Bible Dictionary: Stranger

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Smith's Bible Dictionary

Stranger

A "stranger," in the technical sense of the term, may be defined to be a person of foreign, i.e. non-Israelitish, extraction resident within the limits of the promised land. He was distinct from the proper "foreigner," inasmuch as the latter still belonged to another country, and would only visit Palestine as a traveller: he was still more distinct from the "nations," or non-Israelite peoples. The term may be compared with our expression "naturalized foreigner." The terms applied to the "stranger" have special reference to the fact of residing in the land. The existence of such a class of persons among the Israelites is easily accounted for the "mixed multitude" that accompanied them out of Egypt, (Exodus 12:38) formed one element the Canaanitish Population,which was never wholly extirpated from their native soil, formed another and a still more important one captives taken in war formed a third; fugitives, hired servants, merchants, etc., formed a fourth. With the exception of the Moabites and Ammonites, (23:3) all nations were admissible to the rights of citizenship under certain conditions. The stranger appears to have been eligible to all civil offices, that of king excepted. (17:15) In regard to religion, it was absolutely necessary that the stranger should not infringe any of the fundamental laws of the Israelitish state. If he were a bondman, he was obliged to submit to circumcision, (Exodus 12:44) if he were independent, it was optional with him but if he remained uncircumcised, he was prohibited from partaking of the Passover, (Exodus 12:48) and could not be regarded as a full citizen. Liberty was also given to an uncircumcised stranger in regard to the use of prohibited food. Assuming, however, that the stranger was circumcised, no distinction existed in regard to legal rights ha between the stranger and the Israelite; to the Israelite is enjoined to treat him as a brother. (Leviticus 19:34; 10:19) It also appears that the "stranger" formed the class whence the hirelings were drawn; the terms being coupled together in (Exodus 12:45; Leviticus 22:10; 25:6,40) The liberal spirit of the Mosaic regulations respecting strangers presents a strong contrast to the rigid exclusiveness of the Jews at the commencement of the Christian era. The growth of this spirit dates from the time of the Babylonish captivity.

ATS Bible Dictionary

Stranger

Is sometimes used in a special sense, easily understood from the context. It usually denotes a foreigner, who is not a native of the land in which he resides, Genesis 23:4. The Mosaic Law enjoined a generous hospitality towards foreign residents, saying, "Thou shalt love him as thyself," Le 19:33,34 De 10:18,19 24:17 27:19. They were subject to the law, Exodus 20:10 Le 16:20, and were admitted to many of the privileges of the chosen people of God, Numbers 9:14 15:14.

The strangers whom David collected to aid in building the temple, 1 Chronicles 22:2, probably comprised many of the remnants of the Canaanite tribes, 1 Kings 9:20,21. Hospitality to strangers, including all travellers, was the duty of all good citizens, Job 31:32 Hebrews 13:2.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

This word generally denotes a person from a foreign land residing in Palestine. Such persons enjoyed many privileges in common with the Jews, but still were separate from them. The relation of the Jews to strangers was regulated by special laws (Deuteronomy 23:3; 24:14-21; 25:5; 26:10-13). A special signification is also sometimes attached to this word. In Genesis 23:4 it denotes one resident in a foreign land; Exodus 23:9, one who is not a Jew; Numbers 3:10, one who is not of the family of Aaron; Psalm 69:8, an alien or an unknown person. The Jews were allowed to purchase strangers as slaves (Leviticus 25:44, 45), and to take usury from them (Deuteronomy 23:20).

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

1. (n.) One who is strange, foreign, or unknown.

2. (n.) One who comes from a foreign land; a foreigner.

3. (n.) One whose home is at a distance from the place where he is, but in the same country.

4. (n.) One who is unknown or unacquainted; as, the gentleman is a stranger to me; hence, one not admitted to communication, fellowship, or acquaintance.

5. (n.) One not belonging to the family or household; a guest; a visitor.

6. (n.) One not privy or party an act, contract, or title; a mere intruder or intermeddler; one who interferes without right; as, actual possession of land gives a good title against a stranger having no title; as to strangers, a mortgage is considered merely as a pledge; a mere stranger to the levy.

