The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying
The word
In the Hebrew text, the term used here is "דָּבָר" (dabar), which signifies not just a spoken word but a message or a matter of importance. This highlights the gravity and divine authority of the communication. In the biblical context, "dabar" often refers to God's revelation to His prophets, underscoring the sacredness and truth of the message. It is a reminder that God's word is living and active, meant to guide, correct, and inspire His people.

that came
The phrase indicates the divine origin of the message. The Hebrew verb "הָיָה" (hayah) is used, which means "to come to pass" or "to happen." This suggests that the word of God is not static but dynamic, entering into human history and experience. It emphasizes the active role of God in communicating with His people, ensuring that His will is known and understood.

to Jeremiah
Jeremiah, whose name in Hebrew is "יִרְמְיָהוּ" (Yirmeyahu), meaning "Yahweh will exalt" or "Yahweh throws," was a prophet chosen by God to deliver His messages to the people of Judah. His life and ministry were marked by challenges and opposition, yet he remained faithful to his calling. This highlights the personal nature of God's communication, as He chooses specific individuals to carry out His divine purposes.

from the LORD
The term "LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the sacred and covenantal name of God. This name signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. It is a reminder of the personal relationship God desires with His people and His commitment to them. The use of this name underscores the authority and reliability of the message being delivered.

saying
The Hebrew word "לֵאמֹר" (le'mor) is used here, which means "to say" or "to declare." This introduces the content of the divine message and indicates that what follows is a direct communication from God. It serves as a transition from the introduction of the message to its actual content, emphasizing the importance of listening and responding to God's word. This phrase invites the reader to pay close attention to the divine instructions and to be open to the transformative power of God's voice.

Listen to the words of this covenant
Listen
The Hebrew word used here is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear, listen, or obey. In the biblical context, listening is not merely about auditory reception but involves an active response. It implies a readiness to act upon what is heard. This call to listen is a divine imperative, urging the people to pay attention to God's instructions. In a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the importance of being attentive to God's Word and being prepared to respond in obedience.

to the words
The term "words" in Hebrew is "דְּבָרִים" (devarim), which can mean words, matters, or things. In this context, it refers to the specific stipulations and commandments of the covenant. The use of "words" underscores the precision and clarity of God's communication. Each word carries weight and significance, reminding believers of the importance of Scripture as the authoritative guide for faith and practice.

of this covenant
The Hebrew word for covenant is "בְּרִית" (berit), which signifies a solemn agreement or contract. In the biblical narrative, covenants are foundational to God's relationship with His people. This particular covenant refers to the Mosaic Covenant, established at Sinai, which outlines the laws and commandments given to Israel. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, the covenant represents God's unchanging promises and expectations. It serves as a reminder of the faithfulness required from God's people and the blessings and curses associated with obedience and disobedience.

You are to say to them
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to the prophet Jeremiah. The Hebrew root for "say" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used in the context of divine communication. This highlights the role of the prophet as a mouthpiece for God, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's instructions. Historically, prophets were seen as intermediaries between God and His people, tasked with delivering messages that were often challenging or corrective.

This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says
The phrase establishes the authority of the message. "LORD" is translated from "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, underscoring His covenant relationship with Israel. "The God of Israel" reinforces this covenant identity, reminding the people of their unique relationship with God. This historical context is crucial, as it recalls the covenant made at Sinai, where Israel agreed to follow God's laws.

‘Cursed is the man
The word "cursed" comes from the Hebrew "אָרוּר" (arur), which implies being under divine judgment or disfavor. In the ancient Near Eastern context, blessings and curses were understood as powerful declarations that could shape one's destiny. This phrase serves as a stark warning, emphasizing the serious consequences of disobedience to God's covenant.

who does not obey
The Hebrew root for "obey" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear, listen, or give heed. In the biblical context, obedience is not just about hearing words but acting upon them. This reflects the biblical principle that true faith is demonstrated through actions. The historical context of Israel's repeated disobedience highlights the importance of this call to obedience.

