of discipleship. The Greek word for "followed" (ἠκολούθησαν, ēkolouthēsan) implies a continuous action, indicating that this was not a one-time decision but an ongoing commitment. To follow Jesus meant to walk in His footsteps, to learn from Him, and to participate in His mission. In the scriptural context, following a rabbi was a common practice, but following Jesus required a deeper level of devotion and sacrifice. This phrase challenges believers to consider what it truly means to follow Christ, emphasizing obedience, trust, and the willingness to forsake all for the sake of the Gospel.

While Jesus was in one of the towns
This phrase sets the scene for the narrative, indicating that Jesus was actively moving through towns, engaging with the people. The Greek word for "towns" (πόλεις, poleis) suggests a populated area, emphasizing Jesus' ministry among the people. Historically, towns were centers of social and economic life, and Jesus' presence in these areas highlights His mission to reach the common people in their everyday environments.

a man came along who was covered with leprosy
The phrase "covered with leprosy" indicates a severe case of the disease, which in biblical times was a term used for various skin conditions. The Greek word for leprosy (λέπρα, lepra) signifies a condition that rendered individuals ceremonially unclean, isolating them from society. This man's approach to Jesus demonstrates his desperation and faith, as lepers were typically required to keep their distance from others.

When he saw Jesus
The act of seeing Jesus is significant, as it implies recognition and hope. In the biblical context, seeing often symbolizes understanding or revelation. This man's sight of Jesus represents a moment of divine opportunity, where he perceives Jesus not just as a healer, but as the source of his potential restoration.

he fell facedown and begged Him
Falling facedown is an act of deep humility and reverence, often associated with worship or supplication in the Bible. The Greek word for "begged" (παρακαλέω, parakaleó) conveys a sense of earnest pleading or entreaty. This posture and plea reflect the man's acknowledgment of Jesus' authority and his own unworthiness, a common theme in encounters with the divine.

'Lord, if You are willing, You can make me clean.'
Addressing Jesus as "Lord" (Κύριε, Kyrie) is a recognition of His divine authority and power. The phrase "if You are willing" indicates the man's submission to Jesus' will, acknowledging that healing is not just about power but also about divine purpose. The request to "make me clean" goes beyond physical healing; it seeks restoration to community and religious life, as leprosy rendered one ceremonially unclean. This plea encapsulates faith in Jesus' ability to transform and restore, aligning with the broader biblical narrative of redemption and renewal.

Jesus reached out His hand
In this phrase, the action of Jesus reaching out His hand is significant. The Greek word for "reached out" is "ἐκτείνω" (ekteinō), which implies a deliberate and purposeful action. In the historical context, touching a leper was socially and religiously forbidden due to the impurity associated with leprosy. Jesus' willingness to extend His hand demonstrates His authority over the law and His compassion that transcends societal norms. This act symbolizes the divine initiative to bridge the gap between God and humanity, emphasizing the personal and intimate nature of Jesus' ministry.

and touched the man
The Greek word for "touched" is "ἅπτομαι" (haptomai), which means to fasten oneself to or adhere to. In the context of first-century Jewish culture, touching a leper would render a person ceremonially unclean. However, Jesus' touch signifies His power to purify and heal, rather than being defiled by the man's condition. This act of touching highlights the transformative power of Jesus' presence, where His holiness overcomes impurity, illustrating the new covenant where grace and mercy triumph over the law.

'I am willing,'
The phrase "I am willing" is translated from the Greek "θέλω" (thelō), which conveys a strong desire or intention. Jesus' declaration of willingness reflects His compassionate nature and readiness to heal those who come to Him in faith. This statement reassures believers of Jesus' constant willingness to intervene in their lives, offering healing and restoration. It underscores the accessibility of Jesus' grace and His eagerness to respond to human need.

He said, 'Be clean!'
The command "Be clean!" is derived from the Greek word "καθαρίζω" (katharizō), meaning to cleanse or purify. This imperative not only addresses the physical healing of the leper but also signifies spiritual cleansing. In the broader scriptural context, leprosy often symbolizes sin and separation from God. Jesus' command to be clean represents His authority to forgive sins and restore individuals to a right relationship with God. It is a powerful reminder of the comprehensive nature of Jesus' salvation, which encompasses both physical and spiritual wholeness.

And immediately the leprosy left him
The word "immediately" is translated from the Greek "εὐθέως" (eutheōs), indicating the instantaneous nature of the healing. This immediate healing demonstrates Jesus' divine power and authority over illness and affliction. The phrase "the leprosy left him" signifies a complete and miraculous transformation, emphasizing the totality of Jesus' healing power. Historically, leprosy was considered incurable, and its sudden departure underscores the supernatural intervention of God through Jesus. This miraculous event serves as a testament to Jesus' identity as the Messiah and His mission to bring about the kingdom of God through acts of compassion and power.

Do not tell anyone
In this phrase, Jesus instructs the healed leper to maintain silence about the miracle. The Greek word used here is "μηδενί" (medení), which translates to "no one" or "nobody." This command reflects Jesus' frequent desire to avoid unnecessary publicity that could hinder His mission or lead to misunderstandings about His messianic role. Historically, Jesus often sought to prevent the crowds from focusing solely on His miracles, which could overshadow His teachings about the Kingdom of God. This instruction also underscores the importance of humility and discretion in the Christian life, reminding believers that the focus should always be on God's glory rather than personal acclaim.

but go
The word "go" is translated from the Greek "ὑπάγω" (hypágō), which means to depart or to go away. This directive emphasizes action and obedience. Jesus is not merely healing the leper physically but is also guiding him towards spiritual and communal restoration. The command to "go" signifies a transition from isolation to reintegration, symbolizing the transformative power of Christ's healing.

show yourself to the priest
This phrase is rooted in the Levitical law found in Leviticus 14, where a cleansed leper was required to present himself to a priest for examination and ritual purification. The Greek word for "show" is "δείκνυμι" (deiknymi), meaning to exhibit or present. By instructing the man to show himself to the priest, Jesus is affirming the validity of the Mosaic Law and the importance of religious and communal protocols. This act serves as a testimony to the priesthood of the miraculous healing power of Jesus, bridging the old covenant with the new.

and present the offering
The term "offering" comes from the Greek "προσφορά" (prosphorá), which refers to a gift or sacrifice. In the context of Levitical law, this offering was a tangible expression of gratitude and obedience to God. It involved specific sacrifices, including birds and grain, symbolizing purification and thanksgiving. This requirement highlights the continuity between Jesus' ministry and the Jewish tradition, emphasizing that Jesus did not come to abolish the law but to fulfill it (Matthew 5:17).

Moses prescribed
The reference to Moses underscores the authority and continuity of the Mosaic Law. The Greek word "προστάσσω" (prostássō) means to command or prescribe. By adhering to the prescriptions given by Moses, Jesus demonstrates respect for the law and its role in guiding the spiritual and communal life of the Jewish people. This acknowledgment of Mosaic authority serves as a bridge between the Old and New Testaments, showing that Jesus' ministry is the fulfillment of the law and the prophets.

as a testimony to them
The word "testimony" is translated from the Greek "μαρτύριον" (martýrion), which means evidence or witness. This phrase indicates that the healed leper's actions would serve as a witness to the priests and the community of the power and authority of Jesus. It is a call to bear witness to God's work in one's life, encouraging believers to live in a way that reflects the transformative power of Christ. This testimony is not just for the individual but for the broader community, pointing others to the reality of God's kingdom and the fulfillment of His promises.

