The word of the LORD
This phrase signifies divine communication, a hallmark of prophetic literature. In Hebrew, "word" is "dabar," which implies not just spoken words but also actions and events. The "word of the LORD" is a powerful, creative force, as seen in Genesis where God speaks creation into existence. This underscores the authority and reliability of the message Ezekiel is about to deliver. It is not merely human opinion but a divine revelation, emphasizing the sovereignty of God in guiding His people.

came to me
The phrase "came to me" indicates a personal and direct encounter with the divine. In Hebrew, the verb "came" is "hayah," which can also mean "to happen" or "to become." This suggests that the word of the LORD is not static but dynamic, actively engaging with the prophet. It highlights the intimate relationship between God and His prophets, where God chooses specific individuals to convey His messages. This personal aspect assures the audience of the authenticity and urgency of the prophecy.

saying
The word "saying" introduces the content of the divine message. In Hebrew, "amar" is used, which means to speak, declare, or command. This indicates that what follows is not a suggestion but a declaration from God. It sets the stage for the prophetic message, demanding attention and response. The use of "saying" also implies continuity, as God's communication with His people is ongoing, reflecting His unchanging nature and His desire to guide, correct, and comfort His people throughout history.

Son of man
The phrase "Son of man" is a frequent designation for Ezekiel, used over 90 times in the book. In Hebrew, it is "ben adam," which literally means "son of Adam" or "son of humanity." This term emphasizes Ezekiel's humanity and his role as a representative of the people. It underscores the prophet's connection to the human condition, highlighting his role as a mediator between God and Israel. The use of this phrase also foreshadows the New Testament usage where Jesus often refers to Himself as the "Son of Man," linking the prophetic mission of Ezekiel to the ultimate mission of Christ.

prophesy
The Hebrew word for "prophesy" is "naba," which means to speak or sing by inspiration, often with the implication of divine influence. In the context of Ezekiel, prophesying involves delivering messages from God to the people, often concerning judgment and redemption. This act of prophesying is not merely about predicting the future but is a call to repentance and a declaration of God's sovereign plans. It is a reminder of the power and authority of God's word, which is active and transformative.

and declare
The word "declare" in Hebrew is "amar," which means to say, speak, or utter. This term emphasizes the act of making known or proclaiming a message. In the prophetic context, it involves the clear and authoritative communication of God's will. The use of "declare" alongside "prophesy" reinforces the urgency and importance of the message Ezekiel is to deliver. It is a call to attention, urging the audience to listen and respond to God's word.

that this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase establishes the divine origin and authority of the message. "The Lord GOD" in Hebrew is "Adonai Yahweh," combining the titles of Lord (Adonai) and the personal name of God (Yahweh). This combination emphasizes both the sovereignty and the covenantal relationship God has with His people. The phrase "this is what the Lord GOD says" is a prophetic formula that assures the audience that the message is not from the prophet's own imagination but is a direct revelation from God. It underscores the seriousness and reliability of the prophecy.

Wail
The Hebrew word for "wail" is "yalal," which means to howl or lament. This term is often used in the context of mourning or expressing deep sorrow. In Ezekiel's prophecy, the call to wail is a response to impending judgment and disaster. It is an invitation to recognize the gravity of the situation and to express genuine grief over sin and its consequences. The act of wailing is both a personal and communal expression of repentance and a plea for mercy.

Alas for that day!
The phrase "Alas for that day!" conveys a sense of impending doom and urgency. "Alas" is an expression of lamentation and distress, while "that day" refers to a specific time of judgment. In the prophetic literature, "the day" often signifies the "Day of the Lord," a time when God intervenes in history to execute judgment and bring about His purposes. This phrase serves as a warning and a call to prepare for the coming judgment, urging the people to turn back to God in repentance and faith.

For the day is near
The phrase "For the day is near" emphasizes the imminence of God's intervention. In Hebrew, the word for "day" is "yom," which can signify a literal day or a period of time marked by a significant event. Here, it underscores the urgency and certainty of God's impending judgment. Historically, this reflects the prophetic tradition where prophets warned of coming divine actions. The nearness of the day serves as a call to repentance and readiness, reminding believers of the ever-present reality of God's sovereign timeline.

the day of the LORD is near—
"The day of the LORD" is a recurring theme in prophetic literature, denoting a time when God will decisively act in history to judge and save. The Hebrew term "Yom Yahweh" conveys both dread and hope, as it is a day of reckoning for the wicked and deliverance for the faithful. This duality is crucial in understanding the prophetic message: it is both a warning and a promise. The repetition of "is near" reinforces the urgency and certainty of this divine intervention, urging believers to live in anticipation of God's righteous judgment.

a day of clouds
The imagery of "a day of clouds" evokes a sense of foreboding and obscurity. In biblical symbolism, clouds often represent God's presence and majesty, as seen in the Exodus narrative where God led the Israelites by a pillar of cloud. However, they can also signify judgment and calamity, as clouds obscure the sun and bring storms. This dual symbolism highlights the complexity of God's actions—His presence brings both protection and judgment. For the nations, it is a time of impending doom, but for the faithful, it is a reminder of God's sovereign control over creation.

a time of doom for the nations
The phrase "a time of doom for the nations" underscores the universal scope of God's judgment. The Hebrew word for "doom" is "tsofeh," which can mean a watchman or a time of calamity. This suggests that the nations are under divine scrutiny, and their actions have led to inevitable consequences. Historically, this reflects the geopolitical realities of Ezekiel's time, where empires rose and fell under God's sovereign hand. For contemporary believers, it serves as a reminder of God's justice and the ultimate accountability of all nations before Him. It calls for humility and trust in God's righteous governance of the world.

A sword will come against Egypt
The phrase "A sword" symbolizes impending judgment and warfare. In the Hebrew context, the sword often represents divine retribution. Egypt, a powerful nation in the ancient world, is here depicted as vulnerable to God's judgment. Historically, Egypt was a dominant force, but this prophecy foretells its downfall, emphasizing that no earthly power is beyond God's reach.

and there will be anguish in Cush
"Cush" refers to the region south of Egypt, often associated with modern-day Sudan. The "anguish" signifies the widespread impact of Egypt's downfall, affecting neighboring nations. This highlights the interconnectedness of nations and the far-reaching consequences of divine judgment. Cush's distress underscores the theme of God's sovereignty over all nations.