the words of this covenant
The term "covenant" is translated from "בְּרִית" (berit), a binding agreement between two parties. In the Bible, covenants are central to God's relationship with humanity, particularly with Israel. The "words of this covenant" refer to the laws and commandments given by God, which were meant to guide Israel in righteousness and justice. This phrase reminds the reader of the Sinai covenant, where Israel pledged to follow God's laws in exchange for His protection and blessing.

the terms of the covenant
The phrase "the terms of the covenant" refers to the specific stipulations and obligations that God set forth for the Israelites. In Hebrew, the word for "covenant" is "בְּרִית" (berit), which signifies a solemn agreement or contract. This covenant is reminiscent of ancient Near Eastern treaties, where a suzerain (a powerful king) would establish a relationship with a vassal (a lesser king or people). In this context, God is the suzerain, and Israel is the vassal. The covenant at Sinai, where God gave the Law through Moses, is central to understanding Israel's identity and mission. It was not merely a legal contract but a relational bond, calling Israel to be a holy nation and a kingdom of priests (Exodus 19:6).

I commanded your forefathers
This phrase underscores the continuity of God's revelation and expectations from one generation to the next. The Hebrew word for "commanded" is "צִוָּה" (tsivah), which implies a directive given with authority. God’s commands to the forefathers, particularly at Mount Sinai, were foundational for the nation of Israel. The historical context here is crucial; it reminds the Israelites of their ancestors' experiences and the divine instructions given to them. This continuity emphasizes the importance of obedience and faithfulness to God's commands as a perpetual requirement.

when I brought them out of the land of Egypt
This phrase recalls the pivotal event of the Exodus, where God delivered the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The Hebrew term for "brought out" is "הוֹצֵאתִי" (hotzeiti), which conveys the idea of a powerful and purposeful act of salvation. The Exodus is a central theme in the Old Testament, symbolizing God's redemptive power and faithfulness. It serves as a constant reminder of God's grace and the beginning of Israel's journey as His chosen people. This historical event is foundational for understanding Israel's identity and their covenant relationship with God.

out of the iron furnace
The metaphor "iron furnace" vividly describes the harsh conditions of slavery in Egypt. In Hebrew, "כּוּר הַבַּרְזֶל" (kur ha-barzel) suggests a place of intense heat and pressure, used for refining metals. This imagery highlights the severity of Israel's oppression and the miraculous nature of their deliverance. It also serves as a reminder of God's ability to purify and transform His people through trials. The "iron furnace" metaphor is a powerful illustration of God's redemptive work, bringing His people out of bondage and into freedom.

saying ‘Obey My voice, and do all that I command you.’
This phrase emphasizes the centrality of obedience in the covenant relationship. The Hebrew word for "obey" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear, listen, and respond appropriately. It implies an active, attentive listening that results in action. God's call to "do all that I command you" underscores the comprehensive nature of His expectations. Obedience is not selective but encompasses all aspects of life. This call to obedience is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, highlighting the importance of aligning one's life with God's will.

So you will be My people, and I will be your God
This phrase encapsulates the essence of the covenant relationship. The promise "you will be My people" signifies a special, chosen status for Israel, set apart for God's purposes. The reciprocal promise "I will be your God" assures them of His presence, protection, and provision. This covenant formula is foundational to the identity of Israel and is echoed throughout the Bible. It reflects God's desire for a personal, intimate relationship with His people, characterized by mutual commitment and faithfulness. This relationship is ultimately fulfilled in the New Covenant through Jesus Christ, where believers are grafted into this divine promise.

Then I will fulfill
This phrase indicates a divine promise and action. The Hebrew root here is "קום" (qum), which means to establish or confirm. In the context of the covenant, it signifies God's faithfulness and His active role in bringing His promises to fruition. Historically, this reflects God's consistent nature as seen throughout the Old Testament, where He repeatedly fulfills His covenants with Israel despite their unfaithfulness.

the oath
The term "oath" in Hebrew is "שְׁבוּעָה" (shevu'ah), which refers to a solemn promise or vow. In ancient Near Eastern culture, oaths were binding and sacred, often invoking divine witnesses. This highlights the seriousness with which God regards His commitments, contrasting with human tendencies to break promises.