But the news about Jesus
The phrase "the news about Jesus" refers to the growing reputation of Jesus as a teacher and healer. The Greek word for "news" here is "logos," which can also mean "word" or "message." This indicates that the message of Jesus' teachings and miraculous works was spreading rapidly. Historically, this reflects the oral culture of the time, where news was primarily spread by word of mouth. The impact of Jesus' ministry was so profound that it transcended the limitations of communication in the ancient world.

spread all the more
The Greek word for "spread" is "diapherō," which means to carry through or to spread widely. This suggests an unstoppable momentum in the dissemination of Jesus' fame. The phrase "all the more" emphasizes the increasing intensity and reach of this spread. In a historical context, this reflects the growing anticipation and hope among the Jewish people for a Messiah who would bring healing and deliverance.

and great crowds came
The term "great crowds" is translated from the Greek "ochloi polloi," indicating not just a large number of people, but a diverse multitude. This highlights the widespread appeal of Jesus' ministry across different social and economic backgrounds. Archaeological findings of the time show that Galilee was a densely populated area, which would have contributed to the large gatherings around Jesus.

to hear Him
The act of coming "to hear Him" underscores the authority and wisdom with which Jesus spoke. The Greek word "akouō" for "hear" implies not just listening, but understanding and internalizing the message. This reflects the Jewish tradition of valuing oral teaching and the authority of a rabbi. Scripturally, this aligns with the prophetic expectation of a teacher who would speak with divine authority.

and to be healed
The phrase "to be healed" comes from the Greek "therapeuō," which means to serve or to cure. This indicates that Jesus' healing was both a physical restoration and a service to the people, fulfilling the messianic prophecies of bringing wholeness. Historically, this reflects the limited medical knowledge of the time, making Jesus' healing acts even more miraculous and significant.

of their sicknesses
The word "sicknesses" is translated from the Greek "astheneia," meaning weaknesses or infirmities. This encompasses not only physical ailments but also spiritual and emotional weaknesses. In a scriptural context, this highlights Jesus' role as the Great Physician, who addresses the holistic needs of humanity. Theologically, it points to the redemptive power of Jesus' ministry, offering a foretaste of the ultimate healing and restoration in the Kingdom of God.

Yet He frequently withdrew
The phrase "Yet He frequently withdrew" indicates a habitual action of Jesus. The Greek word for "withdrew" is "ὑποχωρέω" (hypochōreō), which means to retreat or go back. This suggests a deliberate and repeated action by Jesus, emphasizing the importance He placed on solitude and reflection. In the context of His ministry, which was often bustling with crowds and demands, this withdrawal signifies a conscious choice to seek solitude. Historically, this practice of retreating for prayer was common among Jewish teachers and prophets, who often sought the wilderness as a place of divine encounter and reflection.

to the wilderness
The "wilderness" in the biblical context often refers to a desolate or uninhabited area. The Greek word used here is "ἔρημος" (erēmos), which can mean a solitary, lonely, or uninhabited place. The wilderness holds significant biblical symbolism, often representing a place of testing, revelation, and divine encounter. For instance, the Israelites wandered in the wilderness for 40 years, and it was in the wilderness that John the Baptist preached. Jesus' choice of the wilderness underscores His desire to be away from distractions, in a place where He could focus solely on communion with God. This setting also reflects the humility and simplicity of Jesus' approach to prayer and spiritual discipline.

to pray
The act of prayer is central to this verse. The Greek word for "pray" is "προσεύχομαι" (proseuchomai), which means to offer prayers or to worship. Prayer, in the life of Jesus, was not merely a ritual but a vital connection with the Father. It was through prayer that Jesus sought guidance, strength, and communion with God. This practice highlights the importance of prayer in the Christian life, serving as a model for believers to prioritize communication with God amidst life's demands. Historically, prayer was a cornerstone of Jewish religious life, and Jesus' dedication to prayer reflects His deep commitment to His relationship with the Father, setting an example for His followers to emulate.

One day
The phrase "One day" sets the scene for a specific event in the ministry of Jesus. It indicates a particular moment in time, emphasizing the historical reality of Jesus' life and work. This phrase invites readers to consider the significance of each day in Jesus' ministry, as each was filled with purpose and divine appointments. In the Greek, the word "ἡμέρα" (hēmera) is used, which can denote a literal day or a period of time, underscoring the importance of this specific occasion in the narrative.

as He was teaching
This phrase highlights Jesus' role as a teacher, a central aspect of His earthly ministry. The Greek word "διδάσκων" (didaskōn) is used here, which means to instruct or impart knowledge. Jesus' teaching was authoritative and transformative, drawing large crowds and challenging the religious norms of the day. His teachings were rooted in the Hebrew Scriptures, yet they brought new understanding and fulfillment of God's promises.

Pharisees and teachers of the law
The presence of "Pharisees and teachers of the law" indicates the religious leaders who were often skeptical of Jesus' ministry. The Pharisees were a Jewish sect known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and oral traditions. The "teachers of the law," or "νομοδιδάσκαλοι" (nomodidaskaloi) in Greek, were experts in the Mosaic Law. Their presence suggests a setting of scrutiny and examination, as they often sought to challenge Jesus' authority and teachings.

were sitting there
The phrase "were sitting there" suggests a posture of listening and observation. In the cultural context, sitting was a common position for learning and teaching. This detail implies that the Pharisees and teachers were present to evaluate Jesus' words and actions, possibly with a critical eye. It also reflects the customary practice of disciples sitting at the feet of a rabbi to learn.

who had come from every village of Galilee and Judea and Jerusalem
This phrase emphasizes the widespread interest in Jesus' ministry. People from "every village of Galilee and Judea and Jerusalem" indicates a diverse audience, representing various regions of Israel. This widespread gathering underscores the impact of Jesus' reputation and the anticipation surrounding His teachings and miracles. It also highlights the geographical spread of His influence, reaching from rural areas to the religious center of Jerusalem.

And the power of the Lord was present to heal the sick
The phrase "And the power of the Lord was present to heal the sick" reveals the divine authority and presence accompanying Jesus. The Greek word for "power" is "δύναμις" (dynamis), which denotes miraculous power or ability. This power is attributed to "the Lord," indicating divine endorsement and the fulfillment of messianic prophecies. The presence of this power to heal signifies God's compassion and the breaking in of His kingdom through Jesus' ministry, offering hope and restoration to those in need.