When the slain fall in Egypt
The imagery of "the slain" falling conveys the severity of the coming destruction. It is a vivid depiction of the loss of life and the chaos that ensues when a nation faces divine judgment. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the reality of His justice.

her wealth will be carried away
The phrase "her wealth" indicates the material prosperity of Egypt, which was renowned for its riches and resources. The carrying away of wealth signifies not only economic ruin but also the stripping away of what the nation relied upon for security and pride. This reflects the biblical principle that earthly treasures are fleeting and should not be the foundation of one's trust.

and her foundations torn down
"Her foundations" symbolize the core structures and systems that uphold a nation. The tearing down of these foundations represents a complete and utter collapse, not just physically but also socially and politically. This serves as a powerful metaphor for the fragility of human institutions when they stand in opposition to God's will. It is a call to build one's life on the solid foundation of faith in God, rather than on the shifting sands of worldly power and wealth.

Cush
Cush refers to the region south of Egypt, often associated with modern-day Sudan and Ethiopia. In the Hebrew Bible, Cush is frequently mentioned as a powerful and influential nation. The inclusion of Cush in this prophecy highlights the far-reaching impact of God's judgment, extending beyond Egypt to its allies and neighbors. Historically, Cush was known for its military prowess and wealth, making its downfall a significant event.

Put
Put is generally identified with the region west of Egypt, possibly corresponding to modern-day Libya. The mention of Put in this context underscores the comprehensive nature of the judgment against Egypt and its allies. Put's inclusion signifies the widespread influence of Egypt and the interconnectedness of these ancient nations through trade and military alliances.

Lud
Lud is often associated with the Lydians, an ancient people located in what is now western Turkey. The reference to Lud in this prophecy suggests the extensive reach of Egypt's influence and the broad scope of the impending judgment. Historically, the Lydians were known for their skills in archery and warfare, which adds to the gravity of their inclusion in this list of nations facing divine retribution.

all the mixed tribes
This phrase likely refers to various ethnic groups and mercenaries that were part of Egypt's military and social fabric. The presence of these mixed tribes indicates the diversity within Egypt's sphere of influence and the widespread nature of the judgment. It reflects the historical reality of Egypt as a melting pot of cultures and peoples, drawn by its wealth and power.

and Libya
Libya, located to the west of Egypt, was another significant ally and neighbor. The mention of Libya emphasizes the regional impact of the prophecy, as Libya was often involved in military and political alliances with Egypt. Historically, Libya was known for its fierce warriors and strategic importance, making its downfall a notable aspect of the prophecy.

and the sons of the land of the covenant
This phrase is intriguing as it may refer to the Israelites or other groups with whom Egypt had treaties or agreements. The "land of the covenant" could symbolize those who were in a special relationship with God or had agreements with Egypt. This inclusion highlights the betrayal and broken alliances that accompany the judgment, reminding readers of the importance of faithfulness to God's covenant.

will fall by the sword
The phrase "will fall by the sword" is a common biblical expression denoting violent death in battle. It signifies the severity and inevitability of the judgment decreed by God. The sword is often a symbol of divine justice and retribution, emphasizing that the downfall of these nations is a direct result of their actions and God's righteous judgment.

along with Egypt
The phrase "along with Egypt" ties the fate of these nations to that of Egypt, the central focus of the prophecy. Egypt, a symbol of worldly power and opposition to God's people, serves as a warning to all nations that defy God's authority. The collective downfall serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of pride and rebellion against God, urging readers to seek humility and obedience.

This is what the LORD says
This phrase underscores the divine authority behind the message. In Hebrew, "LORD" is "YHWH," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction serves as a reminder that the prophecy is not merely Ezekiel's words but a direct communication from God, demanding attention and reverence.

Those who support Egypt will fall
The Hebrew word for "support" can also mean to lean on or rely upon. This indicates that those who place their trust in Egypt, whether for military alliance or political strength, will find their foundation crumbling. Historically, Egypt was a significant power, often seen as a refuge or ally. However, this prophecy warns against misplaced trust in human power rather than in God.

and her proud strength will collapse
"Proud strength" refers to Egypt's self-reliance and arrogance. The Hebrew root for "proud" conveys a sense of haughtiness or exaltation. Egypt's confidence in its own might and resources is portrayed as misplaced. The imagery of collapse suggests a sudden and complete downfall, a humbling of what was once considered unassailable.

from Migdol to Syene
These locations mark the northern and southern extremities of Egypt, respectively. Migdol, near the northeastern border, and Syene, near the southern border (modern-day Aswan), represent the entirety of the nation. This phrase indicates that the judgment will be comprehensive, affecting all of Egypt without exception.

they will fall within her by the sword
The "sword" is a common biblical symbol for war and divine judgment. The Hebrew term used here often signifies not just physical warfare but also the execution of God's justice. The phrase suggests that the downfall will be violent and decisive, a direct consequence of divine intervention.

declares the Lord GOD
This closing affirmation, with "Lord GOD" translating "Adonai YHWH," reinforces the certainty and authority of the prophecy. It is a solemn declaration that what has been spoken will undoubtedly come to pass, underscoring God's sovereignty over nations and history.

They will be desolate
The Hebrew word for "desolate" is "שָׁמֵם" (shamem), which conveys a sense of utter devastation and emptiness. In the context of Ezekiel, this desolation is a divine judgment against Egypt and its allies. Historically, this reflects the period when Egypt, once a powerful empire, faced invasions and internal strife, leading to its decline. Spiritually, this serves as a warning of the consequences of turning away from God, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness and obedience.

among desolate lands
The repetition of "desolate" underscores the totality of the destruction. The phrase suggests that Egypt's desolation is not isolated but part of a broader judgment affecting the surrounding nations. This can be seen as a fulfillment of God's prophetic word through Ezekiel, highlighting the interconnectedness of nations and the ripple effects of divine judgment. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over all lands and His ability to humble even the mightiest of empires.

and their cities
The term "cities" (עָרִים, arim) refers to the urban centers that were the heart of Egyptian civilization. These cities were not only political and economic hubs but also centers of idolatry and false worship. The mention of cities being affected indicates the comprehensive nature of the judgment, impacting every aspect of society. This reflects the biblical theme that no place is immune to God's righteous judgment when it turns away from His statutes.

will lie among ruined cities
The imagery of cities lying in ruins paints a vivid picture of destruction and abandonment. The Hebrew root for "ruined" (חָרֵב, charev) suggests a state of being laid waste or destroyed. This phrase emphasizes the permanence of the judgment, as these once-thriving cities become indistinguishable from other ruins. Historically, this aligns with archaeological findings of ancient cities that were once vibrant but now lie in ruins, serving as a testament to the accuracy of biblical prophecy.

