Sojourner (81 Occurrences)

Sojourner

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Bible Concordance

Acts 7:6 And God spoke thus: His seed shall be a sojourner in a strange land, and they shall enslave them and evil entreat them four hundred years;
(DBY)

Acts 7:29 And Moses fled at this saying, and became a sojourner in the land of Midian, where he begat two sons.
(ASV DBY YLT)

Hebrews 11:9 By faith he became a sojourner in the land of promise, as in a 'land' not his own, dwelling in tents, with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise:
(ASV)

Genesis 15:13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be sojourners in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
(Root in ASV DBY YLT RSV)

Genesis 23:4 I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Exodus 2:22 And she bare a son, and he called his name Gershom; for he said, I have been a sojourner in a foreign land.
(ASV DBY YLT NAS RSV)

Exodus 12:19 Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a sojourner, or one that is born in the land.
(See JPS ASV DBY YLT RSV)

Exodus 12:45 A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat thereof.
(See JPS ASV NAS RSV)

Exodus 12:48 And when a sojourner sojourneth with thee, and would hold the passover to Jehovah, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and hold it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.
(DBY YLT)

Exodus 12:49 One law shall be for him that is home-born and for the sojourner that sojourneth among you.
(DBY YLT)

Exodus 18:3 and her two sons; of whom the name of the one was Gershom; for he said, I have been a sojourner in a foreign land:
(ASV DBY YLT NAS RSV)

Exodus 20:10 and the seventh day 'is' a Sabbath to Jehovah thy God; thou dost not do any work, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, thy man-servant, and thy handmaid, and thy cattle, and thy sojourner who is within thy gates, --
(YLT NAS RSV)

Exodus 22:21 And a sojourner shalt thou not wrong, neither shalt thou oppress him: for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt.
(ASV YLT)

Exodus 23:9 And a sojourner shalt thou not oppress: for ye know the heart of a sojourner, seeing ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt.
(ASV YLT)

Exodus 23:12 Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest; that thine ox and thine ass may have rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the sojourner, may be refreshed.
(ASV YLT)

Leviticus 16:29 And it hath been to you for a statute age-during, in the seventh month, in the tenth of the month, ye humble yourselves, and do no work -- the native, and the sojourner who is sojourning in your midst;
(YLT)

Leviticus 17:12 Therefore I have said to the sons of Israel, No person among you doth eat blood, and the sojourner who is sojourning in your midst doth not eat blood;
(YLT)

Leviticus 17:15 And every soul that eateth that which dieth of itself, or that which is torn of beasts, whether he be home-born or a sojourner, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even: then shall he be clean.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Leviticus 18:26 and ye -- ye have kept My statutes and My judgments, and do not 'any' of all these abominations, the native and the sojourner who is sojourning in your midst,
(YLT)

Leviticus 19:10 And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather the fallen fruit of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am Jehovah your God.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Leviticus 19:33 And when a sojourner sojourneth with thee in your land, thou dost not oppress him;
(YLT)

Leviticus 19:34 The stranger that sojourneth with you shall be unto you as the home-born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt: I am Jehovah your God.
(Root in ASV YLT)

Leviticus 22:10 There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
(KJV ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Leviticus 23:22 And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them for the poor, and for the sojourner: I am Jehovah your God.
(ASV YLT)

Leviticus 24:16 And he that blasphemeth the name of Jehovah, he shall surely be put to death; all the congregation shall certainly stone him: as well the sojourner, as the home-born, when he blasphemeth the name 'of Jehovah', shall be put to death.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Leviticus 24:22 Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the sojourner, as for the home-born: for I am Jehovah your God.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Leviticus 25:6 And the sabbath of the land shall be for food for you, for thee, and for thy bondman, and for thy handmaid, and for thy hired servant, and for him that dwelleth as a sojourner with thee, and for thy cattle,
(DBY RSV)

Leviticus 25:35 "'If your brother has become poor, and his hand can't support him among you; then you shall uphold him. As a stranger and a sojourner he shall live with you.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Leviticus 25:40 As a hired servant, and as a sojourner, he shall be with you; he shall serve with you until the Year of Jubilee:
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Leviticus 25:47 "'If a stranger or sojourner with you becomes rich, and your brother beside him has grown poor, and sells himself to the stranger or foreigner living among you, or to a member of the stranger's family;
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Numbers 9:14 And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover unto Jehovah; according to the statute of the passover, and according to the ordinance thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one statute, both for the sojourner, and for him that is born in the land.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Numbers 15:14 and when a sojourner sojourneth with you, or whoso 'is' in your midst to your generations, and he hath made a fire-offering of sweet fragrance to Jehovah, as ye do so he doth.
(YLT)

