At the end of every seven years
This phrase introduces the concept of the "Sabbatical Year," a significant aspect of the Mosaic Law. The number seven in Hebrew culture is symbolic of completion and perfection, often associated with God's creation and rest. The Hebrew word for "seven" is "שֶׁבַע" (sheva), which is closely related to "שָׁבַת" (shabbat), meaning to cease or rest. This cyclical period of seven years reflects God's design for rest and renewal, not only for the land but also for the community. Historically, this practice would have served as a reminder of God's provision and sovereignty, encouraging trust in His timing and care.

you must cancel debts
The Hebrew term used here is "שָׁמַט" (shamat), which means to release or let drop. This commandment is a profound expression of God's mercy and justice, ensuring that economic disparities do not become entrenched within the Israelite society. By canceling debts, the Israelites were reminded of their own redemption from slavery in Egypt, as they were called to extend grace and freedom to their fellow countrymen. This practice also foreshadows the ultimate forgiveness and release found in Christ, who cancels the debt of sin for believers. In a historical context, this would have been a radical economic reset, promoting social equality and preventing the accumulation of generational poverty. It underscores the biblical principle that all resources ultimately belong to God, and His people are stewards called to reflect His character in their dealings with one another.

This is how it is to be done
This phrase introduces a divine directive, emphasizing the importance of following God's specific instructions. The Hebrew root here, "כִּי" (ki), often translates to "because" or "for," indicating a reason or explanation. This sets the stage for a command that is not merely a suggestion but a divinely ordained practice. Historically, this reflects the structured and orderly nature of God's laws, which were designed to promote justice and compassion within the community.

Every creditor
The term "creditor" in Hebrew is "מַשֶּׁה" (masheh), which refers to one who lends money or goods. This highlights the social and economic relationships within ancient Israelite society, where lending was a common practice. The inclusion of "every" underscores the universality of the command, leaving no room for exceptions. It reflects God's desire for equity and fairness, ensuring that all members of the community participate in this act of mercy.

shall cancel
The Hebrew word "שָׁמַט" (shamat) means to release or let drop. This is a powerful image of forgiveness and liberation, symbolizing the release of burdens and debts. In a spiritual sense, it mirrors the forgiveness that God extends to humanity, encouraging believers to emulate this grace in their interactions with others. The act of canceling debts every seven years was a radical economic reset, promoting social stability and preventing the accumulation of generational poverty.

what he has loaned to his neighbor
The phrase "what he has loaned" refers to the tangible expression of trust and support within the community. The Hebrew "מַשֶּׁה" (masheh) again emphasizes the act of lending, which was not merely a financial transaction but a relational one. "Neighbor" in Hebrew is "רֵעַ" (rea), indicating a close associate or fellow member of the community. This reinforces the idea of communal responsibility and the importance of maintaining harmonious relationships.

He shall not collect anything from his neighbor or brother
This command further emphasizes the prohibition against reclaiming debts during the year of release. The repetition of "neighbor" and the addition of "brother" (אָח, ach) highlight the familial and communal bonds that should transcend financial obligations. It reflects the biblical principle that relationships are more valuable than material wealth, and it calls believers to prioritize love and unity over personal gain.

because the LORD’s time of release has been proclaimed
The phrase "the LORD’s time of release" refers to the "שְׁמִטָּה" (shemittah), the sabbatical year, which was a time of rest and renewal for the land and the people. This divine proclamation underscores God's sovereignty over time and resources, reminding the Israelites that everything ultimately belongs to Him. It serves as a reminder of God's provision and faithfulness, encouraging trust in His timing and care. The "proclaimed" aspect indicates a public declaration, ensuring that the community is aware and accountable to this divine mandate.

You may collect something from a foreigner
This phrase indicates a distinction between Israelites and foreigners in the context of debt and economic relationships. The Hebrew word for "foreigner" is "nokri," which refers to someone who is not part of the Israelite community. Historically, this reflects the socio-economic structure of ancient Israel, where community bonds were strong, and economic practices were designed to maintain social stability and cohesion within the community. The allowance to collect debts from foreigners suggests a pragmatic approach to international trade and relations, recognizing the different obligations and expectations that existed outside the covenant community.

but you must forgive
The Hebrew root for "forgive" here is "shamat," which means to release or let drop. This concept is central to the Sabbatical Year, a time of release and renewal. It reflects God's desire for His people to live in freedom and grace, mirroring His own forgiveness towards them. The act of forgiving debts is not merely a financial transaction but a spiritual discipline that fosters trust, compassion, and unity among the Israelites. It serves as a reminder of God's provision and the importance of mercy in human relationships.

whatever your brother owes you
The term "brother" in this context is "ach" in Hebrew, which extends beyond biological relationships to include fellow members of the Israelite community. This familial language underscores the covenantal bond among the Israelites, emphasizing that they are to treat each other with the same care and concern as family members. The obligation to forgive debts within this community is a reflection of the covenantal relationship they share with God, who has redeemed them and called them to live as His people. This practice of debt forgiveness is a tangible expression of the love and solidarity that should characterize the people of God, setting them apart from other nations and demonstrating the transformative power of God's law.

