Everyone who believes
The Greek word for "believes" is "πιστεύων" (pisteuōn), which implies a continuous, active faith. This belief is not a mere intellectual assent but a deep, abiding trust and reliance on Jesus Christ. In the historical context of the early church, this belief set Christians apart from both Jewish traditions and pagan practices, marking them as followers of the new covenant established by Christ.

that Jesus is the Christ
The term "Christ" comes from the Greek "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This declaration is central to Christian faith, affirming Jesus as the promised Savior and King. Historically, this was a radical claim, as it identified Jesus with the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, challenging both Jewish expectations and Roman authority.

is born of God
The phrase "born of God" translates from the Greek "ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ γεγέννηται" (ek tou Theou gegennētai), indicating a spiritual rebirth. This concept echoes Jesus' conversation with Nicodemus in John 3, emphasizing the transformative power of faith in Christ. Being "born of God" signifies a new identity and relationship with God, transcending earthly lineage or status.

and everyone who loves the Father
The Greek word for "loves" is "ἀγαπᾷ" (agapaō), denoting a selfless, unconditional love. This love for the Father is a natural response to being born of God, reflecting the believer's new nature. In the scriptural context, love is the greatest commandment, and loving God is foundational to Christian life and practice.

also loves the one born of Him
This phrase underscores the inseparable link between love for God and love for fellow believers. The "one born of Him" refers to other Christians, emphasizing the familial bond among those who are spiritually reborn. Historically, this mutual love was a defining characteristic of the early Christian community, serving as a powerful witness to the world of the transformative love of Christ.

By this we know
This phrase emphasizes the assurance and certainty that believers can have in their faith. The Greek word for "know" is "γινώσκομεν" (ginōskomen), which implies a deep, experiential knowledge. In the context of 1 John, this knowledge is not merely intellectual but is rooted in a lived experience of faith. Historically, the early Christian community faced many challenges and false teachings, and this assurance was crucial for maintaining unity and truth.

that we love
The Greek word for "love" here is "ἀγαπῶμεν" (agapōmen), derived from "ἀγάπη" (agapē), which is the highest form of love, characterized by selflessness and sacrifice. This love is not based on emotions or feelings but is an intentional act of the will. In the conservative Christian perspective, this love is a reflection of God's love for humanity, as demonstrated through Jesus Christ.

the children of God
This phrase refers to fellow believers, emphasizing the familial relationship among Christians. The term "children" (τέκνα, tekna) highlights the idea of being born into God's family through faith in Jesus Christ. Historically, this concept was radical, as it transcended ethnic and social boundaries, uniting Jews and Gentiles as one family in Christ.

when we love God
Loving God is the first and greatest commandment, as stated in Matthew 22:37-38. The love for God is foundational and is the source from which love for others flows. The Greek word for "when" (ὅταν, hotan) indicates a conditional relationship, suggesting that true love for others is contingent upon our love for God. This aligns with the conservative Christian view that a right relationship with God is essential for a right relationship with others.

and keep His commandments
The word "keep" (τηρῶμεν, tēromen) implies careful observance and guarding of God's commandments. It is not a passive action but an active, ongoing commitment to live according to God's will. The commandments refer to the teachings of Christ and the moral laws of God. In the historical context of the early church, obedience to God's commandments was a distinguishing mark of true believers, setting them apart from the surrounding pagan culture.

For this is the love of God
This phrase introduces the concept of divine love, which is central to the Christian faith. The Greek word for "love" here is "agape," which signifies a selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love. In the context of 1 John, "the love of God" can be understood as both God's love for us and our love for Him. This love is not merely an emotion but is demonstrated through action and obedience. Historically, the early Christian community would have understood this as a call to live out their faith in tangible ways, reflecting God's love in their daily lives.

that we keep His commandments
The Greek word for "keep" is "tereo," which means to guard, observe, or give heed to. This implies a continuous, diligent effort to adhere to God's commandments. The use of "His commandments" refers to the teachings and instructions given by God, which are encapsulated in the moral and ethical teachings of the Bible. In the historical context of the early church, keeping God's commandments was a distinguishing mark of a true believer, setting them apart from the surrounding pagan cultures. It is a call to live a life that is pleasing to God, demonstrating our love for Him through obedience.