that I swore
The act of swearing an oath by God underscores His unchanging nature and the certainty of His word. The Hebrew "נָשַׁב" (nashav) implies a deep commitment. Scripturally, this reflects God's covenantal relationship with His people, as seen in His promises to the patriarchs like Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

to your fathers
This phrase connects the present generation with their ancestors, emphasizing continuity in God's plan. The "fathers" refer to the patriarchs and the leaders of Israel's past, reminding the Israelites of their heritage and the longstanding nature of God's promises.

to give them
The verb "to give" (נָתַן, natan) in Hebrew conveys the idea of a gift or grant. This reflects God's grace and generosity, as the land was not earned by Israel but given by God as part of His covenant. It underscores the unmerited favor that God bestows upon His people.

a land flowing with milk and honey
This phrase is a vivid description of abundance and prosperity. In the ancient world, "milk and honey" symbolized fertility and plenty, representing the ideal living conditions. Archaeologically, the land of Canaan was indeed fertile, supporting this description. This promise of a bountiful land serves as a metaphor for the blessings that come from living in obedience to God.

as it is this day
This phrase serves as a reminder of the present reality of God's fulfilled promises. It calls the audience to recognize and appreciate the current blessings they enjoy as a result of God's faithfulness. Historically, it situates the prophecy in a specific time, urging the people to reflect on their current state in light of God's past actions.

Then I answered, 'Amen, LORD.'
The response "Amen" (אָמֵן, amen) is a declaration of agreement and affirmation. It signifies trust and acceptance of God's word. The use of "LORD" (יהוה, Yahweh) invokes the personal name of God, emphasizing a relationship built on reverence and faith. This response models the appropriate reaction of believers to God's promises—one of faith, trust, and submission.

“The LORD said to me”
This phrase indicates divine communication, emphasizing the prophetic nature of Jeremiah's message. The Hebrew root for "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, underscoring His covenant relationship with Israel. This direct communication from God to Jeremiah highlights the authority and authenticity of the message, reminding us that true prophecy originates from God Himself.

“Proclaim all these words”
The word "proclaim" comes from the Hebrew root "qara," meaning to call out or announce. This implies a public declaration, suggesting that the message is not just for Jeremiah but for the entire community. The phrase "all these words" indicates the completeness and importance of the message. It is a reminder that God's instructions are not to be selectively followed but wholly embraced.

“in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem”
This phrase specifies the geographical focus of the message, emphasizing the centrality of Judah and Jerusalem in God's covenantal dealings. Historically, these locations were the heart of Israel's religious and political life. The mention of "cities" and "streets" suggests that the message is for all people, from leaders to common citizens, highlighting the communal responsibility to heed God's word.

“saying, ‘Listen to the words of this covenant’”
The command to "listen" is from the Hebrew "shama," which implies not just hearing but obeying. The "words of this covenant" refer to the Mosaic Covenant, a binding agreement between God and Israel. This covenant was foundational to Israel's identity and relationship with God. The call to listen is a call to return to faithfulness, reminding us of the importance of obedience in our covenant relationship with God.

“and carry them out.”
The phrase "carry them out" translates the Hebrew "asah," meaning to do or to act. This emphasizes the necessity of action in response to God's word. It is not enough to merely hear; one must also do. This call to action reflects the biblical principle that faith without works is dead (James 2:26). It challenges believers to live out their faith in tangible ways, demonstrating their commitment to God's covenant.

For I solemnly warned your fathers
The phrase "For I solemnly warned your fathers" underscores the seriousness and gravity with which God communicated His expectations to the ancestors of the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "warned" is "עֵדוּת" (edut), which conveys a sense of testimony or witness. This implies that God's warnings were not merely verbal instructions but were also a testament to His covenantal relationship with Israel. Historically, this reflects the numerous occasions in the Old Testament where God, through prophets and leaders, reminded the Israelites of their covenant obligations, emphasizing His patience and desire for their obedience.