Then they will know
This phrase is a recurring theme throughout the book of Ezekiel, emphasizing the ultimate recognition of God's sovereignty. The Hebrew root for "know" is "yada," which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual awareness. In the context of Ezekiel, it often refers to the realization of God's power and authority through His acts of judgment and mercy. Historically, this acknowledgment comes after a period of rebellion and idolatry, serving as a divine revelation to both Israel and the surrounding nations.

that I am the LORD
The declaration "I am the LORD" is a profound assertion of God's identity and authority. The Hebrew name for God here is "YHWH," often rendered as "LORD" in English translations. This name is deeply significant, representing God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with Israel. In the historical context of Ezekiel, this statement underscores God's ultimate control over the events unfolding, including the judgment upon Egypt and other nations. It serves as a reminder of His faithfulness to His promises and His righteous character.

When I set fire to Egypt
The imagery of setting fire is symbolic of judgment and purification. Fire in the biblical context often represents God's holy presence and His purifying judgment. The historical context here refers to the impending judgment upon Egypt, a nation that had been a source of false security for Israel. This judgment is both literal and metaphorical, indicating the destruction of Egypt's power and influence. Archaeologically, evidence of such destruction aligns with the invasions and turmoil in Egypt during the period of Ezekiel's prophecies.

and all her helpers are shattered
The phrase "all her helpers are shattered" indicates the complete and utter defeat of Egypt's allies and those who relied on her strength. The Hebrew word for "helpers" can also mean supporters or confederates, suggesting a network of alliances that Egypt had formed. Historically, Egypt was a dominant power with many vassal states and allies. The shattering of these helpers signifies the total collapse of Egypt's political and military power, leaving her isolated and vulnerable. This serves as a powerful reminder of the futility of relying on human alliances instead of trusting in the LORD.

On that day
This phrase often signifies a specific time of divine intervention or judgment in biblical prophecy. In the context of Ezekiel, "that day" refers to the impending judgment upon Egypt, a significant event orchestrated by God. The Hebrew term "yom" (day) is frequently used in prophetic literature to denote a time when God's purposes are fulfilled, emphasizing the certainty and divine orchestration of the events described.

messengers will go out from Me
The messengers are agents of God's will, sent to carry out His divine plan. The Hebrew word for "messengers" is "mal'akhim," which can also mean angels or envoys. This highlights the authority and divine backing behind their mission. The phrase underscores God's sovereignty, as He is the one sending these messengers, indicating that the events to follow are part of His divine decree.

in ships
The use of ships suggests a swift and far-reaching dissemination of the message. In the ancient world, ships were a primary means of long-distance travel and communication, especially across the Mediterranean and along the Nile. This imagery conveys the idea that God's message of judgment will reach distant lands, emphasizing the widespread impact of His actions.

to frighten Cush out of complacency
Cush, often identified with the region south of Egypt, including modern-day Sudan and Ethiopia, is depicted as being complacent or secure in its position. The Hebrew root "batach" implies a false sense of security. The message is intended to awaken Cush from its complacency, highlighting the far-reaching consequences of Egypt's downfall and the interconnectedness of nations in the ancient Near East.

Anguish will take hold of them
The term "anguish" reflects a deep, overwhelming distress. The Hebrew word "chiyl" conveys the idea of writhing or trembling, often associated with the pain of childbirth. This imagery powerfully communicates the intensity of the fear and turmoil that will grip the people as they witness the unfolding of God's judgment.

on the day of Egypt’s doom
Egypt's doom is a central theme in this passage, representing the culmination of God's judgment against a nation that had long been a symbol of worldly power and opposition to God's people. The Hebrew word "eyd" (doom) signifies a calamity or disaster, underscoring the severity of the judgment. This serves as a reminder of the ultimate futility of opposing God's will.

For it is indeed coming
This phrase reaffirms the certainty of the prophesied events. The Hebrew word "bo" (coming) is used to emphasize the inevitability and imminence of God's judgment. It serves as a call to heed the warning and recognize the authority of God, who controls the course of history and brings His plans to fruition. This assurance of fulfillment is meant to inspire awe and reverence for God's power and justice.

This is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase emphasizes the divine authority and certainty of the message. The Hebrew term for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," which underscores God's sovereignty and covenantal relationship with His people. It is a reminder that the words spoken are not merely human predictions but divine declarations, carrying the weight and assurance of God's unchanging nature and His ultimate control over history.

I will put an end
The phrase signifies a decisive action by God. The Hebrew root "shavath" conveys the idea of ceasing or bringing to a halt. This is not a temporary setback for Egypt but a complete cessation of its power and influence. It reflects God's ability to alter the course of nations and serves as a warning of the consequences of pride and idolatry.

to the hordes of Egypt
The term "hordes" refers to the multitude or vast armies of Egypt. Historically, Egypt was known for its military might and numerous forces. The Hebrew word "hamon" can also imply a noisy multitude, suggesting the bustling power and pride of Egypt. God's judgment on these "hordes" illustrates His power over even the greatest earthly powers and His ability to humble those who exalt themselves.

by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon
This phrase identifies the instrument of God's judgment. Nebuchadnezzar, a historical figure, was the king of Babylon, known for his military conquests and the expansion of the Babylonian Empire. The phrase "by the hand of" indicates that Nebuchadnezzar is an agent used by God to accomplish His purposes. This highlights the theme of God's sovereignty, where even pagan kings are under His control and can be used to fulfill His divine plans. It serves as a reminder that God can use any means to bring about His will, and His purposes will ultimately prevail.