And His commandments are not burdensome
The word "burdensome" in Greek is "barys," which means heavy or grievous. This phrase reassures believers that God's commandments are not meant to be a heavy load or an impossible task. Instead, they are designed for our benefit and well-being. In the historical context, this would have been a comforting message to early Christians who faced persecution and hardship. It emphasizes that God's laws are given out of love and are meant to lead us to a fulfilling and joyful life. The commandments are not a burden because they are accompanied by the grace and strength provided by the Holy Spirit, enabling believers to live in accordance with God's will.

everyone born of God
This phrase emphasizes the transformative power of spiritual rebirth. In the Greek, "γεννηθείς" (gennetheis) refers to being born or begotten, indicating a divine origin. The concept of being "born of God" is central to Johannine theology, reflecting the idea of regeneration and new life in Christ. Historically, this aligns with Jesus' conversation with Nicodemus in John 3, where He speaks of being "born again." This new birth is not of human effort but of divine intervention, signifying a profound change in identity and allegiance.

overcomes the world
The Greek word "νικάω" (nikao) means to conquer or prevail. In the context of 1 John, "the world" refers to the system of values and beliefs opposed to God. This overcoming is not through human strength but through divine empowerment. The early Christians faced persecution and societal pressures, yet they were called to live victoriously. This victory is a testament to the power of God working in believers, enabling them to resist worldly temptations and pressures.

And this is the victory
The term "νίκη" (nike) for victory is significant, as it denotes a decisive conquest. In the Greco-Roman world, victory was often associated with military success or athletic prowess. However, John redefines victory in spiritual terms. The victory believers experience is not temporary or superficial but eternal and profound, rooted in their relationship with God.

that has overcome the world
The repetition of "overcome" underscores the certainty and completeness of this victory. The perfect tense in Greek suggests a past action with ongoing effects. This implies that the victory achieved through Christ's death and resurrection continues to empower believers. Historically, this assurance would have been a source of great encouragement to early Christians facing trials and tribulations.

our faith
Faith, "πίστις" (pistis) in Greek, is the means by which believers access this victory. It is not mere intellectual assent but a deep, abiding trust in God and His promises. In the scriptural context, faith is both a gift from God and a response to His revelation. It is the channel through which believers experience the overcoming power of God in their lives. This faith is active and dynamic, enabling believers to stand firm against the challenges of the world.

Who then overcomes the world?
The phrase "overcomes the world" is rooted in the Greek word "nikao," which means to conquer or have victory. In the context of 1 John, this overcoming is not through physical might or worldly power but through spiritual triumph. Historically, the early Christians faced persecution and societal pressures, yet they were called to rise above these challenges through faith. The "world" here represents the system of values and beliefs that are opposed to God. Overcoming it implies a victory over sin, temptation, and the spiritual forces of evil. This victory is not achieved by human effort but through divine empowerment.

Only he who believes
The word "believes" comes from the Greek "pisteuo," which means to have faith or trust. This belief is not a mere intellectual assent but a deep, personal trust and reliance on Jesus Christ. In the conservative Christian perspective, faith is the key to accessing God's promises and power. It is through faith that believers are justified and made righteous before God. This belief is transformative, leading to a new way of living that aligns with God's will.

that Jesus is the Son of God
The declaration "Jesus is the Son of God" is central to Christian doctrine. The term "Son of God" signifies Jesus' unique relationship with the Father, affirming His divinity and pre-existence. In the historical context of the early church, this was a profound confession, especially against the backdrop of various heresies that denied Jesus' divine nature. The acknowledgment of Jesus as the Son of God is foundational to the Christian faith, as it affirms His authority, His role in salvation, and His identity as the Messiah. This belief is not just a doctrinal statement but a personal conviction that shapes the believer's identity and mission in the world.

This is the One
The phrase "This is the One" emphasizes the singularity and uniqueness of Jesus Christ. In the Greek, "houtos estin" underscores the definitive nature of Christ's identity and mission. Historically, this assertion counters early heresies that questioned the full humanity and divinity of Jesus. It affirms that Jesus is the prophesied Messiah, the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, and the central figure of Christian faith.

who came by water and blood
The phrase "who came by water and blood" has been the subject of much theological discussion. "Water" (Greek: "hudatos") and "blood" (Greek: "haimatos") are often interpreted as references to Jesus' baptism and crucifixion, respectively. The water signifies the beginning of His public ministry, marked by His baptism in the Jordan River, where God the Father affirmed Him as His beloved Son. The blood signifies His sacrificial death on the cross, the atonement for humanity's sins. This dual reference highlights the completeness of Jesus' mission: His life, ministry, and sacrificial death.

Jesus Christ
The name "Jesus Christ" combines His human name, "Jesus" (Greek: "Iēsous"), meaning "Yahweh is salvation," with His title "Christ" (Greek: "Christos"), meaning "the Anointed One." This dual designation affirms both His humanity and His divine mission as the Savior. Historically, this declaration was crucial in affirming the true identity of Jesus against false teachings that sought to separate His humanity from His divinity.

He did not come by water only, but by water and blood
This repetition emphasizes the importance of both elements—water and blood—in understanding Jesus' mission. The phrase "not by water only" refutes any notion that Jesus' baptism alone was sufficient for His redemptive work. The inclusion of "but by water and blood" insists on the necessity of His sacrificial death. This duality is essential for a complete understanding of the Gospel, affirming that Jesus' life and death are both integral to salvation.