There will be no poor among you
This phrase sets a divine ideal for the Israelite community. The Hebrew word for "poor" here is "אֶבְיוֹן" (evyon), which refers to those who are needy or destitute. The context of this promise is rooted in the covenant relationship between God and Israel. It reflects God's desire for a society where His blessings are so abundant that poverty is eradicated. This ideal is contingent upon Israel's obedience to God's commandments, emphasizing a community responsibility to care for one another, ensuring that no one lacks basic needs.

because the LORD will surely bless you
The assurance of blessing is a central theme in Deuteronomy. The Hebrew word for "bless" is "בָּרַךְ" (barak), which implies a divine favor that results in prosperity and well-being. This blessing is not merely material but encompasses spiritual and communal prosperity. It underscores the faithfulness of God to His promises and His desire to see His people thrive. The certainty of this blessing ("surely") highlights God's commitment to His covenant and the reliability of His word.

in the land
The "land" refers to Canaan, the Promised Land, which holds significant theological and historical importance. It is a tangible symbol of God's promise to Abraham and his descendants. The land is not just a physical territory but a place where God's people are to live out His commandments and reflect His character. The possession of the land is both a gift and a responsibility, requiring the Israelites to maintain justice and righteousness.

the LORD your God is giving you
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty and generosity of God. The verb "giving" (נָתַן, natan) indicates an ongoing action, suggesting that the land is a continual gift from God, not a one-time transaction. It highlights the grace of God, as the land is given not because of Israel's merit but because of God's covenantal love. This gift requires a response of gratitude and obedience from the Israelites.

to possess as an inheritance
The concept of "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, nachalah) is deeply rooted in the Hebrew understanding of family and legacy. It signifies a permanent possession that is passed down through generations, reflecting the enduring nature of God's promises. The land as an inheritance is a reminder of the Israelites' identity as God's chosen people and their role as stewards of His creation. It calls them to live in a way that honors God and ensures the land remains a place of blessing for future generations.

if only you obey the LORD your God
This phrase emphasizes the conditional nature of the blessings promised by God. The Hebrew word for "obey" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear, listen, or give heed. In the ancient Near Eastern context, hearing was not merely an auditory experience but involved a response or action. Thus, obedience to God is not passive but requires active engagement and commitment to His commandments. The phrase underscores the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where blessings are contingent upon faithfulness and adherence to God's laws.

and are careful to follow all these commandments
The word "careful" in Hebrew is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), which means to keep, guard, or observe. This implies a diligent and intentional effort to adhere to God's laws. The historical context of Deuteronomy is Moses' final address to the Israelites before entering the Promised Land, reminding them of the importance of obedience to maintain their covenant with God. The phrase "all these commandments" refers to the comprehensive nature of the law, indicating that partial obedience is insufficient. It calls for a holistic approach to living out God's instructions, reflecting a life fully devoted to His will.

I am giving you today
This phrase highlights the immediacy and relevance of God's commandments. The use of "today" signifies that God's laws are not just historical or future-oriented but are meant to be applied in the present moment. The giving of the law is a continuous act, as relevant now as it was when first delivered. This reflects the timeless nature of God's word and His desire for His people to live in accordance with His will at all times. The phrase also serves as a reminder of God's ongoing provision and guidance, as He equips His people with the necessary instructions to live a life pleasing to Him.

For the LORD your God will bless you
This phrase emphasizes the source of blessings, which is the LORD, Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God of Israel. The Hebrew word for "bless" is "barak," which conveys a sense of divine favor and prosperity. In the context of Deuteronomy, this blessing is contingent upon Israel's obedience to God's commandments. Historically, the Israelites understood blessings as tangible expressions of God's favor, often manifesting in agricultural abundance, peace, and prosperity. This promise of blessing is a recurring theme in Deuteronomy, underscoring God's desire to provide for His people when they walk in His ways.

as He has promised
This phrase points to the faithfulness of God in keeping His promises. The Hebrew word for "promise" is "dabar," which also means "word." This indicates that God's promises are as sure as His spoken word. Throughout the Old Testament, God’s promises to Israel include the land, descendants, and blessings. The historical context of Deuteronomy is the renewal of the covenant before entering the Promised Land, reminding the Israelites of God's unwavering commitment to His word.

you will lend to many nations
Here, the phrase suggests a position of economic strength and influence. The Hebrew verb "lavah" means "to lend" and implies a relationship where Israel is in a position to provide for others, rather than being in need. In the ancient Near Eastern context, lending was a sign of wealth and stability. This promise indicates that Israel, when obedient, would be a nation of abundance, able to extend its resources to others, thus fulfilling part of the Abrahamic covenant to be a blessing to all nations.

but borrow from none
This phrase contrasts the previous one, highlighting a state of independence and sufficiency. The Hebrew word "sha'al" means "to borrow," and in this context, it implies a lack of need. Historically, borrowing was often associated with subjugation or economic distress. God's promise here is that Israel would not be in such a position, reflecting His provision and the nation's prosperity under His blessing.

You will rule over many nations
This phrase speaks to a position of leadership and authority. The Hebrew word "mashal" means "to rule" or "to have dominion." In the biblical context, this ruling is not merely political but also spiritual, as Israel was to be a light to the nations, demonstrating God's righteousness and justice. Historically, Israel's influence was to extend beyond its borders, impacting other nations through its covenant relationship with God.

but be ruled by none
This final phrase underscores the theme of freedom and sovereignty. The Hebrew word "mashal" is used again, but in the negative sense, indicating that Israel would not be subject to foreign powers. This promise of autonomy is significant in the historical context of Deuteronomy, as Israel was about to enter a land surrounded by powerful nations. God's assurance is that, under His blessing, Israel would remain free and independent, a testament to His protection and provision.

