In the tenth year
This phrase situates the prophecy within a specific historical context. The "tenth year" refers to the tenth year of King Jehoiachin's captivity, which places this event around 587 BC. This was a tumultuous period for the Israelites, as they were in exile in Babylon. The specificity of the date underscores the precision and reliability of God's revelations through His prophets. It reminds us that God is sovereign over history and time, orchestrating events according to His divine plan.

in the tenth month on the twelfth day
The mention of the "tenth month on the twelfth day" further emphasizes the exact timing of God's message. This level of detail highlights the importance of the prophecy and the urgency of the message that follows. In the Hebrew calendar, the tenth month is Tevet, which corresponds to December-January in the Gregorian calendar. This period was significant for the Israelites, as it was a time of reflection and anticipation of God's deliverance.

the word of the LORD
This phrase is central to the prophetic tradition, indicating that the message Ezekiel is about to deliver is not of his own invention but is a direct revelation from God. The Hebrew term for "word" is "dabar," which implies not just spoken words but an active, dynamic force that accomplishes God's purposes. The "word of the LORD" is powerful and authoritative, carrying the weight of divine truth and command.

came to me
The phrase "came to me" signifies the personal nature of God's communication with His prophets. Ezekiel, as a chosen vessel, receives God's word directly, underscoring the intimate relationship between the prophet and the Divine. This personal encounter with God is a reminder of His desire to communicate with His people and guide them through His appointed messengers.

saying
The word "saying" introduces the content of the divine message. It prepares the reader for the forthcoming prophecy, which will reveal God's intentions and judgments. This word serves as a transition from the setting of the revelation to the substance of what God is about to declare. It is a call to attention, inviting the audience to listen carefully to the words that follow, as they are of utmost importance and relevance.

Son of man
This phrase is a frequent designation for Ezekiel, used over 90 times in the book. In Hebrew, it is "ben adam," which literally means "son of Adam" or "son of humanity." This title emphasizes Ezekiel's humanity and his role as a representative of the people. It underscores the humility and frailty of the prophet, contrasting with the divine messages he is tasked to deliver. The use of "son of man" also foreshadows the New Testament usage where Jesus refers to Himself with the same title, highlighting His identification with humanity.

set your face against
This phrase indicates a deliberate and resolute opposition. In Hebrew, "set your face" (sim panim) conveys a sense of determination and unwavering focus. It is a prophetic gesture of confrontation, signifying that the prophet is to deliver a message of judgment. This expression is used elsewhere in the Bible to denote God's firm stance against sin and rebellion, emphasizing the seriousness of the forthcoming prophecy.

Pharaoh king of Egypt
Pharaoh was the title used by the rulers of ancient Egypt. At the time of Ezekiel's prophecy, Egypt was a significant power in the region, often seen as a potential ally or threat to Israel. Historically, this refers to Pharaoh Hophra (Apries), who reigned during Ezekiel's time. Egypt's political and military influence is well-documented in archaeological findings, and this prophecy highlights the futility of relying on Egypt for security, as Israel often did.

and prophesy against him
The act of prophesying "against" someone indicates a message of judgment or condemnation. In the Hebrew context, prophecy is not merely foretelling the future but is a divine communication that often calls for repentance or warns of impending consequences. Ezekiel's role as a prophet is to convey God's displeasure and impending judgment on Egypt, serving as a reminder of God's sovereignty over all nations.

Speak and tell him that this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase introduces a divine oracle, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew word for "speak" (דַּבֵּר, dabar) is often used in prophetic contexts, indicating a message that is not of human origin but divinely inspired. The phrase "the Lord GOD" (אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה, Adonai Yahweh) underscores the supreme authority of God, combining the titles of Lord and the covenant name of God, Yahweh. This introduction sets the stage for a message that carries the weight of divine judgment and purpose.

Behold, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt
The word "Behold" (הִנֵּה, hinneh) is a call to attention, signaling the importance and immediacy of the message. The phrase "I am against you" is a declaration of divine opposition, a serious pronouncement given the historical context of Egypt's power and influence. Pharaoh, as the king of Egypt, was seen as a god-like figure, yet here he is subject to the judgment of the true God. This highlights the theme of God's sovereignty over all nations and rulers, regardless of their earthly power.

the great monster lying in the midst of his rivers
The "great monster" (תַּנִּים, tannin) is often interpreted as a crocodile or a mythical sea creature, symbolizing chaos and opposition to God. In the context of Egypt, it likely refers to the Nile crocodile, a powerful and feared creature, representing Pharaoh's perceived strength and dominance. The "rivers" (יְאֹרִים, ye'orim) refer to the Nile and its tributaries, the lifeblood of Egypt. This imagery conveys the message that even the mightiest earthly powers are subject to God's control and judgment.

who says, ‘The Nile is mine; I made it for myself.’
This phrase captures the arrogance and self-deification of Pharaoh, who claims ownership and creative power over the Nile, the source of Egypt's prosperity. The Nile was central to Egyptian life and religion, often deified and worshiped. Pharaoh's claim, "I made it for myself," reflects a prideful assertion of divine-like power and control. This hubris is directly challenged by God, who alone is the true Creator and Sustainer of all things. The verse serves as a reminder of the dangers of pride and the ultimate authority of God over creation.