7. (v. t.) To estrange; to alienate.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

STRANGER AND SOJOURNER (IN THE APOCRYPHA AND THE NEW TESTAMENT)

The technical meaning attaching to the Hebrew terms is not present in the Greek words translated "stranger" and "sojourner," and the distinctions made by English Versions of the Bible are partly only to give uniformity in the translation. For "stranger" the usual Greek word is xenos, meaning primarily "guest" and so appearing in the combination "hatred toward guests" in The Wisdom of Solomon 19:13 (misoxenia). Xenos is the most common word for "stranger" in the New Testament (Matthew 25:35, etc.), but it seems not to be used by itself with this force in the Apocrypha. Almost equally common in the New Testament is allotrios, "belonging to another" (Matthew 17:25, 26 John 10:5 (bis)), and this is the usual word in the Apocrypha (Sirach 8:18; 1 Maccabees 1:38, etc.), but for some inexplicable reason the Revised Version (British and American) occasionally translates by "alien" (contrast, e.g. 1 Maccabees 1:38; 2:7). Compare the corresponding verb apallotrioo (Ephesians 2:12; Ephesians 4:18 Colossians 1:21). With the definite meaning of "foreigner" are allogenes, "of another nation," the Revised Version (British and American) "stranger" (1 Esdras 8:83; 1 Maccabees 3:45 (the King James Version "alien"); Luke 17:18 (the Revised Version margin "alien")), and allophulos, "of another tribe," the Revised Version (British and American) "stranger" (Baruch 6:5; 1 Maccabees 4:12, etc.) or "of another nation" (Acts 10:28). For "to sojourn" the commonest form is paroikeo, "to dwell beside," the Revised Version (British and American) always "to sojourn" (Judith 5:7; Sirach 41:19; Luke 24:18 (the King James Version "to be a stranger"); Hebrews 11:9). The corresponding noun for "sojourner" is paroikos (Sirach 29:26 (the King James Version "stranger"); Acts 7:6, 26 Ephesians 2:19 1 Peter 2:11), with paroikia, "sojourning" (The Wisdom of Solomon 19:10; Sirach 16:8; Acts 13:17 (the King James Version "dwelling as strangers"); 1 Peter 1:17). In addition, epidemeo, "to be among people," is translated "to sojourn" in Acts 2:10; Acts 17:21, and its compound parepidemos, as "sojourner" in 1 Peter 1:1 (in Hebrews 11:13 1 Peter 2:11, "pilgrim").

Burton Scott Easton

STRANGER AND SOJOURNER (IN THE OLD TESTAMENT)

stranj'-er:

I. THE GER

1. Legal provisions

(1) Principles

(2) Rules

2. Relation to Sacrifice and Ritual

3. Historical Circumstances

II. THE TOSHABH

III. THE NOKHRI OR BEN NEKHAR

1. Marriage

2. Exclusion of Some Races from the Assembly

IV. THE ZAR

Four different Hebrew words must be considered separately:

(1) ger, the American Standard Revised Version "sojourner" or "stranger";

(2) toshabh, the American Standard Revised Version "sojourner";

(3) nokhri, ben nekhar, the American Standard Revised Version "foreigner";

(4) zar, the American Standard Revised Version "stranger."

I. The Ger.

This word with its kindred verb is applied with slightly varying meanings to anyone who resides in a country or a town of which he is not a full native land-owning citizen; e.g., the word is used of the patriarchs in Palestine, the Israelites in Egypt, the Levites dwelling among the Israelites (Deuteronomy 18:6 Judges 17:7, etc.), the Ephraimite in Gibeah (Judges 19:16). It is also particularly used of free aliens residing among the Israelites, and it is with the position of such that this article deals. This position is absolutely unparalleled in early legal systems (A. H. Post, Grundriss der ethnologischen Jurisprudenz, I, 448, note 3), which are usually far from favorable to strangers.

1. Legal Provisions:

(1) Principles.

The dominant principles of the legislation are most succinctly given in two passages: He "loveth the ger in giving him food and raiment" (Deuteronomy 10:18); "And if a ger sojourn with thee (variant "you") in your land, ye shall not do him wrong. The ger that sojourneth with you shall be unto you as the home-born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were gerim in the land of Egypt" (Leviticus 19:33 f). This treatment of the stranger is based partly on historic recollection, partly on the duty of the Israelite to his God. Because the ger would be at a natural disadvantage through his alienage, he becomes one of the favorites of a legislation that gives special protection to the weak and helpless.

(2) Rules.

In nationality the freeman followed his father, so that the son of a ger and an Israelitess was himself a ger (Leviticus 24:10-22). Special care was to be taken to do him no judicial wrong (Deuteronomy 1:16; Deuteronomy 27:19). In what may roughly be called criminal law it was enacted that the same rules should apply to gerim as to natives (Leviticus 18:26, which is due to the conception that certain abominations defile a land; Leviticus 20:2, where the motive is also religious; Leviticus 24:10-22; see SBL, 84;; Numbers 35:15). A free Israelite who became his slave was subject to redemption by a relative at any time on payment of the fair price (Leviticus 25:47). This passage and Deuteronomy 28:43 contemplate the possibility of a stranger's becoming wealthy, but by far the greater number of the legal provisions regard him as probably poor. Thus provision is made for him to participate in tithes (Deuteronomy 14:29; Deuteronomy 26:12), gleanings of various sorts and forgotten sheaves (Leviticus 19:10; Leviticus 23:22 Deuteronomy 24:19, 20, 21), and poor hired servants were not to be oppressed (Deuteronomy 24:14).