If there is a poor man
The Hebrew word for "poor" here is "אֶבְיוֹן" (evyon), which refers to someone who is needy or destitute. In the ancient Israelite context, poverty was often a result of various factors such as crop failure, illness, or social injustice. The presence of poverty among the Israelites was a test of their obedience to God's commands and their compassion towards one another. This phrase sets the stage for a divine mandate to care for those in need, reflecting God's heart for justice and mercy.

among your brothers
The term "brothers" (אֲחִים, achim) emphasizes the familial relationship among the Israelites. It underscores the idea that the Israelites were not just a collection of tribes but a family under God. This familial language is a call to solidarity and mutual responsibility, reminding the Israelites that they are to treat each other with the same care and concern as they would their own kin.

within any of the gates
The "gates" (שְׁעָרֶיךָ, she'arecha) were the entry points to cities and towns, often serving as places of judgment, commerce, and community gathering. Mentioning the gates highlights the public and communal aspect of addressing poverty. It suggests that caring for the poor is not just a private matter but a community responsibility, to be addressed openly and with accountability.

in the land that the LORD your God is giving you
This phrase reminds the Israelites of the divine origin of their land. The land is a gift from God, and with it comes the responsibility to steward it according to His laws. The Israelites are to remember that their blessings are not solely for personal gain but are to be shared, especially with those in need. This divine gift comes with an expectation of generosity and justice.

you are not to harden your heart
The phrase "harden your heart" (תְאַמֵּץ לְבָבְךָ, te'ametz levavecha) is a call against insensitivity and indifference. In biblical terms, the heart is the center of will and emotion. To harden one's heart is to become unresponsive to God's commands and the needs of others. This warning is a call to maintain a tender and responsive heart, open to the promptings of compassion and mercy.

or shut your hand
The imagery of a "shut hand" (תִּקְפֹּץ אֶת־יָדְךָ, tikpotz et-yadcha) conveys the idea of withholding aid or being stingy. In contrast, an open hand symbolizes generosity and willingness to help. This command is a direct call to action, urging the Israelites to be proactive in their generosity, reflecting God's own open-handedness towards His people.

from your poor brother
Reiterating the familial term "brother" reinforces the personal nature of this command. The use of "your" personalizes the responsibility, making it clear that each individual is accountable for the welfare of their fellow Israelites. This phrase serves as a reminder that poverty is not an abstract issue but a personal one, affecting real people within the community. It calls for a compassionate response rooted in the recognition of shared humanity and divine kinship.

Instead
The word "instead" serves as a pivotal transition, indicating a shift from a previous command or expectation. In the context of Deuteronomy 15, this word contrasts the natural human inclination to withhold generosity, especially as the year of release approaches. The Hebrew root here suggests a deliberate choice to act contrary to self-interest, emphasizing the call to align one's actions with God's will rather than societal norms.

you are to open your hand
This phrase is rich with imagery and cultural significance. In ancient Hebrew culture, an open hand symbolizes generosity, willingness, and vulnerability. The act of opening one's hand is a physical manifestation of an open heart. The Hebrew verb "patah" conveys the idea of releasing or setting free, which aligns with the broader theme of liberation and provision in the Sabbatical year. This command challenges believers to practice radical generosity, reflecting God's own open-handedness towards humanity.

to him
The pronoun "him" personalizes the command, directing the action towards an individual in need. This specificity underscores the relational aspect of the law, reminding the Israelites that their obligations are not abstract but directed towards real people within their community. It reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and recognizing the inherent dignity and worth of each person.

and freely loan him
The concept of a "free loan" is revolutionary, especially in a historical context where loans often came with interest or conditions. The Hebrew word "lavah" implies lending without expectation of repayment, reflecting God's grace. This command encourages believers to mirror God's generosity, offering help without strings attached. It challenges the community to trust in God's provision rather than relying on human calculations of risk and reward.

whatever he needs
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the command. The Hebrew term "kol" (translated as "whatever") suggests totality and completeness. It calls for a response that meets the full extent of the individual's needs, not just a token gesture. This reflects the biblical principle of abundance, where God's provision is not limited or rationed. It challenges believers to assess and address the genuine needs of others, trusting that God will supply their own needs in return.

Be careful not to harbor
The Hebrew root for "be careful" is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), which means to guard, keep, or watch over. This implies a vigilant and proactive stance in one's spiritual and moral life. The phrase suggests an intentional effort to guard one's heart against negative inclinations. In a conservative Christian perspective, this vigilance is a call to align one's thoughts and actions with God's commandments, emphasizing the importance of internal purity and righteousness.

this wicked thought
The term "wicked" comes from the Hebrew "בְּלִיַּעַל" (belial), often associated with worthlessness or evil. The "thought" here is not just a fleeting idea but a deep-seated attitude that can lead to sin. This highlights the biblical principle that sin often begins in the heart and mind, reinforcing the need for believers to cultivate a heart that reflects God's love and justice.

in your heart
The "heart" in Hebrew, "לֵב" (lev), is considered the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. It is where decisions are made and intentions are formed. The scripture underscores the importance of maintaining a pure heart, as it is the wellspring of life and the source of one's actions and attitudes.

‘The seventh year, the year of release, is near,’
This refers to the "Shemitah" year, a sabbatical year observed every seven years when debts were to be forgiven. The historical context of this practice is rooted in God's provision and care for the community, ensuring that no one remains in perpetual poverty. It reflects God's justice and mercy, reminding believers of the importance of compassion and generosity.

so that you look grudgingly
The phrase "look grudgingly" translates from the Hebrew "רָעָה עַיִן" (ra'ah ayin), literally "evil eye." This idiom conveys an attitude of stinginess or envy. In biblical times, the "evil eye" was believed to have the power to harm others through jealousy or malice. This serves as a warning against allowing selfishness to dictate one's actions, especially towards those in need.

on your poor brother
The term "brother" here is not limited to familial relations but extends to fellow Israelites, emphasizing the communal responsibility to care for one another. The use of "poor" highlights the vulnerable position of those in need, calling believers to act with empathy and support, reflecting God's love for all His children.

and give him nothing
This phrase underscores the sin of omission, where failing to act in kindness and generosity is seen as a moral failing. In the conservative Christian view, it is a reminder that faith must be accompanied by works, as true faith manifests in love and service to others.