Numbers 15:15 For the assembly, there shall be one statute for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth 'with you', a statute for ever throughout your generations: as ye are, so shall the sojourner be before Jehovah.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Numbers 15:16 one law and one ordinance is to you and to the sojourner who is sojourning with you.'
(YLT)

Numbers 15:26 and it hath been forgiven to all the company of the sons of Israel, and to the sojourner who is sojourning in their midst; for to all the company 'it is done' in ignorance.
(YLT)

Numbers 15:29 for the native among the sons of Israel, and for the sojourner who is sojourning in their midst -- one law is to you, for him who is doing 'anything' through ignorance.
(YLT)

Numbers 15:30 But the soul that doeth aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a sojourner, the same blasphemeth Jehovah; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Numbers 19:10 and he who is gathering the ashes of the heifer hath washed his garments, and is unclean till the evening; and it hath been to the sons of Israel, and to the sojourner who is sojourning in their midst, for a statute age-during.
(YLT)

Numbers 35:15 These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that every one that killeth any person unawares may flee thither.
(KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Deuteronomy 1:16 And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear 'the causes' between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the sojourner that is with him.
(ASV YLT)

Deuteronomy 5:14 but the seventh day is the sabbath of Jehovah thy God: thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy bondman, nor thy handmaid, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy sojourner that is within thy gates; that thy bondman and thy handmaid may rest as well as thou.
(DBY YLT NAS RSV)

Deuteronomy 10:18 He doth execute justice for the fatherless and widow, and loveth the sojourner, in giving him food and raiment.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 10:19 Love ye therefore the sojourner; for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 14:21 Ye shall not eat of anything that dieth of itself: thou mayest give it unto the sojourner that is within thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto a foreigner: for thou art a holy people unto Jehovah thy God. Thou shalt not boil a kid in its mother's milk.
(ASV YLT)

Deuteronomy 14:29 and the Levite, because he hath no portion nor inheritance with thee, and the sojourner, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that Jehovah thy God may bless thee in all the work of thy hand which thou doest.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 16:11 and thou shalt rejoice before Jehovah thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy man-servant, and thy maid-servant, and the Levite that is within thy gates, and the sojourner, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are in the midst of thee, in the place which Jehovah thy God shall choose, to cause his name to dwell there.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 16:14 and thou shalt rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy man-servant, and thy maid-servant, and the Levite, and the sojourner, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 23:7 Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite; for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian, because thou wast a sojourner in his land.
(ASV DBY YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 24:14 Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy sojourners that are in thy land within thy gates:
(Root in ASV DBY YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 24:17 Thou shalt not wrest the justice 'due' to the sojourner, 'or' to the fatherless, nor take the widow's raiment to pledge;
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 24:19 When thou reapest thy harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the sojourner, for the fatherless, and for the widow; that Jehovah thy God may bless thee in all the work of thy hands.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 24:20 When thou beatest thine olive-tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the sojourner, for the fatherless, and for the widow.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 24:21 When thou gatherest 'the grapes of' thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it after thee: it shall be for the sojourner, for the fatherless, and for the widow.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 26:11 and thou shalt rejoice in all the good which Jehovah thy God hath given unto thee, and unto thy house, thou, and the Levite, and the sojourner that is in the midst of thee.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 26:13 And thou shalt say before Jehovah thy God, I have put away the hallowed things out of my house, and also have given them unto the Levite, and unto the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow, according to all thy commandment which thou hast commanded me: I have not transgressed any of thy commandments, neither have I forgotten them:
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 27:19 Cursed be he that wresteth the justice 'due' to the sojourner, fatherless, and widow. And all the people shall say, Amen.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 28:43 The sojourner that is in the midst of thee shall mount up above thee higher and higher; and thou shalt come down lower and lower.
(ASV DBY YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 29:11 your little ones, your wives, and thy sojourner that is in the midst of thy camps, from the hewer of thy wood unto the drawer of thy water;
(ASV YLT RSV)