2. Relation to Sacrifice and Ritual:

Nearly all the main holy days apply to the ger. He was to rest on the Sabbath (Exodus 20:10; Exodus 23:12, etc.), to rejoice on Weeks and Tabernacles (Deuteronomy 16), to observe the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:29), to have no leaven on the Festival of Unleavened Bread (Exodus 12:19). But he could not keep the Passover unless he underwent circumcision (Exodus 12:48). He could not eat blood at any rate during the wilderness period (Leviticus 17:10-12), and for that period, but not thereafter, he was probihited from eating that which died of itself (Leviticus 17:15 Deuteronomy 14:21) under pain of being unclean until the even. He could offer sacrifices (Leviticus 17:8; Leviticus 22:18 Numbers 15:14 f), and was subject to the same rules as a native for unwitting sins (Numbers 15:22-31), and for purification for uncleanness by reason of contact with a dead body (Numbers 19:10-13).

3. Historical Circumstances:

The historical circumstances were such as to render the position of the resident alien important from the first. A "mixed multitude" went up with the Israelites from Egypt, and after the conquest we find Israelites and the races of Palestine living side by side throughout the country. We repeatedly read of resident aliens in the historical books, e.g. Uriah the Hittite. According to 2 Chronicles 2:17 (Hebrew 16) there was a very large number of such in the days of Solomon, but the figure may be excessive. These seem to have been the remnant of the conquered tribes (1 Kings 9:20 f). Ezekiel in his vision assigned to gerim landed inheritance among the Israelites (47:22). Hospitality to the ger was of course a religious duty and the host would go to any lengths to protect his guest (Genesis 19 Judges 19:24).

II. The Toshabh.

Of the toshabh we know very little. It is possible that the word is practically synonymous with ger, but perhaps it is used of less permanent sojourning. Thus in Leviticus 22:10 it appears to cover anybody residing with a priest. A toshabh could not eat the Passover or the "holy" things of a priest (Exodus 12:45 Leviticus 22:10). His children could be purchased as perpetual slaves, and the law of the Jubilee did not apply to them as to Israelites (Leviticus 25:45). He is expressly mentioned in the law of homicide (Numbers 35:15), but otherwise we have no information as to his legal position. Probably it was similar to that of the ger.

III. The Nokhri Ben Nekhar.

The nokhri or ben nekhar was a foreigner. The word is far wider than those considered above. It covers everything of alien or foreign character regardless of the place of residence. By circumcision a foreign slave could enter into the covenant with Abraham. Foreigners were of course excluded from the Passover (Exodus 12:43), but could offer sacrifices to Israel's God at the religious capital (Leviticus 22:25). The Israelite could exact interest of them (Deuteronomy 23:20) and the payment of debts in cases where an Israelite debtor was protected by the release of Deuteronomy 15:3. Moses forbade the appointment of a foreigner as a ruler (Deuteronomy 17:15, in a law which according to Massoretic Text relates to a "king," but in the preferable text of Septuagint to a ruler generally). Later the worship of God by foreigners from a distance was contemplated and encouraged (1 Kings 8:41-43 Isaiah 2:2; Isaiah 56:3, 6 f; etc.), while the case of Naaman shows that a foreigner might worship Him abroad (2 Kings 5:17). A resident foreigner was of course a ger. The distinction between these three words is perhaps best seen in Exodus 12:43, 45, 48 f. in the first of these verses we have ben nekhar, used to cover "alien" generally; in the last the ger is contemplated as likely to undergo a complete naturalization; while in 12:45 the toshabh is regarded as certain to be outside the religious society.

1. Marriage:

In the earlier period marriages with foreigners are common, though disliked (e.g. Genesis 24:3; Genesis 27:46;; Numbers 12:1 Judges 14:3, etc.). The Law provides for some unions of this kind (Deuteronomy 21:10; compare Numbers 31:18), but later Judaism became more stringent. Moses required the high priest to marry a virgin of his own people (Leviticus 21:14); Ezekiel limited all descendants of Zadok to wives of the house of Israel (44:22); Ezra and Nehemiah carried on a vigorous polemic against the intermarriage of any Jew with foreign women (Ezra 10 Nehemiah 13:23-31).