He and his army
This phrase refers to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and his formidable military forces. Historically, Babylon was known for its powerful and disciplined army, which was instrumental in the expansion of the Babylonian Empire. The Hebrew word for "army" here is "חַיִל" (chayil), which can also mean strength or valor, emphasizing the might and capability of this force. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a representation of God's sovereignty, using even pagan nations to fulfill His divine purposes.

the most ruthless of nations
The Babylonians are described as "the most ruthless," highlighting their reputation for brutality and mercilessness in warfare. The Hebrew word "עַז" (az) conveys a sense of fierceness and strength. This description serves as a warning of the severity of God's judgment upon Egypt, illustrating that God can use even the harshest of instruments to execute His will. It reminds believers of the seriousness of sin and the inevitable justice of God.

will be brought in
This phrase indicates divine orchestration. The passive construction suggests that it is God who is orchestrating these events, bringing the Babylonians into Egypt as an instrument of His judgment. The Hebrew verb "בּוֹא" (bo) means to come or to bring, emphasizing that this is not merely a political maneuver but a divinely ordained action. It reassures believers that God is in control of history and that His plans are ultimately for the fulfillment of His purposes.

to destroy the land
The purpose of the Babylonian invasion is clearly stated: to destroy. The Hebrew word "שָׁחַת" (shachat) means to ruin or corrupt, indicating total devastation. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. In a broader theological context, it underscores the theme of divine retribution and the importance of remaining faithful to God's covenant.

They will draw their swords against Egypt
The imagery of drawing swords signifies preparation for battle and impending violence. The sword is often a symbol of judgment in the Bible. The Hebrew word "חֶרֶב" (cherev) is used here, which can also denote a tool of divine justice. This phrase highlights the certainty and imminence of the judgment against Egypt, serving as a warning to all nations of the consequences of pride and idolatry.

and fill the land with the slain
This phrase paints a vivid picture of the aftermath of Babylon's invasion. The Hebrew word "חָלָל" (chalal) refers to the slain or wounded, emphasizing the extent of the destruction. It serves as a stark reminder of the cost of rebellion against God. For believers, it is a call to repentance and a reminder of the hope found in God's mercy and redemption through Christ, who offers life in place of death.

I will dry up the streams of the Nile
This phrase speaks to the divine intervention and control over nature, specifically the Nile River, which was the lifeblood of Egypt. The Hebrew root for "dry up" is "yabash," which conveys a sense of desolation and barrenness. Historically, the Nile was central to Egyptian agriculture, economy, and daily life. By declaring that He will dry up the Nile, God is asserting His power over Egypt's most vital resource, symbolizing the impending judgment and the futility of relying on earthly resources over divine providence.

and sell the land into the hands of the wicked
The phrase "sell the land" suggests a transfer of ownership and control, indicating that God will allow foreign powers to dominate Egypt. The Hebrew word "makar" for "sell" implies a transaction or exchange, often used in contexts of judgment or punishment. The "wicked" refers to those who do not follow God's ways, possibly indicating foreign invaders or oppressive rulers. This serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the sovereignty He holds over nations.

I will bring desolation upon the land and everything in it
"Desolation" in Hebrew is "shammah," which conveys utter ruin and devastation. This phrase underscores the totality of the judgment that God will bring upon Egypt. The historical context reveals that Egypt, once a powerful empire, would face significant decline and hardship. This serves as a warning of the consequences of pride and self-reliance, emphasizing the need for humility and dependence on God.

by the hand of foreigners
The "hand of foreigners" indicates that God will use external forces to execute His judgment. The Hebrew word "yad" for "hand" often symbolizes power or means. This phrase highlights the theme of God using nations as instruments of His will, demonstrating His control over world events. It serves as a reminder that God can use any means to fulfill His purposes, and His plans are beyond human understanding.

I, the LORD, have spoken
This declaration affirms the certainty and authority of God's word. The use of "I, the LORD" emphasizes His identity as Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God of Israel. The phrase "have spoken" underscores the finality and unchangeable nature of His pronouncements. It serves as a powerful reminder of the trustworthiness of God's promises and the assurance that His words will come to pass. This calls believers to faith and obedience, recognizing the ultimate authority of God in all matters.

This is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase underscores the authority and divine origin of the prophecy. The Hebrew term for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," emphasizing God's sovereignty and covenantal relationship with His people. It is a reminder that the message is not from Ezekiel himself but from God, who is both the ultimate authority and the faithful keeper of His promises.

I will destroy the idols
The Hebrew word for "idols" is "gillulim," often used in a derogatory sense to describe false gods. This reflects God's disdain for idolatry, which was rampant in Egypt. The destruction of idols signifies God's power over false deities and His commitment to purifying His people from idolatrous influences. Historically, Egypt was known for its pantheon of gods, and this prophecy foretells a divine intervention that would challenge the spiritual strongholds of the nation.

and put an end to the images in Memphis
Memphis was a significant city in ancient Egypt, known for its religious and cultural influence. The "images" refer to the statues and representations of Egyptian gods. The Hebrew word "tselem" for "images" indicates physical representations that were objects of worship. By targeting Memphis, God is striking at the heart of Egyptian idolatry, demonstrating His supremacy over the nation's spiritual and cultural centers.

There will no longer be a prince in Egypt
The term "prince" in Hebrew is "nasi," which can refer to a leader or ruler. This prophecy indicates a political upheaval, suggesting that Egypt's leadership will be destabilized. Historically, Egypt experienced periods of political fragmentation and foreign domination, aligning with this prophecy. The removal of a prince symbolizes the end of human authority that opposes God's will, highlighting God's control over nations and rulers.

and I will instill fear in the land of Egypt
The Hebrew word for "fear" is "yirah," which can denote terror or reverence. In this context, it suggests a divine-induced terror that would grip the nation. This fear is a consequence of God's judgment and serves as a tool for turning people back to Him. The historical context of invasions and natural disasters in Egypt could be seen as fulfillments of this prophecy, where fear led to a recognition of God's power and sovereignty.