But I will put hooks in your jaws
This phrase is a vivid metaphor used by God through the prophet Ezekiel to describe His judgment against Pharaoh and Egypt. The imagery of "hooks" suggests a forceful and inescapable capture, akin to a fisherman catching a large fish. In the Hebrew context, the word for "hooks" (חַח, chach) can also imply a tool used for control or restraint. Historically, this reflects the Assyrian and Babylonian practice of leading captives with hooks through their noses or lips, symbolizing complete domination. Spiritually, it signifies God's sovereign power to humble the proud, as Pharaoh is likened to a great sea creature, unable to resist God's will.

and make the fish of your streams cling to your scales
The "fish" represent the people of Egypt, who are dependent on the Nile River, the lifeblood of their civilization. The Hebrew word for "fish" (דָּג, dag) is used here to symbolize the multitude of Egyptians who will suffer alongside Pharaoh. The "streams" refer to the Nile and its canals, central to Egypt's economy and daily life. The phrase "cling to your scales" suggests an unavoidable association with Pharaoh's fate. This imagery underscores the interconnectedness of a nation's leader and its people, emphasizing that the consequences of leadership extend to the entire populace.

I will haul you up from the midst of your streams
The act of "hauling up" signifies God's intervention and the removal of Pharaoh from his place of power. The Hebrew verb used here (הֶעֱלָה, he'elah) conveys the idea of lifting or bringing up, often used in contexts of deliverance or judgment. The "midst of your streams" highlights the centrality of the Nile to Egypt's identity and prosperity. By removing Pharaoh from this environment, God demonstrates His authority over natural and political realms, illustrating that no earthly power can withstand His divine judgment.

with all the fish clinging to your scales
This repetition reinforces the totality of Egypt's impending downfall. The "fish clinging" to Pharaoh's "scales" suggests a futile attempt to maintain stability and security. In the broader biblical narrative, this serves as a warning against idolatry and self-reliance, urging nations and individuals to recognize their dependence on God. The imagery of scales, often associated with protection and strength, becomes a symbol of vulnerability when God enacts His judgment. This passage calls believers to trust in God's sovereignty and righteousness, acknowledging that He alone is the ultimate authority over nations and leaders.

I will leave you in the wilderness
The phrase "I will leave you in the wilderness" signifies a divine judgment and abandonment. The Hebrew root for "wilderness" is "midbar," often representing a place of desolation and testing. In the biblical narrative, the wilderness is where the Israelites wandered for 40 years, a place of both trial and divine encounter. Here, it symbolizes Egypt's impending desolation and isolation, a stark contrast to its former glory as a powerful empire. The wilderness is a place devoid of life-sustaining resources, indicating that Egypt will be left without support or sustenance.

you and all the fish of your streams
The mention of "fish of your streams" is a direct reference to the Nile River, the lifeblood of Egypt. The Hebrew word for "streams" is "ye'or," often used to denote the Nile. Fish were a staple in the Egyptian diet and a symbol of the nation's prosperity. By including the fish in this judgment, God is declaring that even the natural resources that Egypt relies upon will be affected. This imagery underscores the totality of the judgment, affecting both the people and the land's resources.

You will fall on the open field
The phrase "You will fall on the open field" conveys a sense of vulnerability and exposure. In ancient warfare, to fall in the open field meant to be defeated without the protection of city walls or fortifications. The Hebrew word for "field" is "sadeh," which can also imply a broad, unprotected area. This imagery suggests that Egypt will be left defenseless, exposed to the elements and to its enemies, highlighting the completeness of its downfall.

you will not be picked up or gathered
The phrase "you will not be picked up or gathered" indicates a lack of burial, which in ancient cultures was a sign of disgrace and dishonor. The Hebrew concept of burial is deeply tied to dignity and respect for the dead. By stating that they will not be gathered, God is emphasizing the shame and ignominy that will accompany Egypt's defeat. This lack of burial rites signifies a complete and utter desolation, where no one is left to mourn or care for the fallen.

I have given you as food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the air
This phrase paints a vivid picture of the aftermath of judgment. The imagery of being "food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the air" is a common biblical motif for divine retribution. In Deuteronomy 28:26, a similar curse is pronounced upon those who disobey God. The beasts and birds, often seen as agents of divine judgment, will consume the remains, symbolizing the totality of the destruction. This serves as a stark reminder of God's sovereignty and the consequences of pride and rebellion against Him. The phrase underscores the theme of divine justice, where the natural order itself participates in the execution of God's will.

