Lamentations 2:10
New International Version
The elders of Daughter Zion sit on the ground in silence; they have sprinkled dust on their heads and put on sackcloth. The young women of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground.

New Living Translation
The leaders of beautiful Jerusalem sit on the ground in silence. They are clothed in burlap and throw dust on their heads. The young women of Jerusalem hang their heads in shame.

English Standard Version
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground in silence; they have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth; the young women of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground.

Berean Standard Bible
The elders of the Daughter of Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth. The young women of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground.

King James Bible
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit upon the ground, and keep silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

New King James Version
The elders of the daughter of Zion Sit on the ground and keep silence; They throw dust on their heads And gird themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem Bow their heads to the ground.

New American Standard Bible
The elders of the daughter of Zion Sit on the ground and are silent. They have thrown dust on their heads; They have put on sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem Have bowed their heads to the ground.

NASB 1995
The elders of the daughter of Zion Sit on the ground, they are silent. They have thrown dust on their heads; They have girded themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem Have bowed their heads to the ground.

NASB 1977
The elders of the daughter of Zion Sit on the ground, they are silent. They have thrown dust on their heads; They have girded themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem Have bowed their heads to the ground.

Legacy Standard Bible
The elders of the daughter of Zion Sit on the ground; they are silent. They have thrown dust up on their heads; They have girded themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem Have bowed their heads down to the ground.

Amplified Bible
The elders of the Daughter of Zion Sit on the ground keeping silent; They have thrown dust on their heads, They have covered themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem Have bowed their heads to the ground.

Christian Standard Bible
The elders of Daughter Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth. The young women of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The elders of Daughter Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth. The young women of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground.

American Standard Version
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit upon the ground, they keep silence; They have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: The virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

Contemporary English Version
Zion's leaders are silent. They just sit on the ground, tossing dirt on their heads and wearing sackcloth. Her young women can do nothing but stare at the ground.

English Revised Version
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit upon the ground, they keep silence; they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The respected leaders of Zion's people sit silently on the ground. They throw dirt on their heads and put on sackcloth. The young women of Jerusalem bow their heads to the ground.

Good News Translation
Jerusalem's old men sit on the ground in silence, With dust on their heads and sackcloth on their bodies. Young women bow their heads to the ground.

International Standard Version
The leaders of cherished Zion sit silently on the ground; they throw dust on their heads and dress in mourning clothes. The young women of Jerusalem bow their heads in sorrow.

Majority Standard Bible
The elders of the Daughter of Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth. The young women of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground.

NET Bible
The elders of Daughter Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have thrown dirt on their heads; They have dressed in sackcloth. Jerusalem's young women stare down at the ground.

New Heart English Bible
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have cast up dust on their heads; they have clothed themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

Webster's Bible Translation
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit upon the ground, and keep silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

World English Bible
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground. They keep silence. They have cast up dust on their heads. They have clothed themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Sit on the earth—[the] elderly of Zion’s daughter keep silent, "" They have caused dust to go up on their head, "" They have girded on sackcloth, "" The virgins of Jerusalem have "" Put their head down to the earth.

Young's Literal Translation
Sit on the earth -- keep silent do the elders of the daughter of Zion, They have caused dust to go up on their head, They have girded on sackcloth, Put down to the earth their head have the virgins of Jerusalem.

Smith's Literal Translation
They sat upon the earth; the old men of the daughter of Zion were silent; they brought up the dust upon their head: they girded on sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem brought down their head to the earth.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Jod. The ancients of the daughter of Sion sit upon the ground, they have held their peace: they have sprinkled their heads with dust, they are girded with haircloth, the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

Catholic Public Domain Version
JOD. The elders of the daughter of Zion have become idle; they sit on the ground. They have sprinkled their heads with ashes. They have been wrapped with haircloth. The virgins of Jerusalem have cast their heads down to the ground.

New American Bible
The elders of daughter Zion sit silently on the ground; They cast dust on their heads and dress in sackcloth; The young women of Jerusalem bow their heads to the ground.