I will lay waste Pathros
The phrase "I will lay waste Pathros" refers to God's judgment upon the region of Pathros, which is in Upper Egypt. The Hebrew word for "lay waste" is "שָׁמֵם" (shamem), which conveys a sense of desolation and ruin. This reflects God's sovereign power to bring about judgment and desolation as a consequence of sin. Pathros, being a significant part of Egypt, symbolizes the broader judgment upon the nation. Historically, Pathros was known for its cultural and economic significance, and its desolation would have been a powerful statement of divine judgment.

set fire to Zoan
"Set fire to Zoan" indicates a divine act of destruction upon the city of Zoan, known in Hebrew as "צֹעַן" (Tso'an). Zoan was an ancient city in the Nile Delta, often associated with wisdom and power in Egypt. The imagery of fire suggests complete destruction and purification, a common biblical metaphor for judgment. This act signifies the dismantling of human pride and wisdom that stands in opposition to God's will.

execute judgment on Thebes
The phrase "execute judgment on Thebes" highlights God's intention to bring justice to the city of Thebes, known in Hebrew as "נֹא אָמוֹן" (No Amon). Thebes was a major city in Egypt, renowned for its grandeur and as a center of worship for the god Amon. The execution of judgment here underscores the theme of divine retribution against idolatry and false worship. Historically, Thebes was a symbol of Egyptian power and religious influence, and its judgment would have been seen as a direct challenge to the false gods of Egypt.

I will pour out My wrath
The phrase "I will pour out My wrath" signifies a deliberate and intense expression of divine judgment. The Hebrew word for "wrath" here is "חֵמָה" (chemah), which conveys a sense of heat or fury. This imagery of pouring out suggests an overwhelming and unstoppable force, akin to a flood. In the biblical context, God's wrath is not arbitrary but a response to persistent sin and rebellion. It serves as a reminder of God's holiness and justice, emphasizing that He is not indifferent to the actions of nations or individuals.

on Pelusium
Pelusium, known in Hebrew as "סִין" (Sin), was a significant city in ancient Egypt, located near the eastern mouth of the Nile River. It was often referred to as the "key of Egypt" due to its strategic military importance. Historically, Pelusium was a site of many battles and invasions, serving as a gateway for those entering Egypt from the east. The mention of Pelusium highlights the precision of God's judgment, targeting specific locations that symbolize the strength and pride of a nation.

the stronghold of Egypt
The term "stronghold" refers to a fortified place, a bastion of security and defense. In Hebrew, the word used is "מָעוֹז" (ma'oz), which can also mean refuge or fortress. Egypt, with its rich history and powerful military, was often seen as a symbol of earthly strength and reliance on human power. By targeting Egypt's stronghold, God demonstrates that no earthly power can withstand His divine will. This serves as a caution against placing trust in human institutions rather than in God.

and cut off the crowds of Thebes
The phrase "cut off" indicates a decisive and complete action. The Hebrew verb "כָּרַת" (karath) means to cut down or destroy. Thebes, known in Hebrew as "נֹא אָמוֹן" (No Amon), was a major city in Upper Egypt, renowned for its wealth, grandeur, and as a center of worship for the god Amun. The "crowds" refer to the multitude of inhabitants and possibly the throngs of worshippers. The destruction of Thebes signifies the fall of a cultural and religious hub, underscoring the futility of idolatry and the transient nature of human glory. This serves as a powerful reminder of the sovereignty of God over all nations and the ultimate accountability of humanity to Him.

I will set fire to Egypt
This phrase signifies God's judgment upon Egypt, a nation that had long been a symbol of worldly power and idolatry. The Hebrew word for "fire" (אֵשׁ, 'esh) often represents divine judgment and purification. In the biblical context, fire is a tool of God to cleanse and to execute justice. Historically, Egypt was a powerful empire, but this prophecy foretells its downfall, emphasizing that no earthly power can withstand the sovereignty of God.

Pelusium will writhe in anguish
Pelusium, known as "Sin" in Hebrew (סִין), was a key fortress city in Egypt, strategically located at the eastern edge of the Nile Delta. The phrase "writhe in anguish" suggests intense suffering and turmoil. The Hebrew root for "writhe" (חִיל, chil) conveys the idea of trembling or being in labor pains, indicating a profound and unavoidable distress. This imagery underscores the totality of God's judgment, affecting even the most fortified places.

Thebes will be taken by storm
Thebes, referred to as "No" in Hebrew (נֹא), was a major city in Upper Egypt, renowned for its wealth and grandeur. The phrase "taken by storm" implies a sudden and overwhelming conquest. The Hebrew root for "storm" (סוּפָה, suphah) can also mean a whirlwind, symbolizing the swift and unstoppable nature of God's judgment. Historically, Thebes was indeed conquered multiple times, fulfilling this prophecy and demonstrating the accuracy of God's word.

Memphis will be in constant distress
Memphis, known as "Noph" in Hebrew (נֹף), was another significant city in ancient Egypt, serving as a political and cultural center. The phrase "constant distress" indicates ongoing suffering and instability. The Hebrew word for "distress" (צָרָה, tsarah) conveys a sense of tightness or pressure, reflecting the relentless nature of the calamities that would befall Memphis. This serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and relying on human strength.

The young men of On and Pi-beseth
This phrase refers to the inhabitants of two significant cities in ancient Egypt. "On," also known as Heliopolis, was a major center of worship for the sun god Ra. The Hebrew name "On" is derived from the Egyptian "Iunu," meaning "pillar" or "pillar city," reflecting its religious significance. "Pi-beseth," identified with the city of Bubastis, was a center for the worship of the goddess Bastet. The mention of "young men" highlights the strength and vitality of these cities, which would be decimated by the coming judgment. Historically, these cities were known for their cultural and religious influence, and their downfall signifies the collapse of Egypt's spiritual and societal structures.

will fall by the sword
This phrase indicates a violent and decisive defeat. The "sword" is a common biblical symbol for warfare and divine judgment. In the Hebrew context, the sword often represents God's instrument of justice against nations that have turned away from His commandments. The fall of these young men by the sword underscores the severity of God's judgment against Egypt, a nation that had long been an adversary of Israel. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of idolatry and rebellion against God.

and those cities will go into captivity
The phrase "will go into captivity" suggests a complete subjugation and loss of freedom. In the ancient Near Eastern context, captivity often involved the deportation of a city's inhabitants to foreign lands, stripping them of their identity and autonomy. This fate for On and Pi-beseth symbolizes the totality of God's judgment, not just in physical destruction but in the dismantling of their societal and cultural identity. Scripturally, captivity is frequently used as a metaphor for spiritual bondage, emphasizing the need for repentance and return to God. The historical context of this prophecy aligns with the broader narrative of God's sovereignty over nations and His ultimate plan for redemption through judgment.