Then all the inhabitants of Egypt
This phrase sets the stage for the prophecy's scope, indicating that the message is directed towards the entire population of Egypt. The Hebrew word for "inhabitants" is "יֹשְׁבֵי" (yoshev), which implies those who dwell or reside in a place. Historically, Egypt was a significant power in the ancient Near East, known for its rich culture and influence. The mention of "all the inhabitants" underscores the comprehensive nature of the judgment, affecting every level of society, from the common people to the ruling elite.

will know
The Hebrew word used here is "יָדַע" (yada), which means to know, perceive, or understand. In the biblical context, this knowledge often goes beyond intellectual understanding to include experiential recognition of God's power and sovereignty. The phrase suggests a future realization or acknowledgment by the Egyptians of God's authority, often following a demonstration of His power through judgment or deliverance.

that I am the LORD
This declaration is a central theme throughout the book of Ezekiel. The name "LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature. The phrase "I am the LORD" is a powerful assertion of God's identity and His unique position as the one true God. It serves as a reminder of His ultimate authority and the futility of relying on other gods or powers.

Because you have been a staff of reed
The imagery of a "staff of reed" is significant. In the ancient world, a staff symbolized support and stability. However, a reed is fragile and unreliable, easily broken under pressure. This metaphor highlights Egypt's unreliability as an ally or source of support. Historically, Egypt often played a duplicitous role in its alliances, particularly with Israel and Judah, promising aid but failing to deliver in times of need.

to the house of Israel
The "house of Israel" refers to the people of Israel, God's chosen nation. Throughout their history, Israel often looked to Egypt for military and political support, especially during times of threat from other empires like Assyria and Babylon. This reliance on Egypt, rather than trusting in God, was a recurring issue that led to divine rebuke. The phrase serves as a reminder of the consequences of misplaced trust and the importance of relying on God alone.

When they grasped you by the hand
This phrase evokes the imagery of reliance and trust. In the Hebrew context, the hand symbolizes power, support, and fellowship. The Israelites sought Egypt's support, akin to grasping a hand for stability. Historically, Egypt was a significant power, often seen as a potential ally against other threats. However, this reliance was misplaced, as Egypt was not a dependable ally. Spiritually, this serves as a reminder that reliance on worldly powers instead of God leads to disappointment and failure.

you splintered and tore open their shoulders
The imagery of splintering and tearing suggests a violent and painful betrayal. The Hebrew word for "splintered" can imply breaking or fracturing, indicating that Egypt's support was not only insufficient but harmful. Shoulders in biblical terms often represent strength and burden-bearing capacity. Thus, the Israelites' reliance on Egypt resulted in injury and weakness, symbolizing the futility of trusting in human strength over divine providence.

When they leaned on you
Leaning implies dependence and trust. In the ancient Near Eastern context, alliances were crucial for survival, and leaning on another nation was a common practice. However, this phrase highlights the folly of such dependence when it is not aligned with God's will. The Israelites leaned on Egypt for support against Babylon, contrary to God's guidance through the prophets. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of placing trust in anything other than God.

you broke and made all their backs twist
The breaking and twisting of backs is a powerful metaphor for the consequences of misplaced trust. The Hebrew word for "broke" suggests a sudden and complete failure. Backs, symbolizing the ability to carry burdens, being twisted, indicates a debilitating outcome. This reflects the historical reality of Egypt's failure to support Israel against Babylon, leading to Israel's suffering and exile. Spiritually, it underscores the theme that reliance on anything other than God leads to spiritual and physical ruin.

Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says
The phrase "Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says" serves as a divine proclamation, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," underscoring God's supreme power and covenantal relationship with His people. This introduction signals a direct message from God, highlighting the seriousness and certainty of the forthcoming judgment. It is a reminder of God's active role in history and His ability to execute justice.

I will bring a sword against you
The "sword" in biblical terms often symbolizes war, judgment, and divine retribution. In Hebrew, the word for sword is "chereb," which can denote a tool of destruction used by God to enact His will. Historically, this reflects the impending military invasion and conquest, likely by the Babylonians, as a consequence of Egypt's pride and idolatry. The imagery of the sword conveys the inevitability and severity of God's judgment, serving as a call to repentance and humility before His might.

and cut off from you man and beast
The phrase "cut off from you man and beast" indicates a comprehensive devastation. The Hebrew verb "karath" means to cut down or destroy, suggesting a complete removal or annihilation. This reflects the totality of the judgment, affecting both human and animal life, symbolizing the collapse of Egypt's societal and economic structures. In a broader scriptural context, this serves as a warning of the consequences of turning away from God, emphasizing the interconnectedness of creation and the impact of sin on all living things. It is a sobering reminder of the need for alignment with God's will to sustain life and prosperity.

The land of Egypt
This phrase refers to the geographical and political entity known as Egypt, a significant nation in biblical history. In Hebrew, "Egypt" is "Mitzrayim," which is often associated with bondage and idolatry in the biblical narrative. Egypt was a powerful and influential civilization, known for its advanced culture and military might. Historically, Egypt was both a refuge and a place of oppression for the Israelites, symbolizing worldly power and opposition to God's people. In the context of Ezekiel, Egypt represents a nation that has set itself against God's purposes, and thus, it faces divine judgment.

will become a desolate wasteland
The Hebrew word for "desolate" is "shamem," which conveys a sense of utter devastation and ruin. This prophecy indicates a complete reversal of Egypt's fortunes, from a thriving civilization to a barren land. The imagery of a "wasteland" underscores the severity of God's judgment. Historically, Egypt was known for its fertile land, particularly the Nile Delta, which was the breadbasket of the ancient world. The transformation into a wasteland signifies the removal of God's blessing and protection, highlighting the consequences of pride and rebellion against God.