Deuteronomy 31:12 Assemble the people, the men and the women and the little ones, and thy sojourner that is within thy gates, that they may hear, and that they may learn, and fear Jehovah your God, and observe to do all the words of this law;
(ASV YLT RSV)

Joshua 8:33 And all Israel, and their elders and officers, and their judges, stood on this side of the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, that bare the ark of the covenant of Jehovah, as well the sojourner as the homeborn; half of them in front of mount Gerizim, and half of them in front of mount Ebal; as Moses the servant of Jehovah had commanded at the first, that they should bless the people of Israel.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Joshua 8:35 There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua read not before all the assembly of Israel, and the women, and the little ones, and the sojourners that were among them.
(Root in ASV YLT RSV)

Joshua 20:9 These have been cities of meeting for all the sons of Israel, and for a sojourner who is sojourning in their midst, for the fleeing thither of any one smiting life inadvertently, and he doth not die by the hand of the redeemer of blood till his standing before the company.
(YLT)

Judges 17:7 And there is a young man of Beth-Lehem-Judah, of the family of Judah, and he 'is' a Levite, and he 'is' a sojourner there.
(YLT)

Judges 19:1 And it cometh to pass, in those days, when there is no king in Israel, that there is a man a Levite, a sojourner in the sides of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he taketh to him a wife, a concubine, out of Beth-Lehem-Judah;
(YLT)

Judges 19:16 And lo, a man, an aged one, hath come from his work from the field in the evening, and the man 'is' of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he 'is' a sojourner in Gibeah, and the men of the place 'are' Benjamites.
(YLT)

2 Samuel 1:13 And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? And he answered, I am the son of a sojourner, an Amalekite.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Ezra 1:4 And every one who is left, of any of the places where he 'is' a sojourner, assist him do the men of his place with silver, and with gold, and with goods, and with beasts, along with a free-will offering for the house of God, that 'is' in Jerusalem.'
(YLT)

Job 28:4 A stream hath broken out from a sojourner, Those forgotten of the foot, They were low, from man they wandered.
(YLT)

Job 31:32 (The sojourner hath not lodged in the street; But I have opened my doors to the traveller);
(ASV RSV)

Psalms 39:12 Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear unto my cry; hold not thy peace at my tears: for I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Psalms 94:6 They slay the widow and the sojourner, And murder the fatherless.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Psalms 119:19 I am a sojourner in the earth: Hide not thy commandments from me.
(See JPS ASV YLT RSV)

Isaiah 14:1 For Jehovah will have compassion on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land: and the sojourner shall join himself with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob.
(ASV YLT)

Jeremiah 7:6 if ye oppress not the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow, and shed not innocent blood in this place, neither walk after other gods to your own hurt:
(ASV YLT)

Jeremiah 14:8 O thou hope of Israel, the Saviour thereof in the time of trouble, why shouldest thou be as a sojourner in the land, and as a wayfaring man that turneth aside to tarry for a night?
(ASV YLT)

Jeremiah 22:3 Thus saith Jehovah: Execute ye justice and righteousness, and deliver him that is robbed out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no violence, to the sojourner, the fatherless, nor the widow; neither shed innocent blood in this place.
(ASV YLT)

Ezekiel 22:7 In thee have they set light by father and mother; in the midst of thee have they dealt by oppression with the sojourner; in thee have they wronged the fatherless and the widow.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Ezekiel 22:29 The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery; yea, they have vexed the poor and needy, and have oppressed the sojourner wrongfully.
(ASV YLT NAS RSV)

Ezekiel 47:23 And it hath come to pass, in the tribe with which the sojourner sojourneth, there ye give his inheritance -- an affirmation of the Lord Jehovah.
(YLT)

Zechariah 7:10 and oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the sojourner, nor the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your heart.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Malachi 3:5 And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against the false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the sojourner 'from his right', and fear not me, saith Jehovah of hosts.
(ASV YLT RSV)

Thesaurus

Sojourner (81 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary (n.) One who sojourns. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia.
STRANGER AND SOJOURNER (IN THE APOCRYPHA AND THE NEW TESTAMENT). ...
/s/sojourner.htm - 48k

