Man
The Hebrew word for "man" here is "אִישׁ" (ish), which often denotes a human being in a general sense, emphasizing the frailty and mortality of humanity. In the context of Job, this term underscores the universal nature of human suffering and the shared experience of life's brevity and challenges. It reminds us that all people, regardless of status or righteousness, are subject to the same earthly limitations and trials.

who is born of woman
This phrase highlights the natural and humble origins of every human being. The Hebrew word for "woman" is "אִשָּׁה" (ishah), which connects to the creation narrative in Genesis, where woman is formed from man. This phrase emphasizes the commonality of human experience, as all are born through the same process, inheriting the fallen nature of humanity post-Eden. It serves as a reminder of the original sin and the subsequent curse that brought pain and toil into human existence.

is short of days
The brevity of life is a recurring theme in the Bible, and here it is expressed through the Hebrew word "קָצַר" (qatsar), meaning "to be short" or "to be shortened." This reflects the transient nature of human life, echoing the sentiments found in Psalms and Ecclesiastes about the fleeting nature of our earthly existence. It calls believers to live with an eternal perspective, valuing each moment and seeking to fulfill God's purpose within the limited time allotted to us.

and full of trouble
The Hebrew word for "trouble" is "רֹגֶז" (rogez), which can also mean turmoil or agitation. This word captures the essence of human life as one filled with challenges, suffering, and unrest. In the context of Job, it speaks to the intense personal suffering he endures, yet it also resonates with the broader human condition. This acknowledgment of life's difficulties encourages believers to rely on God's strength and wisdom, trusting in His sovereign plan even amidst trials.

He blossoms like a flower
The imagery of a flower is deeply rooted in the Hebrew understanding of life’s transience. The Hebrew word for "flower" (צִיץ, tzitz) conveys beauty and fragility. Flowers, in their brief bloom, represent the peak of life’s vitality and splendor. In the ancient Near Eastern context, flowers were often used to symbolize the fleeting nature of human existence. This phrase reminds us of the temporary nature of earthly life, echoing the Psalms and Isaiah, where human life is compared to grass and flowers that quickly fade. It serves as a humbling reminder of our mortality and the importance of living a life that honors God, knowing that our time on earth is limited.

then withers
The process of withering signifies decline and the inevitable end of life. The Hebrew root נָבֵל (nabel) means to fade or decay, emphasizing the natural progression from life to death. This reflects the biblical theme of the fall and the curse of mortality that came with sin. In a conservative Christian perspective, this withering is not just a physical decline but also a spiritual reminder of the need for redemption and the hope of eternal life through Christ. It calls believers to focus on spiritual growth and the eternal promises of God rather than the temporary pleasures of this world.

he flees like a shadow
A shadow is an ephemeral and insubstantial image, constantly shifting and disappearing with the movement of the sun. The Hebrew word צֵל (tsel) for "shadow" conveys the idea of something that is fleeting and lacks permanence. In the biblical context, shadows are often used to illustrate the brevity and insubstantial nature of life. This phrase underscores the swift passage of time and the elusive nature of human existence. It encourages believers to seek the substance and reality found in a relationship with God, who is eternal and unchanging, rather than the fleeting shadows of worldly pursuits.

and does not last
The finality of this phrase reinforces the transient nature of human life. The Hebrew word קוּם (qum) means to stand or endure, and its negation here highlights the inability of human life to sustain itself indefinitely. This serves as a sobering reminder of the certainty of death and the importance of preparing for eternity. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this acknowledgment of life’s impermanence points to the hope found in Jesus Christ, who offers eternal life to those who believe. It challenges believers to live with an eternal perspective, investing in what truly lasts—their relationship with God and the impact of their lives on others for His kingdom.

Do You open Your eyes
This phrase suggests an inquiry into God's attentiveness and awareness. In the Hebrew context, "open Your eyes" implies a deliberate act of observation and scrutiny. The Hebrew word for "open" is "pāqaḥ," which conveys the idea of uncovering or revealing. Job is questioning why God would focus His divine attention on a mere mortal, highlighting the vast difference between God's infinite nature and human frailty. This reflects Job's struggle to understand why God would concern Himself with human affairs, especially in the midst of suffering.

to one like this?
Here, Job refers to himself and humanity in general, emphasizing human frailty and insignificance. The phrase "one like this" underscores the transient and flawed nature of human beings. In the Hebrew text, the word "zeh" (this) is used, which can denote something specific or particular. Job is expressing a sense of humility and bewilderment, questioning why God would focus on someone so insignificant and flawed. This reflects a broader theological theme in the Book of Job: the contrast between divine majesty and human limitation.