Then they will know that I am the LORD
This phrase is a recurring theme in the book of Ezekiel, emphasizing the recognition of God's sovereignty and authority. The Hebrew word for "know" is "yada," which implies an intimate understanding and acknowledgment. The judgment upon Egypt serves a dual purpose: it is both punitive and revelatory. Through these events, both Egypt and the surrounding nations are meant to recognize the LORD's power and supremacy. This acknowledgment is not merely intellectual but involves a deep, transformative realization of God's rightful place as the sovereign ruler of all nations.

Because you said, ‘The Nile is mine; I made it,’
This statement reflects the arrogance and self-sufficiency of Egypt, personified in its rulers. The Nile River was the lifeblood of Egypt, essential for its agriculture, economy, and overall prosperity. Claiming ownership and creation of the Nile is an expression of hubris, attributing to human power what is ultimately a gift from God. In the Hebrew context, such a declaration is blasphemous, as it denies God's role as the Creator and Sustainer. This prideful assertion is a direct challenge to God's authority, and it is this attitude that brings about divine judgment. The verse serves as a reminder of the dangers of pride and the importance of recognizing God's hand in all aspects of life.

therefore I am against you
This phrase signifies God's direct opposition to Egypt, a nation that had long been a symbol of worldly power and idolatry. The Hebrew root for "against" (נגד, "neged") implies a stance of confrontation and judgment. Historically, Egypt was a superpower, often seen as invincible. However, this declaration underscores the sovereignty of God over all nations, reminding us that no earthly power can stand against the divine will.

and your rivers
The "rivers" refer primarily to the Nile, the lifeblood of Egypt, which was central to its agriculture, economy, and culture. In the Hebrew context, rivers often symbolize life and sustenance. By targeting the rivers, God is striking at the heart of Egypt's prosperity and self-reliance. This serves as a reminder that all sources of human strength and security are ultimately under God's control.

I will make the land of Egypt a ruin and a desolate waste
The imagery of "ruin" and "desolate waste" conveys total devastation. The Hebrew words used here, "שְׁמָמָה" (shemamah) for "desolate" and "חָרְבָּה" (chorbah) for "ruin," emphasize utter destruction and abandonment. Historically, Egypt was known for its fertile lands and thriving civilization. This prophecy highlights the consequences of pride and idolatry, serving as a warning that turning away from God leads to desolation.

from Migdol to Syene
"Migdol" and "Syene" mark the northern and southern extremities of Egypt, respectively. Migdol, meaning "tower" or "fortress," was a strategic location, while Syene (modern-day Aswan) was a significant city near the border with Cush (Nubia). This phrase indicates the comprehensive nature of the judgment, affecting the entire nation. It underscores the thoroughness of God's judgment, leaving no part of the land untouched.

as far as the border of Cush
Cush, often identified with the region south of Egypt, known today as Sudan, was historically a powerful kingdom. The mention of Cush highlights the extent of Egypt's influence and the reach of God's judgment. This serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of nations and the far-reaching impact of divine justice. It also reflects the biblical theme that God's sovereignty extends beyond Israel to all nations, calling them to accountability.

The foot of man
This phrase signifies human presence and activity. In the Hebrew context, "foot" often symbolizes dominion or possession. The absence of man's foot indicates a complete cessation of human life and influence. Historically, this reflects the desolation that God prophesied over Egypt, emphasizing His sovereignty over nations and His ability to humble the proud.

will not pass through it
The phrase underscores total desolation. In ancient times, travel and trade routes were vital for a nation's prosperity. The absence of travelers or traders passing through signifies economic and social collapse. This prophecy serves as a warning of divine judgment, reminding believers of the consequences of turning away from God.

and the foot of beast
The mention of beasts highlights the extent of desolation. In a thriving land, animals are abundant, contributing to agriculture and daily life. Their absence indicates a barren, lifeless land. This imagery reinforces the severity of God's judgment, as even the natural order is disrupted.

will not pass through it
Reiterating the earlier phrase, this repetition emphasizes the totality of the desolation. It serves as a literary device to stress the certainty and completeness of the prophecy. For believers, it is a call to recognize the seriousness of God's warnings and the reality of His judgments.

It will be uninhabited
This phrase confirms the complete abandonment of the land. In biblical times, land was a sign of blessing and provision. An uninhabited land signifies the withdrawal of God's favor and protection. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the importance of remaining faithful to God.

for forty years
The number forty in the Bible often symbolizes a period of testing, trial, or judgment. Examples include the Israelites' forty years in the wilderness and Jesus' forty days of fasting. Here, it indicates a divinely appointed period of judgment for Egypt. This timeframe offers hope for eventual restoration, reflecting God's mercy and the possibility of redemption after repentance.