New Revised Standard Version
The elders of daughter Zion sit on the ground in silence; they have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth; the young girls of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground and keep silence; they have cast dust on their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth; the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Yodh They have dwelt in the land and the Elders of the house of Zion kept silent. They cast dust on their heads and they put on sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem bend their heads to the ground
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
They sit upon the ground, and keep silence, The elders of the daughter of Zion; They have cast up dust upon their heads, They have girded themselves with sackcloth; The virgins of Jerusalem hang down Their heads to the ground.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
JOD. The elders of the daughter of Sion have sat upon the ground, they have kept silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloths: they have brought down to the ground the chief virgins in Jerusalem.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
God's Anger over Jerusalem
9Her gates have sunk into the ground; He has destroyed and shattered their bars. Her king and her princes are exiled among the nations, the law is no more, and even her prophets find no vision from the LORD. 10The elders of the Daughter of Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth. The young women of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground. 11My eyes fail from weeping; I am churning within. My heart is poured out in grief over the destruction of the daughter of my people, because children and infants faint in the streets of the city.…

Cross References
Job 2:12-13
When they lifted up their eyes from afar, they could barely recognize Job. They began to weep aloud, and each man tore his robe and threw dust in the air over his head. / Then they sat on the ground with him for seven days and seven nights, but no one spoke a word to him because they saw how intense his suffering was.

Ezekiel 27:30-31
They will raise their voices for you and cry out bitterly. They will throw dust on their heads and roll in ashes. / They will shave their heads for you and wrap themselves in sackcloth. They will weep over you with anguish of soul and bitter mourning.

Isaiah 3:24-26
Instead of fragrance there will be a stench; instead of a belt, a rope; instead of styled hair, baldness; instead of fine clothing, sackcloth; instead of beauty, shame. / Your men will fall by the sword, and your warriors in battle. / And the gates of Zion will lament and mourn; destitute, she will sit on the ground.

Jeremiah 4:8
So put on sackcloth, mourn and wail, for the fierce anger of the LORD has not turned away from us.”

Jeremiah 6:26
O daughter of my people, dress yourselves in sackcloth and roll in ashes. Mourn with bitter wailing, as you would for an only son, for suddenly the destroyer will come upon us.

Jeremiah 25:34
Wail, you shepherds, and cry out; roll in the dust, you leaders of the flock. For the days of your slaughter have come; you will fall and be shattered like fine pottery.

Ezekiel 7:18
They will put on sackcloth, and terror will overwhelm them. Shame will cover all their faces, and all their heads will be shaved.

Micah 1:8
Because of this I will lament and wail; I will walk barefoot and naked. I will howl like a jackal and mourn like an ostrich.

Amos 8:10
I will turn your feasts into mourning and all your songs into lamentation. I will cause everyone to wear sackcloth and every head to be shaved. I will make it like a time of mourning for an only son, and its outcome like a bitter day.

2 Samuel 13:19
And Tamar put ashes on her head and tore her robe. And putting her hand on her head, she went away crying aloud.

Nehemiah 9:1
On the twenty-fourth day of the same month, the Israelites gathered together, fasting and wearing sackcloth, with dust on their heads.

Esther 4:1-3
When Mordecai learned of all that had happened, he tore his clothes, put on sackcloth and ashes, and went out into the middle of the city, wailing loudly and bitterly. / But he went only as far as the king’s gate, because the law prohibited anyone wearing sackcloth from entering that gate. / In every province to which the king’s command and edict came, there was great mourning among the Jews. They fasted, wept, and lamented, and many lay in sackcloth and ashes.

Matthew 11:21
“Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.

Luke 10:13
Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

Matthew 5:4
Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.


Treasury of Scripture

The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, and keep silence: they have cast up dust on their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

elders

Lamentations 4:5,16
They that did feed delicately are desolate in the streets: they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills…

Lamentations 5:12,14
Princes are hanged up by their hand: the faces of elders were not honoured…

Job 2:13
So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word unto him: for they saw that his grief was very great.

sit.

Lamentations 1:1
How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! how is she become as a widow! she that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!

and keep

Lamentations 3:28
He sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because he hath borne it upon him.

Jeremiah 8:14
Why do we sit still? assemble yourselves, and let us enter into the defenced cities, and let us be silent there: for the LORD our God hath put us to silence, and given us water of gall to drink, because we have sinned against the LORD.

Amos 5:13
Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it is an evil time.

cast up

Joshua 7:6
And Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth upon his face before the ark of the LORD until the eventide, he and the elders of Israel, and put dust upon their heads.

2 Samuel 13:19
And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on crying.

Job 2:12
And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven.

they have girded

Isaiah 15:3
In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, weeping abundantly.

Isaiah 36:22
Then came Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, that was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh.

Ezekiel 7:18
They shall also gird themselves with sackcloth, and horror shall cover them; and shame shall be upon all faces, and baldness upon all their heads.

the virgins

Lamentations 1:4
The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn feasts: all her gates are desolate: her priests sigh, her virgins are afflicted, and she is in bitterness.