And it is the Spirit who testifies
The "Spirit" (Greek: "Pneuma") refers to the Holy Spirit, who bears witness to the truth of Jesus Christ. The role of the Holy Spirit is to testify, to confirm, and to reveal the truth of Jesus' identity and work to believers. This testimony is not just historical but ongoing, as the Spirit continues to affirm the truth of the Gospel in the hearts of believers.

because the Spirit is the truth
The statement "the Spirit is the truth" underscores the reliability and divine nature of the Holy Spirit's testimony. In Greek, "to pneuma estin hē alētheia," this phrase affirms that the Holy Spirit embodies truth, aligning with Jesus' own declaration that He is "the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6). The Spirit's testimony is trustworthy because it is rooted in the very nature of God, who is truth. This assurance provides believers with confidence in the Gospel message and the person of Jesus Christ.

For there are three
This phrase introduces a significant theological concept within the Christian faith, emphasizing the importance of the number three. In biblical numerology, the number three often signifies completeness or divine perfection. It is seen throughout Scripture, such as in the Trinity, the three days of Christ's resurrection, and the threefold nature of humanity (body, soul, spirit). The use of "three" here underscores the completeness and divine nature of the testimony being discussed.

that testify
The Greek word for "testify" is "μαρτυροῦντες" (marturountes), which is derived from "martureo," meaning to bear witness or to give evidence. In the context of 1 John, this testimony is not merely human but divine, pointing to the authoritative and trustworthy nature of the witness. The concept of testimony is deeply rooted in Jewish legal tradition, where the testimony of two or three witnesses was required to establish a matter (Deuteronomy 19:15). Here, the testimony is not just sufficient but divinely ordained, reinforcing the truth of the message being conveyed. This highlights the reliability and divine origin of the Christian faith, encouraging believers to trust in the testimony of God as revealed through the Spirit, the water, and the blood, which are further elaborated in the surrounding verses.

the Spirit
In the original Greek, the word for "Spirit" is "πνεῦμα" (pneuma), which can mean breath, wind, or spirit. In the context of 1 John, it refers to the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity. The Holy Spirit is seen as the divine witness to the truth of Jesus Christ's identity and mission. Historically, the Holy Spirit's role in the early church was to guide, teach, and remind believers of Jesus' teachings (John 14:26). The Spirit's presence is a testament to the ongoing work of God in the world, affirming the truth of the Gospel and empowering believers to live out their faith.

the water
The term "water" in this passage has been interpreted in various ways. Some scholars suggest it refers to Jesus' baptism in the Jordan River, where God the Father publicly affirmed Jesus as His Son (Matthew 3:16-17). The Greek word "ὕδωρ" (hydor) simply means water, but symbolically, it represents purification and the beginning of Jesus' public ministry. In a broader theological context, water is also associated with the Word of God and the cleansing power of baptism, which signifies the believer's identification with Christ's death and resurrection (Romans 6:3-4).

and the blood
The "blood" here is understood as the blood of Jesus Christ, shed on the cross for the atonement of sins. The Greek word "αἷμα" (haima) signifies life and sacrifice. In the Old Testament, blood was central to the sacrificial system, symbolizing the life given to atone for sin (Leviticus 17:11). Jesus' blood, however, is the ultimate and final sacrifice, fulfilling the law and providing a new covenant between God and humanity (Hebrews 9:12-14). The blood of Christ is a powerful testament to His love and the means by which believers are reconciled to God.

and these three are in agreement
The phrase "in agreement" comes from the Greek "εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν" (eis to hen eisin), meaning they converge into one testimony. This unity among the Spirit, the water, and the blood underscores the comprehensive witness to Jesus Christ's divine nature and redemptive work. Historically, this tri-fold testimony would have been significant to early Christians facing heretical teachings that denied either the humanity or divinity of Christ. The agreement of these three witnesses provides a robust foundation for the believer's faith, affirming that Jesus is indeed the Son of God, who came by water and blood, and whose truth is continually testified by the Spirit. This unity calls believers to a holistic understanding of salvation, encompassing the work of the Spirit, the significance of baptism, and the atoning sacrifice of Christ.

Even if we accept human testimony
The phrase begins with an acknowledgment of the common practice of accepting human testimony. In the Greek, "martyria" refers to witness or testimony, a concept deeply rooted in both legal and everyday contexts of the ancient world. Human testimony was essential in judicial proceedings, and the early Christians would have been familiar with its importance. This phrase sets up a contrast, emphasizing that while human testimony is valuable, it is inherently limited and fallible. The Apostle John uses this to prepare the reader for the greater testimony that follows.

the testimony of God is greater
Here, the phrase elevates the divine testimony above human testimony. The Greek word "meizon" (greater) underscores the superiority and authority of God's witness. In the biblical context, God's testimony is infallible and eternal, unlike human testimony, which can be flawed or deceitful. This assertion is a powerful reminder of the divine nature of the message about Jesus Christ. It calls believers to trust in the divine revelation as the ultimate truth, surpassing all human understanding and evidence.