Then he may appeal to the LORD against you
The concept of appealing to the LORD indicates that God is the ultimate judge and defender of the oppressed. It serves as a sobering reminder that God hears the cries of the needy and holds His people accountable for their actions towards others.

and you will be guilty of sin
The declaration of guilt emphasizes the seriousness of neglecting one's duty to care for the poor. Sin, in this context, is not just a personal failing but a breach of covenantal responsibility. It calls believers to repentance and a renewed commitment to live according to God's standards of justice and mercy.

Give generously to him
The Hebrew root for "give" is "natan," which implies a sense of bestowing or granting. This word is often used in the context of divine gifts, suggesting that giving is an act that mirrors God's own generosity. The phrase "generously" translates from "natan" with an emphasis on liberality and abundance. In the historical context of ancient Israel, this command was part of the Sabbatical Year laws, where debts were forgiven, and generosity was encouraged. The act of giving is not merely transactional but a reflection of God's covenantal love and provision.

and do not let your heart be grieved
The Hebrew word for "heart" is "lev," which encompasses not just emotions but the will and intellect. The instruction here is to align one's inner being with the act of giving. "Grieved" comes from the Hebrew "yara," meaning to be displeased or to feel sorrow. This phrase suggests that the act of giving should be accompanied by a willing and joyful heart, free from reluctance or regret. In a broader scriptural context, this aligns with the New Testament teaching in 2 Corinthians 9:7, where God loves a cheerful giver.

when you do so
This phrase emphasizes the action and timing of giving. It is not a hypothetical or future possibility but an immediate and present action. The historical context of Deuteronomy involves a community living in close-knit tribes, where the welfare of each member was crucial for the survival and prosperity of the whole. The immediacy of the command underscores the urgency and importance of addressing the needs of others without delay.

and because of this
This phrase serves as a causal link, connecting the act of generous giving with the subsequent blessing from God. It highlights the principle of sowing and reaping, a recurring theme in Scripture. The cause-and-effect relationship here is not merely transactional but covenantal, reflecting the faithfulness of God to His promises.

the LORD your God will bless you
The name "LORD" is the English representation of the Tetragrammaton, YHWH, the covenant name of God. It signifies His eternal, unchanging nature and His personal relationship with His people. "Bless" comes from the Hebrew "barak," which means to kneel, indicating a posture of reverence and the conferring of divine favor. The promise of blessing is a reaffirmation of God's commitment to His people, contingent upon their obedience and faithfulness.

in all your work
The Hebrew word for "work" is "ma'aseh," which refers to deeds, labor, or occupation. This promise encompasses every aspect of one's endeavors, suggesting that God's blessing is not limited to spiritual matters but extends to all areas of life. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, this would have been particularly significant, as successful work was directly tied to survival and prosperity.

and in everything to which you put your hand
This phrase reinforces the comprehensive nature of God's blessing. "Everything" translates from "kol," meaning all or the whole, indicating no aspect of life is excluded from divine favor. "Put your hand" is a Hebrew idiom for taking action or initiative. The promise is that God's blessing will accompany the faithful in all their undertakings, providing assurance and encouragement to act with confidence and trust in His provision.

For there will never cease to be poor in the land
This phrase acknowledges a perpetual reality within human society. The Hebrew word for "poor" here is "אֶבְיוֹן" (evyon), which refers to those who are economically disadvantaged or destitute. Historically, this reflects the agrarian society of ancient Israel, where economic fluctuations were common due to factors like drought or invasion. Theologically, this statement underscores the fallen nature of the world, where inequality and hardship persist. It serves as a reminder of the ongoing need for compassion and justice, aligning with the broader biblical narrative that calls for care for the marginalized.

That is why I am commanding you
The phrase emphasizes divine authority and instruction. The Hebrew word for "commanding" is "מְצַוֶּה" (metzaveh), which implies a directive from God that is not optional but obligatory. This command reflects God's character as just and merciful, and it is a call to His people to mirror these attributes. The historical context of Deuteronomy is a covenantal framework where Israel is called to live in a way that reflects God's holiness and justice, serving as a light to the nations.

to open wide your hand
This vivid imagery of generosity is rooted in the Hebrew phrase "פָּתֹחַ תִּפְתַּח" (patoach tiftach), which literally means "opening you shall open." It conveys an attitude of liberality and willingness to give. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the hand symbolizes power and action. Thus, opening one's hand signifies an active choice to use one's resources for the benefit of others. This phrase challenges believers to practice radical generosity, reflecting God's abundant provision and grace.

to your brother
The term "brother" (אָח, ach) in Hebrew extends beyond biological relationships to include fellow members of the community of faith. This reflects the covenantal relationship among the Israelites, who were to see each other as family. In a broader Christian context, it calls believers to recognize the spiritual kinship among all who are in Christ, urging them to act with love and solidarity.

and to the poor and needy
The repetition of "poor" (אֶבְיוֹן, evyon) and the addition of "needy" (עָנִי, ani) emphasize the breadth of those who require assistance. "Ani" often refers to those who are afflicted or oppressed, highlighting the social and economic vulnerabilities present in society. This dual focus on the poor and needy underscores the comprehensive nature of God's concern for all who suffer, and it calls His people to a holistic approach to charity and justice.

in your land
The phrase "in your land" (בְּאַרְצְךָ, be'artzecha) situates the command within the specific context of the Promised Land, a place of divine blessing and provision. It reminds the Israelites of their stewardship responsibilities over the land God has given them. For contemporary believers, it serves as a reminder that wherever God has placed them, they are to act as stewards of His resources, ensuring that His justice and mercy are evident in their communities.