Just then
This phrase indicates a specific moment in time, suggesting urgency and divine timing. In the Greek, the word used is "καὶ ἰδοὺ" (kai idou), which can be translated as "and behold" or "just then." It emphasizes the immediacy and importance of the event about to unfold. This moment is divinely orchestrated, highlighting God's perfect timing in the lives of those who seek Him.

some men
The Greek term here is "ἄνδρες" (andres), meaning "men." These individuals are unnamed, emphasizing that their identity is less important than their faith and actions. They represent the community of believers who support one another in faith, demonstrating the power of collective action and intercession.

came carrying
The Greek word "φέρω" (pherō) means "to carry" or "to bear." This action signifies the burden these men willingly take upon themselves to help their friend. It is a powerful image of Christian service and love, where believers are called to bear one another's burdens, as instructed in Galatians 6:2.

a paralyzed man
The Greek term "παραλελυμένος" (paralelymenos) refers to someone who is physically incapacitated. This man's condition symbolizes spiritual paralysis, representing those who are unable to come to Jesus on their own due to sin or spiritual weakness. His physical state is a metaphor for the spiritual healing and restoration that Jesus offers.

on a mat
The "κράββατος" (krabbatos) is a simple bed or mat, often used by the poor or infirm. This humble object underscores the man's helplessness and dependence on others. It also serves as a reminder of the humility required to approach Jesus, acknowledging our own limitations and need for His grace.

They tried to bring him inside
The effort to bring the man to Jesus reflects determination and faith. The Greek word "ζητέω" (zēteō) implies seeking or striving, indicating the men's persistent effort despite obstacles. This determination is a testament to their belief in Jesus' power to heal and transform lives.

to set him before Jesus
The phrase "ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ" (emprosthen tou Iēsou) means "before Jesus." This act of placing the man directly in front of Jesus signifies submission and faith. It is an act of worship and trust, acknowledging Jesus as the ultimate healer and source of life. The men's faith is rewarded by Jesus' response, illustrating the transformative power of coming into His presence with faith and expectation.

But finding no way to bring him in because of the crowd
This phrase highlights the determination and faith of the friends of the paralytic man. The Greek word for "crowd" (ὄχλος, ochlos) often refers to a large, pressing group of people, indicating the popularity and draw of Jesus' ministry at this time. The friends' inability to access Jesus through conventional means underscores the barriers that often exist in seeking divine intervention, yet their persistence is a testament to their belief in Jesus' power to heal.

they went up on the roof
In the historical context of first-century Palestine, houses typically had flat roofs made of beams covered with branches and clay. The act of going up on the roof demonstrates both ingenuity and desperation. It reflects a cultural understanding of communal living spaces where roofs were accessible and sometimes used for various activities. This action symbolizes the lengths to which believers must sometimes go to reach Jesus, overcoming physical and societal obstacles.

and lowered him on his mat
The "mat" (κράββατος, krabbatos) was a simple pallet or bed used by the poor and infirm. This detail emphasizes the man's helplessness and dependence on others, both physically and spiritually. The act of lowering him through the roof is a vivid illustration of faith in action, where the friends' belief in Jesus' healing power is manifested through their creative and bold efforts.

through the tiles
The mention of "tiles" (κεράμιον, keramion) suggests a more permanent and possibly wealthier structure, as tiles were not common in all homes. This detail may indicate the setting was in a more urban area, possibly Capernaum, where Jesus often taught. The removal of tiles signifies a breaking through barriers, both literal and metaphorical, to access Jesus' presence.

into the middle of the crowd
This phrase places the paralytic man at the center of attention, highlighting the urgency and immediacy of his need. The "middle" (μέσος, mesos) signifies not only a physical location but also the centrality of faith in the narrative. It underscores the idea that faith often requires boldness and a willingness to be vulnerable before others.

right in front of Jesus
The positioning "right in front of Jesus" (ἔμπροσθεν, emprosthen) is significant, as it places the man directly in the presence of the one who has the power to heal. This phrase emphasizes the importance of being in the presence of Christ for transformation and healing. It serves as a reminder that faith brings us directly before Jesus, where our needs are met and our lives are changed.

When Jesus saw
The phrase "When Jesus saw" indicates the perceptive and discerning nature of Jesus. In the Greek, the word for "saw" is "ἰδών" (idón), which implies more than just physical sight; it suggests an understanding or insight. Jesus, being fully divine, perceives not only the physical actions but also the intentions and faith behind them. This highlights His omniscience and His ability to see into the hearts of men, a recurring theme throughout the Gospels.

their faith
The term "faith" here is translated from the Greek word "πίστιν" (pistin), which denotes trust, belief, or confidence. The faith referred to is not just of the paralytic man but also of those who brought him to Jesus. This collective faith is significant because it demonstrates the power of communal belief and action. In the historical context, faith was often demonstrated through actions, and the friends' determination to bring the paralytic to Jesus, even through unconventional means, exemplifies this active faith.

He said
The phrase "He said" underscores the authority of Jesus' words. In the biblical context, the spoken word of Jesus carries divine power and authority. The Greek word "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used, which is a simple past tense, indicating a definitive and authoritative statement. This reflects the power of Jesus' words to effect change, heal, and forgive.

Friend
The word "Friend" is translated from the Greek "Ἄνθρωπε" (Anthrope), which can also mean "man" or "human." However, in this context, it is a term of endearment and compassion. Jesus addresses the paralytic with kindness and acceptance, emphasizing His role as a compassionate Savior who seeks a personal relationship with individuals. This term reflects the inclusive nature of Jesus' ministry, reaching out to all, regardless of their social or physical condition.

your sins are forgiven
This phrase is central to the verse and the narrative. The Greek word for "forgiven" is "ἀφέωνται" (apheōntai), which means to send away or to let go. In the Jewish context, sin was often seen as a barrier between humanity and God, and forgiveness was a divine prerogative. By declaring the man's sins forgiven, Jesus asserts His divine authority, which was a radical claim that challenged the religious leaders of the time. This statement also highlights the priority of spiritual healing over physical healing, emphasizing that reconciliation with God is of utmost importance. Jesus' ability to forgive sins is a testament to His identity as the Son of God and the Savior of the world.

But the scribes and Pharisees
The scribes and Pharisees were religious leaders and scholars of Jewish law during the time of Jesus. They were known for their strict adherence to the Torah and their influential role in Jewish society. Historically, the Pharisees were a sect that emphasized purity laws and oral traditions, while the scribes were experts in the Mosaic Law. Their presence in this narrative highlights the tension between Jesus' teachings and the established religious order. The Greek term for "scribes" (γραμματεῖς, grammateis) indicates their role as learned men, often involved in copying and interpreting the Scriptures.

began thinking to themselves
This phrase indicates an internal dialogue or reasoning among the scribes and Pharisees. The Greek word used here, διαλογίζομαι (dialogizomai), suggests a process of deliberation or debate. It reflects their skepticism and the beginning of their opposition to Jesus' ministry. This internal questioning is significant as it reveals their inability to comprehend the divine authority of Jesus, which is a recurring theme in the Gospels.

Who is this man who speaks blasphemy?
The accusation of blasphemy is serious, as it involves showing disrespect or irreverence toward God. In the Jewish context, blasphemy was punishable by death according to Levitical law (Leviticus 24:16). The Greek word for blasphemy, βλασφημία (blasphēmia), conveys the idea of slander or defamation against the divine. The scribes and Pharisees perceived Jesus' claim to forgive sins as an affront to God's unique authority, not recognizing His divine nature.