I will make the land of Egypt a desolation
This phrase speaks to the divine judgment pronounced by God through the prophet Ezekiel. The Hebrew word for "desolation" is "שְׁמָמָה" (shemamah), which conveys a sense of utter ruin and devastation. Historically, Egypt was a powerful and influential nation, often seen as a symbol of human pride and reliance on worldly power. God's declaration of making Egypt a desolation serves as a reminder of His sovereignty over nations and His ability to humble the proud. It underscores the biblical theme that reliance on anything other than God leads to destruction.

among devastated lands
The phrase "among devastated lands" places Egypt's impending desolation in the context of other nations that have faced similar judgments. The Hebrew root "שָׁמַם" (shamem) is used here, emphasizing the completeness of the devastation. This context serves as a warning to all nations that defy God's authority. It also reflects the historical reality of the ancient Near East, where empires rose and fell, often as a result of divine judgment. The phrase reminds believers of the transient nature of earthly power and the enduring nature of God's kingdom.

Her cities will lie desolate
The desolation of Egypt's cities signifies the collapse of its societal and economic structures. The Hebrew word for "cities" is "עִיר" (ir), which in ancient times were centers of culture, commerce, and governance. The desolation of these cities indicates a complete breakdown of the nation's infrastructure. This serves as a metaphor for the spiritual desolation that occurs when a society turns away from God. It is a call for repentance and a return to divine principles, highlighting the importance of building communities on a foundation of faith.

for forty years
The specific period of "forty years" is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing a period of testing, trial, or judgment. The number forty appears frequently in Scripture, such as the forty years of Israel's wandering in the desert. This period of desolation for Egypt is a time of divine discipline, intended to bring about repentance and restoration. It serves as a reminder of God's patience and His desire for nations to turn back to Him. The forty years also reflect a complete generation, indicating a thorough purging and renewal process.

scattered among the nations
The scattering "among the nations" indicates a dispersion of the Egyptian people, similar to the exile experienced by Israel. The Hebrew root "זָרָה" (zarah) conveys the idea of being spread out or dispersed. This scattering serves as both a punishment and a means of purification, as it forces the people to confront their reliance on false gods and worldly power. It is a call to return to the one true God, who is the source of all strength and security. This scattering also foreshadows the gathering of God's people from all nations, a theme fulfilled in the New Testament through the spread of the Gospel.

and dispersed throughout the lands
The phrase "dispersed throughout the lands" emphasizes the extent of Egypt's judgment. The Hebrew word "פָּרַשׂ" (paras) suggests a thorough spreading out, indicating that no part of the nation will be untouched by this divine decree. This dispersion serves as a humbling experience, stripping away the pride and self-reliance that characterized Egypt. It is a powerful reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the hope of restoration through repentance. The dispersion also points to the universal reach of God's sovereignty, as He works through all nations to accomplish His purposes.

For this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase underscores the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "Adonai Yahweh" is used, emphasizing God's lordship and covenantal relationship with His people. It is a reminder that the words spoken are not of human origin but are divine, carrying the weight and certainty of God's unchanging nature. This introduction to the prophecy assures the listener of its truth and reliability.

At the end of forty years
The number forty in the Bible often symbolizes a period of testing, trial, or judgment. It is reminiscent of the Israelites' forty years in the wilderness (Numbers 14:33-34) and Jesus' forty days of temptation in the desert (Matthew 4:2). Here, it signifies a complete period of divine judgment upon Egypt, after which restoration is possible. This period reflects God's justice but also His mercy, as it is not indefinite.

I will gather the Egyptians
The act of gathering indicates restoration and redemption. In Hebrew, the word "qabats" is used, which means to collect or assemble. This reflects God's intention to bring back the Egyptians from their dispersion, showing His control over nations and His ability to restore them. It is a promise of hope and renewal, even for those who have been judged.

from the nations
This phrase highlights the extent of Egypt's dispersion. Historically, Egypt was a powerful nation, but due to God's judgment, they were scattered among various nations. This scattering is a consequence of their pride and idolatry, as seen in the broader context of Ezekiel's prophecies. Yet, it also sets the stage for their eventual regathering, demonstrating God's overarching plan for all nations.

to which they were scattered
The scattering of the Egyptians serves as a fulfillment of God's judgment. The Hebrew word "zarah" implies being dispersed or spread out. This scattering is both a physical and spiritual consequence of their actions. However, it also serves as a precursor to their gathering, illustrating the cyclical nature of judgment and redemption in God's dealings with humanity. It is a testament to God's ability to bring order out of chaos and to restore what was lost.

I will restore the fortunes of Egypt
The phrase "I will restore the fortunes" is a promise of divine intervention and restoration. In Hebrew, the word for "restore" is often linked to the concept of returning or bringing back to a former state. This indicates God's sovereign power to reverse the fortunes of nations according to His will. Historically, Egypt was a powerful empire, but due to its pride and idolatry, it faced God's judgment. This restoration is not just a return to power but a reinstatement of God's purpose for Egypt within His divine plan.

and bring them back to the land of Pathros
"Pathros" refers to Upper Egypt, a region that was significant in ancient Egyptian history. The Hebrew term "Pathros" is derived from the Egyptian "Pataresh," meaning "the southern land." This indicates a return to their roots, a physical and spiritual homecoming. Archaeologically, Pathros was known for its cultural and religious significance, and this return symbolizes a restoration of identity and heritage under God's guidance.

the land of their origin
This phrase emphasizes the connection to their ancestral roots. In a biblical context, returning to one's origin often signifies a return to foundational truths and divine purposes. For Egypt, this return is not just geographical but also a call to remember their place in God's overarching narrative. Historically, Egypt's origin is tied to its early dynastic periods, which were marked by significant developments in culture and governance.