If a fellow Hebrew
The term "Hebrew" refers to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the chosen people of God. In the Hebrew language, the word "Hebrew" (עִבְרִי, Ivri) is often associated with the idea of crossing over or passing through, reflecting the journey of faith and obedience that characterizes the life of God's people. This phrase emphasizes the communal and covenantal relationship among the Israelites, highlighting the importance of treating one another with dignity and respect as members of God's covenant community.

a man or woman
This phrase underscores the inclusivity of the law, applying equally to both genders. In the ancient Near Eastern context, where women often had fewer rights, this inclusion is significant. It reflects the biblical principle that all individuals, regardless of gender, are created in the image of God (Genesis 1:27) and are to be treated with fairness and justice. The equal application of this law to both men and women demonstrates God's impartiality and the inherent value of every person.

is sold to you
The concept of being "sold" into servitude in ancient Israel was often a result of poverty or debt. Unlike the harsh slavery systems of other ancient cultures, Hebrew servitude was regulated by laws that protected the rights and dignity of the servant. The Hebrew word for "sold" (מָכַר, makar) implies a transaction, but within the context of Israelite law, it was more akin to an indentured servitude with specific terms and conditions. This reflects God's concern for justice and the well-being of the vulnerable in society.

and serves you six years
The six-year period of service is significant, as it mirrors the creation pattern of six days of work followed by a day of rest (Exodus 20:9-10). This temporal structure reflects God's design for work and rest, emphasizing the importance of balance and the dignity of labor. The six-year term also provided a structured opportunity for the servant to work off debt or improve their circumstances, with the assurance of eventual freedom.

then in the seventh year
The seventh year, known as the Sabbatical year, was a time of release and renewal. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completion and perfection, reflecting God's perfect plan for His people. The Sabbatical year was a time of rest for the land and liberation for servants, embodying the principles of mercy and grace. It served as a reminder of God's deliverance of Israel from slavery in Egypt and His ongoing provision and care.

you must set him free
The command to "set him free" is a powerful declaration of liberation and restoration. The Hebrew word for "set free" (שָׁלַח, shalach) conveys the idea of sending forth or releasing. This act of liberation was not merely a legal obligation but a reflection of God's character and His desire for His people to experience freedom. It points to the ultimate freedom found in Christ, who came to set captives free (Luke 4:18). This command also underscores the importance of compassion and generosity, as the freed servant was to be sent away with provisions to ensure a fresh start (Deuteronomy 15:13-14).

And when you release him
This phrase refers to the practice of releasing Hebrew servants in the seventh year, as outlined in the Mosaic Law. The Hebrew word for "release" is "שָׁלַח" (shalach), which conveys the idea of sending forth or setting free. This practice underscores the value of freedom and the dignity of every individual, reflecting God's desire for His people to live in liberty. Historically, this release was a reminder of Israel's own deliverance from slavery in Egypt, emphasizing that they were to treat others with the same grace and mercy they had received.

do not send him away
The directive here is not merely about the act of release but also about the manner in which it is done. The Hebrew word "שָׁלַח" (shalach) is used again, but with a different nuance, emphasizing the responsibility of the master to ensure the servant's well-being upon departure. This reflects a broader biblical principle of stewardship and care for others, highlighting the importance of community and mutual support within the covenant people of God.

empty-handed
The term "רֵיקָם" (reyqam) in Hebrew means "empty" or "without provision." This instruction is a call to generosity and justice, ensuring that the released servant is equipped to start anew. It reflects God's heart for provision and care, ensuring that no one is left destitute or without means to sustain themselves. This principle is echoed throughout Scripture, where God's people are encouraged to care for the poor and needy, reflecting His character of compassion and provision. Historically, this practice would have helped prevent cycles of poverty and dependence, promoting a society where everyone had the opportunity to thrive.

You are to furnish him liberally
The phrase "furnish him liberally" is rooted in the Hebrew concept of generosity and abundance. The Hebrew word used here, "hanek," implies a sense of equipping or adorning with ample provision. This reflects God's desire for His people to act with open-handedness and kindness, mirroring His own generous nature. In the historical context, this command was given to the Israelites regarding the release of Hebrew servants in the Sabbatical year, emphasizing the importance of ensuring that those who have served are not sent away empty-handed. This principle of generosity is a timeless call for believers to reflect God's grace in their dealings with others.

from your flock, your threshing floor, and your winepress
These three sources—flock, threshing floor, and winepress—represent the primary means of sustenance and wealth in ancient Israelite society. The flock signifies livestock, a crucial asset for food, clothing, and trade. The threshing floor is where grain was processed, symbolizing the staple of daily sustenance. The winepress represents the production of wine, a significant cultural and economic commodity. By specifying these sources, the scripture underscores the comprehensive nature of the provision, ensuring that the servant is well-equipped for a new start. This reflects a holistic approach to generosity, encouraging believers to give from all areas of their abundance.

You shall give to him as the LORD your God has blessed you
This phrase ties the act of giving directly to the blessings received from God. The Hebrew word for "blessed," "barak," conveys a sense of divine favor and endowment. The instruction here is not merely to give, but to give in proportion to the blessings one has received from God. This establishes a cycle of blessing, where the generosity of God's people is a response to His generosity towards them. It serves as a reminder that all possessions and wealth are ultimately from God, and thus, believers are stewards of His resources. This principle encourages a heart of gratitude and a lifestyle of giving, rooted in the recognition of God's providence and grace.