For this is the testimony of God
This phrase introduces the content of God's testimony. The Greek "hoti" (for) serves as a conjunction that explains or provides the reason for the previous statement. The emphasis here is on the divine origin of the testimony, which carries the weight of God's authority and truth. In the historical context of the early church, this would have been a profound assurance to believers facing doubts or external challenges to their faith.

that He has given about His Son
The final phrase specifies the content of God's testimony: it concerns His Son, Jesus Christ. The Greek "dedōken" (has given) indicates a completed action with ongoing significance. This reflects the historical reality of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection, events that were witnessed and recorded. The testimony about Jesus is central to Christian faith, affirming His identity as the Son of God and the Savior of the world. This divine testimony is foundational, providing believers with confidence in their faith and the assurance of eternal life through Christ.

Whoever believes in the Son of God
The phrase "Whoever believes" emphasizes the universal invitation and accessibility of faith in Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "believes" is "pisteuō," which implies trust, reliance, and a firm conviction. This belief is not merely intellectual assent but a deep, personal trust in Jesus as the Son of God. The title "Son of God" affirms the divine nature of Jesus, a central tenet of Christian faith, underscoring His unique relationship with the Father and His role in salvation history.

has this testimony within him
The "testimony" refers to the internal witness of the Holy Spirit, affirming the truth of Jesus' identity and work. The Greek word "martyria" is used here, which can mean witness or evidence. This internal testimony is a transformative assurance that believers experience, confirming their faith and the truth of the Gospel. It is a personal, experiential knowledge that aligns with the external testimony of Scripture and the apostolic witness.

Whoever does not believe God
This phrase highlights the serious implications of unbelief. To "not believe" is to reject the testimony God has provided. The Greek word "apisteō" indicates a refusal to trust or rely on God’s revelation. This unbelief is not a neutral stance but an active decision against the truth God has revealed about His Son.

has made Him out to be a liar
The gravity of unbelief is further emphasized by the assertion that it makes God "a liar." This is a strong statement reflecting the seriousness of rejecting God's testimony. The Greek word "pseustēs" for "liar" indicates a falsehood or deception. By not believing, one is essentially accusing God of falsehood, which is a grave offense against His character and truthfulness.

because he has not believed in the testimony
The reason for this accusation is clear: the refusal to accept "the testimony." The Greek "martyria" again underscores the evidence and witness God has provided. This testimony is not just a human report but a divine revelation that demands a response of faith.

God has given about His Son
The testimony is "given" by God, indicating its divine origin and authority. The Greek word "didōmi" suggests a gift or offering, emphasizing that this revelation is an act of grace. The focus on "His Son" reiterates the centrality of Jesus in God’s redemptive plan. The testimony concerns the identity, mission, and work of Jesus Christ, which is the foundation of Christian faith and the basis for eternal life.

And this is the testimony
The word "testimony" in Greek is "μαρτυρία" (martyria), which conveys the idea of a witness or evidence. In the context of 1 John, this testimony is not merely human but divine, underscoring the authority and truth of what follows. Historically, the concept of testimony was crucial in Jewish and early Christian communities, where the truth was established by the testimony of two or three witnesses (Deuteronomy 19:15). Here, the testimony is from God Himself, providing the ultimate assurance to believers.

God has given us eternal life
The phrase "God has given" emphasizes the grace and initiative of God in the salvation process. The Greek word for "given" is "δίδωμι" (didōmi), indicating a gift freely bestowed, not earned. "Eternal life" (ζωὴν αἰώνιον, zōēn aiōnion) is a central theme in Johannine theology, referring not only to life without end but to a quality of life that begins now and is characterized by a relationship with God. This life is a present possession for believers, rooted in the historical reality of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection.

and this life is in His Son
The preposition "in" (ἐν, en) signifies the sphere or realm in which eternal life is found. It is exclusively "in His Son," Jesus Christ, highlighting the unique and exclusive role of Christ in salvation. The historical context of early Christianity was marked by various teachings and philosophies, but John affirms that true life is found only in Jesus. This echoes Jesus' own words in John 14:6, "I am the way and the truth and the life." Theologically, this underscores the centrality of Christ in God's redemptive plan and the necessity of a personal relationship with Him for eternal life.