Sojourning (35 Occurrences)
... thirty years. (KJV WBS). Exodus 12:49 one law is to a native, and to a sojourner
who is sojourning in your midst.' (YLT). Leviticus 16 ...
/s/sojourning.htm - 18k

Sojourneth (27 Occurrences)
... Exodus 12:48 And when a sojourner sojourneth with thee, and would hold the passover
to Jehovah, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near ...
/s/sojourneth.htm - 15k

Settler (8 Occurrences)
... Genesis 23:4 A sojourner and a settler I 'am' with you; give to me a possession
of a burying-place with you, and I bury my dead from before me.' (YLT). ...
/s/settler.htm - 9k

Home-born (14 Occurrences)
... Leviticus 17:15 And every soul that eateth that which dieth of itself, or that which
is torn of beasts, whether he be home-born or a sojourner, he shall wash ...
/h/home-born.htm - 11k

Sojourners (37 Occurrences)
... Exodus 22:21 And a sojourner shalt thou not wrong, neither shalt thou oppress
him: for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt. (ASV YLT). ...
/s/sojourners.htm - 18k

Malefactor (2 Occurrences)
... STRANGER AND SOJOURNER (IN THE APOCRYPHA AND THE NEW TESTAMENT). The technical
meaning attaching to the Hebrew terms is not present ...
/m/malefactor.htm - 49k

Native (35 Occurrences)
... Exodus 12:48 And when a sojourner sojourneth with thee, and hath made a passover
to Jehovah, every male of his 'is' to be circumcised, and then he doth come ...
/n/native.htm - 19k

Native-born (16 Occurrences)
... land; (See NIV). Exodus 12:49 one law is to a native, and to a sojourner
who is sojourning in your midst.' (See NIV). Leviticus 16:29 ...
/n/native-born.htm - 11k

Temporary (13 Occurrences)
... shall uphold him. As a stranger and a sojourner he shall live with you. (See
NIV). Leviticus 25:40 As a hired servant, and as a sojourner...
/t/temporary.htm - 10k

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

(n.) One who sojourns.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

STRANGER AND SOJOURNER (IN THE APOCRYPHA AND THE NEW TESTAMENT)

The technical meaning attaching to the Hebrew terms is not present in the Greek words translated "stranger" and "sojourner," and the distinctions made by English Versions of the Bible are partly only to give uniformity in the translation. For "stranger" the usual Greek word is xenos, meaning primarily "guest" and so appearing in the combination "hatred toward guests" in The Wisdom of Solomon 19:13 (misoxenia). Xenos is the most common word for "stranger" in the New Testament (Matthew 25:35, etc.), but it seems not to be used by itself with this force in the Apocrypha. Almost equally common in the New Testament is allotrios, "belonging to another" (Matthew 17:25, 26 John 10:5 (bis)), and this is the usual word in the Apocrypha (Sirach 8:18; 1 Maccabees 1:38, etc.), but for some inexplicable reason the Revised Version (British and American) occasionally translates by "alien" (contrast, e.g. 1 Maccabees 1:38; 2:7). Compare the corresponding verb apallotrioo (Ephesians 2:12; Ephesians 4:18 Colossians 1:21). With the definite meaning of "foreigner" are allogenes, "of another nation," the Revised Version (British and American) "stranger" (1 Esdras 8:83; 1 Maccabees 3:45 (the King James Version "alien"); Luke 17:18 (the Revised Version margin "alien")), and allophulos, "of another tribe," the Revised Version (British and American) "stranger" (Baruch 6:5; 1 Maccabees 4:12, etc.) or "of another nation" (Acts 10:28). For "to sojourn" the commonest form is paroikeo, "to dwell beside," the Revised Version (British and American) always "to sojourn" (Judith 5:7; Sirach 41:19; Luke 24:18 (the King James Version "to be a stranger"); Hebrews 11:9). The corresponding noun for "sojourner" is paroikos (Sirach 29:26 (the King James Version "stranger"); Acts 7:6, 26 Ephesians 2:19 1 Peter 2:11), with paroikia, "sojourning" (The Wisdom of Solomon 19:10; Sirach 16:8; Acts 13:17 (the King James Version "dwelling as strangers"); 1 Peter 1:17). In addition, epidemeo, "to be among people," is translated "to sojourn" in Acts 2:10; Acts 17:21, and its compound parepidemos, as "sojourner" in 1 Peter 1:1 (in Hebrews 11:13 1 Peter 2:11, "pilgrim").