There they will be a lowly kingdom
The term "lowly" in Hebrew can mean humble or subdued. This indicates a transformation in Egypt's status from a dominant empire to a nation of lesser influence. This humbling is part of God's redemptive plan, teaching Egypt humility and dependence on Him rather than on their own strength. Scripturally, God often uses humility as a means to bring nations and individuals closer to Him, fostering a reliance on His power and grace rather than human might.

It will be the lowliest of kingdoms
The phrase "lowliest of kingdoms" refers to Egypt's future status as a humbled nation. The Hebrew word for "lowliest" is "שָׁפָל" (shafal), which conveys a sense of being brought low or made humble. Historically, Egypt was a powerful and influential empire, often seen as a dominant force in the ancient world. However, this prophecy indicates a divine judgment that would reduce Egypt's status. This humbling serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over nations, emphasizing that earthly power is temporary and subject to divine will.

and will never again exalt itself above the nations
The phrase "never again exalt itself" underscores the permanence of Egypt's diminished status. The Hebrew root "גָּבַהּ" (gabhah) means to be high or exalted. This part of the prophecy highlights the futility of human pride and ambition when set against God's plans. Historically, Egypt's attempts to regain its former glory were thwarted, aligning with this prophetic word. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of pride and the importance of humility before God.

For I will diminish them
The phrase "I will diminish them" indicates God's active role in reducing Egypt's power. The Hebrew verb "מָעַט" (ma'at) means to make small or few. This divine action reflects God's control over the rise and fall of nations. It is a reminder that God is the ultimate authority, and He can elevate or abase according to His purposes. This serves as an encouragement to trust in God's sovereignty and His perfect plan for the world.

so that they will never again rule over the nations
The phrase "never again rule over the nations" confirms the finality of Egypt's loss of imperial power. The Hebrew word "מָשַׁל" (mashal) means to rule or have dominion. Historically, Egypt's influence waned, and it never regained its status as a ruling empire. This fulfills the prophecy and demonstrates the accuracy of God's word. It serves as a testament to the reliability of Scripture and the certainty of God's promises. This encourages believers to have faith in God's word and His ultimate plan for justice and righteousness in the world.

never again
The phrase "never again" signifies a definitive and permanent change in status or condition. In the Hebrew text, this is often expressed with terms that denote finality and irrevocability. This phrase underscores God's sovereign control over history and His ability to bring about lasting transformation. In the context of Ezekiel, it reflects God's judgment and the assurance that Egypt will not return to its former power or influence. This serves as a reminder of the ultimate authority of God over nations and history.

be the confidence
The word "confidence" in this context refers to a sense of trust or reliance. In Hebrew, the root often conveys a sense of security or refuge. Historically, Israel had often turned to Egypt for military and political support, seeking security in alliances rather than in God. This phrase highlights the futility of placing trust in human powers rather than in divine providence. It serves as a call to place ultimate trust in God, who is the true source of security and strength.

of the house of Israel
The "house of Israel" refers to the collective people of Israel, God's chosen nation. This phrase emphasizes the covenant relationship between God and Israel. Throughout the Old Testament, Israel is depicted as God's people, set apart for His purposes. The historical context here is significant, as Israel's reliance on Egypt was a recurring issue, leading to spiritual and political consequences. This serves as a reminder of the importance of faithfulness to God and the dangers of seeking alliances contrary to His will.

but will remind them of their sin
The phrase "remind them of their sin" indicates a process of bringing to memory past transgressions. In Hebrew, the concept of "reminding" often involves a call to repentance and reflection. This is not merely punitive but serves a redemptive purpose, encouraging Israel to recognize their failures and return to God. The historical context involves Israel's repeated disobedience and idolatry, often involving alliances with foreign nations. This reminder is an invitation to repentance and restoration.

in turning to Egypt
"Turning to Egypt" refers to the act of seeking help or alliance with Egypt. Historically, Egypt was a powerful nation, and Israel often looked to it for support against other threats. This phrase highlights a specific sin of reliance on worldly powers rather than on God. The historical context is rich with instances where Israel's alliances with Egypt led to negative consequences. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of compromising faithfulness to God for political or military gain.

Then they will know that I am the Lord GOD
This concluding phrase is a powerful declaration of God's identity and sovereignty. The repeated use of "know that I am the Lord GOD" throughout Ezekiel emphasizes the ultimate purpose of God's actions: to reveal Himself to His people and the nations. In Hebrew, the word for "know" implies an intimate, experiential understanding. This is not just intellectual acknowledgment but a deep recognition of God's authority and holiness. The historical and scriptural context underscores the theme of God's self-revelation through judgment and redemption, calling His people to a deeper relationship with Him.