Will You bring him into judgment
This phrase raises the issue of divine justice and accountability. The Hebrew word for "judgment" is "mishpat," which encompasses the idea of justice, law, and decision-making. Job is grappling with the concept of being judged by an all-knowing and all-powerful God. He is aware of his own imperfections and is questioning the fairness and purpose of divine judgment. This reflects a central theme in the Book of Job: the struggle to understand the nature of God's justice in the face of human suffering.

before You?
The phrase "before You" indicates standing in the presence of God, which in the Hebrew context implies being subject to His authority and scrutiny. The Hebrew word "panim" (before) often denotes being in the face or presence of someone, suggesting a direct and personal encounter. Job is expressing a sense of vulnerability and awe at the prospect of being judged by God Himself. This highlights the intimate and personal nature of the relationship between God and humanity, as well as the fear and reverence that come with being in God's presence.

Who can bring
The phrase "Who can bring" suggests an inquiry into the capability or power of an individual or entity. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "yitten," which implies giving or producing. This question reflects Job's deep understanding of human limitations and the divine nature of God. It is a rhetorical question that emphasizes the impossibility of humans achieving purity or righteousness on their own. In the broader biblical context, this points to the need for divine intervention and grace, as seen throughout Scripture, where God is the one who purifies and sanctifies.

out clean
The term "clean" in Hebrew is "tahor," which denotes purity, both in a physical and moral sense. In the Old Testament, cleanliness is often associated with ritual purity, necessary for worship and communion with God. The concept of cleanliness is deeply rooted in the Levitical laws, where specific guidelines were given to distinguish between clean and unclean. Spiritually, this cleanliness is symbolic of holiness and righteousness, qualities that are ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who cleanses believers from sin.

from unclean?
The word "unclean" is translated from the Hebrew "tame," which refers to impurity or defilement. This term is frequently used in the context of ceremonial law, where contact with certain objects or conditions rendered a person unclean. Theologically, it represents the fallen state of humanity, marred by sin and separation from God. The juxtaposition of clean and unclean highlights the chasm between God's holiness and human sinfulness, underscoring the need for redemption and the transformative power of God's grace.

No one!
This emphatic declaration, "No one," underscores the absolute impossibility of achieving purity through human effort. It reflects the doctrine of total depravity, which teaches that sin affects every part of human nature, rendering individuals incapable of attaining righteousness on their own. This statement points to the necessity of divine intervention, as only God can purify and redeem. In the New Testament, this is fulfilled through Jesus Christ, whose sacrifice makes it possible for the unclean to be made clean, offering hope and salvation to all who believe.

Since his days are determined
The phrase "his days are determined" reflects the Hebrew word "ḥāqaq," which means to inscribe or decree. This suggests that human life is not random but is under the sovereign control of God. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the idea of a deity determining the lifespan of individuals was common, yet in the biblical narrative, it emphasizes God's intimate involvement and authority over human life. This understanding can inspire believers to trust in God's perfect plan and timing, knowing that their lives are in His hands.

the number of his months is with You
The phrase "the number of his months is with You" underscores the concept of divine omniscience and sovereignty. The Hebrew word "mispar" (number) indicates a precise and specific count, suggesting that God not only knows the length of our lives but has also ordained it. This can be a source of comfort, as it reassures believers that God is aware of every detail of their existence. In a world where uncertainty often prevails, this truth encourages Christians to rest in the knowledge that God is in control.

and You have set limits he cannot exceed
The phrase "You have set limits he cannot exceed" uses the Hebrew word "ḥāqaq" again, emphasizing the idea of boundaries or decrees. This reflects the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and the limitations of human autonomy. In the ancient world, boundaries were often seen as protective measures, and here, it suggests that God's limits are for our ultimate good. This can inspire believers to live within God's ordained boundaries, trusting that His limits are expressions of His love and wisdom. It also serves as a reminder of human mortality and the importance of living a life that honors God within the time He has given.

So look away from him
In this phrase, Job is pleading with God to turn His gaze away from him. The Hebrew root for "look away" is "שָׁעָה" (sha'ah), which can mean to turn aside or to disregard. Job feels overwhelmed by God's scrutiny and desires a reprieve. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern understanding of divine attention, where being under the constant watch of a deity could be both a blessing and a burden. Job's request is not out of irreverence but a deep yearning for relief from his suffering.

and let him rest
The word "rest" here is derived from the Hebrew "חָדַל" (chadal), meaning to cease or desist. Job longs for a cessation of his trials, akin to the Sabbath rest that God ordained for His people. This rest is not merely physical but a holistic peace that Job seeks amidst his turmoil. In the broader scriptural context, rest is often associated with divine blessing and restoration, pointing to the ultimate rest found in God.

till he fulfills his days
The phrase "fulfills his days" suggests the completion of one's appointed time on earth. The Hebrew "מָלֵא" (male') implies fullness or completion. Job acknowledges the sovereignty of God over the span of human life, recognizing that each person has a divinely appointed time. This reflects the biblical theme of life as a journey with a predetermined end, encouraging believers to trust in God's timing and purpose.

like a hired hand
The comparison to a "hired hand" or "שָׂכִיר" (sakhir) in Hebrew, evokes the image of a laborer who works for a set period and then receives rest and reward. In ancient times, hired hands were common, and their work was temporary and contractual. Job sees his life as laborious and temporary, yearning for the rest that comes after fulfilling his earthly duties. This metaphor underscores the transient nature of human life and the hope of eventual rest and recompense, resonating with the Christian belief in eternal rest after life's labors.