when I brought them out of the land of Egypt
This phrase serves as a reminder of the foundational event in Israel's history—the Exodus. The Hebrew word for "brought out" is "יָצָא" (yatsa), which means to go out or come forth. This act of deliverance was not just a physical liberation but also a spiritual and covenantal one, marking the beginning of Israel's identity as God's chosen people. Archaeologically, the Exodus is a pivotal event that shaped the cultural and religious identity of the Israelites, and it is frequently referenced throughout the Bible as a demonstration of God's power and faithfulness.

until this day
The phrase "until this day" indicates the continuity and persistence of God's warnings and expectations. It suggests that from the time of the Exodus to the present moment in Jeremiah's prophecy, God has been consistently calling His people to faithfulness. This continuity highlights God's unchanging nature and His enduring commitment to His covenant, despite Israel's repeated failures. Scripturally, this reflects the ongoing narrative of God's relationship with His people, where He remains steadfast even when they waver.

rising up early and warning them
The expression "rising up early and warning them" is a Hebrew idiom that conveys diligence and urgency. The imagery of "rising up early" suggests God's proactive and persistent efforts to reach out to His people. This phrase emphasizes God's relentless pursuit of His people's hearts and His desire for their repentance and obedience. Historically, this reflects the role of prophets like Jeremiah, who were sent by God to deliver His messages and call the people back to the covenant.

again and again
The repetition in "again and again" underscores the frequency and consistency of God's warnings. It highlights His patience and long-suffering nature, as He repeatedly reaches out to His people despite their disobedience. This phrase serves as a reminder of God's grace and mercy, as He continually offers opportunities for repentance and restoration. Scripturally, it reflects the cyclical pattern of sin, judgment, and redemption that characterizes Israel's history and God's unwavering commitment to His covenant promises.

Yet they did not listen
This phrase underscores the persistent disobedience of the people of Judah. The Hebrew root for "listen" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just hearing but obeying and acting upon what is heard. Historically, the Israelites had a covenant relationship with God, which required them to listen and adhere to His commandments. Their failure to do so reflects a recurring theme in the Old Testament, where the people often turned away from God despite His continuous guidance and warnings through the prophets.

or incline their ear
The phrase "incline their ear" suggests a deliberate act of paying attention and being receptive. The Hebrew word "הִטָּה" (natah) means to stretch out or extend, indicating an intentional effort to understand and follow God's instructions. This imagery of inclining the ear is used throughout Scripture to depict a posture of humility and willingness to be taught, which the people of Judah lacked.

but each one followed the stubbornness
Here, "stubbornness" is translated from the Hebrew word "שְׁרִרוּת" (sherirut), which conveys a sense of hardness or obstinacy. This reflects the human tendency to resist divine authority and pursue one's own desires. The historical context shows that despite numerous warnings, the people of Judah chose to follow their own ways, leading to their eventual downfall.

of his own evil heart
The "heart" in Hebrew, "לֵב" (lev), is often seen as the center of thought, emotion, and will. An "evil heart" indicates a deep-seated inclination towards sin and rebellion against God. This phrase highlights the internal nature of sin, suggesting that the root of disobedience lies within the individual's own desires and choices, rather than external circumstances.

So I brought upon them all the curses
The "curses" refer to the consequences outlined in the covenant, particularly those found in Deuteronomy 28. These were not arbitrary punishments but the result of the people's failure to uphold their covenantal obligations. The historical and scriptural context shows that God's justice is consistent; He is faithful to His word, both in blessing and in judgment.

of the covenant I had commanded them to follow
The "covenant" is central to the relationship between God and Israel. It was a binding agreement that required adherence to God's laws. The Hebrew word for covenant, "בְּרִית" (berit), signifies a solemn commitment. The people's failure to follow the covenant led to the fulfillment of the curses, demonstrating the seriousness of their rebellion and the righteousness of God's judgment.

but they did not keep them
This final phrase reiterates the disobedience of the people. The Hebrew word for "keep," "שָׁמַר" (shamar), means to guard, protect, or observe. It implies a careful and diligent adherence to God's commands. The repetition of their failure to keep the covenant emphasizes the gravity of their sin and serves as a warning to future generations about the importance of faithfulness to God.