Who can forgive sins but God alone?
This rhetorical question underscores a fundamental theological truth recognized by the Jewish leaders: only God has the authority to forgive sins. The Greek word for "forgive," ἀφίημι (aphiēmi), means to send away or release, indicating the complete removal of sin. The scribes and Pharisees correctly understood that forgiveness is a divine prerogative, yet they failed to see that Jesus, as the Son of God, possessed this authority. This moment foreshadows the revelation of Jesus' divine identity and mission to bring reconciliation between God and humanity.

Knowing what they were thinking
This phrase highlights the omniscience of Jesus, a key attribute of His divine nature. The Greek word used here is "ἐπιγνοὺς" (epignous), which means to know fully or to perceive. This indicates that Jesus had a profound understanding of the thoughts and intentions of those around Him. In a historical context, this ability to discern thoughts would have been seen as a divine attribute, affirming His identity as the Son of God. It serves as a reminder that nothing is hidden from God, and He understands our innermost thoughts and struggles.

Jesus replied
The act of replying signifies Jesus' willingness to engage with those around Him, even when faced with skepticism or disbelief. The Greek word "ἀποκριθεὶς" (apokritheis) implies a response that is thoughtful and intentional. Jesus' reply is not just a reaction but a deliberate engagement with the hearts of the people. This reflects His role as a teacher and a guide, always ready to address doubts and lead people towards truth.

Why do you question this
Here, Jesus challenges the doubts and skepticism of His audience. The Greek word "διαλογίζεσθε" (dialogizesthe) is used, which means to reason or debate internally. This questioning is not just a surface-level doubt but a deeper, internal struggle with belief. Jesus' question is both a challenge and an invitation to examine the reasons behind their skepticism. It encourages believers to confront their doubts and seek understanding through faith.

in your hearts
The heart, in biblical terms, is often seen as the center of thought, emotion, and will. The Greek word "καρδίαις" (kardiais) is used here, emphasizing that the questioning is not just intellectual but deeply personal and emotional. In the historical and scriptural context, the heart is where true belief and unbelief reside. Jesus' focus on the heart underscores the importance of sincerity and authenticity in faith. It is a call to align one's inner convictions with the truth of His teachings.

Which is easier
This phrase introduces a rhetorical question posed by Jesus, challenging the religious leaders' understanding of divine authority. In the Greek, "easier" (εὐκοπώτερον, eukopōteron) implies a comparison of effort or possibility. Jesus is highlighting the perceived simplicity of verbal declarations versus the visible act of healing. This question invites the audience to consider the nature of divine power and authority, emphasizing that both forgiveness and healing are within Jesus' divine capability.

to say
The act of speaking in this context is significant. In the ancient world, words held power, and the authority to declare something was not taken lightly. The Greek word "λέγειν" (legein) underscores the performative nature of speech acts, where saying something could bring about a change in reality. Jesus' words are not mere utterances but carry the authority of God Himself.

‘Your sins are forgiven you,’
This phrase is central to the theological debate of the passage. The Greek word for "forgiven" (ἀφέωνται, apheōntai) implies a release or dismissal of sins, a concept deeply rooted in Jewish sacrificial practices where sins were atoned for and removed. By declaring forgiveness, Jesus asserts His divine authority, challenging the religious leaders' understanding of who can forgive sins. This statement also reflects the Messianic prophecy of bringing spiritual restoration.

or to say
This repetition emphasizes the comparison between two divine acts. The conjunction "or" (ἤ, ē) presents a choice, highlighting the equivalence in divine authority required for both forgiveness and healing. It underscores the unity of Jesus' mission to address both spiritual and physical needs.

‘Get up and walk’
This command demonstrates Jesus' authority over physical ailments. The Greek word for "get up" (ἔγειρε, egeire) is often used in resurrection contexts, symbolizing new life and restoration. "Walk" (περιπάτει, peripatei) signifies not just physical movement but a return to normal life and community participation. This phrase illustrates the tangible evidence of Jesus' power, serving as a visible sign of His authority to forgive sins.

But so that you may know
This phrase introduces the purpose of Jesus' forthcoming action. The Greek word for "know" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies a deep, experiential understanding. Jesus is not merely imparting information; He is inviting the witnesses to a transformative realization of His divine authority. This knowledge is meant to transcend intellectual assent and penetrate the heart, leading to faith.

the Son of Man
This title, "ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου" (ho huios tou anthrōpou), is deeply rooted in Jewish eschatological expectations, particularly from Daniel 7:13-14, where the "Son of Man" is a heavenly figure endowed with everlasting dominion. Jesus uses this title to emphasize both His humanity and His divine authority, bridging the gap between heaven and earth. It is a self-designation that reveals His mission and identity as the Messiah.

has authority on earth
The Greek word for "authority" is "ἐξουσία" (exousia), which denotes power, jurisdiction, and the right to act. This authority is not limited to the spiritual realm but extends to the physical world, as evidenced by Jesus' miracles. The phrase "on earth" underscores the tangible, present reality of His power, challenging the prevailing religious authorities and affirming His divine mandate.

to forgive sins
Forgiveness of sins is a divine prerogative, as seen in passages like Isaiah 43:25. By claiming this authority, Jesus is asserting His divinity and His role in the new covenant. The Greek word "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi) means to release or send away, indicating the complete removal of sin's burden. This act of forgiveness is central to Jesus' mission, offering reconciliation with God and liberation from sin's bondage.

He said to the paralyzed man
Jesus' direct address to the paralyzed man is both personal and authoritative. It demonstrates His compassion and willingness to engage with individuals in their suffering. The physical healing that follows is a visible sign of the spiritual healing that Jesus offers, illustrating the holistic nature of His ministry.

I tell you, get up
The command "get up" (Greek: "ἐγείρω" - egeirō) is a call to action and transformation. It signifies a transition from a state of helplessness to one of empowerment. This command mirrors the spiritual awakening that Jesus brings, calling individuals to rise from spiritual paralysis into new life.

pick up your mat
The instruction to "pick up your mat" serves as a tangible demonstration of the man's healing. The mat, once a symbol of his infirmity, becomes a testimony to Jesus' power. This act of carrying the mat is a public witness to the miracle, encouraging others to recognize and respond to Jesus' authority.

and go home
The phrase "go home" (Greek: "πορεύου εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου" - poreuou eis ton oikon sou) signifies a return to normalcy and community. It highlights the restoration not only of physical health but also of social and familial relationships. This holistic restoration is a foretaste of the ultimate reconciliation and peace that Jesus offers to all who believe in Him.