For there is hope for a tree
The word "hope" in Hebrew is "תִּקְוָה" (tiqvah), which conveys a sense of expectation and trust. In the context of Job, this hope is not just a wishful thought but a confident expectation rooted in the natural order established by God. The imagery of a tree is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing life, growth, and resilience. Trees are deeply rooted, drawing sustenance from the earth, much like believers draw spiritual sustenance from their faith in God.

if it is cut down
The phrase "cut down" suggests a violent or abrupt end, yet it is not final. In the Hebrew context, the cutting down of a tree can symbolize judgment or suffering. Job, in his affliction, feels cut down by his circumstances. However, the imagery here is not one of despair but of potential renewal. This reflects the biblical theme that God can bring life out of death and hope out of despair.

it will sprout again
The Hebrew word for "sprout" is "חָלַף" (chalaph), meaning to renew or change. This word carries the connotation of transformation and new beginnings. In the natural world, a tree that sprouts again after being cut down is a testament to resilience and the life-giving power of God. Spiritually, this suggests that even in the darkest times, there is potential for renewal and restoration through God's grace.

and its tender shoots will not fail
"Tender shoots" in Hebrew is "יֹנְקָה" (yonqah), referring to young, fresh growth. These shoots are delicate yet full of potential, symbolizing new life and hope. The assurance that they "will not fail" speaks to the faithfulness of God's promises. In the broader biblical narrative, this reflects the idea that God's purposes will prevail, and His plans for renewal and restoration are certain.

If its roots grow old
The imagery of roots growing old suggests a deep-seated foundation that has endured over time. In Hebrew, the word for "roots" is "שָׁרָשִׁים" (sharashim), which implies a source of life and stability. Roots are essential for nourishment and growth, symbolizing the underlying strength and resilience of a person or community. In the context of Job, this phrase can be seen as a metaphor for the enduring faith and foundational beliefs that sustain a person through life's trials. Despite the passage of time and the weariness that may come with it, these roots remain a vital source of life.

in the ground
The ground, or "אֶרֶץ" (eretz) in Hebrew, represents the earth or soil, which is the nurturing environment for growth. Biblically, the ground is often seen as God's creation, a place where life is sustained and renewed. In this verse, the ground symbolizes the world in which we live, with all its challenges and opportunities for growth. It is a reminder of our connection to creation and the divine providence that sustains us.

and its stump dies
The stump, "גֶּזַע" (geza) in Hebrew, is what remains after a tree has been cut down. It signifies what is left after loss or destruction. The death of the stump can be seen as a metaphor for the end of vitality or the cessation of life as it was known. In the context of Job's suffering, this phrase reflects the apparent finality and hopelessness that can accompany profound loss. However, it also sets the stage for the possibility of renewal and resurrection, themes that are central to the Christian faith.

in the soil
The soil, "עָפָר" (afar) in Hebrew, is the dust or earth from which life springs forth. It is a symbol of humility and mortality, reminding us of our origins and our return to the earth. In the biblical narrative, soil is both a place of burial and a source of new life. This duality reflects the Christian belief in death and resurrection, where what seems to be the end is often the beginning of something new. The soil, therefore, is a place of transformation and hope, where God can bring forth life even from apparent death.

Yet at the scent of water
This phrase evokes a powerful image of hope and renewal. The Hebrew word for "scent" (רֵיחַ, reyach) suggests not just a physical smell but an anticipation or awareness of something life-giving. In the arid regions of the Near East, water is a precious and life-sustaining resource. The mere presence or promise of water can transform a barren landscape into a thriving one. Spiritually, this can be seen as a metaphor for the refreshing and life-giving presence of God’s Spirit, which revives and restores the soul. In the broader biblical narrative, water often symbolizes cleansing, renewal, and the Holy Spirit (John 7:37-39).

it will bud
The Hebrew verb used here, "צָמַח" (tsamach), means to sprout or grow. This word conveys a sense of new beginnings and the potential for life even after apparent death or dormancy. In the context of Job's suffering, this budding represents the hope of restoration and the possibility of new life emerging from despair. Biblically, this can be linked to the resurrection theme, where life triumphs over death, as seen in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, which is the ultimate hope for believers.