2. Exclusion of Some Races from Assembly:

Deuteronomy further takes up a hostile attitude to Ammonites and Moabites, excluding them from the assembly of the Lord even to the tenth generation, while the children of the third generation of Edomites and Egyptians could enter it (23:3-8 (Hebrew 4-9)). From 1 Kings 9:20, 21, 24 1 Chronicles 22:2 we learn of the existence of foreign quarters in Israel.

IV. The Zar.

The remaining word zar means "stranger" and takes its coloring from the context. It may mean "stranger in blood," e.g. non-Aaronite (Numbers 16:40 (Heb 17:5)), or non-Levite (e.g. Numbers 1:51), or a non-member of some other defined family (Deuteronomy 25:5). In opposition to priest it means "lay" (Leviticus 22:10-13), and when the contrast is with holy, it denotes "profane" (Exodus 30:9).

SeeFOREIGNER; GENTILES; PROSELYTE; CHERETHITES; PELETHITES; MARRIAGE; COMMERCE.

Harold M. Wiener

Greek

3927. parepidemos -- sojourning in a strange place
... Adjective Transliteration: parepidemos Phonetic Spelling: (par-ep-id'-ay-mos) Short
Definition: residing in a strange country, a stranger Definition: residing ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3927.htm - 7k

3581. xenos -- foreign, a foreigner, guest
... Transliteration: xenos Phonetic Spelling: (xen'-os) Short Definition: new, novel,
a foreigner Definition: alien, new, novel; noun: a guest, stranger, foreigner ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3581.htm - 6k

3939. paroikeo -- to dwell near, ie reside as a foreigner
... Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: paroikeo Phonetic Spelling: (par-oy-keh'-o)
Short Definition: I sojourn Definition: I sojourn, dwell in as a stranger. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3939.htm - 6k

3941. paroikos -- dwelling near, foreign
... dwelling near, foreign. Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: paroikos Phonetic
Spelling: (par'-oy-kos) Short Definition: a stranger, foreigner Definition ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3941.htm - 7k

245. allotrios -- belonging to another
... belonging to another NASB Word Usage another (2), another man's (1), another's
(1), foreign (3), other men's (1), others (1), own (1), stranger (1), strangers ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/245.htm - 7k

1927. epidemeo -- to be at home
... Word Origin from epi and demos Definition to be at home NASB Word Usage
visiting (1), visitors (1). dwelling as a stranger. From ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1927.htm - 6k

3579. xenizo -- to receive as a guest, to surprise
... as a guest, to surprise. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: xenizo Phonetic Spelling:
(xen-id'-zo) Short Definition: I entertain a stranger, I startle ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3579.htm - 7k

5381. philoxenia -- love of strangers
... 5381 (from 5384 , "friend" and 3581, "a stranger") -- properly, warmth (friendliness)
shown to strangers; (figuratively) the (generosity) by entertaining in ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5381.htm - 7k

241. allogenes -- of another race
... strange, foreign. From allos and genos; foreign, ie Not a Jew -- stranger. see GREEK
allos. see GREEK genos. (allogenes) -- 1 Occurrence. 240, 241. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/241.htm - 6k

Strong's Hebrew

2114a. zur -- to be a stranger
... 2114, 2114a. zur. 2114b . to be a stranger. Transliteration: zur Short
Definition: strangers. Word Origin a prim. root Definition ...
/hebrew/2114a.htm - 5k

2114. zuwr -- to be a stranger
... 2113, 2114. zuwr. 2114a . to be a stranger. Transliteration: zuwr Phonetic
Spelling: (zoor) Short Definition: another. come from ...
/hebrew/2114.htm - 5k

1616. ger -- a sojourner
... gur Definition a sojourner NASB Word Usage alien (40), aliens (11), foreigners
(1), immigrants (1), sojourner (5), sojourners (2), stranger (25), stranger's (1 ...
/hebrew/1616.htm - 6k

4033. magor -- a sojourning place, dwelling place, a sojourning
... 1), where they sojourned (1). dwelling, pilgrimage, where sojourn, be a
stranger. Or magur {maw-goor'}; from guwr in the sense of ...
/hebrew/4033.htm - 6k

5237. nokri -- foreign, alien
... alien NASB Word Usage adulteress (2), adulterous woman (2), alien (2), aliens (1),
extraordinary (1), foreign (16), foreigner (15), foreigners (5), stranger (1 ...
/hebrew/5237.htm - 6k

582. enosh -- man, mankind
... chap(-man); divers, fellow, X in the flower of their age, husband, (certain, mortal)
man, people, person, servant, some (X of them), + stranger, those, + their ...
/hebrew/582.htm - 6k

1481. guwr -- to sojourn
... for hostility (as afraid) -- abide, assemble, be afraid, dwell, fear, gather (together),
inhabitant, remain, sojourn, stand in awe, (be) stranger, X surely. ...
/hebrew/1481.htm - 5k