In the twenty-seventh year
This phrase marks a specific point in time, providing a chronological anchor for the prophecy. The twenty-seventh year refers to the period of the Babylonian exile, which began in 597 BC. This dating is significant as it situates the prophecy within the historical context of Israel's captivity, a time of great upheaval and reflection for the Jewish people. The precision of the date underscores the reliability and historical accuracy of the biblical narrative, reminding us that God's messages are rooted in real-world events and timelines.

in the first month on the first day
The first month in the Hebrew calendar is Nisan, which corresponds to March-April in the Gregorian calendar. This timing is significant as Nisan is the month of Passover, a festival commemorating Israel's deliverance from Egypt. The mention of the "first day" suggests a new beginning or a fresh revelation from God. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty over time and history, and His ability to bring about new beginnings even in the midst of exile and despair.

the word of the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the divine origin of the message. In Hebrew, "word" is "dabar," which implies not just a spoken word but an active, dynamic force. The "word of the LORD" is powerful and creative, capable of bringing about change and fulfilling God's purposes. It is a reminder that God's word is living and active, and that His promises are sure and steadfast.

came to me
The personal nature of this phrase highlights the intimate relationship between God and His prophet, Ezekiel. The Hebrew verb "came" (hayah) suggests an encounter or a meeting, indicating that Ezekiel is not merely a passive recipient but an active participant in receiving God's revelation. This underscores the role of the prophet as a mediator between God and His people, entrusted with the responsibility of conveying God's message faithfully.

saying
This word introduces the content of the divine message. It is a signal that what follows is not Ezekiel's own thoughts or ideas, but the very words of God. The use of "saying" (Hebrew "amar") indicates a direct communication from God, underscoring the authority and importance of the message. It serves as a reminder that God's words are to be heeded and obeyed, as they carry the weight of divine authority and truth.

Son of man
This phrase is a frequent address to Ezekiel, emphasizing his humanity and role as a representative of the people. In Hebrew, "ben adam" underscores the prophet's connection to mankind, serving as a bridge between God and His people. It reminds us of the humility and responsibility inherent in being chosen to deliver God's messages.

Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar II was a powerful ruler known for his military conquests and the expansion of the Babylonian Empire. Historically, he is recognized for his campaigns against various nations, including the siege of Tyre. His mention here highlights the geopolitical realities of the time and God's sovereignty over even the mightiest of earthly kings.

drove his army in a hard campaign against Tyre
The phrase describes the intense and prolonged military effort against the city of Tyre, a significant Phoenician city known for its wealth and fortifications. The Hebrew word for "hard" suggests a severe and grueling endeavor, reflecting the determination and persistence required in this siege, which lasted for many years.

every head was made bald and every shoulder rubbed bare
This vivid imagery conveys the physical toll of the campaign on Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers. "Bald" and "rubbed bare" symbolize exhaustion and weariness, as the soldiers endured harsh conditions. It serves as a metaphor for the sacrifices and struggles faced in the pursuit of worldly ambitions, reminding us of the cost of human endeavors without divine blessing.

Yet he and his army received no wages from Tyre
Despite their efforts, Nebuchadnezzar and his forces did not gain the expected rewards from their conquest. This outcome illustrates the futility of relying solely on human strength and ambition. It underscores a biblical principle that true reward and fulfillment come from aligning with God's purposes rather than pursuing material gain.

to pay for the labor he had expended on it
The phrase highlights the concept of recompense for labor, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture. In this context, it serves as a reminder that earthly efforts, no matter how strenuous, may not yield the anticipated results if they are not in accordance with God's will. It calls believers to seek divine guidance and trust in God's provision, knowing that He ultimately rewards faithfulness and obedience.

Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase underscores the authority and sovereignty of God in delivering His message. The Hebrew term for "Lord GOD" is "Adonai Yahweh," emphasizing both the masterful authority and the covenantal relationship God has with His people. This introduction serves as a divine seal, affirming that the following pronouncement is not merely a human prediction but a decree from the Creator Himself. It reminds us of the ultimate power and control God holds over nations and history.

I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon
The phrase "I will give" indicates God's active role in the unfolding of historical events. The Hebrew verb "natan" (to give) suggests a deliberate and purposeful action by God. Egypt, a symbol of worldly power and idolatry, is being handed over to Nebuchadnezzar, illustrating God's judgment upon nations that oppose His will. Historically, this reflects the geopolitical shifts of the ancient Near East, where Babylon was rising as a dominant empire. This transfer of power serves as a reminder of God's ability to use even pagan rulers to accomplish His divine purposes.

and he will carry off its wealth
The phrase "carry off its wealth" speaks to the spoils of war that Nebuchadnezzar would seize from Egypt. The Hebrew root "shalal" (to plunder) conveys the idea of stripping away resources and treasures. This act of taking wealth is not just a physical removal of goods but also symbolizes the stripping away of Egypt's pride and self-reliance. In a broader spiritual context, it serves as a warning against placing trust in material wealth and worldly power, which can be easily taken away by God's decree.