and put forth twigs
The imagery of putting forth twigs suggests growth and expansion. The Hebrew word "קָצִיר" (qatsir) refers to the act of producing new shoots or branches. This signifies not just survival but thriving and flourishing. In a spiritual sense, it reflects the believer's growth in faith and righteousness, even amidst trials. The process of putting forth twigs can be likened to the sanctification process, where believers grow in their spiritual walk and bear fruit for God's kingdom (Galatians 5:22-23).

like a sapling
A sapling is a young tree, full of potential and promise. The Hebrew term "נֵצֶר" (netser) used here can also mean a shoot or branch, often associated with the Messianic prophecy in Isaiah 11:1, where a shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse. This connection underscores the theme of hope and redemption, pointing to Jesus Christ as the ultimate fulfillment of God's promise to bring life and salvation. For Job, the sapling represents the hope of restoration and the assurance that God can bring life out of death, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture and offers encouragement to believers facing their own trials.

But a man
The Hebrew word for "man" here is "gever," which often denotes a strong or mighty man. This term emphasizes the inherent strength and dignity of humanity, created in the image of God. Despite this strength, the verse highlights the universal truth of human mortality. In the broader biblical context, this serves as a humbling reminder of the limitations of human life compared to the eternal nature of God.

dies
The Hebrew verb "muwth" is used here, which simply means to die or perish. This word is a stark reminder of the consequence of sin entering the world through Adam, as described in Genesis. Death is the inevitable end for all humanity, a theme that runs throughout the book of Job, emphasizing the transient nature of earthly life and the need for a savior.

and is laid low
The phrase "is laid low" comes from the Hebrew "chalah," which can mean to be weak, sick, or to be brought down. This imagery suggests not just the physical act of dying but the humbling process of being reduced from life to death. It reflects the biblical theme of human frailty and the ultimate leveling of all people, regardless of status or strength, before God.

he breathes his last
The Hebrew word "gava" is used here, meaning to expire or to give up the ghost. This phrase captures the moment of death, the final breath that signifies the departure of life. In the biblical narrative, breath is often associated with the spirit or life force given by God (Genesis 2:7). The cessation of breath marks the return of the spirit to God, as Ecclesiastes 12:7 suggests.

and where is he?
This rhetorical question underscores the mystery and uncertainty surrounding death. In the context of Job, it reflects Job's struggle with understanding the afterlife and the fate of the soul. The question invites contemplation on the eternal destiny of humanity, pointing to the hope of resurrection and eternal life found in the New Testament through Jesus Christ. It challenges believers to consider their own mortality and the assurance of salvation through faith.

As water disappears from the sea
This phrase evokes the imagery of something seemingly impossible or unnatural. In the Hebrew context, the sea often symbolizes chaos and the unknown, yet it is also a vast and seemingly inexhaustible source of water. The Hebrew word for "sea" is "yam," which can represent both literal seas and metaphorical depths. The disappearance of water from the sea suggests a profound transformation or loss, reflecting Job's feelings of despair and the seeming impossibility of restoration. It underscores the transient nature of life and the inevitability of change, reminding us of the divine power that governs even the most stable elements of creation.

and a river becomes parched and dry
The imagery of a river drying up is a powerful symbol of desolation and the cessation of life-giving resources. In the ancient Near East, rivers were vital for survival, agriculture, and prosperity. The Hebrew word for "river" is "nahar," which often signifies a source of sustenance and blessing. The drying of a river represents the withdrawal of divine favor and the fragility of human existence. This phrase highlights the theme of mortality and the unpredictability of life, echoing Job's lament over the fleeting nature of human joy and the certainty of suffering. It serves as a poignant reminder of our dependence on God's provision and the hope of renewal even in the face of apparent desolation.

so man lies down
The phrase "lies down" in Hebrew is "שָׁכַב" (shakab), which often refers to the act of lying down in death. In the context of Job, this phrase underscores the inevitability of death for all humanity. It reflects the somber reality that life is transient and that death is a common destiny. This imagery of lying down suggests a finality, a rest from the toils and struggles of life, which is a recurring theme in the wisdom literature of the Old Testament.

and does not rise
The Hebrew word for "rise" is "קוּם" (qum), which means to stand up or to arise. In this context, it emphasizes the permanence of death from a human perspective. Job is expressing a deep sense of hopelessness, as he perceives death as an irreversible state. This reflects the ancient Near Eastern understanding of death as a one-way journey, a sentiment that is echoed in other parts of the Old Testament.