And the LORD said to me
This phrase emphasizes the direct communication between God and the prophet Jeremiah. The Hebrew root for "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, highlighting His covenant relationship with Israel. This divine communication underscores the authority and authenticity of the message. In the historical context, prophets were God's mouthpieces, and Jeremiah's role was to convey God's words to the people, often calling them back to faithfulness.

A conspiracy exists
The term "conspiracy" in Hebrew is "qesher," which implies a treacherous plot or alliance against rightful authority. This word suggests a deliberate and secretive rebellion against God’s covenant. Historically, Judah was often tempted to form political alliances with surrounding nations, which led them away from reliance on God. Spiritually, this conspiracy represents a deeper betrayal, as the people of Judah were turning their hearts away from God, despite His continuous warnings and calls for repentance.

among the men of Judah
"Men of Judah" refers specifically to the inhabitants of the southern kingdom, which included the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. Judah was the last remnant of the once-united Israelite kingdom, and its people were expected to uphold the covenant with God. The historical context here is crucial, as Judah was facing external threats from powerful empires like Babylon, and internal decay due to idolatry and injustice. This phrase highlights the collective responsibility of the community in maintaining faithfulness to God.

and the residents of Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the capital city, was the spiritual and political heart of Judah. It housed the Temple, the center of Jewish worship and the symbol of God's presence among His people. The mention of "residents of Jerusalem" indicates that the conspiracy was not limited to rural areas but had infiltrated the very heart of the nation. This highlights the pervasive nature of the rebellion and the seriousness of the situation. In a spiritual sense, it serves as a warning that even those who are closest to the symbols of faith can fall into corruption and disobedience.

They have returned
This phrase indicates a regression or a turning back to previous behaviors. In the Hebrew context, the word "returned" (שׁוּב, shuv) often implies a physical or spiritual turning. Here, it suggests a deliberate choice to revert to sinful practices, highlighting the cyclical nature of Israel's disobedience. Historically, this reflects the pattern seen throughout the Old Testament, where the Israelites repeatedly fall away from God's commands.

to the sins of their forefathers
The "sins of their forefathers" refers to the idolatry and disobedience that characterized previous generations. This phrase underscores the generational impact of sin and the tendency to repeat the mistakes of the past. Biblically, it serves as a reminder of the importance of learning from history to avoid repeating it. The forefathers' sins often involved idol worship and neglect of God's law, which were major issues throughout Israel's history.

who refused to obey My words
"Refused" (מָאֵן, ma'en) conveys a strong, willful rejection. This phrase highlights the deliberate choice to ignore God's commands. The historical context here is crucial, as the Israelites had been given the Law through Moses, which they were to follow. Their refusal is not due to ignorance but a conscious decision to reject divine authority, which is a recurring theme in the prophetic books.

and have followed other gods to serve them
This phrase points to idolatry, a central issue in Israel's history. "Followed" (הָלַךְ, halak) implies a lifestyle or habitual practice, while "serve" (עָבַד, avad) indicates worship and devotion. The historical context involves the influence of surrounding pagan cultures, which often led Israel astray. This serves as a warning against the allure of cultural assimilation and the abandonment of true worship.

The house of Israel and the house of Judah
This phrase distinguishes between the northern kingdom (Israel) and the southern kingdom (Judah), both of which are guilty of breaking the covenant. Historically, after Solomon's reign, the united kingdom of Israel split into these two entities, each with its own kings and often its own set of sins. This division is significant in understanding the political and spiritual landscape of the time.

have broken the covenant
"Broken" (פָּרַר, parar) suggests a violation or annulment of an agreement. The "covenant" refers to the solemn agreement between God and Israel, established at Sinai. This covenant was conditional, requiring Israel's obedience in exchange for God's blessings. The breaking of this covenant is a serious offense, as it represents a breach of trust and relationship with God.

I made with their fathers
This phrase emphasizes the continuity and historical depth of God's relationship with Israel. "Made" (כָּרַת, karat) literally means "to cut," referring to the ancient practice of cutting animals in covenant ceremonies. The "fathers" are the patriarchs and leaders like Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses, with whom God established His promises. This highlights the enduring nature of God's commitment despite human unfaithfulness.