8454. tushiyyah -- sound, efficient wisdom, abiding success
... sound wisdom (7), success (1), wisdom (1). foreigner, inhabitant, sojourner,
stranger. Or tushiyah { too-shee-yaw'}; from an unused ...
/hebrew/8454.htm - 6k

1121. ben -- son
... kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+) people, + rebel, + robber,
X servant born, X soldier, son, + spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely ...
/hebrew/1121.htm - 8k

8453. toshab -- a sojourner
... a native citizen (active participle of yashab) and a temporary inmate (ger) or mere
lodger (luwn)) resident alien -- foreigner, inhabitant, sojourner, stranger ...
/hebrew/8453.htm - 6k

Library

A Stranger in the Earth
... VOLUME II: PSALMS LI to CXLV A STRANGER IN THE EARTH. 'I am a stranger
in the earth: hide not Thy commandments from me....64. The ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture j/a stranger in the earth.htm

Behold a Stranger.
... BEHOLD A STRANGER. Behold a Stranger at the door: He gently knocks, has knocked
before; Has waited long, is waiting still: You treat no other friend so ill. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/moody/moodys stories/behold a stranger.htm

November the Twenty-Third the Stranger
... NOVEMBER The Twenty-third THE STRANGER. 1 KINGS viii.37-53. Yes, indeed, what space
has "the stranger" in my supplications? Has he any place at all? ...
/.../november the twenty-third the stranger.htm

The Story of the Stranger at the Well
... THE STORY OF THE STRANGER AT THE WELL. ... The woman had come to draw water, but in
her interest in this wonderful stranger, she forgot her errand. ...
/.../marshall/the wonder book of bible stories/the story of the stranger.htm

The Stranger at the Door. LM
... 202 The Stranger at the Door. LM. At the Door. (429) Behold a stranger at
the door, He gently knocks, has knocked before; Has waited ...
/...//christianbookshelf.org/lorenz/the otterbein hymnal/202 the stranger at the.htm

The Stranger at the Door. LM
... 203 The Stranger at the Door. LM. Why Not Be Saved To-Night? (430) Oh, do
not let the word depart, And close thine eyes against the ...
/...//christianbookshelf.org/lorenz/the otterbein hymnal/203 the stranger at the.htm

No Stranger Shall be Received Without Letters Pacifical. ...
... Canon VII. No stranger shall be received without letters pacifical.� No stranger
shall be received without letters pacifical. Notes. ...
/.../schaff/the seven ecumenical councils/canon vii no stranger shall.htm

Jesus is Kind to a Stranger
... THE NEW TESTAMENT JESUS IS KIND TO A STRANGER. Certain Pharisees came to
Jesus and said to him, "Go away from here; for Herod wishes ...
//christianbookshelf.org/sherman/the childrens bible/jesus is kind to a.htm

The Evening of Easter.
... Another step seemed to fall beside theirs, and looking up they saw a noble looking
young Stranger who was following the same road. He greeted them and said,. ...
/.../lathbury/childs story of the bible/chapter xlv the evening of.htm

On the Words of the Gospel, Luke xiii. 21 and 23, Where the ...
... Thou takest in some stranger, whose companion in the way thou thyself also
art; for strangers are we all. He is a Christian who, even ...
/.../sermons on selected lessons of the new testament/sermon lxi on the words.htm

Thesaurus

Stranger (152 Occurrences)
... 4. (n.) One who is unknown or unacquainted; as, the gentleman is a stranger to me;
hence, one not admitted to communication, fellowship, or acquaintance. ...
/s/stranger.htm - 57k

Stranger's (3 Occurrences)
... Multi-Version Concordance Stranger's (3 Occurrences). John 10:5 and a stranger
they will not follow, but will flee from him, because ...
/s/stranger's.htm - 7k

Sojourns (18 Occurrences)
... Exodus 12:48 And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover
to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near ...
/s/sojourns.htm - 12k

Sojourneth (27 Occurrences)
... (DBY YLT). Exodus 12:49 One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the
stranger that sojourneth among you. (KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS). ...
/s/sojourneth.htm - 15k

Layman (9 Occurrences)
... Exodus 29:33 They shall eat those things with which atonement was made, to consecrate
and sanctify them: but a stranger shall not eat of it, because they are ...
/l/layman.htm - 9k

Malefactor (2 Occurrences)
...STRANGER AND SOJOURNER (IN THE APOCRYPHA AND THE NEW TESTAMENT). The technical
meaning attaching to the Hebrew terms is not present ...
/m/malefactor.htm - 49k