Until the heavens are no more
This phrase suggests an eschatological perspective, pointing to a time when the current order of creation will cease to exist. The heavens, in biblical terms, often represent the established order and the divine realm. Job is using hyperbolic language to express the permanence of death, implying that only a cosmic event of unimaginable magnitude could reverse it. This reflects the ancient belief in the stability and permanence of the heavens, which were seen as enduring and unchanging.

he will not awake
The word "awake" in Hebrew is "עָרוּץ" (arutz), which conveys the idea of waking from sleep. In the context of death, it suggests the impossibility of returning to life. Job is lamenting the finality of death, using the metaphor of sleep to describe the state of the dead. This metaphor is common in biblical literature, where death is often depicted as a deep sleep from which there is no awakening without divine intervention.

or be roused from his sleep
The term "roused" in Hebrew is "עוּר" (ur), which means to be awakened or stirred. This reinforces the idea that death is a state of inactivity and unconsciousness. Job's use of the sleep metaphor highlights the helplessness of humanity in the face of death. It underscores the need for divine action to overcome the power of death, a theme that finds its ultimate resolution in the New Testament with the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

If only You would hide me
The phrase "If only You would hide me" reflects Job's deep yearning for divine intervention and protection. The Hebrew word for "hide" is "סָתַר" (satar), which conveys the idea of being concealed or sheltered. In the context of Job's suffering, this plea is not just for physical concealment but for a spiritual refuge from his overwhelming trials. Job desires a temporary reprieve from his afflictions, seeking solace in the hope that God might shield him from further pain.

in Sheol
"Sheol" is a term used in the Hebrew Bible to describe the realm of the dead, a shadowy place where the departed reside. It is not equivalent to the Christian concept of hell but rather a neutral place of waiting. Job's request to be hidden in Sheol indicates his wish for a pause in his suffering, a place where he can be free from earthly troubles until God's wrath subsides. This reflects the ancient Near Eastern understanding of the afterlife, where Sheol was seen as a temporary holding place rather than a final destination.

and conceal me until Your anger has passed!
The word "conceal" here is again derived from "סָתַר" (satar), emphasizing Job's desire for protection. The phrase "until Your anger has passed" acknowledges God's righteous indignation, which Job perceives as the cause of his suffering. Job's plea is rooted in the belief that God's anger is temporary and that there will be a time when His favor is restored. This reflects a deep faith in God's ultimate justice and mercy, even amidst severe trials.

If only You would appoint a time for me
The phrase "appoint a time" suggests a longing for divine order and timing. The Hebrew word "קָצַב" (qatsab) implies setting a limit or determining a period. Job is expressing a hope that God has a predetermined plan for his suffering, a specific duration after which relief will come. This reflects a trust in God's sovereignty and the belief that He is in control of all circumstances, even those that seem chaotic and unjust.

and then remember me!
To "remember" in Hebrew, "זָכַר" (zakar), is more than recalling; it implies taking action on behalf of someone. Job's plea for God to "remember" him is a request for divine intervention and restoration. It is a cry for God to act in accordance with His covenantal faithfulness. Job's faith is evident in his belief that God will not forget him but will ultimately bring about redemption and vindication. This reflects a profound trust in God's character and His promises to His people.

When a man dies
The phrase "when a man dies" addresses the inevitable reality of human mortality. In Hebrew, the word for "man" here is "geber," which often emphasizes strength or might. This highlights the paradox that even the strongest of men cannot escape death. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern understanding of life’s fragility and the universal human experience of death. Job, in his suffering, is contemplating the finality of death, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, reminding us of the brevity of life and the importance of living with an eternal perspective.

will he live again?
This rhetorical question reflects Job's deep yearning for hope beyond the grave. The Hebrew word for "live" is "chayah," which means to live, revive, or recover. This question is central to the human quest for understanding life after death. In the context of the Old Testament, the concept of resurrection was not fully developed, yet Job's question hints at an innate hope for life beyond death. This anticipates the fuller revelation of resurrection found in the New Testament, where believers are assured of eternal life through Christ.

All the days of my hard service
The phrase "hard service" translates from the Hebrew "tsaba," which can mean warfare or appointed time. Job likens his life to a soldier's duty, filled with toil and struggle. This metaphor underscores the trials and tribulations that believers may face in their earthly journey. Historically, this reflects the ancient understanding of life as a series of challenges to be endured. For Christians, it serves as a reminder that life’s difficulties are temporary and part of a larger divine purpose.