Remember
The Hebrew word for "remember" is "זָכַר" (zakar), which implies more than just recalling a fact; it involves an active, conscious effort to bring something to mind and act upon it. In the biblical context, remembering is often tied to covenant faithfulness. God calls His people to remember their past, not to dwell in it, but to let it shape their present actions and attitudes. This remembrance is a call to gratitude and obedience, acknowledging God's past deliverance as a foundation for current faithfulness.

that you were slaves
The phrase "that you were slaves" serves as a poignant reminder of Israel's past bondage in Egypt. The Hebrew word for "slaves" is "עֲבָדִים" (avadim), which denotes servitude and oppression. This historical context is crucial, as it underscores the transformation from slavery to freedom, a central theme in Israel's identity. It is a call to humility and empathy, reminding the Israelites of their humble beginnings and encouraging them to treat others with compassion and justice.

in the land of Egypt
"Egypt" in Hebrew is "מִצְרַיִם" (Mitzrayim), often symbolizing a place of oppression and idolatry in the biblical narrative. The land of Egypt represents the world from which God delivered His people, a place of spiritual and physical bondage. This reference serves as a backdrop for understanding God's redemptive power and His ability to bring His people out of darkness into light. It is a call to recognize God's sovereignty and His ability to transform dire circumstances.

and the LORD your God
The phrase "the LORD your God" uses the sacred name "יְהוָה" (YHWH), which is often translated as "LORD" in English. This name signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with Israel. The use of "your God" personalizes this relationship, emphasizing that the same God who delivered Israel is actively involved in their lives. It is a reminder of God's faithfulness and His intimate involvement in the lives of His people.

redeemed you
The Hebrew word for "redeemed" is "גָּאַל" (ga'al), which means to buy back or to rescue. This term is rich with theological significance, as it points to God's act of deliverance from slavery in Egypt. Redemption is a central theme in Scripture, foreshadowing the ultimate redemption through Christ. It highlights God's grace and mercy, underscoring that salvation is an act of divine intervention, not human effort.

that is why I am giving you this command today
This phrase ties the historical and theological context to a present-day application. The command given is rooted in God's past actions and His ongoing relationship with His people. It emphasizes the continuity of God's covenant and the expectation of obedience as a response to His grace. The word "today" underscores the immediacy and relevance of God's commands, calling believers to live in the light of God's past deliverance and present guidance.

But if your servant says to you
The phrase "But if your servant says to you" introduces a conditional scenario within the context of ancient Israelite society. The Hebrew word for "servant" here is "עֶבֶד" (eved), which can mean a servant or slave. This reflects the socio-economic structures of the time, where servitude was often a result of debt or poverty. The law provided a humane approach to servitude, allowing for the possibility of a servant choosing to remain with their master out of love and loyalty, rather than compulsion.

‘I do not want to leave you,’
The declaration "I do not want to leave you" signifies a voluntary decision made by the servant. This choice is rooted in the Hebrew concept of "אהבה" (ahavah), meaning love or affection. It highlights the potential for a deep, familial bond between servant and master, transcending the typical master-servant relationship. This voluntary servitude is a testament to the master's fair and loving treatment, reflecting God's desire for His people to treat others with kindness and justice.

because he loves you and your household
The phrase "because he loves you and your household" emphasizes the relational aspect of the servant's decision. The Hebrew word for "loves" is again "אהבה" (ahavah), underscoring the genuine affection and loyalty the servant feels. This love extends beyond the master to the entire household, indicating a harmonious and supportive environment. It reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and creating a community where individuals are valued and respected.

and is well off with you
The phrase "and is well off with you" suggests that the servant's material and emotional needs are being met. The Hebrew word "טוֹב" (tov) is used here, meaning good or well. This indicates that the servant experiences a good quality of life under the master's care. It highlights the importance of providing for those under one's authority, ensuring their well-being and prosperity. This aligns with the biblical mandate for justice and compassion, where those in positions of power are called to care for the vulnerable and marginalized.

then take an awl
The word "awl" refers to a pointed tool used for piercing holes. In the Hebrew context, the term used is "מרצע" (martzea), which signifies a sharp instrument. This act of piercing symbolizes a permanent commitment. Historically, the awl was a common tool, and its use here signifies a formal and public declaration of servitude. The act is not just physical but deeply symbolic, representing a voluntary and lifelong dedication to one's master.

and pierce it through his ear
The ear, in Hebrew "אֹזֶן" (ozen), is significant as it represents obedience and listening. By piercing the ear, the servant is making a statement of perpetual obedience and willingness to listen to and follow the master's commands. This act is a vivid illustration of the servant's choice to remain in a relationship of service, highlighting the importance of listening and obedience in the covenant relationship with God.

into the door
The door, or "דֶּלֶת" (delet) in Hebrew, serves as a boundary between the private and public spheres. Piercing the ear against the doorpost signifies a public declaration of the servant's decision. The doorpost is also reminiscent of the Passover, where the blood of the lamb was applied, symbolizing protection and covenant. Thus, this act ties the servant's commitment to the broader narrative of God's covenantal promises and protection.

and he shall be your servant for life
The phrase "servant for life" underscores the permanence of this decision. In Hebrew, "עֶבֶד" (eved) means servant or slave, but in this context, it is a willing servitude. This lifelong commitment reflects the servant's love and trust in the master's provision and care. It is a powerful metaphor for the believer's relationship with God, where one willingly submits to God's lordship out of love and gratitude.