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Bowed Cast Daughter Dust Earth Elders Girded Ground Hang Heads Jerusalem Maidens Responsible Sackcloth Seated Silence Silent Sit Sprinkled Themselves Thrown Virgins Women Young Zion
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Bowed Cast Daughter Dust Earth Elders Girded Ground Hang Heads Jerusalem Maidens Responsible Sackcloth Seated Silence Silent Sit Sprinkled Themselves Thrown Virgins Women Young Zion
Lamentations 2
1. Jeremiah laments the misery of Jerusalem
20. He complains thereof to God














The elders of the Daughter of Zion
The term "elders" refers to the leaders or senior figures within the community, often seen as wise and experienced. In ancient Israel, elders held positions of authority and were responsible for making important decisions. "Daughter of Zion" is a poetic term for Jerusalem, emphasizing its personification as a cherished city. The elders sitting on the ground signifies a posture of mourning and despair, reflecting the deep sorrow and humiliation experienced by the city after its destruction.

sit on the ground in silence
Sitting on the ground is a traditional expression of mourning in ancient Near Eastern cultures. Silence here indicates a profound grief that is beyond words, a communal lamentation for the calamity that has befallen them. This silence can also be seen as a form of respect and acknowledgment of God's judgment, recognizing the gravity of their situation.

They have sprinkled dust on their heads
Sprinkling dust on one's head is a biblical sign of mourning and repentance. This act symbolizes humility and mortality, reminding the mourners of their frailty and the need for divine mercy. It is a physical manifestation of their inner sorrow and a plea for God's forgiveness and restoration.

and put on sackcloth
Sackcloth, a coarse material usually made from goat's hair, was worn as a sign of mourning and penitence. Wearing sackcloth is a visible expression of grief and a traditional practice in times of national or personal crisis. It signifies a rejection of comfort and luxury, focusing instead on the seriousness of their plight and their need for repentance.

The young women of Jerusalem
The mention of young women highlights the widespread nature of the mourning, affecting all demographics within the city. In biblical times, young women often symbolized hope and future prosperity. Their mourning indicates a loss of hope and a bleak outlook for the future of Jerusalem.

have bowed their heads to the ground
Bowing the head to the ground is an act of deep humility and submission. It reflects an acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and the acceptance of His judgment. This posture also signifies a plea for mercy and a desire for reconciliation with God, as the people recognize their need for His intervention and healing.

(10) The elders of the daughter of Zion . . .--The despondency of the people is indicated by the outward signs of woe. Instead of taking counsel for the emergency, the elders sit, like Job's friends (Job 2:11-13), as if the evil were inevitable. The maidens, who had once joined with timbrels and dances in festive processions, walk to and fro with downcast eyes.

Verse 10. - They have cast up dust, etc. A sign of mourning (Joshua 7:6; 2 Samuel 13:19; Job 2:12).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The elders
זִקְנֵ֣י (ziq·nê)
Adjective - masculine plural construct
Strong's 2205: Old

of the Daughter
בַת־ (ḇaṯ-)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1323: A daughter

of Zion
צִיּ֔וֹן (ṣî·yō·wn)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6726: Zion -- a mountain in Jerusalem, also a name for Jerusalem

sit
יֵשְׁב֨וּ (yê·šə·ḇū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

on the ground
לָאָ֤רֶץ (lā·’ā·reṣ)
Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land

in silence.
יִדְּמוּ֙ (yid·də·mū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 1826: To be dumb, to be astonished, to stop, to perish

They have thrown
הֶֽעֱל֤וּ (he·‘ĕ·lū)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 5927: To ascend, in, actively

dust
עָפָר֙ (‘ā·p̄ār)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6083: Dust, clay, earth, mud

on
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

their heads
רֹאשָׁ֔ם (rō·šām)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 7218: The head

and put on
חָגְר֖וּ (ḥā·ḡə·rū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 2296: To gird, gird on, gird oneself

sackcloth.
שַׂקִּ֑ים (śaq·qîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 8242: A mesh, coarse loose cloth, sacking, a bag

The young women
בְּתוּלֹ֖ת (bə·ṯū·lōṯ)
Noun - feminine plural construct
Strong's 1330: A virgin, sometimes, a bride

of Jerusalem
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ (yə·rū·šā·lim)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 3389: Jerusalem -- probably 'foundation of peace', capital city of all Israel

have bowed
הוֹרִ֤ידוּ (hō·w·rî·ḏū)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3381: To come or go down, descend

their heads
רֹאשָׁ֔ן (rō·šān)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine plural
Strong's 7218: The head

to the ground.
לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ (lā·’ā·reṣ)
Preposition-l, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land


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OT Prophets: Lamentations 2:10 The elders of the daughter of Zion (Lam. La Lm)
Lamentations 2:9
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