I will wait
The act of waiting, from the Hebrew "yachal," implies hope and expectation. Job’s declaration of waiting is an expression of faith amidst suffering. It suggests a patient endurance and trust in God’s timing. In the broader biblical narrative, waiting is often associated with faithfulness and reliance on God’s promises. This encourages believers to remain steadfast in trials, trusting that God is at work even when His plans are not immediately visible.

until my renewal comes
The word "renewal" is translated from the Hebrew "chaliphah," which can mean change or relief. Job anticipates a transformation or restoration, a theme that resonates with the Christian hope of resurrection and renewal through Christ. This reflects the biblical promise of new life and restoration for those who trust in God. Historically, this hope for renewal is a testament to the enduring belief in God’s power to bring life from death, a cornerstone of Christian faith that assures believers of their future resurrection and eternal life with God.

You will call
In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "תִּקְרָא" (tiqra), which is derived from the root "קָרָא" (qara), meaning "to call" or "to summon." This word often implies a personal and intentional act of reaching out. In the context of Job, it suggests a divine initiative, where God actively seeks out His creation. This reflects the personal relationship God desires with humanity, emphasizing His sovereignty and the hope that He will ultimately restore and redeem.

and I will answer You
The phrase "וַאֲנִי אֶעֱנֶךָּ" (va'ani e'enecha) highlights a responsive relationship between God and man. The root "עָנָה" (anah) means "to answer" or "to respond." Job expresses a deep faith that when God calls, he will be ready to respond. This reflects the biblical theme of obedience and readiness to follow God's will, underscoring the hope and trust in divine justice and timing.

You will long for
The Hebrew word "תִּכְסֹף" (tikhsof) comes from the root "כָּסַף" (kasaf), meaning "to long for" or "to desire." This word conveys a deep yearning or desire, often associated with love and compassion. In this context, it suggests that God has a profound longing for His creation, highlighting His love and the intimate relationship He seeks with humanity. This is a comforting reminder of God's enduring love and desire for reconciliation with His people.

the creature Your hands have made
The phrase "לְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ" (le'ma'aseh yadecha) refers to the work of God's hands, emphasizing the personal and intentional act of creation. The word "מַעֲשֶׂה" (ma'aseh) means "work" or "deed," and "יָדַיִם" (yadayim) means "hands." This imagery underscores the intimate involvement of God in the creation of humanity, reflecting the biblical truth that humans are made in the image of God (Genesis 1:27). It serves as a reminder of the value and dignity bestowed upon humanity by their Creator, and the hope that God will not abandon the work of His hands.

For then You would count my steps
This phrase reflects Job's understanding of God's omniscience and meticulous attention to the details of human life. The Hebrew word for "count" is "saphar," which implies a careful and deliberate enumeration. In the ancient Near Eastern context, counting steps could symbolize God's intimate knowledge and involvement in the daily lives of individuals. Job acknowledges that God is aware of every action, every step he takes, which underscores the belief in a personal God who is deeply involved in His creation. This awareness can be both comforting and daunting, as it suggests that nothing escapes God's notice.

but would not keep track of my sin
Here, Job expresses a hope or wish that God, while being aware of his every step, would choose not to "keep track" of his sins. The Hebrew word for "keep track" is "shamar," which means to guard, watch, or preserve. In this context, it suggests the idea of God not holding onto or recording Job's sins. This reflects a deep yearning for divine mercy and forgiveness, a theme that resonates throughout the Bible. Job's plea is for a relationship with God that transcends mere legalistic accounting of sins, pointing towards a grace that overlooks transgressions. Historically, this reflects the ancient understanding of sin and atonement, where sacrifices and repentance were means to seek God's forgiveness. Job's statement is a profound expression of faith in God's capacity for mercy, even amidst suffering and confusion.

My transgression
The Hebrew word for "transgression" is "pesha," which implies a rebellion or breach of trust. In the context of Job, this word reflects the deep sense of personal sin and moral failure that Job feels. Despite his suffering, Job acknowledges his imperfections and the ways he may have fallen short of God's standards. This acknowledgment is crucial in the conservative Christian perspective, as it aligns with the belief in the inherent sinfulness of humanity and the need for divine grace.

would be sealed
The imagery of sealing suggests finality and security. In ancient times, sealing a document or item was a way to ensure its contents were preserved and protected from tampering. Here, Job uses this metaphor to express the idea that his sins are securely recorded and cannot be altered by human means. This reflects the biblical theme that God is the ultimate judge who sees and knows all, and nothing is hidden from His sight.

in a bag
The "bag" symbolizes containment and concealment. In the ancient Near Eastern context, valuable items or important documents were often stored in bags for safekeeping. Job's use of this metaphor indicates his belief that God has stored away his sins, keeping them in His memory. This aligns with the conservative Christian understanding that God is omniscient and keeps a record of human actions, both good and bad.

and You would cover over
The phrase "cover over" comes from the Hebrew word "kaphar," which is often associated with atonement and forgiveness. In the sacrificial system of the Old Testament, covering over sins was a way to reconcile with God. Job's hope that God would cover his iniquity points to a desire for divine mercy and forgiveness, a theme central to Christian theology. It foreshadows the ultimate covering of sin through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ.

my iniquity
"Iniquity" translates from the Hebrew word "avon," which denotes guilt or moral perversity. Job's reference to his iniquity highlights his awareness of the depth of his moral failings. In the conservative Christian view, this acknowledgment is essential for repentance and redemption. It underscores the belief that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, necessitating a Savior who can cleanse and restore.