Burton Scott Easton

STRANGER AND SOJOURNER (IN THE OLD TESTAMENT)

stranj'-er:

I. THE GER

1. Legal provisions

(1) Principles

(2) Rules

2. Relation to Sacrifice and Ritual

3. Historical Circumstances

II. THE TOSHABH

III. THE NOKHRI OR BEN NEKHAR

1. Marriage

2. Exclusion of Some Races from the Assembly

IV. THE ZAR

Four different Hebrew words must be considered separately:

(1) ger, the American Standard Revised Version "sojourner" or "stranger";

(2) toshabh, the American Standard Revised Version "sojourner";

(3) nokhri, ben nekhar, the American Standard Revised Version "foreigner";

(4) zar, the American Standard Revised Version "stranger."

I. The Ger.

This word with its kindred verb is applied with slightly varying meanings to anyone who resides in a country or a town of which he is not a full native land-owning citizen; e.g., the word is used of the patriarchs in Palestine, the Israelites in Egypt, the Levites dwelling among the Israelites (Deuteronomy 18:6 Judges 17:7, etc.), the Ephraimite in Gibeah (Judges 19:16). It is also particularly used of free aliens residing among the Israelites, and it is with the position of such that this article deals. This position is absolutely unparalleled in early legal systems (A. H. Post, Grundriss der ethnologischen Jurisprudenz, I, 448, note 3), which are usually far from favorable to strangers.

1. Legal Provisions:

(1) Principles.

The dominant principles of the legislation are most succinctly given in two passages: He "loveth the ger in giving him food and raiment" (Deuteronomy 10:18); "And if a ger sojourn with thee (variant "you") in your land, ye shall not do him wrong. The ger that sojourneth with you shall be unto you as the home-born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were gerim in the land of Egypt" (Leviticus 19:33 f). This treatment of the stranger is based partly on historic recollection, partly on the duty of the Israelite to his God. Because the ger would be at a natural disadvantage through his alienage, he becomes one of the favorites of a legislation that gives special protection to the weak and helpless.

(2) Rules.

In nationality the freeman followed his father, so that the son of a ger and an Israelitess was himself a ger (Leviticus 24:10-22). Special care was to be taken to do him no judicial wrong (Deuteronomy 1:16; Deuteronomy 27:19). In what may roughly be called criminal law it was enacted that the same rules should apply to gerim as to natives (Leviticus 18:26, which is due to the conception that certain abominations defile a land; Leviticus 20:2, where the motive is also religious; Leviticus 24:10-22; see SBL, 84;; Numbers 35:15). A free Israelite who became his slave was subject to redemption by a relative at any time on payment of the fair price (Leviticus 25:47). This passage and Deuteronomy 28:43 contemplate the possibility of a stranger's becoming wealthy, but by far the greater number of the legal provisions regard him as probably poor. Thus provision is made for him to participate in tithes (Deuteronomy 14:29; Deuteronomy 26:12), gleanings of various sorts and forgotten sheaves (Leviticus 19:10; Leviticus 23:22 Deuteronomy 24:19, 20, 21), and poor hired servants were not to be oppressed (Deuteronomy 24:14).

2. Relation to Sacrifice and Ritual:

Nearly all the main holy days apply to the ger. He was to rest on the Sabbath (Exodus 20:10; Exodus 23:12, etc.), to rejoice on Weeks and Tabernacles (Deuteronomy 16), to observe the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:29), to have no leaven on the Festival of Unleavened Bread (Exodus 12:19). But he could not keep the Passover unless he underwent circumcision (Exodus 12:48). He could not eat blood at any rate during the wilderness period (Leviticus 17:10-12), and for that period, but not thereafter, he was probihited from eating that which died of itself (Leviticus 17:15 Deuteronomy 14:21) under pain of being unclean until the even. He could offer sacrifices (Leviticus 17:8; Leviticus 22:18 Numbers 15:14 f), and was subject to the same rules as a native for unwitting sins (Numbers 15:22-31), and for purification for uncleanness by reason of contact with a dead body (Numbers 19:10-13).