Whoever has the Son
The phrase "Whoever has the Son" emphasizes the personal and relational aspect of faith in Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "has" is "ἔχει" (echei), which implies possession or holding onto something. In the context of 1 John, this possession is not merely intellectual acknowledgment but a deep, abiding relationship with Jesus. Historically, the early church faced challenges from Gnostic teachings that denied the incarnation of Christ. John counters this by affirming that true life is found in a personal relationship with Jesus, the incarnate Son of God.

has life
The term "life" here is translated from the Greek word "ζωή" (zoe), which refers to eternal life, a quality of life that is both abundant and everlasting. This life is not just future-oriented but begins in the present for those who are in Christ. Theologically, this life is a gift from God, made possible through the death and resurrection of Jesus. It is a life that transcends physical existence and is characterized by a restored relationship with God, peace, joy, and spiritual fulfillment.

whoever does not have the Son of God
This phrase serves as a stark contrast to the previous statement. The absence of the Son signifies a lack of relationship with Jesus. The use of "does not have" (Greek: "οὐκ ἔχει," ouk echei) underscores the exclusivity of salvation through Christ alone. In the historical context of John's epistle, this was a direct refutation of false teachings that offered alternative paths to God. The phrase "Son of God" affirms the divine nature of Jesus, a central tenet of Christian faith that was under attack by early heresies.

does not have life
The repetition of "does not have" emphasizes the consequence of rejecting or not accepting Jesus. Without the Son, one is devoid of "life" (zoe), which is not merely physical death but spiritual death—a separation from God. This underscores the urgency and necessity of evangelism and discipleship in the Christian mission. Theologically, it highlights the belief that eternal life is exclusively found in Jesus Christ, aligning with the broader biblical narrative that presents Jesus as the way, the truth, and the life (John 14:6).

I have written these things
The Apostle John emphasizes the purpose and intent behind his writing. The Greek word for "written" is "γέγραφα" (gegrapha), which is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing effects. This suggests that John's message is not only relevant for the immediate audience but continues to hold significance for all believers. The phrase underscores the importance of the written Word as a means of conveying divine truth and assurance.

to you who believe
The phrase "to you who believe" identifies the recipients of John's message as those who have faith. The Greek word for "believe" is "πιστεύω" (pisteuō), which implies trust and reliance upon. This belief is not merely intellectual assent but a deep, personal trust in Jesus Christ. Historically, the early Christian community faced various challenges and heresies, making this affirmation of faith crucial for maintaining doctrinal purity and personal assurance.

in the name of the Son of God
The "name" in biblical terms often represents the character and authority of a person. Here, "the name of the Son of God" refers to Jesus Christ, emphasizing His divine nature and messianic role. The Greek word for "name" is "ὄνομα" (onoma), which conveys the idea of reputation and authority. Believing in His name means acknowledging His deity, His redemptive work, and His lordship over all creation.

so that you may know
The purpose clause "so that you may know" highlights the assurance that John intends to impart. The Greek word for "know" is "εἰδῆτε" (eidēte), which implies a deep, experiential knowledge. This is not mere speculation or hope but a confident assurance grounded in the truth of God's promises. The historical context of early Christianity, with its persecution and doctrinal challenges, made such assurance vital for believers.

that you have eternal life
"Eternal life" is a central theme in John's writings, reflecting the promise of salvation and everlasting communion with God. The Greek word for "eternal" is "αἰώνιος" (aiōnios), which denotes not just unending duration but also a quality of life that is divine and transcendent. This life is both a present possession and a future hope, rooted in the believer's relationship with Jesus Christ. The assurance of eternal life provides comfort and motivation for holy living amidst the trials of this world.

And this is the confidence
The word "confidence" in Greek is "παρρησία" (parrēsia), which conveys a sense of boldness and assurance. In the context of 1 John, this confidence is not self-derived but is rooted in the believer's relationship with God through Jesus Christ. Historically, this term was used in the Greco-Roman world to describe the freedom of speech citizens had in a democratic society. For Christians, it signifies the boldness to approach God without fear, knowing that they are His children and are heard by Him.

that we have before Him
The phrase "before Him" indicates a position of standing in God's presence. In the Old Testament, being before God often implied a place of worship or judgment. However, through Christ, believers have the privilege of standing before God in a relationship characterized by love and acceptance. This reflects the transformative work of Christ, who has made it possible for believers to approach God directly, a concept that would have been revolutionary in the context of the Jewish temple system where only the high priest could enter the Holy of Holies.

If we ask anything
The act of asking in prayer is central to the believer's relationship with God. The Greek word "αἰτέω" (aiteō) implies a request or petition. This is not a demand but a humble request made by a child to a loving Father. The historical context of prayer in the early church was one of communal and individual petitions, reflecting a deep dependence on God for all needs, both spiritual and physical.

according to His will
This phrase is crucial in understanding the nature of effective prayer. The Greek word for "will" is "θέλημα" (thelēma), which refers to God's desires or purposes. Praying according to God's will means aligning our requests with His divine plan and purposes. This requires discernment and a deep understanding of God's character and promises as revealed in Scripture. Historically, this reflects the early Christian understanding that prayer is not about bending God's will to ours but about aligning our hearts with His.