But as a mountain
The imagery of a mountain in the Bible often symbolizes strength, stability, and permanence. In Hebrew, the word for mountain is "har," which conveys a sense of grandeur and immovability. Job uses this metaphor to contrast the seeming permanence of mountains with the frailty of human life. Mountains, despite their size and strength, are subject to the forces of nature, just as humans are subject to the trials and tribulations of life. This reflects the biblical theme that only God is truly unchanging and eternal.

erodes and crumbles
The process of erosion and crumbling signifies gradual decay and the inevitable passage of time. The Hebrew root for "erodes" is "balah," which means to wear away or decay. This imagery serves as a powerful reminder of the transient nature of the physical world. In a spiritual context, it underscores the biblical teaching that earthly life is temporary and that believers should focus on eternal truths. The erosion of a mountain, something seemingly indestructible, parallels the human experience of aging and mortality.

and a rock is dislodged
Rocks, like mountains, are often seen as symbols of strength and reliability. The Hebrew word for rock is "tsur," which is frequently used in the Bible to describe God as a refuge and source of strength. The dislodging of a rock suggests a sudden and unexpected change, highlighting the unpredictability of life. This serves as a metaphor for the trials that can shake even the most steadfast individuals. It is a call to place one's trust in God, the ultimate "Rock," who remains unshaken by the storms of life.

from its place
The phrase "from its place" indicates a loss of position or status. In the Hebrew context, "makom" (place) often refers to a designated or appointed position. The dislodging of a rock from its place can symbolize the upheaval and displacement that occur in life. This reflects the biblical understanding that human plans and positions are subject to change, and it is God who ultimately determines our place and purpose. It encourages believers to seek their identity and security in their relationship with God, rather than in worldly achievements or positions.

as water wears away stones
The imagery of water wearing away stones is a powerful metaphor for the relentless passage of time and the inevitable erosion of even the most seemingly permanent things. In Hebrew, the word for "water" is "מַיִם" (mayim), which often symbolizes chaos and change in the Bible. Stones, or "אֶבֶן" (even), represent strength and stability. This phrase suggests that just as water persistently erodes stone, life's trials and tribulations gradually wear down human resilience and fortitude. Historically, this reflects the ancient understanding of natural processes, where water's persistent flow can carve through rock, symbolizing the slow but certain impact of suffering and time on human life.

and torrents wash away the soil
The word "torrents" refers to powerful, rushing streams of water, which in Hebrew is "שֶׁטֶף" (sheteph). This conveys a sense of sudden and overwhelming force. The "soil," or "עָפָר" (afar), represents the foundation and sustenance of life, as soil is essential for growth and nourishment. The imagery here is of a sudden, destructive force that strips away the very ground beneath one's feet, leaving nothing stable to stand on. This can be seen as a metaphor for unexpected calamities that uproot and destabilize a person's life, echoing the unpredictability and severity of trials that Job himself experiences.

so You destroy a man's hope
The phrase "You destroy" is directed towards God, acknowledging His sovereignty and ultimate control over human affairs. The Hebrew root for "destroy" is "שָׁחַת" (shachat), which implies corruption or ruin. "Hope," or "תִּקְוָה" (tikvah), is a central theme in the Book of Job, representing the expectation of future good. In this context, Job is expressing a deep sense of despair, feeling that just as natural forces erode and wash away, so too does God allow or even cause the erosion of human hope. This reflects Job's struggle to reconcile his understanding of God's justice with his own suffering. From a conservative Christian perspective, this verse challenges believers to trust in God's ultimate plan, even when hope seems lost, reminding them of the New Testament promise that hope in Christ is never in vain.

You forever overpower him
The Hebrew root for "overpower" is "gabar," which conveys the idea of prevailing or being mighty. In the context of Job, this phrase reflects the omnipotence of God over human life. Job acknowledges that God’s power is absolute and eternal, emphasizing the divine sovereignty that surpasses human strength. Historically, this understanding of God’s might would resonate deeply with the ancient Near Eastern context, where deities were often seen as controlling the fate of humanity. Job’s lament here is a recognition of God’s ultimate authority over life and death, a theme that runs throughout the book.

and he passes on
The phrase "passes on" comes from the Hebrew "halak," meaning to go or walk. This suggests the transient nature of human life, a journey that inevitably leads to death. In the broader scriptural context, this reflects the biblical theme of life’s brevity, as seen in Psalms and Ecclesiastes. Job’s acknowledgment of this transience is a poignant reminder of the human condition, encouraging believers to live with an awareness of life’s fleeting nature and the eternal perspective offered through faith.