The day will be darkened
This phrase signifies a time of judgment and calamity. In the Hebrew context, darkness often symbolizes distress, divine judgment, or the absence of God's favor. The imagery of a darkened day suggests a significant and ominous event, reflecting God's intervention in human affairs. Historically, darkness as a metaphor is used throughout the Bible to denote times when nations or individuals face the consequences of their actions, particularly when they have turned away from God.

in Tehaphnehes
Tehaphnehes, also known as Tahpanhes, was an important city in ancient Egypt, located in the eastern Nile Delta. It served as a strategic military and trade location. Archaeological findings have confirmed its significance during the time of the prophet Ezekiel. The mention of Tehaphnehes highlights the specific and localized nature of God's judgment, indicating that even the strongholds of powerful nations are not beyond His reach.

when I break the yoke of Egypt there
The "yoke" symbolizes oppression and subjugation. In the Hebrew tradition, breaking a yoke represents liberation and the end of tyranny. God's declaration of breaking Egypt's yoke signifies the dismantling of its power and influence. Historically, Egypt was a dominant force, often oppressing neighboring nations, including Israel. This phrase reassures the faithful that God will ultimately deliver them from their oppressors.

Her proud strength will cease within her
"Proud strength" refers to Egypt's arrogance and reliance on its military and economic power. The cessation of this strength indicates a humbling of the nation. Biblically, pride is often condemned, and nations or individuals who exalt themselves are brought low by God's sovereign will. This serves as a reminder of the futility of human pride in the face of divine authority.

a cloud will cover her
The imagery of a cloud covering Egypt suggests impending doom and obscurity. In biblical literature, clouds can symbolize God's presence, but here they denote judgment and the overshadowing of Egypt's glory. This metaphor indicates that Egypt's future is uncertain and bleak, as the nation will be enveloped in the consequences of its actions.

and her daughters will go into captivity
"Daughters" here likely refers to the cities or people of Egypt. Captivity is a recurring theme in the Bible, often representing the consequences of sin and rebellion against God. The mention of captivity underscores the totality of Egypt's downfall, as its people will be taken away from their homeland. This serves as a sobering reminder of the cost of defying God's will and the ultimate justice that He administers.

So I will execute judgment on Egypt
This phrase underscores God's sovereign authority and His role as the ultimate judge over nations. The Hebrew word for "execute" is "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to do, make, or accomplish. It implies a deliberate and purposeful action by God. The term "judgment" is "מִשְׁפָּט" (mishpat), which refers to a legal decision or verdict. In the context of ancient Israel, Egypt was a powerful nation often seen as a symbol of worldly strength and opposition to God's people. This judgment signifies God's power to humble even the mightiest of nations, reminding us that no earthly power can stand against His divine will.

and they will know that I am the LORD
This phrase is a recurring theme in the book of Ezekiel, emphasizing the recognition of God's sovereignty and identity. The Hebrew word for "know" is "יָדַע" (yada), which implies an intimate understanding or acknowledgment. The phrase "I am the LORD" uses the divine name "YHWH" (Yahweh), which is God's covenant name with Israel. This acknowledgment is not just intellectual but relational, calling for a recognition of God's authority and a return to covenant faithfulness. Historically, this serves as a reminder that God's actions in history are meant to reveal His character and lead people to a deeper relationship with Him.

When I pour out My wrath on Egypt
The imagery of "pouring out" is significant, suggesting an overwhelming and unstoppable force. The Hebrew word "שָׁפַךְ" (shaphak) means to spill or pour out, often used in the context of divine wrath or judgment. God's wrath is not arbitrary but a response to sin and rebellion. Egypt, as a historical oppressor of Israel, becomes a symbol of all that stands against God's purposes. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of sin and the reality of divine justice.

and bring her to an end
The phrase "bring her to an end" indicates the finality of God's judgment. The Hebrew word "כָּלָה" (kalah) means to complete or finish. This is not merely a temporary setback for Egypt but a decisive conclusion to her power and influence. In the broader biblical narrative, this reflects the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom over all earthly powers. It inspires believers to trust in God's ultimate plan and His ability to bring about His purposes, even when faced with seemingly insurmountable opposition.

In the eleventh year
This phrase situates the prophecy within a specific historical context. The "eleventh year" refers to the eleventh year of King Jehoiachin's captivity, which is around 587 BC. This was a tumultuous period for the Israelites, as they were in exile in Babylon. The historical context underscores the gravity of the message, as it was a time of great uncertainty and upheaval for God's people. The number eleven in biblical numerology often signifies disorder and judgment, which aligns with the themes of Ezekiel's prophecies.

in the first month
The "first month" refers to the Hebrew month of Nisan, which is significant as it marks the beginning of the Jewish religious calendar. Nisan is associated with the Passover, a time of deliverance and remembrance of God's salvation. This timing may symbolize a new beginning or a call to repentance and reflection for the Israelites, reminding them of God's past deliverance and His ongoing sovereignty.

on the seventh day
The "seventh day" is often associated with completion and perfection in biblical terms, as God completed creation on the seventh day. This could imply that the message Ezekiel is about to receive is complete and perfect in its divine origin. The number seven frequently appears in Scripture to denote God's perfect plan and purpose, suggesting that the prophecy is part of His divine orchestration.

the word of the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the divine origin of the message. "The word of the LORD" is a common expression in the prophetic books, indicating that the message is not from the prophet himself but from God. In Hebrew, "word" is "dabar," which implies not just spoken words but also action and purpose. This underscores the authority and power of God's message, which is both a declaration and a call to action.

came to me
The phrase "came to me" highlights the personal nature of the prophetic revelation. Ezekiel, as a prophet, is the chosen vessel through whom God communicates His will. This personal encounter with the divine word underscores the intimate relationship between God and His prophets, who are called to faithfully deliver His messages to the people.

saying
The word "saying" introduces the content of the divine message. It indicates that what follows is a direct communication from God. In the Hebrew text, this is often a marker of a prophetic oracle, setting the stage for the specific instructions or revelations that God is about to impart. This word serves as a reminder of the living and active nature of God's word, which speaks into the lives and circumstances of His people.