He hears us
The assurance that "He hears us" is a profound promise. The Greek word "ἀκούω" (akouō) means to hear or listen, but in a biblical context, it often implies a response or action. This is not a passive hearing but an active engagement by God with the prayers of His people. In the historical context of the Bible, hearing was often associated with obedience and action, suggesting that when God hears, He is also ready to respond in accordance with His will. This assurance is meant to inspire faith and trust in believers, knowing that their prayers are not in vain but are received by a loving and attentive Father.

And if we know
The phrase begins with a conditional "if," suggesting a premise that is assumed to be true for believers. The Greek word for "know" here is "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen), which implies a deep, intuitive knowledge rather than mere intellectual understanding. This knowledge is rooted in faith and the assurance of God's character and promises. It reflects a certainty that comes from a relationship with God, cultivated through prayer and study of His Word.

that He hears us
The assurance that God "hears" us is foundational to the believer's prayer life. The Greek word "ἀκούει" (akouei) means more than just auditory reception; it implies attentive listening and understanding. In the historical context of the early church, this was a radical assurance, contrasting with the capricious nature of pagan gods. The God of the Bible is portrayed as a loving Father who is always attentive to His children's prayers, reinforcing the personal relationship believers have with Him.

whatever we ask
This phrase emphasizes the breadth of God's willingness to hear our prayers. The Greek "ὃ ἐὰν αἰτώμεθα" (ho ean aitōmetha) suggests an openness to all requests, big or small. However, this is not a blank check for selfish desires; it is understood within the context of asking according to God's will, as outlined in 1 John 5:14. The historical context of the early church, facing persecution and trials, underscores the importance of aligning requests with God's purposes and kingdom.

we know that we have
The repetition of "we know" (οἴδαμεν) reinforces the certainty and confidence believers can have in God's response. The phrase "we have" (ἔχομεν, echomen) is in the present tense, indicating that the fulfillment of our requests is as good as done in God's timing and plan. This reflects a trust in God's sovereignty and His perfect timing, encouraging believers to rest in His promises even when immediate answers are not visible.

what we asked of Him
The phrase concludes with the assurance that our prayers are not only heard but also granted. The Greek "τὰ αἰτήματα" (ta aitēmata) refers to the specific requests made in prayer. This assurance is rooted in the believer's alignment with God's will, as mentioned earlier. The historical context of the apostolic church, with its emphasis on community and mutual support, highlights the importance of praying in accordance with God's will for the edification of the body of Christ and the advancement of His kingdom.

If anyone sees his brother
The phrase "if anyone sees his brother" emphasizes the communal and relational aspect of the Christian faith. The Greek word for "brother" (ἀδελφός, adelphos) is often used in the New Testament to denote fellow believers, highlighting the familial bond within the body of Christ. This underscores the responsibility Christians have to one another, not just in physical presence but in spiritual accountability and care.

committing a sin
The act of "committing a sin" refers to an observable action that goes against God's commandments. The Greek word for sin (ἁμαρτία, hamartia) means "to miss the mark," indicating a deviation from God's standard of holiness. This phrase suggests an ongoing action, not a one-time event, pointing to the need for vigilance and prayerful intervention within the Christian community.

that does not lead to death
The distinction of a sin "that does not lead to death" implies there are varying degrees of sin in terms of their spiritual consequences. Historically, this has been interpreted to mean sins that do not result in spiritual death or eternal separation from God. Theologically, this aligns with the understanding that while all sin is serious, not all sin is unforgivable. This phrase invites believers to discern and intercede for those who are struggling but not beyond redemption.

he should ask God
The directive "he should ask God" emphasizes the power and importance of intercessory prayer. The Greek word for "ask" (αἰτέω, aiteo) conveys a sense of earnest petitioning. This highlights the believer's role in seeking divine intervention and grace for others, trusting in God's willingness to respond to the prayers of His people.

who will give life
The promise that God "will give life" speaks to the restorative power of God's grace. The Greek word for "life" (ζωή, zoe) often refers to eternal life or the abundant life found in Christ. This assurance reflects the transformative potential of God's intervention, bringing spiritual renewal and vitality to those who have strayed.

to those who commit this kind of sin
This phrase specifies the recipients of God's life-giving response—those who commit sins not leading to death. It underscores the hope and possibility of redemption for believers who err, reinforcing the message of grace and forgiveness available through Christ.

There is a sin that leads to death
The sobering statement "there is a sin that leads to death" has been the subject of much theological debate. Traditionally, this has been understood as a willful, persistent rejection of God's grace, often associated with blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. It serves as a warning of the grave consequences of hard-heartedness and unrepentance.

I am not saying he should ask regarding that sin
John's clarification, "I am not saying he should ask regarding that sin," suggests a boundary in intercessory prayer. It acknowledges the limits of human intervention in cases of deliberate and unrepentant sin. This does not negate the call to pray for all, but it recognizes the seriousness of certain spiritual conditions that require divine judgment.