And also do the same for your maidservant
This inclusion of the maidservant, or "אָמָה" (amah) in Hebrew, emphasizes equality in the application of this law. Both male and female servants are given the opportunity to make this lifelong commitment. It reflects the inclusive nature of God's covenant, where all are invited to enter into a relationship of service and devotion, regardless of gender. This highlights the value and dignity of every individual in the eyes of God.

Do not regard it as a hardship
The Hebrew word for "hardship" here is "קָשָׁה" (qashah), which conveys the idea of something being difficult or severe. In the context of ancient Israel, releasing a servant could be seen as a financial loss, yet God instructs His people not to view it as burdensome. This reflects a divine principle of generosity and trust in God's provision. The command challenges believers to prioritize compassion and obedience over material gain, trusting that God’s ways lead to greater blessings.

when you set your servant free
The Hebrew term for "servant" is "עֶבֶד" (eved), which can mean a servant or slave. In the context of Deuteronomy, this refers to a Hebrew servant who has served for six years and is to be released in the seventh year. This practice underscores the value of freedom and the dignity of every individual, reminding the Israelites of their own liberation from Egypt. It serves as a call to remember God's deliverance and to extend that grace to others.

because his service to you these six years
The phrase highlights the period of service, which is significant in the Hebrew context. The number six often symbolizes incompleteness, leading to the seventh year, which is a time of completion and rest. This mirrors the creation week and the Sabbath principle, emphasizing rest and renewal. The servant's six years of labor are to be appreciated and honored, reflecting a fair and just treatment of those who work for us.

has been worth twice the wages of a hired hand
This comparison to a "hired hand" (Hebrew: "שָׂכִיר" - sakir) suggests that the servant's contribution is of great value. The servant's work is not to be underestimated or undervalued. This phrase encourages a recognition of the servant's dedication and the benefits they have brought, promoting a sense of gratitude and fairness. It also implies that the servant's release is not a loss but a fulfillment of justice and righteousness.

And the LORD your God will bless you
The promise of blessing is a recurring theme in Deuteronomy, where obedience to God's commands results in divine favor. The Hebrew word for "bless" is "בָּרַךְ" (barak), which means to kneel, implying a bestowal of favor and prosperity. This assurance from God encourages believers to act in faith, knowing that God rewards those who follow His statutes. It reinforces the idea that God's economy operates on principles of generosity and trust.

in all you do
This phrase encompasses every aspect of life, suggesting that God's blessing is not limited to specific areas but is holistic. The Hebrew word "כֹּל" (kol) means "all" or "every," indicating the comprehensive nature of God's provision. This promise serves as a motivation for believers to integrate their faith into every action, trusting that God’s favor will permeate all endeavors when they align with His will.

You must set apart
The phrase "set apart" comes from the Hebrew word "qadash," which means to consecrate or make holy. In the ancient Israelite context, this act of setting apart was a physical and spiritual dedication to God, signifying that the first and best of what they had belonged to Him. This principle underscores the importance of prioritizing God in all aspects of life, recognizing His sovereignty and provision.

to the LORD your God
The use of "the LORD your God" emphasizes a personal relationship between the Israelites and Yahweh. It is a reminder that their covenant with God is not just a national or communal obligation but a personal commitment. This phrase reinforces the idea that the Israelites' actions, including the consecration of the firstborn, are acts of worship and obedience to their personal God.

every firstborn male
In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the firstborn held a place of special significance, often receiving a double portion of the inheritance. In the biblical context, the firstborn male of the herds and flocks was to be dedicated to God, symbolizing the offering of the best and the first of one's increase. This practice was a tangible expression of faith and trust in God's continued provision.

of your herds and flocks
The mention of "herds and flocks" indicates the agrarian lifestyle of the Israelites and the centrality of livestock in their economy and daily life. By dedicating the firstborn of their herds and flocks, the Israelites acknowledged God's blessing and provision in their livelihood. This act served as a reminder of their dependence on God for sustenance and prosperity.

You are not to put the firstborn of your oxen to work
This command highlights the sanctity of the firstborn, which was not to be used for ordinary labor. The oxen, often used for plowing and heavy work, were to be reserved for God, signifying that what is dedicated to God should not be used for common purposes. This principle teaches the importance of honoring what is holy and set apart for divine purposes.

or shear the firstborn of your flock
Shearing the flock was a regular activity for obtaining wool, a valuable resource. By prohibiting the shearing of the firstborn, the Israelites were reminded that the first and best of their resources were to be given to God. This act of withholding the firstborn from ordinary use served as a continual reminder of God's ownership and their role as stewards of His blessings.

Each year
This phrase emphasizes the regularity and consistency of the practice. In the Hebrew context, the word for "year" is "שָׁנָה" (shanah), which signifies a complete cycle of seasons. The annual observance underscores the importance of rhythm and routine in spiritual practices, reminding believers of the cyclical nature of life and the need for continual dedication to God.

you and your household
This phrase highlights the communal and familial aspect of worship. The Hebrew word for "household" is "בַּיִת" (bayit), which can refer to both the physical dwelling and the family unit. This inclusion of the household signifies the importance of shared faith experiences and the role of family in spiritual education and practice. It reflects the biblical principle that faith is not just an individual journey but a collective one, involving and impacting those closest to us.

are to eat it
The act of eating is central to this command, symbolizing participation and communion. In Hebrew, "אָכַל" (akal) means to consume or devour, indicating a physical act that has spiritual significance. Eating the sacrifice before the Lord is an act of fellowship and gratitude, a tangible expression of reliance on God's provision and a reminder of His sustenance.

before the LORD your God
This phrase denotes the presence and acknowledgment of God in the act of worship. The Hebrew word "פָּנִים" (panim) means "face" or "presence," suggesting a direct encounter with the divine. Worship is not merely a ritual but an intimate meeting with God, where His presence is recognized and revered. It calls believers to approach God with reverence and awe, acknowledging His sovereignty and holiness.

in the place the LORD will choose
This phrase points to the sovereignty and authority of God in determining the place of worship. The Hebrew word "מָקוֹם" (makom) means "place" or "location," and it signifies that God has a specific, chosen place for His people to gather and worship. Historically, this referred to the tabernacle and later the temple in Jerusalem. It underscores the idea that worship is not just about the act itself but also about obedience to God's directives and the sacredness of the designated place.