Son of man
This phrase is a frequent designation for Ezekiel, emphasizing his humanity and role as a representative of the people. In Hebrew, "ben adam" underscores the prophet's connection to mankind, serving as a bridge between God and His people. It reminds us of the humility and responsibility inherent in being chosen as God's messenger.

I have broken
The Hebrew verb "shabar" conveys a decisive action by God, indicating a complete and purposeful act of judgment. This breaking is not accidental but a deliberate intervention by the Almighty. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to disrupt the plans of nations and leaders who oppose His will.

the arm of Pharaoh
The "arm" symbolizes strength and power, particularly in military terms. Pharaoh, as the king of Egypt, represents a formidable force. By breaking Pharaoh's arm, God demonstrates His power over even the mightiest of earthly rulers. Historically, Egypt was a dominant power, and this imagery would resonate with the Israelites, who understood the significance of such a divine act.

king of Egypt
Pharaoh is not just a personal name but a title for the ruler of Egypt, a nation often seen as an adversary to Israel. Egypt's historical context as a land of bondage for the Israelites adds depth to this judgment. It serves as a reminder of God's deliverance and His ongoing protection against those who would seek to oppress His people.

It has not been bound up for healing
The lack of binding or healing suggests a permanent state of weakness and defeat. In ancient times, binding a broken limb was essential for recovery. The absence of such care indicates that Pharaoh's power will not be restored. This reflects God's judgment as both just and irreversible, emphasizing the futility of opposing His divine will.

or splinted for strength
A splint would provide support and enable recovery, but here, the absence of a splint signifies a complete and utter incapacitation. The imagery suggests that Pharaoh's ability to wield power or influence is utterly dismantled. This serves as a powerful metaphor for the futility of human strength when it stands against God's purposes.

to hold the sword
The sword represents military might and authority. By stating that Pharaoh cannot hold the sword, the verse underscores the totality of Egypt's defeat. It is a vivid illustration of how God can render the mightiest of armies powerless. This serves as a reassurance to the faithful that God is the ultimate source of strength and victory.

Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew term for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," underscoring God's supreme power and covenantal relationship with His people. This introduction sets the stage for a message of judgment, reminding the audience that the words to follow are not merely human predictions but divine declarations.

Behold, I am against Pharaoh king of Egypt
The word "Behold" serves as a call to attention, urging the listener to focus on the gravity of the message. "I am against" indicates God's opposition, a formidable stance that signifies impending judgment. Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt, represents not just a political leader but a symbol of earthly power and arrogance. Historically, Egypt was a dominant force, often seen as a refuge or ally by Israel. God's opposition to Pharaoh highlights the futility of relying on human strength and alliances instead of divine support.

I will break his arms, both the strong one and the broken one
The imagery of breaking "arms" symbolizes the destruction of military power and strength. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the arm was a metaphor for might and capability. By specifying "both the strong one and the broken one," the text suggests a comprehensive dismantling of Pharaoh's power, leaving no room for recovery or resistance. This duality may also imply that God will shatter both the current strength and any remnants of past power, ensuring total defeat.

and I will make the sword fall from his hand
The "sword" represents military might and the ability to wage war. By causing the sword to "fall from his hand," God is stripping Pharaoh of his ability to defend himself or assert dominance. This act signifies not only a loss of power but also a divine intervention that renders human efforts futile. In the broader biblical narrative, this serves as a reminder that true security and victory come from reliance on God, not on human weapons or strategies.

I will disperse the Egyptians among the nations
This phrase begins with the divine pronouncement, "I will disperse," indicating God's sovereign action and judgment. The Hebrew root for "disperse" is "פּוּץ" (puts), which conveys the idea of scattering or spreading out. This action is not merely a natural consequence but a deliberate act of God, emphasizing His control over the nations and His ability to execute judgment. Historically, this scattering reflects the fate of many ancient peoples who, after conquest, were often exiled or assimilated into other cultures, losing their national identity.

the Egyptians
The Egyptians, in this context, represent a powerful and ancient civilization known for its wealth, military might, and idolatry. Egypt was often seen as a symbol of human pride and reliance on worldly power rather than on God. The historical context here is significant, as Egypt was a major player in the ancient Near East, often in conflict with Israel. God's judgment upon Egypt serves as a reminder of the futility of trusting in human strength and the inevitability of divine justice.

among the nations
The phrase "among the nations" underscores the extent of the dispersion. The Egyptians would not be confined to a single area but scattered across various peoples and lands. This scattering among the nations is a common theme in the Bible, often used as a form of judgment for disobedience and rebellion against God. It serves as a humbling experience, stripping away national pride and identity, and forcing reliance on God. Theologically, it points to the universality of God's dominion and His ability to use even foreign nations to accomplish His purposes.

and scatter them throughout the lands
The repetition of the idea of scattering, "and scatter them," reinforces the totality and completeness of the judgment. The Hebrew word "זָרָה" (zarah) is used here, which also means to winnow or to scatter. This imagery is akin to the process of separating wheat from chaff, suggesting a purifying or refining purpose behind the dispersion. "Throughout the lands" indicates the wide-reaching impact of this judgment, affecting not just Egypt but the surrounding regions as well. This scattering serves as a testament to God's power and a call to repentance for all nations, highlighting the theme of divine sovereignty and the call to recognize God's authority over all the earth.