All unrighteousness
The phrase "all unrighteousness" encompasses every form of moral wrongness or injustice. The Greek word for unrighteousness, "adikia," implies a deviation from what is just or right according to God's standards. In the biblical context, unrighteousness is not merely a legal or societal failing but a spiritual one, reflecting a heart that is not aligned with God's holiness. Historically, the early church understood unrighteousness as actions and attitudes that contradicted the teachings of Jesus and the apostles. This phrase serves as a reminder that any departure from God's will is considered sin, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of sin in the Christian life.

is sin
The Greek word for sin, "hamartia," literally means "to miss the mark." In the New Testament, sin is portrayed as falling short of God's glory and standards. Theologically, sin is not just an act but a condition of the heart that separates humanity from God. The apostle John reiterates that unrighteousness is inherently sinful, reinforcing the idea that sin is not just about breaking specific commandments but about a broader failure to live in accordance with God's righteousness. This understanding calls believers to a higher standard of living, one that seeks to reflect God's character in every aspect of life.

yet there is sin that does not lead to death
This phrase introduces a nuanced understanding of sin within the Christian doctrine. The "sin that does not lead to death" suggests that not all sins have the same spiritual consequences. The early church fathers, such as Augustine and Aquinas, distinguished between mortal and venial sins, with the former leading to spiritual death and the latter not severing one's relationship with God. In the context of 1 John, this could refer to sins that, while serious, do not result in the ultimate spiritual death because they are repented of and forgiven through Christ's atonement. Theologically, this highlights God's grace and the possibility of restoration for believers who confess and turn away from their sins. It serves as an encouragement to Christians that while sin is serious, God's mercy is available, and not all sin results in eternal separation from Him.

We know
This phrase emphasizes the certainty and assurance that believers possess. The Greek word "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen) implies a deep, intuitive knowledge that comes from a relationship with God. In the context of 1 John, this knowledge is not merely intellectual but experiential, rooted in the transformative work of the Holy Spirit in the believer's life.

that anyone born of God
The phrase "born of God" refers to the spiritual rebirth that occurs when a person accepts Jesus Christ as their Savior. The Greek term "γεννηθεὶς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ" (gennetheis ek tou Theou) highlights the divine origin of this new life. This concept is foundational in Christian theology, emphasizing that believers are not merely improved versions of their old selves but are entirely new creations in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17).

does not keep on sinning
The Greek verb "ἁμαρτάνει" (hamartanei) is in the present tense, indicating a continuous action. This suggests that while believers may still sin, they do not live in a habitual state of sin. The transformative power of being "born of God" breaks the dominion of sin, aligning with Paul's teaching in Romans 6:14 that sin shall not be the master over those under grace.

the One who was born of God
This phrase refers to Jesus Christ, the unique Son of God. The Greek "ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ" (ho gennetheis ek tou Theou) underscores His divine nature and mission. Jesus, as the incarnate Word, is both fully God and fully man, uniquely qualified to mediate between God and humanity (1 Timothy 2:5).

protects him
The Greek word "τηρεῖ" (tērei) means to guard or keep watch over. This protection is not merely physical but spiritual, ensuring that the believer is safeguarded from ultimate spiritual harm. Jesus' role as protector is a recurring theme in Scripture, reflecting His promise in John 10:28-29 that no one can snatch His sheep from His hand.

and the evil one
The term "ὁ πονηρός" (ho ponēros) refers to Satan, the adversary of God and His people. Throughout the New Testament, Satan is depicted as a real and personal being who opposes God's purposes. However, his power is limited and ultimately defeated through Christ's death and resurrection.

cannot touch him
The Greek word "ἅπτεται" (haptetai) implies a grasp or hold. In this context, it signifies that the evil one cannot lay hold of or possess the believer. This assurance is rooted in the believer's union with Christ, who has overcome the world (John 16:33) and disarmed the powers of darkness (Colossians 2:15).

We know
The phrase "We know" signifies a confident assurance and understanding that comes from faith and spiritual insight. In the Greek, the word used is "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen), which implies a deep, intuitive knowledge. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but is rooted in the experiential reality of a relationship with God. It reflects the certainty that believers have in their identity and standing before God, a theme that is consistent throughout the Johannine epistles.

that we are of God
This phrase emphasizes the identity and belonging of believers. The Greek word "ἐσμεν" (esmen) for "we are" indicates a present and continuous state of being. "Of God" signifies origin and ownership, highlighting that believers are born of God, as seen in earlier chapters of 1 John. This identity is not based on human effort but on divine action, underscoring the transformative power of being children of God. It is a reminder of the spiritual rebirth and the new creation that believers experience through faith in Jesus Christ.

and that the whole world
The term "the whole world" (Greek: "ὁ κόσμος ὅλος," ho kosmos holos) refers to the entirety of the human system that is in opposition to God. In Johannine literature, "world" often denotes the realm of human affairs that is alienated from God and under the influence of sin. This phrase sets up a stark contrast between those who are "of God" and the rest of humanity, emphasizing the pervasive nature of sin and the need for redemption.

is under the power of the evil one
The phrase "under the power of the evil one" (Greek: "ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖται," en tō ponērō keitai) describes the dominion and influence that Satan, referred to as "the evil one," has over the world. The verb "κεῖται" (keitai) suggests being situated or lying under the control of something. This highlights the spiritual battle that exists between the kingdom of God and the forces of darkness. The "evil one" is a title for Satan, who is depicted as the adversary of God and His people. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the reality of spiritual warfare and the need for believers to remain vigilant and grounded in their faith.