3. Historical Circumstances:

The historical circumstances were such as to render the position of the resident alien important from the first. A "mixed multitude" went up with the Israelites from Egypt, and after the conquest we find Israelites and the races of Palestine living side by side throughout the country. We repeatedly read of resident aliens in the historical books, e.g. Uriah the Hittite. According to 2 Chronicles 2:17 (Hebrew 16) there was a very large number of such in the days of Solomon, but the figure may be excessive. These seem to have been the remnant of the conquered tribes (1 Kings 9:20 f). Ezekiel in his vision assigned to gerim landed inheritance among the Israelites (47:22). Hospitality to the ger was of course a religious duty and the host would go to any lengths to protect his guest (Genesis 19 Judges 19:24).

II. The Toshabh.

Of the toshabh we know very little. It is possible that the word is practically synonymous with ger, but perhaps it is used of less permanent sojourning. Thus in Leviticus 22:10 it appears to cover anybody residing with a priest. A toshabh could not eat the Passover or the "holy" things of a priest (Exodus 12:45 Leviticus 22:10). His children could be purchased as perpetual slaves, and the law of the Jubilee did not apply to them as to Israelites (Leviticus 25:45). He is expressly mentioned in the law of homicide (Numbers 35:15), but otherwise we have no information as to his legal position. Probably it was similar to that of the ger.

III. The Nokhri Ben Nekhar.

The nokhri or ben nekhar was a foreigner. The word is far wider than those considered above. It covers everything of alien or foreign character regardless of the place of residence. By circumcision a foreign slave could enter into the covenant with Abraham. Foreigners were of course excluded from the Passover (Exodus 12:43), but could offer sacrifices to Israel's God at the religious capital (Leviticus 22:25). The Israelite could exact interest of them (Deuteronomy 23:20) and the payment of debts in cases where an Israelite debtor was protected by the release of Deuteronomy 15:3. Moses forbade the appointment of a foreigner as a ruler (Deuteronomy 17:15, in a law which according to Massoretic Text relates to a "king," but in the preferable text of Septuagint to a ruler generally). Later the worship of God by foreigners from a distance was contemplated and encouraged (1 Kings 8:41-43 Isaiah 2:2; Isaiah 56:3, 6 f; etc.), while the case of Naaman shows that a foreigner might worship Him abroad (2 Kings 5:17). A resident foreigner was of course a ger. The distinction between these three words is perhaps best seen in Exodus 12:43, 45, 48 f. in the first of these verses we have ben nekhar, used to cover "alien" generally; in the last the ger is contemplated as likely to undergo a complete naturalization; while in 12:45 the toshabh is regarded as certain to be outside the religious society.

1. Marriage:

In the earlier period marriages with foreigners are common, though disliked (e.g. Genesis 24:3; Genesis 27:46;; Numbers 12:1 Judges 14:3, etc.). The Law provides for some unions of this kind (Deuteronomy 21:10; compare Numbers 31:18), but later Judaism became more stringent. Moses required the high priest to marry a virgin of his own people (Leviticus 21:14); Ezekiel limited all descendants of Zadok to wives of the house of Israel (44:22); Ezra and Nehemiah carried on a vigorous polemic against the intermarriage of any Jew with foreign women (Ezra 10 Nehemiah 13:23-31).

2. Exclusion of Some Races from Assembly:

Deuteronomy further takes up a hostile attitude to Ammonites and Moabites, excluding them from the assembly of the Lord even to the tenth generation, while the children of the third generation of Edomites and Egyptians could enter it (23:3-8 (Hebrew 4-9)). From 1 Kings 9:20, 21, 24 1 Chronicles 22:2 we learn of the existence of foreign quarters in Israel.

IV. The Zar.

The remaining word zar means "stranger" and takes its coloring from the context. It may mean "stranger in blood," e.g. non-Aaronite (Numbers 16:40 (Heb 17:5)), or non-Levite (e.g. Numbers 1:51), or a non-member of some other defined family (Deuteronomy 25:5). In opposition to priest it means "lay" (Leviticus 22:10-13), and when the contrast is with holy, it denotes "profane" (Exodus 30:9).

SeeFOREIGNER; GENTILES; PROSELYTE; CHERETHITES; PELETHITES; MARRIAGE; COMMERCE.