Immediately
The word "immediately" in this context underscores the instantaneous nature of the miracle performed by Jesus. In the Greek, the word used is "παραχρῆμα" (parachrēma), which conveys a sense of urgency and promptness. This immediate response highlights the divine authority and power of Jesus, as well as the completeness of the healing. In a broader theological context, it reflects the transformative power of faith and the immediacy with which God can act in our lives when we are open to His intervention.

he rose up
The phrase "he rose up" signifies the physical act of the paralyzed man standing, an action that was previously impossible for him. The Greek verb "ἀναστὰς" (anastas) is often used in the New Testament to describe resurrection or rising, which can symbolize new life or a new beginning. This act of rising is not just a physical healing but also a metaphor for spiritual awakening and renewal. It serves as a powerful testament to the life-changing power of Jesus' ministry.

before them
"Before them" indicates that the healing was witnessed by those present, including the scribes, Pharisees, and the crowd. This public nature of the miracle serves to authenticate Jesus' authority and divine mission. It also challenges the skepticism of the religious leaders and provides a tangible demonstration of God's power and compassion. The public aspect of the miracle invites all witnesses to reflect on their own faith and understanding of Jesus' identity.

took up what he had been lying on
The act of taking up his mat, "took up what he had been lying on," is significant both practically and symbolically. Practically, it demonstrates the completeness of the healing; the man is not only able to stand but also to carry his own bed. Symbolically, it represents leaving behind his old life of paralysis and dependency. The Greek word "κράββατος" (krabbatos) refers to a pallet or mat, often used by the poor or infirm. By carrying his mat, the man publicly testifies to the miracle and his new life in Christ.

and went home
The phrase "and went home" signifies a return to normalcy and community. In the cultural context of the time, home was a place of family, belonging, and identity. The man's return home symbolizes restoration not only of his physical health but also of his social and familial relationships. It reflects the holistic nature of Jesus' healing, which encompasses body, mind, and spirit. This return also serves as a witness to his family and community of the transformative power of Jesus.

glorifying God
"Glorifying God" is the natural response to the miracle, emphasizing the ultimate purpose of Jesus' works: to bring glory to God. The Greek word "δοξάζων" (doxazōn) means to praise, honor, or magnify. This act of glorification is both a personal expression of gratitude and a public declaration of God's power and goodness. It serves as a model for believers, reminding us that our lives and testimonies should always point back to God, acknowledging His sovereignty and grace.

Everyone was taken with amazement
The phrase "Everyone was taken with amazement" captures the collective reaction of the crowd witnessing Jesus' miraculous healing of the paralytic. The Greek word for "amazement" is "ἔκστασις" (ekstasis), which implies a state of being astonished or overwhelmed beyond normal comprehension. This word suggests a profound, almost ecstatic reaction, indicating that the event was not just surprising but deeply moving and transformative. Historically, such reactions were common in the presence of divine acts, reflecting the human recognition of God's power breaking into the ordinary world.

and glorified God
The act of glorifying God is a central theme in the Gospels, where the Greek word "δοξάζω" (doxazō) is used. It means to honor, praise, or magnify. In the context of this verse, the crowd's glorification of God signifies their acknowledgment of His supreme authority and benevolence. This response is consistent with the Jewish tradition of giving glory to God for His mighty works, as seen throughout the Old Testament. It underscores the belief that miracles are not just acts of compassion but also revelations of God's glory and presence among His people.

They were filled with awe
The phrase "filled with awe" uses the Greek word "φόβος" (phobos), which can mean fear, reverence, or awe. In this context, it conveys a deep respect and wonder at the divine power displayed by Jesus. This awe is not merely fear but a recognition of the holy and the miraculous, a common reaction in biblical narratives when humans encounter the divine. It reflects a moment of spiritual awakening and realization of God's active role in the world.

and said, 'We have seen remarkable things today.'
The declaration "We have seen remarkable things today" uses the Greek word "παράδοξος" (paradoxos), meaning extraordinary or beyond expectation. This statement encapsulates the crowd's realization that they have witnessed something beyond the natural order, a divine intervention that defies human understanding. The use of "today" emphasizes the immediacy and impact of the miracle, marking it as a significant event in their lives. This acknowledgment serves as a testament to Jesus' authority and the breaking in of God's kingdom through His works, encouraging believers to recognize and testify to God's ongoing miracles in their own lives.

After this
This phrase indicates a sequence of events, suggesting that what follows is directly connected to what has just occurred. In the context of Luke 5, Jesus has been performing miracles and teaching, establishing His authority and divine mission. The phrase "After this" serves as a narrative bridge, linking the miraculous catch of fish and the healing of the leper to the calling of Levi, demonstrating the continuous unfolding of Jesus' ministry.

Jesus went out
The act of Jesus going out signifies His active engagement with the world. It reflects His mission to seek and save the lost, as He does not remain isolated but moves among the people. This movement is symbolic of the incarnation itself, where God steps into human history. The Greek verb "ἐξῆλθεν" (exēlthen) implies a purposeful departure, emphasizing Jesus' intentionality in His ministry.

and saw
The verb "saw" (Greek: εἶδεν, eiden) is more than a mere glance; it implies a deep, discerning look. Jesus' seeing is often associated with understanding and compassion. In the Gospels, when Jesus sees someone, it often leads to an act of mercy or a call to discipleship. This seeing is both physical and spiritual, indicating Jesus' awareness of Levi's potential and need for transformation.

a tax collector
Tax collectors, or "τελώνης" (telōnēs) in Greek, were often despised in Jewish society for their role in collecting taxes for the Roman occupiers and their reputation for corruption. They were seen as traitors and sinners. By focusing on a tax collector, the narrative highlights Jesus' radical grace and willingness to reach out to those marginalized and rejected by society.

named Levi
Levi, also known as Matthew, is identified by name, which personalizes the encounter. The name Levi may suggest a connection to the Levitical priesthood, which is ironic given his occupation. This highlights the transformative power of Jesus' call, as Levi is invited to leave behind his old life and embrace a new identity in Christ.

sitting at the tax booth
The tax booth represents Levi's occupation and the center of his life before meeting Jesus. It is a place of business, but also of isolation and scorn from his fellow Jews. The image of Levi sitting there underscores his entrenchment in a life that is about to be radically changed by Jesus' invitation.

“Follow Me,”
This command, "Follow Me" (Greek: Ἀκολούθει μοι, Akolouthei moi), is a call to discipleship. It is an invitation to leave behind one's former life and to embark on a journey of faith and transformation. The imperative form indicates urgency and authority, reflecting Jesus' role as a teacher and leader. This call is central to the Christian life, emphasizing obedience, trust, and the willingness to be led by Christ.

Jesus said to him
The direct address from Jesus to Levi highlights the personal nature of the call. Jesus speaks directly to Levi, indicating that His call is intentional and specific. This personal invitation underscores the relational aspect of discipleship, where Jesus knows and calls each person by name.

and Levi
The name "Levi" is significant as it connects to the Levitical priesthood, a tribe set apart for religious duties in Israel. Levi, also known as Matthew, was a tax collector, a profession despised by the Jews for its association with Roman oppression and corruption. His calling by Jesus signifies the inclusivity of Christ's message, reaching even those considered outcasts. This highlights the transformative power of Jesus' call, breaking societal barriers and extending grace to all.

got up
The Greek word used here is "anastas," which implies a decisive action, a rising up with purpose. This action symbolizes a spiritual awakening and readiness to embrace a new life. Levi's immediate response to Jesus' call reflects the urgency and importance of responding to divine invitations. It serves as an inspiration for believers to rise from their past and embrace the new life offered in Christ.

left everything
This phrase underscores the totality of Levi's commitment. The Greek word "kataleipō" means to leave behind or forsake. Levi's willingness to abandon his lucrative position as a tax collector demonstrates the cost of discipleship. It challenges believers to consider what they might need to leave behind to fully follow Christ. Historically, tax collectors were wealthy, so this act of leaving everything signifies a profound sacrifice and prioritization of spiritual wealth over material gain.

and followed Him
The Greek word "akoloutheō" means to accompany or to be a disciple. This phrase encapsulates the essence of discipleship—walking in the footsteps of Jesus, learning from Him, and aligning one's life with His teachings. Levi's following of Jesus is not just physical but represents a complete transformation of life purpose and direction. It is a call to all believers to actively pursue a relationship with Christ, embodying His teachings in daily life.