And we know
The phrase "And we know" signifies a confident assurance that is characteristic of the apostle John's writing. The Greek word used here is "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen), which implies a deep, intuitive knowledge. This is not mere intellectual assent but a profound, Spirit-given certainty. In the context of 1 John, this knowledge is rooted in the testimony of the Holy Spirit and the apostolic witness, providing believers with a firm foundation in their faith.

that the Son of God has come
The phrase "that the Son of God has come" refers to the incarnation of Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "come" is "ἥκω" (hēkō), indicating not just arrival but presence. This emphasizes the historical reality of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. The coming of the Son of God is the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and the manifestation of God's redemptive plan. It underscores the divine initiative in salvation, where God Himself enters human history to redeem His people.

and has given us understanding
The phrase "and has given us understanding" highlights the transformative work of Christ in the believer's life. The Greek word for "understanding" is "διάνοια" (dianoia), which refers to the mind or intellect. This understanding is a gift from God, enabling believers to comprehend spiritual truths. It is through this divine enlightenment that Christians can discern the truth about God and His purposes, contrasting with the darkness of the world.

so that we may know Him who is true
The purpose of this understanding is "so that we may know Him who is true." The Greek word for "know" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies an experiential knowledge. "Him who is true" refers to God the Father, emphasizing His authenticity and faithfulness. In a world filled with deception and falsehood, knowing the true God is the ultimate assurance for believers. This knowledge is relational, inviting believers into a deeper fellowship with God.

and we are in Him who is true
The phrase "and we are in Him who is true" speaks to the believer's union with God. The preposition "in" (ἐν) signifies an intimate relationship, where believers are spiritually united with God through Christ. This union is a central theme in Johannine theology, reflecting the believer's secure position in God's family. It is a source of comfort and strength, affirming that believers are not alone but are part of God's eternal kingdom.

in His Son Jesus Christ
The phrase "in His Son Jesus Christ" identifies the means by which believers are united with God. Jesus Christ is the mediator of this relationship, and it is through Him that believers have access to the Father. The title "Son" emphasizes the unique and eternal relationship between Jesus and the Father, affirming His divinity and authority. This relationship is the foundation of the Christian faith, highlighting the centrality of Christ in God's redemptive plan.

He is the true God and eternal life
The declaration "He is the true God and eternal life" is a profound affirmation of the deity of Christ. The Greek word for "true" is "ἀληθινός" (alēthinos), meaning genuine or real. This statement unequivocally identifies Jesus as God, countering any heretical views that deny His divinity. Furthermore, "eternal life" is not just a future promise but a present reality for those who are in Christ. It is the life of God imparted to believers, characterized by an unending relationship with Him. This assurance of eternal life is the culmination of John's message, offering hope and certainty to all who trust in Jesus.

Little children
This affectionate term, "little children," is translated from the Greek word "τεκνία" (teknia), which conveys a sense of endearment and spiritual parenthood. The Apostle John, often referred to as the "Apostle of Love," uses this term to express his deep care and concern for the spiritual well-being of his readers. In the historical context, John is addressing believers who are relatively new in their faith, emphasizing their need for guidance and protection. This phrase reminds us of the intimate relationship between a spiritual leader and their congregation, akin to a parent nurturing their children in the faith.

keep yourselves
The phrase "keep yourselves" is derived from the Greek word "φυλάσσω" (phylassō), which means to guard or protect. This implies an active, vigilant stance against potential spiritual dangers. In the context of the early church, believers were surrounded by pagan practices and false teachings. The call to "keep yourselves" is a reminder of the personal responsibility each believer has to remain steadfast in their faith, actively resisting influences that could lead them astray. It underscores the importance of spiritual discipline and the need for constant vigilance in one's walk with Christ.

from idols
The term "idols" comes from the Greek word "εἴδωλον" (eidōlon), which refers to an image or representation of a false god. In the historical and cultural context of the first-century church, idolatry was rampant, with many believers coming from backgrounds steeped in idol worship. This command is not only a prohibition against physical idols but also a warning against anything that takes the place of God in one's heart. Idolatry, in a broader sense, can include the worship of material possessions, power, or even ideologies that contradict the teachings of Christ. This phrase serves as a timeless exhortation to prioritize God above all else, ensuring that nothing else becomes an object of worship or devotion. It calls believers to examine their lives and rid themselves of anything that competes with their allegiance to God.