But if an animal has a defect
The Hebrew word for "defect" is "מום" (mum), which refers to any physical imperfection or blemish. In the ancient Israelite context, offerings to God were to be without blemish, symbolizing purity and perfection. This requirement underscores the holiness of God and the need for offerings to reflect His perfect nature. Theologically, it points to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who was without sin or defect, fulfilling the law's requirement for a perfect offering.

is lame or blind
The terms "lame" and "blind" are specific examples of defects that would disqualify an animal from being sacrificed. In Hebrew, "lame" is "פסח" (piseah) and "blind" is "עִוֵּר" (iwer). These physical conditions symbolize spiritual shortcomings and imperfections. In a broader sense, they remind believers of the need for spiritual wholeness and the pursuit of holiness in their walk with God. The emphasis on physical perfection in sacrifices foreshadows the spiritual perfection required in Christ, who heals our spiritual lameness and blindness.

or has any serious flaw
The phrase "serious flaw" translates from the Hebrew "דָּבָר רָע" (dabar ra), meaning any significant imperfection or evil thing. This broadens the scope of disqualifying defects, emphasizing that God requires the best and most perfect offerings. It reflects the principle that worship and offerings to God should come from a place of reverence and respect, giving Him the honor due His name. This principle challenges believers to examine their own lives and offerings to God, ensuring they are not marred by sin or half-heartedness.

you must not sacrifice it to the LORD your God
The command "you must not sacrifice" is a direct instruction, highlighting the seriousness of offering only what is perfect to God. The Hebrew verb "תִּזְבַּח" (tizbach) is in the imperative form, indicating a non-negotiable requirement. This reflects God's unchanging standard of holiness and the need for His people to approach Him with reverence and awe. The phrase "to the LORD your God" personalizes the relationship, reminding the Israelites that their worship is directed to Yahweh, their covenant God. It calls believers today to offer their lives as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, as an act of spiritual worship (Romans 12:1).

You are to eat it within your gates
This phrase refers to the consumption of certain animals that were not suitable for sacrifice due to blemishes or other imperfections. The Hebrew word for "gates" (שַׁעַר, sha'ar) signifies the entrance to a city or town, often representing the community or household. In ancient Israel, the city gate was a place of gathering, judgment, and commerce. Eating "within your gates" implies that these animals, though not fit for the altar, were still permissible for personal consumption within the community. This reflects God's provision and care, ensuring that nothing is wasted and that all members of the community, regardless of their ritual purity, can partake in the blessings of sustenance.

both the unclean and the clean may eat it
The distinction between "unclean" (טָמֵא, tamei) and "clean" (טָהוֹר, tahor) is central to the Levitical laws. Here, the terms do not refer to the animals themselves but to the people consuming them. In the context of ancient Israel, "unclean" could mean ritually impure due to various reasons, such as contact with a corpse or certain bodily discharges. The allowance for both unclean and clean individuals to eat these animals underscores the inclusivity of God's provision. It highlights a practical aspect of the law, where the focus is on community sustenance rather than ritual exclusion. This provision foreshadows the New Testament teaching that in Christ, the barriers of ritual purity are transcended, emphasizing the unity and equality of all believers.

as they would a gazelle or deer
The comparison to a "gazelle" (צְבִי, tsevi) or "deer" (אַיָּל, ayal) is significant. These animals were considered clean and could be eaten, but they were not used in sacrificial offerings. The mention of these animals serves as a reminder of the distinction between what is sacred and what is common. In the ancient Near Eastern context, gazelles and deer were often hunted for food, symbolizing God's abundant provision in the natural world. This analogy reinforces the idea that while certain animals are not suitable for the altar, they are still part of God's good creation and can be enjoyed as part of daily life. It reflects a theology of gratitude and stewardship, where all of creation is seen as a gift from God to be used wisely and joyfully.

But you must not eat the blood
The phrase "you must not eat the blood" is a direct command from God, emphasizing the sanctity of life. In Hebrew, the word for blood is "דָּם" (dam), which is often associated with life itself, as seen in Leviticus 17:11, "For the life of the flesh is in the blood." This prohibition is rooted in the understanding that life belongs to God, and consuming blood would be akin to consuming life itself, which is reserved for God alone. Historically, this command set the Israelites apart from surrounding nations, many of whom practiced rituals involving the consumption of blood. This distinction underscored Israel's unique covenant relationship with God and their call to holiness.

pour it on the ground like water
The instruction to "pour it on the ground like water" signifies a respectful return of life to the earth, acknowledging God's sovereignty over life and death. In ancient Israelite culture, this act was a form of ritual purification, ensuring that the people remained ceremonially clean. The imagery of pouring blood "like water" suggests an act of humility and obedience, recognizing that life flows from and returns to God. Archaeological findings have shown that such practices were common in ancient Israel, reflecting a deep reverence for God's commandments. This act also served as a reminder of the sacrificial system, where blood was a key element in atonement rituals, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose blood would be poured out for the redemption of humanity.