Then Levi
The name "Levi" is significant, as it connects to the Levitical priesthood, suggesting a heritage of religious service. Levi, also known as Matthew, was a tax collector, a profession despised by the Jews for its association with Roman oppression and corruption. His calling by Jesus signifies the transformative power of Christ's invitation, breaking societal barriers and extending grace to the marginalized.

hosted a great banquet
The act of hosting a banquet is a gesture of hospitality and celebration. In the cultural context of the time, sharing a meal was a sign of fellowship and acceptance. Levi's decision to host a "great banquet" indicates his joy and gratitude for his new life in Christ. It also reflects the abundance of God's grace, as Levi uses his resources to honor Jesus and share this transformative experience with others.

for Jesus
This phrase underscores the centrality of Christ in the event. Levi's banquet is not merely a social gathering but an act of worship and acknowledgment of Jesus' authority and grace. It highlights the personal relationship between Levi and Jesus, emphasizing that true transformation leads to actions that honor and glorify Christ.

at his house
The setting of the banquet in Levi's house is significant. It represents a personal and intimate space, suggesting that the transformation Jesus brings affects every aspect of one's life, including the home. It also symbolizes the inclusivity of the Gospel, as Jesus enters the homes and lives of those considered outcasts by society.

and a large crowd of tax collectors and others
The presence of "a large crowd of tax collectors and others" illustrates the reach of Jesus' ministry. Tax collectors were often ostracized, yet here they are drawn to Jesus, indicating His appeal to those on the fringes of society. The "others" likely include various individuals who, like Levi, are seeking hope and redemption. This gathering foreshadows the diverse community that the Church would become, united by faith in Christ.

were eating with them
The act of eating together is a powerful symbol of acceptance and community. In the Jewish culture, sharing a meal signified a bond of peace and fellowship. Jesus' willingness to eat with tax collectors and sinners demonstrates His mission to seek and save the lost, breaking down social and religious barriers. It is a profound illustration of the Kingdom of God, where all are invited to the table of grace.

But the Pharisees and their scribes
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism during the time of Jesus, known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the oral traditions. The term "Pharisees" comes from the Hebrew root "parash," meaning "to separate," indicating their commitment to living a life set apart from what they considered impure. The scribes were experts in the Law, often associated with the Pharisees, responsible for copying and interpreting the Scriptures. Historically, these groups held significant influence over Jewish religious life and were often seen as the gatekeepers of religious orthodoxy. Their presence in this verse highlights the tension between Jesus' ministry and the established religious order.

grumbled
The Greek word used here is "γογγύζω" (gongyzō), which conveys a sense of murmuring or complaining in a low tone. This word is often used in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament, to describe the Israelites' complaints against God during their wilderness journey. The use of this term suggests a deep-seated dissatisfaction and resistance to Jesus' actions, reflecting a hardened heart and a reluctance to accept the new covenant He was introducing.

at His disciples
The disciples were the followers of Jesus, chosen to learn from Him and carry on His teachings. In this context, they were seen as representatives of Jesus' ministry. The Pharisees' grumbling directed at the disciples indicates their disapproval not only of the disciples' actions but also of Jesus' teachings and the new way of life He was advocating. This highlights the growing opposition Jesus faced from the religious leaders of His time.

'Why do you eat and drink
Eating and drinking in the ancient Near Eastern culture were acts of fellowship and acceptance. Sharing a meal was a sign of friendship and social acceptance. The Pharisees' question reveals their shock and disapproval of Jesus' willingness to associate with those they deemed unworthy. In their view, eating and drinking with sinners was a violation of the purity laws and a compromise of religious integrity.

with tax collectors and sinners?'
Tax collectors were despised in Jewish society because they worked for the Roman occupiers and were often seen as traitors and extortionists. "Sinners" refers to those who did not adhere to the Pharisaic interpretation of the Law, often marginalized and ostracized by the religious elite. Jesus' association with these groups was revolutionary, demonstrating His mission to seek and save the lost, as He later states in Luke 19:10. This phrase underscores the radical inclusivity of Jesus' ministry, challenging the societal norms and religious exclusivity of His time. It serves as a powerful reminder of the grace and mercy extended to all, regardless of social or moral standing.

Jesus answered
The phrase "Jesus answered" indicates a direct response from Christ, showcasing His role as a teacher and authority. In the Greek, "ἀποκριθεὶς" (apokritheis) is used, which implies a thoughtful and deliberate response. This highlights Jesus' wisdom and His ability to address the concerns and criticisms of the Pharisees with clarity and purpose. His answers often reveal deeper spiritual truths, inviting listeners to reflect on their own understanding and beliefs.

It is not the healthy
The term "healthy" in Greek is "ὑγιαίνοντες" (hygiainontes), which refers to those who are physically well or sound. In a spiritual context, it represents those who perceive themselves as righteous or without need of spiritual healing. Jesus uses this term to challenge the self-righteousness of the Pharisees, who believed they were spiritually "healthy" and thus did not recognize their own need for repentance and transformation.

who need a doctor
The word "doctor" in Greek is "ἰατρός" (iatros), meaning a healer or physician. This metaphorical use of "doctor" emphasizes Jesus' role as the Great Physician, who comes to heal not just physical ailments but the deeper spiritual sickness of sin. The imagery of a doctor is powerful, as it conveys the necessity of seeking help and the humility required to admit one's need for healing.

but the sick
The term "sick" in Greek is "κακῶς ἔχοντες" (kakōs echontes), which literally means those who are ill or in a bad condition. This phrase underscores the reality of human brokenness and the universal need for redemption. Jesus' mission is to reach out to those who are aware of their spiritual sickness, offering them hope and restoration. The "sick" are those who recognize their need for a Savior, contrasting with the self-sufficient attitude of the Pharisees.