Harold M. Wiener

SOJOURNER

soj'-er-ner, so'-jur-ner, suj'-er-ner.

See STRANGER AND SOJOURNER.

Greek

3927. parepidemos -- sojourning in a strange place
... par-ep-id'-ay-mos) Short Definition: residing in a strange country, a stranger
Definition: residing in a strange country; subst: a stranger, sojourner. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3927.htm - 7k

3941. paroikos -- dwelling near, foreign
... Transliteration: paroikos Phonetic Spelling: (par'-oy-kos) Short Definition: a stranger,
foreigner Definition: foreign, alien, subst: a foreigner, sojourner. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3941.htm - 7k

Strong's Hebrew

8453. toshab -- a sojourner
... 8452, 8453. toshab. 8454 . a sojourner. Transliteration: toshab Phonetic
Spelling: (to-shawb') Short Definition: sojourner. Word ...
/hebrew/8453.htm - 6k

1616. ger -- a sojourner
... 1615, 1616. ger. 1617 . a sojourner. Transliteration: ger Phonetic Spelling:
(gare) Short Definition: alien. ... alien, sojourner, stranger. ...
/hebrew/1616.htm - 6k

8454. tushiyyah -- sound, efficient wisdom, abiding success
... 1), sound wisdom (7), success (1), wisdom (1). foreigner, inhabitant,
sojourner, stranger. Or tushiyah { too-shee-yaw'}; from an ...
/hebrew/8454.htm - 6k

Library

Song of the Sojourner.
... SONG OF THE SOJOURNER. SONG OF THE SOJOURNER. 7,6,7,6. "I am a stranger with
thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were.""Psalm 39:12. ...
/.../borthwick/hymns from the land of luther/song of the sojourner.htm

Psalm LXI.
... [2343] ... 5. "A sojourner I will be in Thy tabernacle even unto ages"
(ver.4). Ye see how he, of whom we have spoken, is he that crieth. ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/augustine/exposition on the book of psalms/psalm lxi.htm

Chapter xxiii
... 3, 4. And Abraham arose from beside his dead and spoke to the children of Heth,
saying: I am a stranger and sojourner among you; give me a grave for my own ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/leupold/exposition of genesis volume 1/chapter xxiii.htm

The Faith of Abraham.
... By faith he became a sojourner in the land of promise, as in a land not his own,
dwelling in tents, with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise ...
/.../the expositors bible the epistle to the hebrews/chapter xi the faith of.htm

Exegetic.
... In this sense David says of himself, I am a stranger with thee and a sojourner,
as all my fathers were.' [491] Abraham was a sojourner, who did not possess ...
//christianbookshelf.org/basil/basil letters and select works/ii exegetic.htm

Gimel.
... What he addeth, "I am a lodger upon earth" (ver.19): or, as some copies read, "I
am a sojourner upon earth, O hide not Thy commandments from me," hath the same ...
//christianbookshelf.org/augustine/exposition on the book of psalms/gimel.htm

With, Before, After
... everything good and noble. 'I am a stranger with Thee, and a sojourner, as
all my fathers were,' said the Psalmist of old. If he had ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture k/with before after.htm

The Kinsman-Redeemer
... 'If a stranger or sojourner with thee be waxen rich, and thy brother be waxen
poor beside him, and sell himself unto the stranger... ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture h/the kinsman-redeemer.htm

Hebrews xi. 13-16
... [1.] The first virtue, yea the whole of virtue, is to be a stranger to this world,
and a sojourner, and to have nothing in common with things here, but to hang ...
/.../homilies on the gospel of st john and hebrews/homily xxiv hebrews xi 13-16.htm

The Bitterness and Blessedness of the Brevity of Life
... 'Surely every man walketh in a vain shew....12. I am a stranger with Thee,
and a sojourner, as all my fathers were.' "Psalm 39:6, 12. ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture j/the bitterness and blessedness of.htm

Subtopics

Sojourner

Related Terms

Sojourning (35 Occurrences)

Sojourneth (27 Occurrences)

Settler (8 Occurrences)

Home-born (14 Occurrences)

Sojourners (37 Occurrences)

Malefactor (2 Occurrences)

Native (35 Occurrences)

Native-born (16 Occurrences)

Temporary (13 Occurrences)