Home-born (14 Occurrences)
... Home-born (14 Occurrences). Exodus 12:49 One law shall be to him that is home-born,
and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you. (ASV DBY WBS). ...
/h/home-born.htm - 11k

Sojourn (51 Occurrences)
... 1. (vi) To dwell temporarily; to live in a place as a temporary resident or as a
stranger, not considering the place as a permanent habitation; to delay; to ...
/s/sojourn.htm - 24k

Aliens (53 Occurrences)
... 18:26 You therefore shall keep my statutes and my ordinances, and shall not do any
of these abominations; neither the native-born, nor the stranger who lives ...
/a/aliens.htm - 22k

Temporary (13 Occurrences)
... 25:6 The Sabbath of the land shall be for food for you; for yourself, for your servant,
for your maid, for your hired servant, and for your stranger, who lives ...
/t/temporary.htm - 10k

Bible Concordance

Stranger (152 Occurrences)

Matthew 25:35 for I was hungry, and you gave me food to eat. I was thirsty, and you gave me drink. I was a stranger, and you took me in.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Matthew 25:38 When did we see you as a stranger, and take you in; or naked, and clothe you?
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Matthew 25:43 I was a stranger, and you didn't take me in; naked, and you didn't clothe me; sick, and in prison, and you didn't visit me.'
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Matthew 25:44 "Then they will also answer, saying,'Lord, when did we see you hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and didn't help you?'
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Luke 17:18 Were there none found who returned to give glory to God, except this stranger?"
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS)

Luke 24:18 One of them, named Cleopas, answered him, "Are you the only stranger in Jerusalem who doesn't know the things which have happened there in these days?"
(WEB KJV WEY WBS YLT)

John 10:5 They will by no means follow a stranger, but will flee from him; for they don't know the voice of strangers."
(WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Acts 7:29 Moses fled at this saying, and became a stranger in the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons.
(WEB KJV WBS)

Hebrews 11:9 By faith he sojourned as a stranger in the land of promise as a foreign country, having dwelt in tents with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise;
(DBY NIV)

Genesis 15:13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
(KJV JPS WBS NAS NIV)

Genesis 17:8 And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.
(KJV WBS)

Genesis 17:12 And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed.
(KJV DBY WBS YLT)

Genesis 17:27 And all the men of his house, born in the house, and bought with money of the stranger, were circumcised with him.
(KJV DBY WBS YLT)

Genesis 23:4 "I am a stranger and a foreigner living with you. Give me a possession of a burying-place with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV NIV)

Genesis 28:4 And give thee the blessing of Abraham, to thee, and to thy seed with thee; that thou mayest inherit the land wherein thou art a stranger, which God gave unto Abraham.
(KJV WBS)

Genesis 35:2 And Jacob saith unto his household, and unto all who 'are' with him, 'Turn aside the gods of the stranger which 'are' in your midst, and cleanse yourselves, and change your garments;
(YLT)

Genesis 35:4 And they give unto Jacob all the gods of the stranger that 'are' in their hand, and the rings that 'are' in their ears, and Jacob hideth them under the oak which 'is' by Shechem;
(YLT)

Genesis 37:1 And Jacob dwelt in the land wherein his father was a stranger, in the land of Canaan.
(KJV WBS)

Genesis 42:7 Joseph saw his brothers, and he recognized them, but acted like a stranger to them, and spoke roughly with them. He said to them, "Where did you come from?" They said, "From the land of Canaan to buy food."
(WEB RSV NIV)

Exodus 2:22 And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land.
(KJV JPS WBS)

Exodus 12:19 Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land.
(KJV WBS)

Exodus 12:43 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:
(KJV DBY WBS YLT)

Exodus 12:48 When a stranger shall live as a foreigner with you, and will keep the Passover to Yahweh, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one who is born in the land: but no uncircumcised person shall eat of it.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS NAS RSV)

Exodus 12:49 One law shall be to him who is born at home, and to the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS NAS RSV)

Exodus 18:3 and her two sons; of whom the name of the one was Gershom; for he said, I have been a sojourner in a foreign land:
(See JPS)

Exodus 20:10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God. You shall not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS)

Exodus 22:21 Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Exodus 23:9 Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Exodus 23:12 Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS NAS)

Exodus 29:33 They shall eat those things with which atonement was made, to consecrate and sanctify them: but a stranger shall not eat of it, because they are holy.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Exodus 30:33 Whoever compounds any like it, or whoever puts any of it on a stranger, he shall be cut off from his people.'"
(WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS YLT)