I have not come
This phrase signifies the intentionality and purpose of Jesus' mission. The Greek word for "come" is "ἔρχομαι" (erchomai), which implies an arrival with a specific purpose. Jesus' coming was not accidental or without direction; it was a deliberate act of divine intervention in human history. This phrase sets the stage for understanding the mission of Christ as one that is divinely orchestrated and purposeful.

to call
The Greek word used here is "καλέω" (kaleō), which means to invite or summon. This is not a mere casual invitation but a powerful, authoritative call that demands a response. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this call is an invitation to repentance and transformation. It is a call that transcends social and religious boundaries, reaching out to all who are willing to listen and respond.

the righteous
The term "righteous" in Greek is "δίκαιος" (dikaios), which refers to those who are just or virtuous according to the law. In the context of first-century Judaism, the "righteous" were often seen as those who adhered strictly to the Mosaic Law. However, Jesus challenges this notion by implying that self-perceived righteousness is not the criterion for His call. This phrase serves as a critique of those who rely on their own perceived moral superiority rather than recognizing their need for divine grace.

but sinners
The Greek word for "sinners" is "ἁμαρτωλός" (hamartōlos), which denotes those who have missed the mark or fallen short of God's standards. In the cultural and religious context of the time, sinners were often marginalized and ostracized. Jesus' mission to call sinners highlights His radical approach to inclusivity and grace. It underscores the transformative power of His message, which offers hope and redemption to those who are often deemed unworthy by societal standards.

to repentance
The word "repentance" is translated from the Greek "μετάνοια" (metanoia), which means a change of mind or a turning away from sin. This is not merely an emotional response but a profound transformation of one's entire being. Repentance involves a conscious decision to turn away from sin and towards God, embracing a new way of life. In the context of Jesus' ministry, repentance is the gateway to experiencing the fullness of God's kingdom and the abundant life He offers. This phrase encapsulates the heart of Jesus' message: a call to transformation and renewal through the power of God's grace.

Then they said to Him
This phrase introduces a dialogue between Jesus and the Pharisees or scribes. The "they" refers to religious leaders who often questioned Jesus' practices. In the context of first-century Judea, these leaders were deeply concerned with adherence to the Law and traditions. Their questioning of Jesus reflects a broader tension between Jesus' new covenant and the old traditions. The Greek word for "said" (εἶπαν) indicates a formal or authoritative questioning, suggesting that the religious leaders were challenging Jesus' authority and practices.

John’s disciples
This refers to the followers of John the Baptist, who was known for his ascetic lifestyle and call to repentance. John’s disciples were characterized by their commitment to fasting and prayer, reflecting John's message of preparation for the coming Messiah. Historically, John the Baptist was a significant prophetic figure who prepared the way for Jesus, and his disciples were known for their devout practices. The mention of John's disciples highlights the contrast between their practices and those of Jesus' disciples.

and those of the Pharisees
The Pharisees were a prominent Jewish sect known for their strict observance of the Law and traditions. They were highly respected for their piety and dedication to the Torah. The Pharisees' practices, including fasting, were seen as expressions of devotion and righteousness. This phrase underscores the religious expectations of the time and sets the stage for the contrast with Jesus' approach to spiritual practices.

frequently fast and pray
Fasting and prayer were common religious practices in Judaism, often associated with repentance, mourning, or seeking God's favor. The Greek word for "fast" (νηστεύω) implies abstaining from food for spiritual purposes. The Pharisees and John's disciples engaged in these practices regularly, which was a sign of their religious devotion. This phrase highlights the traditional expectations of piety and the visible expressions of faith that were valued in Jewish society.

but Yours
This phrase introduces a contrast between the practices of Jesus' disciples and those of John's disciples and the Pharisees. The use of "Yours" emphasizes the distinctiveness of Jesus' followers. It suggests a divergence from traditional religious practices, which often puzzled or offended the religious leaders. This contrast sets the stage for Jesus' teaching on the nature of His ministry and the new covenant He was establishing.

go on eating and drinking
The phrase "eating and drinking" signifies a lifestyle that appears less ascetic and more celebratory. In the context of Jesus' ministry, it reflects the joy and freedom associated with the presence of the Messiah. The Greek words for "eating" (ἐσθίω) and "drinking" (πίνω) imply normal, everyday activities, suggesting that Jesus' disciples were not bound by the same ritualistic practices as others. This behavior was often misunderstood by the religious leaders, who equated piety with asceticism. Jesus' response to this observation would later reveal the deeper spiritual truth of His mission: that He came to bring joy, freedom, and a new way of relating to God, which transcends traditional religious practices.

Jesus replied
The phrase "Jesus replied" indicates a direct response from Jesus, showcasing His role as a teacher and authority. The Greek word used here is "ἀποκριθεὶς" (apokritheis), which means to answer or respond. This highlights Jesus' willingness to engage with questions and challenges, often using them as teaching moments. His replies are not just answers but are filled with wisdom and insight, reflecting His divine understanding.

Can you make
The phrase "Can you make" suggests a rhetorical question, implying the impossibility or inappropriateness of the action. The Greek word "δύνασθε" (dunasthai) is used, which means to be able or to have power. This emphasizes the authority and appropriateness of actions in the presence of Jesus, the Son of God. It suggests that certain actions, like fasting, are not fitting in the context of Jesus' presence.

the guests of the bridegroom
This phrase refers to those who are invited to a wedding celebration. In the Jewish tradition, a wedding was a time of great joy and festivity. The Greek word "υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος" (huioi tou numphōnos) literally means "sons of the bridal chamber," indicating close companions or friends of the bridegroom. This metaphor highlights the joy and celebration associated with Jesus' presence, as He is often depicted as the bridegroom in the New Testament, symbolizing His relationship with the Church.

fast
Fasting is a spiritual discipline involving abstaining from food for a period of time, often for prayer and reflection. The Greek word "νηστεύειν" (nēsteuein) is used here, which means to fast. In the Jewish context, fasting was a sign of mourning or penitence. Jesus' question implies that fasting is not appropriate during a time of joy and celebration, such as when He, the bridegroom, is present.

while he is with them
This phrase underscores the significance of Jesus' physical presence among His followers. The Greek "ὅταν ὁ νυμφίος μετ' αὐτῶν ἐστιν" (hotan ho numphios met' autōn estin) emphasizes the temporal nature of Jesus' earthly ministry. It suggests that there is a time for celebration and a time for fasting, and that discernment is needed to understand the appropriate response to Jesus' presence. This highlights the unique and transformative nature of Jesus' ministry, which brings joy and fulfillment to those who recognize Him as the Messiah.

But the time will come
This phrase indicates a future event, a prophetic statement by Jesus. The Greek word for "time" here is "hēmera," which can mean a specific day or a period. Jesus is foretelling a significant moment in the future, emphasizing the certainty of this event. Historically, this points to the period after Jesus' crucifixion and ascension, a time of transition for His disciples. It serves as a reminder that while Jesus was present with them, a time of absence and longing would follow, necessitating spiritual disciplines like fasting.

when the bridegroom
The term "bridegroom" is a metaphorical reference to Jesus Himself. In Jewish tradition, the bridegroom is central to the wedding celebration, symbolizing joy and union. The use of this term highlights Jesus' role in establishing a new covenant relationship with His followers, akin to a marriage. This imagery is rooted in Old Testament prophecies where God is often depicted as the bridegroom of Israel (e.g., Isaiah 62:5). It underscores the intimate and joyous relationship between Christ and the Church.

will be taken from them
The phrase "will be taken" comes from the Greek "apairō," meaning to be removed or taken away. This foreshadows Jesus' impending crucifixion and ascension, events that would physically separate Him from His disciples. Historically, this was a time of great sorrow and confusion for the early followers of Christ. Theologically, it signifies the necessary sacrifice of Jesus for the redemption of humanity, a pivotal moment in Christian doctrine.

then they will fast
Fasting, in this context, is a spiritual discipline practiced in times of mourning, repentance, or seeking divine guidance. The Greek word "nēsteuō" implies abstaining from food for spiritual purposes. Jesus indicates that His physical absence will lead His disciples to fast, reflecting their longing for His presence and guidance. This practice is deeply rooted in Jewish tradition and is seen throughout the Bible as a means of drawing closer to God. In the early Church, fasting became a way to prepare for significant spiritual events and to seek God's will, emphasizing the importance of spiritual readiness and dependence on God.