Therefore this is what the LORD says
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred name of God, which underscores His eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction serves as a reminder that the message is not from Jeremiah himself but from God, who is the ultimate judge and ruler. In the context of the covenant, it highlights God's role as the covenant-keeper who is responding to the people's disobedience.

I will bring upon them a disaster
The word "disaster" in Hebrew is "רָעָה" (ra'ah), which can mean evil, calamity, or misfortune. This term is used to describe the consequences of the people's persistent idolatry and covenant-breaking. Historically, this refers to the impending Babylonian invasion, a real and devastating event that would serve as a divine judgment. Theologically, it reflects the principle of divine retribution, where God allows the natural consequences of sin to unfold as a means of correction and justice.

they cannot escape
The inevitability of the disaster is emphasized here. The Hebrew root "מָלַט" (malat) means to slip away or escape. This phrase underscores the totality and inescapability of God's judgment once it is decreed. It serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of sin and the futility of trying to avoid the consequences of turning away from God. In a broader spiritual sense, it calls believers to repentance and reliance on God's mercy before judgment comes.

They will cry out to Me
The act of crying out suggests desperation and a recognition of need. The Hebrew verb "זָעַק" (za'aq) implies a loud call for help, often used in contexts of distress. This phrase indicates that the people will eventually realize their helplessness and turn back to God, albeit too late. It serves as a warning to heed God's call while there is still time, emphasizing the importance of a genuine relationship with God rather than mere ritualistic observance.

but I will not listen to them
This is a stark declaration of divine silence in response to insincere repentance. The Hebrew word "שָׁמַע" (shama) means to hear or listen, but in this context, it implies responding favorably. God's refusal to listen is not due to a lack of compassion but rather a response to the people's persistent rebellion and insincerity. It highlights the importance of true repentance and the danger of hardening one's heart against God. This serves as a powerful reminder of the need for a sincere and obedient relationship with God, as opposed to superficial religiosity.

Then the cities of Judah
The phrase "the cities of Judah" refers to the various urban centers within the southern kingdom of Judah. Historically, Judah was the region that remained loyal to the Davidic line after the division of the united monarchy. The cities were often centers of political and religious activity. In this context, they represent the collective identity of the people who have turned away from God. The Hebrew root for "Judah" (יְהוּדָה, Yehudah) means "praise," which is ironic here as the people are not praising God but turning to false gods.

and the residents of Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the capital city, was the spiritual and political heart of Judah. It housed the Temple, the center of Jewish worship. The "residents of Jerusalem" signifies those who lived in close proximity to the Temple, yet their hearts were far from God. This highlights the tragic irony of their spiritual state. Despite their proximity to the sacred, they sought help from powerless idols.

will go and cry out
The act of going and crying out indicates desperation and urgency. The Hebrew verb used here suggests a loud, earnest plea. This reflects the depth of their distress and the futility of their actions. In times of crisis, they turn to what they have trusted in, revealing the misplaced faith in their idols.

to the gods to whom they burn incense
Burning incense was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern religious rituals, symbolizing prayer and devotion. The "gods" here are the false deities that the people of Judah had adopted from surrounding nations. This phrase underscores their idolatry, a direct violation of the first commandment. The Hebrew word for "gods" (אֱלֹהִים, elohim) can mean "mighty ones," but in this context, it is used sarcastically to denote their impotence.

but they will not save them at all
This phrase is a stark declaration of the futility of idolatry. The false gods, despite the people's devotion, are powerless to deliver them. The Hebrew root for "save" (יָשַׁע, yasha) is the same used for God's deliverance, emphasizing the contrast between the true God and these impotent idols. The phrase "at all" underscores the absolute inability of these gods to provide any help.

in their time of disaster
The "time of disaster" refers to the impending judgment and calamity that would come upon Judah due to their covenant unfaithfulness. Historically, this would culminate in the Babylonian exile. The Hebrew word for "disaster" (רָעָה, ra'ah) can also mean "evil" or "calamity," indicating both the moral and physical consequences of their actions. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God.