Leviticus 16:29 "It shall be a statute to you forever: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your souls, and shall do no manner of work, the native-born, or the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you:
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Leviticus 17:12 Therefore I have said to the children of Israel, "No person among you shall eat blood, neither shall any stranger who lives as a foreigner among you eat blood."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Leviticus 17:15 And every soul that eateth that which died of itself, or that which was torn with beasts, whether it be one of your own country, or a stranger, he shall both wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even: then shall he be clean.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Leviticus 18:26 You therefore shall keep my statutes and my ordinances, and shall not do any of these abominations; neither the native-born, nor the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Leviticus 19:10 And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather every grape of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and stranger: I am the LORD your God.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS NAS)

Leviticus 19:33 "'If a stranger lives as a foreigner with you in your land, you shall not do him wrong.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Leviticus 19:34 The stranger who lives as a foreigner with you shall be to you as the native-born among you, and you shall love him as yourself; for you lived as foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am Yahweh your God.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Leviticus 22:10 "'No stranger shall eat of the holy thing: a foreigner living with the priests, or a hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Leviticus 22:12 If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.
(KJV ASV DBY WBS)

Leviticus 22:13 But if a priest's daughter is a widow, or divorced, and has no child, and has returned to her father's house, as in her youth, she may eat of her father's bread: but no stranger shall eat any of it.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Leviticus 22:25 Neither from a stranger's hand shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these; because their corruption is in them, and blemishes be in them: they shall not be accepted for you.
(KJV DBY WBS YLT)

Leviticus 23:22 And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS RSV)

Leviticus 24:16 And he that blasphemeth the name of the LORD, he shall surely be put to death, and all the congregation shall certainly stone him: as well the stranger, as he that is born in the land, when he blasphemeth the name of the Lord, shall be put to death.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Leviticus 24:22 Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for one of your own country: for I am the LORD your God.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS NAS)

Leviticus 25:6 The Sabbath of the land shall be for food for you; for yourself, for your servant, for your maid, for your hired servant, and for your stranger, who lives as a foreigner with you.
(WEB KJV ASV WBS)

Leviticus 25:35 "'If your brother has become poor, and his hand can't support him among you; then you shall uphold him. As a stranger and a sojourner he shall live with you.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Leviticus 25:47 "'If a stranger or sojourner with you becomes rich, and your brother beside him has grown poor, and sells himself to the stranger or foreigner living among you, or to a member of the stranger's family;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Numbers 1:51 When the tabernacle is to move, the Levites shall take it down; and when the tabernacle is to be set up, the Levites shall set it up. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Numbers 3:10 You shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall keep their priesthood. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death."
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Numbers 3:38 Those who encamp before the tabernacle eastward, in front of the Tent of Meeting toward the sunrise, shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the requirements of the sanctuary for the duty of the children of Israel. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Numbers 9:14 And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover unto the LORD; according to the ordinance of the passover, and according to the manner thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one ordinance, both for the stranger, and for him that was born in the land.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Numbers 15:14 If a stranger lives as a foreigner with you, or whoever may be among you throughout your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; as you do, so he shall do.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Numbers 15:15 For the assembly, there shall be one statute for you, and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner with you, a statute forever throughout your generations: as you are, so shall the foreigner be before Yahweh.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Numbers 15:16 One law and one ordinance shall be for you, and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner with you.'"
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Numbers 15:26 and all the congregation of the children of Israel shall be forgiven, and the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them; for in respect of all the people it was done unwittingly.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Numbers 15:29 You shall have one law for him who does anything unwittingly, for him who is native-born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Numbers 15:30 But the soul that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be born in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Numbers 16:40 to be a memorial to the children of Israel, to the end that no stranger, who isn't of the seed of Aaron, comes near to burn incense before Yahweh; that he not be as Korah, and as his company: as Yahweh spoke to him by Moses.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Numbers 18:4 They shall be joined to you, and keep the responsibility of the Tent of Meeting, for all the service of the Tent: and a stranger shall not come near to you.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Numbers 18:7 You and your sons with you shall keep your priesthood for everything of the altar, and for that within the veil; and you shall serve: I give you the priesthood as a service of gift: and the stranger who comes near shall be put to death."
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Numbers 19:10 He who gathers the ashes of the heifer shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: and it shall be to the children of Israel, and to the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them, for a statute forever.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Numbers 35:15 For the children of Israel, and for the stranger and for the foreigner living among them, shall these six cities be for refuge; that everyone who kills any person unwittingly may flee there.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Deuteronomy 1:16 And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.
(KJV JPS WBS)

Deuteronomy 5:14 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God, in which you shall not do any work, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates; that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS)

Deuteronomy 10:18 He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 10:19 Love ye therefore the stranger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 14:21 Ye shall not eat of anything that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an alien: for thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS YLT)

Deuteronomy 14:29 And the Levite, (because he hath no part nor inheritance with thee,) and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, which are within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hand which thou doest.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 15:3 of the stranger thou mayest exact, and that which is thine with thy brother doth thy hand release;
(YLT)