He also told them a parable
This introduction to the parable indicates that Jesus is about to impart a spiritual truth through a simple story. The use of parables was a common teaching method in Jewish culture, allowing listeners to engage with the narrative and uncover deeper meanings. The Greek word for "parable" is "parabolē," which means a comparison or analogy. Jesus often used parables to reveal truths to those willing to hear and understand, while concealing them from those who were hard-hearted.

No one tears a piece of cloth from a new garment
The imagery of a "new garment" suggests something fresh and unblemished. In the context of Jesus' ministry, the "new garment" can be seen as the new covenant He was establishing, which was characterized by grace and truth. The Greek word for "new" is "kainos," indicating something unprecedented or novel. This reflects the transformative nature of Jesus' teachings, which were not merely an extension of the old ways but a fulfillment and renewal.

and sews it on an old one
The "old one" represents the old covenant or the traditional Jewish laws and customs. The act of sewing a new piece onto an old garment symbolizes the incompatibility of trying to merge the new covenant of grace with the old covenant of law. Historically, the Jewish people were accustomed to the Mosaic Law, and Jesus was illustrating that His teachings were not meant to be a patchwork addition but a complete renewal.

If he does, he will tear the new garment
This phrase highlights the futility and damage caused by attempting to combine the new with the old. The tearing of the new garment signifies the loss and destruction that occurs when the purity and integrity of the new covenant are compromised by trying to fit it into the old framework. The Greek word for "tear" is "schizō," which means to split or divide, emphasizing the division that occurs when the new covenant is not fully embraced.

and the piece from the new will not match the old
The lack of compatibility between the new and old is underscored here. The Greek word for "match" is "sumphōneō," meaning to agree or harmonize. This illustrates that the new covenant brought by Jesus is fundamentally different and cannot be reconciled with the old ways. The new covenant requires a complete transformation of heart and mind, aligning with the teachings of Christ rather than adhering to the old legalistic practices.

And no one
This phrase sets a universal principle, emphasizing the wisdom and common understanding of the time. In the Greek, "οὐδεὶς" (oudeis) means "no one" or "nobody," indicating an absolute statement. This reflects the cultural and practical knowledge of winemaking in ancient times, where certain practices were universally accepted. The phrase suggests that the teaching to follow is not just a suggestion but a well-known truth.

pours
The Greek word "βάλλει" (ballei) means "to throw" or "to cast," but in this context, it is used for pouring or placing something carefully. This action implies intentionality and purpose. The act of pouring new wine is deliberate, symbolizing the introduction of something fresh and transformative. It suggests a careful and thoughtful process, much like the careful consideration required in spiritual renewal.

new wine
"New wine" in Greek is "νέον οἶνον" (neon oinon), referring to freshly pressed grape juice that is still fermenting. In biblical symbolism, new wine often represents new teachings, covenants, or the work of the Holy Spirit. The freshness and potential of new wine symbolize the new life and transformation brought by Jesus' teachings and the New Covenant. It is a metaphor for the dynamic and living nature of the Gospel, which cannot be contained by old, rigid structures.

into old wineskins
The Greek term "ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς" (askous palaious) refers to containers made from animal skins used to store wine. Over time, these skins would become brittle and inflexible. Historically, wineskins were essential for storing and transporting wine, but they had a limited lifespan. The "old wineskins" symbolize the old religious systems and traditions that were unable to accommodate the new, vibrant teachings of Jesus. This phrase highlights the necessity for new structures and mindsets to embrace the transformative power of the Gospel.

Instead
The word "instead" serves as a pivotal transition, contrasting the previous statement about old wineskins. It indicates a shift from the old to the new, emphasizing the necessity of change and renewal. In the Greek, the word used is "ἀλλά" (alla), which is a strong adversative conjunction. This highlights the importance of embracing new practices and teachings, as Jesus was introducing a new covenant that required a departure from old traditions.

new wine
"New wine" symbolizes the fresh and transformative teachings of Jesus Christ. In the Greek, "new" is "νέος" (neos), which refers to something recently made or of a new kind. This new wine represents the gospel and the new life it brings. Historically, wine was a staple in Jewish culture, often associated with joy and celebration. The new wine signifies the joy and fulfillment found in the teachings of Christ, which cannot be contained within the old structures of the law.

is poured
The act of pouring indicates a deliberate and purposeful action. In the Greek, "is poured" is "βάλλεται" (balletai), which implies an intentional placement. This suggests that the new teachings of Jesus are not haphazardly given but are purposefully directed towards those who are ready to receive them. The imagery of pouring also evokes the idea of abundance and generosity, reflecting God's grace being lavishly given to humanity.

into new wineskins
"New wineskins" are essential to contain the new wine. The Greek word for "new" here is "καινός" (kainos), which means fresh or unused. Unlike "νέος" (neos), which refers to time, "καινός" emphasizes quality and nature. New wineskins are flexible and able to expand, symbolizing the readiness and adaptability required to embrace the gospel. Historically, wineskins were made from animal hides, and new skins were necessary to accommodate the fermentation process of new wine. This metaphor illustrates the need for a renewed mindset and heart to fully experience the transformative power of Christ's message.

And no one after drinking old wine wants new, for he says, 'The old is better.'
And no one
This phrase introduces a universal principle, suggesting that the statement applies broadly to human nature. In the Greek, "oudeis" (οὐδεὶς) emphasizes the inclusivity of the statement, indicating that this is a common human tendency. Historically, this reflects the conservative nature of human beings who often resist change and prefer the familiar.

after drinking
The act of drinking here symbolizes experience and familiarity. The Greek word "piōn" (πίων) implies a process of consumption and satisfaction. In a spiritual context, this can be seen as the experience of living under the old covenant or traditions, which people have grown accustomed to over time.

old wine
Old wine, in the ancient world, was considered superior due to its maturity and depth of flavor. The Greek "palaios" (παλαιός) denotes something aged or ancient. This can be interpreted as the established religious practices and beliefs that have been long held and cherished by the people.

wants new
The reluctance to desire new wine signifies resistance to change or new teachings. The Greek "thelei" (θέλει) means to wish or desire, indicating a preference. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this reflects the hesitance of the Jewish people to accept the new covenant He was introducing.

for he says
This phrase introduces the reasoning behind the preference. The Greek "legei" (λέγει) is a common term for speaking or reasoning, suggesting a considered judgment or conclusion. It highlights the internal dialogue and justification for preferring the old over the new.

'The old is better.'
This conclusion reflects a value judgment. The Greek "chrestos" (χρηστός) means good, useful, or better. It suggests that the old ways are perceived as more beneficial or satisfactory. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as the comfort found in the familiar traditions and the difficulty in embracing the transformative message of Christ.