I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon
This phrase signifies God's sovereign control over the nations and His ability to empower whom He chooses to fulfill His divine purposes. The Hebrew root for "strengthen" is "חָזַק" (chazaq), which means to make strong or firm. Historically, the Babylonian Empire was a dominant force in the ancient Near East, and this empowerment by God underscores His use of Babylon as an instrument of judgment against other nations, including Egypt. This reflects the biblical theme that God raises up leaders and empires according to His will, as seen in Daniel 2:21, where God "changes times and seasons; He removes kings and establishes them."

but the arms of Pharaoh will fall limp
In contrast to the strengthening of Babylon, the phrase "the arms of Pharaoh will fall limp" indicates the weakening and eventual downfall of Egypt. The Hebrew word for "fall limp" is "נָפַל" (naphal), which conveys a sense of collapse or failure. This imagery of limp arms symbolizes the loss of power and effectiveness. Historically, Egypt was a significant power, but this prophecy foretells its decline, demonstrating that no earthly power can stand against God's decrees. This serves as a reminder of the futility of relying on human strength and the importance of trusting in God's sovereignty.

Then they will know that I am the LORD
This phrase is a recurring theme in Ezekiel, emphasizing the ultimate purpose of God's actions: to reveal His identity and authority to the nations. The Hebrew word for "know" is "יָדַע" (yada), which implies an intimate understanding or recognition. Through the events described, both Israel and the surrounding nations are to recognize the LORD's supremacy and His active role in history. This acknowledgment of God as the LORD is central to the biblical narrative, calling people to repentance and faith. It highlights the divine intention behind the unfolding of historical events, pointing to a greater revelation of God's character and purposes.

when I put My sword into the hand of the king of Babylon
The imagery of God putting His "sword" into the hand of the king of Babylon signifies the transfer of divine judgment and authority. The "sword" is a symbol of warfare and execution of justice. In the ancient world, a sword was a powerful emblem of military might and authority. By placing His sword in Babylon's hand, God is appointing Babylon as His agent of judgment. This act demonstrates that even the mightiest empires are under God's control and serve His purposes, whether they acknowledge Him or not. It is a sobering reminder of God's ultimate authority over all nations and His ability to use them to accomplish His will.

and he will stretch it out against the land of Egypt
The action of stretching out the sword against Egypt indicates an impending attack and conquest. The phrase "stretch it out" suggests deliberate and decisive action. Historically, this prophecy was fulfilled when Babylon invaded Egypt, demonstrating the accuracy of God's word through His prophets. This serves as a testament to the reliability of Scripture and God's faithfulness to His promises and warnings. It also illustrates the theme of divine retribution, where nations are held accountable for their actions. The fulfillment of such prophecies encourages believers to trust in God's word and His ultimate plan for justice and redemption.

I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon
This phrase signifies God's sovereign control over the nations and His use of them to fulfill His purposes. The Hebrew word for "strengthen" is "חָזַק" (chazaq), which means to make strong or firm. In the context of Ezekiel, God is empowering Babylon as an instrument of judgment against Egypt. Historically, Babylon was a dominant power in the ancient Near East, and this strengthening indicates divine endorsement of Babylon's military campaigns. This reflects the biblical theme that God raises and lowers nations according to His will.

but the arms of Pharaoh will fall limp
The contrast here is stark and intentional. The Hebrew word for "fall limp" is "נָפַל" (naphal), which means to fall or collapse. This imagery of weakness and defeat is a direct judgment against Egypt, a nation that had long been a symbol of power and pride. In the biblical narrative, Egypt often represents worldly strength and opposition to God's people. The historical context shows that Egypt's power was waning during this period, and this prophecy underscores the futility of relying on human strength against divine will.

Then they will know that I am the LORD
This phrase is a recurring theme in Ezekiel, emphasizing the purpose behind God's actions. The Hebrew word for "know" is "יָדַע" (yada), which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge. God's judgments are not arbitrary; they are designed to reveal His identity and sovereignty to the nations. This acknowledgment of God as "the LORD" (YHWH) is central to the biblical message, calling people to recognize His ultimate authority and to turn to Him in repentance and faith.

when I place My sword in the hand of the king of Babylon
The "sword" symbolizes judgment and warfare, and its placement in Babylon's hand indicates that Babylon is acting as God's agent. The imagery of the sword is prevalent throughout Scripture as a tool of divine justice. Historically, Babylon's conquests were seen as fulfilling God's purposes, even though Babylon itself was not a godly nation. This demonstrates the biblical principle that God can use even ungodly powers to accomplish His divine plans.

and he wields it against the land of Egypt
The act of wielding the sword against Egypt signifies the execution of God's judgment. The historical context is the Babylonian invasion of Egypt, which was part of the larger geopolitical struggles of the time. This action fulfills the prophecy and serves as a tangible demonstration of God's word coming to pass. It reminds believers of the certainty of God's promises and the reality of His intervention in human history.

I will disperse the Egyptians among the nations
This phrase speaks to the sovereignty of God over the nations. The Hebrew root for "disperse" is "פּוּץ" (puts), which conveys the idea of scattering or spreading out. Historically, this reflects the fate of many ancient peoples who were conquered and exiled by more powerful empires. The Egyptians, once a dominant power, are now subject to God's judgment, illustrating the biblical theme that no nation is beyond God's reach or control. This dispersion serves as a divine punishment and a humbling of Egypt's pride, reminding us that earthly power is fleeting and subject to the will of the Almighty.

and scatter them throughout the lands
The repetition of the concept of scattering emphasizes the totality and completeness of God's judgment. The Hebrew word "זָרָה" (zarah) is used here, which also means to scatter or winnow. This scattering is not just a physical displacement but also a cultural and spiritual disintegration. It signifies the breaking of national identity and unity, a common consequence for nations that defy God's commands. The phrase "throughout the lands" indicates the vastness of this dispersion, suggesting that the Egyptians will be spread far and wide, losing their cohesion as a people. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the inevitable fulfillment of His prophetic word.

Then they will know that I am the LORD
This concluding phrase underscores the ultimate purpose of God's actions: the recognition of His sovereignty and divinity. The Hebrew word for "know" is "יָדַע" (yada), which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge. This is not merely intellectual acknowledgment but a deep, personal realization of God's power and authority. Throughout the Bible, God's judgments are often followed by this declaration, emphasizing that His actions are designed to lead people to repentance and acknowledgment of His lordship. The phrase "I am the LORD" is a powerful affirmation of God's identity as Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God of Israel, who desires that all nations recognize His supremacy. This serves as an inspirational call for believers to trust in God's ultimate plan and to live in a way that reflects His glory to the world.