Deuteronomy 16:11 And thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite that is within thy gates, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are among you, in the place which the LORD thy God hath chosen to place his name there.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS NAS)

Deuteronomy 16:14 And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS NAS)

Deuteronomy 17:15 Thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall choose: one from among thy brethren shalt thou set king over thee: thou mayest not set a stranger over thee, which is not thy brother.
(KJV WBS YLT)

Deuteronomy 23:7 Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite; for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian; because thou wast a stranger in his land.
(KJV JPS WBS)

Deuteronomy 23:20 Unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury; but unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon usury: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to in the land whither thou goest to possess it.
(KJV WBS YLT)

Deuteronomy 24:17 Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge:
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 24:19 When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 24:20 When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 24:21 When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 25:5 If brothers dwell together, and one of them die, and have no son, the wife of the dead shall not be married outside to a stranger: her husband's brother shall go in to her, and take her to him as wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother to her.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS RSV)

Deuteronomy 26:11 And thou shalt rejoice in every good thing which the LORD thy God hath given unto thee, and unto thine house, thou, and the Levite, and the stranger that is among you.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 26:13 Then thou shalt say before the LORD thy God, I have brought away the hallowed things out of mine house, and also have given them unto the Levite, and unto the stranger, to the fatherless, and to the widow, according to all thy commandments which thou hast commanded me: I have not transgressed thy commandments, neither have I forgotten them.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 27:19 Cursed be he that perverteth the judgment of the stranger, fatherless, and widow. And all the people shall say, Amen.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 28:43 The stranger that is within thee shall get up above thee very high; and thou shalt come down very low.
(KJV JPS WBS)

Deuteronomy 29:11 Your little ones, your wives, and thy stranger that is in thy camp, from the hewer of thy wood unto the drawer of thy water:
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 29:22 So that the generation to come of your children that shall rise up after you, and the stranger that shall come from a far land, shall say, when they see the plagues of that land, and the sicknesses which the LORD hath laid upon it;
(KJV WBS YLT)

Deuteronomy 31:12 Gather the people together, men and women, and children, and thy stranger that is within thy gates, that they may hear, and that they may learn, and fear the LORD your God, and observe to do all the words of this law:
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Deuteronomy 31:16 And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, whither they go to be among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them.
(Root in KJV WBS YLT)

Joshua 8:33 And all Israel, and their elders, and officers, and their judges, stood on this side the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, as well the stranger, as he that was born among them; half of them over against mount Gerizim, and half of them over against mount Ebal; as Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded before, that they should bless the people of Israel.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS NAS)

Joshua 20:9 These were the appointed cities for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger who sojourns among them, that whoever kills any person unintentionally might flee there, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood, until he stands before the congregation.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Joshua 24:20 When ye forsake Jehovah, and have served gods of a stranger, then He hath turned back and done evil to you, and consumed you, after that He hath done good to you.'
(YLT)

Joshua 24:23 and, now, turn aside the gods of the stranger which 'are' in your midst, and incline your heart unto Jehovah, God of Israel.'
(YLT)

Judges 10:16 And they turn aside the gods of the stranger out of their midst, and serve Jehovah, and His soul is grieved with the misery of Israel.
(YLT)

Judges 19:12 And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside hither into the city of a stranger, that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass over to Gibeah.
(KJV WBS YLT)

Ruth 2:10 Then she fell on her face, and bowed herself to the ground, and said unto him, Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou shouldest take knowledge of me, seeing I am a stranger?
(KJV WBS YLT)

1 Samuel 7:3 And Samuel speaketh unto all the house of Israel, saying, 'If with all your heart ye are turning back unto Jehovah -- turn aside the gods of the stranger from your midst, and Ashtaroth; and prepare your heart unto Jehovah, and serve Him only, and He doth deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines.'
(YLT)

2 Samuel 1:13 And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? And he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

2 Samuel 15:19 Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite, Wherefore goest thou also with us? return to thy place, and abide with the king: for thou art a stranger, and also an exile.
(KJV WBS YLT)

2 Samuel 22:45 Strangers shall submit themselves unto me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient unto me.
(Root in KJV JPS DBY WBS YLT)

2 Samuel 22:46 Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places.
(Root in KJV JPS DBY WBS YLT)

Subtopics

Stranger

Stranger and Sojourner in the Apocrypha and the New Testament

Stranger and Sojourner in the Old Testament

Related Terms

Stranger's (3 Occurrences)

Sojourns (18 Occurrences)

Sojourneth (27 Occurrences)

Layman (9 Occurrences)

Malefactor (2 Occurrences)