He will despoil it and plunder it
The repetition of "despoil" and "plunder" emphasizes the totality of Egypt's defeat and humiliation. The Hebrew words "bazaz" (to plunder) and "shalal" (to despoil) are often used in the context of military conquest, highlighting the complete subjugation and devastation that Egypt would face. This serves as a vivid illustration of the consequences of opposing God's will and the futility of relying on human strength and alliances.

and it will be the wages for his army
The term "wages" here is significant, as it implies that the conquest of Egypt is a form of compensation for Nebuchadnezzar's military efforts. The Hebrew word "sakhar" (wages) suggests a payment or reward for services rendered. This reflects the ancient practice of rewarding soldiers with the spoils of war. In a theological sense, it demonstrates how God can use even the ambitions and actions of secular powers to fulfill His divine plans. It also serves as a reminder that God is just and will ensure that all actions, whether good or evil, are accounted for in His divine economy.

I have given him
This phrase indicates a divine act of granting or bestowing. In the Hebrew text, the verb "given" (נָתַן, natan) is often used to express God's sovereign will and authority in distributing lands and blessings. It underscores God's control over nations and His ability to use them for His purposes. Historically, this refers to God giving Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, as a recompense for his efforts against Tyre, which aligns with God's overarching plan.

the land of Egypt
Egypt, a significant nation in biblical history, often symbolizes worldly power and opposition to God's people. The Hebrew term for Egypt, "מִצְרַיִם" (Mitzrayim), is rooted in the idea of a place of distress or limitation, reflecting its role as a place of bondage for the Israelites. Archaeologically, Egypt was a powerful and wealthy civilization, making it a valuable prize for any conqueror. This phrase highlights the transfer of power and wealth as part of God's judgment and reward system.

as his reward
The concept of "reward" (שָׂכָר, sakar) in Hebrew conveys the idea of wages or compensation for work done. In this context, it reflects God's justice in compensating Nebuchadnezzar for his military campaigns, which, although driven by his ambitions, ultimately served God's purposes. This demonstrates the biblical principle that God can use even pagan rulers to fulfill His divine plans and that He acknowledges their efforts in His service.

for which he labored
The word "labored" (עָבַד, avad) implies toil or work, often with a sense of servitude. Nebuchadnezzar's military campaigns were arduous and costly, and this phrase acknowledges the effort expended. It serves as a reminder that God sees and rewards the labor of individuals, even when they are unaware of their role in His divine narrative.

because they worked for Me
This phrase reveals the divine perspective that all actions, even those of secular rulers, can serve God's purposes. The Hebrew root "עָבַד" (avad) again emphasizes service, suggesting that Nebuchadnezzar's conquests were, in a mysterious way, service to God. This aligns with the biblical theme that God is sovereign over all nations and uses them to accomplish His will, whether they recognize it or not.

declares the Lord GOD
The phrase "declares the Lord GOD" (נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה, ne'um Adonai Yahweh) is a prophetic formula asserting the authority and certainty of the message. It emphasizes that the pronouncement is not merely a human prediction but a divine decree. This underscores the reliability of God's word and His ultimate control over historical events, providing assurance to believers that God's plans are unchangeable and will come to pass.

On that day
This phrase often signifies a specific time of divine intervention or fulfillment of prophecy. In the context of Ezekiel, it points to a future moment when God's promises will be realized. The Hebrew term "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא" (bayyom hahu) is frequently used in prophetic literature to denote a significant event orchestrated by God, emphasizing His sovereignty over time and history.

I will cause a horn to sprout
The "horn" in biblical symbolism often represents strength, power, or a king. The Hebrew word "קֶ֣רֶן" (qeren) is used here, which can denote a physical horn or metaphorically signify power or authority. In this context, it suggests the emergence of a leader or a resurgence of strength for Israel. This imagery is consistent with other biblical passages where a horn symbolizes the rise of a powerful figure or the restoration of a nation.

for the house of Israel
This phrase identifies the recipient of God's promise. The "house of Israel" refers to the collective people of Israel, God's chosen nation. Historically, this term encompasses both the northern kingdom (Israel) and the southern kingdom (Judah), highlighting God's ongoing covenant relationship with His people despite their past disobedience and exile.

and I will open your mouth among them
Here, God promises to empower Ezekiel to speak His words to the people. The phrase "open your mouth" signifies the restoration of prophetic speech, indicating that Ezekiel will once again be able to communicate God's messages. This is significant because earlier in Ezekiel's ministry, God had made him mute as a sign to the people (Ezekiel 3:26-27). The restoration of speech symbolizes a renewed opportunity for the people to hear and respond to God's word.

Then they will know that I am the LORD
This concluding phrase underscores the ultimate purpose of God's actions: to reveal His identity and sovereignty to His people. The repeated use of this phrase throughout Ezekiel emphasizes the central theme of the book—God's desire for His people to recognize and acknowledge Him as the one true God. The Hebrew "יְהוָֽה" (YHWH) is the sacred name of God, highlighting His eternal and unchanging nature. This revelation is intended to lead to repentance, faith, and a restored relationship with God.