You change his countenance
The word "countenance" is translated from the Hebrew "panim," which can mean face or presence. The changing of one’s countenance implies a transformation, often associated with death in this context. This transformation is not just physical but also spiritual, as the face often represents one’s identity and essence. In the ancient world, the face was seen as a reflection of one’s inner state. Job’s observation here underscores the inevitability of death and the profound change it brings, a change orchestrated by God’s will.

and send him away
The phrase "send him away" is derived from the Hebrew "shalach," meaning to send or dispatch. This conveys the idea of God’s active role in the transition from life to death. In the historical and scriptural context, this reflects the belief in God’s control over the timing and circumstances of death. Job’s use of this phrase highlights the divine prerogative in determining the end of a person’s earthly journey, reinforcing the theme of God’s sovereignty and the trust believers must place in His divine plan.

If his sons receive honor
The Hebrew word for "sons" here is "בָּנִים" (banim), which can refer to literal sons or descendants. In the context of Job, it reflects the deep familial connections and the legacy one leaves behind. The word "honor" is translated from "כָּבוֹד" (kavod), which signifies glory, respect, or weightiness. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the honor of one's children was a reflection of the parent's success and legacy. Job laments that in death, he is disconnected from the joys and achievements of his offspring, highlighting the transient nature of earthly accolades.

he does not know it
The phrase underscores the separation between the living and the dead. The Hebrew root "יָדַע" (yada) means to know, perceive, or understand. In the context of Job's suffering, this lack of awareness emphasizes the finality and isolation of death. It reflects a worldview where the dead are cut off from the affairs of the living, unable to share in their triumphs or sorrows. This notion challenges the reader to consider the limitations of human understanding and the importance of faith in God's eternal perspective.

if they are brought low
The phrase "brought low" comes from the Hebrew "שָׁפֵל" (shafel), meaning to be humbled or reduced in status. This reflects the vulnerability of human life and the unpredictable nature of fortune. In the ancient world, a family's status could change rapidly due to external circumstances. Job's reflection here is poignant, as it acknowledges the potential for suffering and disgrace that can befall one's descendants, further emphasizing the helplessness of the deceased to intervene or provide support.

he is unaware of it
The repetition of the theme of unawareness reinforces the chasm between life and death. The Hebrew "בִּין" (bin) means to discern or understand. Job's lamentation is not just about personal loss but also about the broader existential reality that death severs the ties of earthly relationships. This lack of awareness serves as a reminder of the limitations of human existence and the need for reliance on divine wisdom and providence.

He feels
The Hebrew root for "feels" is "yāḏaʿ," which often conveys a deep, intimate knowledge or awareness. In this context, it suggests an acute personal experience of suffering. Job is expressing the profound personal nature of his pain, emphasizing that it is not just a physical sensation but an intimate, consuming awareness of his own suffering. This highlights the isolation that often accompanies deep personal trials, where one's pain becomes a solitary experience.

only the pain
The word "pain" here is derived from the Hebrew "kaʾaḇ," which can refer to both physical and emotional suffering. Job's use of "only" underscores the exclusivity and intensity of his experience. In the broader context of the Book of Job, this pain is not just a physical ailment but also a spiritual and emotional turmoil, reflecting the comprehensive nature of human suffering. It serves as a reminder of the fallen state of the world and the personal trials that each individual must endure.

of his own body
The phrase "his own body" emphasizes the personal and physical aspect of Job's suffering. The Hebrew word for "body" is "bāśār," which can also mean "flesh." This highlights the tangible, corporeal nature of Job's afflictions. In the ancient Near Eastern context, physical suffering was often seen as a manifestation of spiritual or moral issues, yet Job's plight challenges this notion, as he is portrayed as a righteous man enduring inexplicable suffering.

and mourns
"Mourns" comes from the Hebrew "ʾāḇal," which conveys a deep, sorrowful lamentation. Mourning in the ancient world was a profound expression of grief, often involving rituals and public displays of sorrow. Job's mourning is deeply personal, reflecting not only his physical pain but also his existential anguish and the loss of his former life. It is a testament to the depth of his despair and the human capacity for profound grief.

only for himself
The repetition of "only" in this phrase underscores the solitary nature of Job's mourning. The Hebrew "nā·p̄eš," often translated as "soul" or "self," indicates that Job's grief is deeply internalized. This highlights the isolation that suffering can bring, where one's focus narrows to their own pain and loss. In the broader biblical narrative, this serves as a poignant reminder of the need for empathy and support for those in the depths of personal suffering.