Your gods are indeed as numerous as your cities, O Judah
This phrase highlights the rampant idolatry that plagued Judah. The Hebrew word for "gods" here is "אֱלֹהִים" (elohim), which can refer to the true God or false gods depending on the context. In this case, it underscores the multitude of idols worshipped by the people. Historically, Judah was a land with many cities, each potentially having its own local deity or idol, reflecting a departure from the worship of Yahweh. This proliferation of gods indicates a deep spiritual crisis and a violation of the first commandment, which calls for exclusive worship of the one true God.

and the altars of shame you have set up—
The "altars of shame" refer to the places of idol worship, which are described as shameful because they represent a betrayal of the covenant relationship with Yahweh. The Hebrew word for "shame" is "בֹּשֶׁת" (boshet), often used to denote disgrace or dishonor. These altars were not just physical structures but symbols of spiritual adultery, as the people turned away from God to worship false deities. This phrase serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of idolatry, which brings shame and dishonor upon a nation.

the altars to burn incense to Baal—
Baal was a prominent Canaanite deity associated with fertility and weather, often worshipped through rituals that included burning incense. The Hebrew word "בַּעַל" (baal) means "lord" or "master," and worship of Baal was a persistent temptation for the Israelites, as it was deeply entrenched in the surrounding cultures. The act of burning incense was a form of worship meant to appease or gain favor from the deity. This practice was strictly forbidden in the Mosaic Law, which called for exclusive worship of Yahweh. The mention of Baal here highlights the syncretism and spiritual infidelity of Judah.

are as many as the streets of Jerusalem
This phrase emphasizes the extent of idolatry by comparing the number of altars to the numerous streets in Jerusalem. The city, which should have been a center of worship for Yahweh, was instead filled with altars to false gods. The streets of Jerusalem, meant to be pathways for the people of God, had become avenues for idol worship. This imagery serves as a stark contrast to the intended holiness of the city, illustrating how deeply ingrained and widespread the idolatry had become. It is a call to recognize the pervasive nature of sin and the need for repentance and return to true worship.

As for you
This phrase is directed specifically to Jeremiah, the prophet. In the Hebrew text, the pronoun is emphatic, indicating a personal directive from God to Jeremiah. It underscores the personal relationship and communication between God and His prophet, highlighting Jeremiah's unique role and responsibility in delivering God's message.

do not pray
The Hebrew word for "pray" here is "palal," which means to intercede or mediate. This is a significant command because it goes against the usual role of a prophet, who often intercedes for the people. The prohibition of prayer indicates the severity of the people's sin and God's decision to withhold mercy due to their persistent rebellion.

for these people
The phrase "these people" refers to the people of Judah, who have broken the covenant with God. It reflects a sense of distance and disapproval from God, as opposed to the more intimate "My people." This distancing language indicates the gravity of their apostasy and the broken relationship between God and Judah.

Do not raise a cry
The word "cry" in Hebrew is "za'aq," which often denotes a loud call for help or a plea for intervention. This prohibition emphasizes the futility of seeking divine intervention for a people who have consistently rejected God's commands. It highlights the seriousness of their situation and the impending judgment.

or a prayer
The Hebrew word for "prayer" here is "tefillah," which is a general term for supplication or petition to God. The repetition of the prohibition against prayer underscores the finality of God's decision. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of persistent disobedience and the limits of divine patience.

on their behalf
This phrase indicates that Jeremiah is not to act as an intercessor for the people. It underscores the collective responsibility of the nation for their sins and the communal nature of their impending judgment. It also highlights the role of the prophet as a mediator who is now being instructed to step back.

for I will not be listening
The Hebrew verb "shama" means to hear or listen, but it also implies responding or acting upon what is heard. God's refusal to listen signifies a withdrawal of His protective and responsive presence. It is a stark declaration of divine judgment and the seriousness of the people's covenant breach.

when they call to Me
The phrase "call to Me" suggests a desperate plea for help. The Hebrew word "qara" implies a cry for attention or assistance. This highlights the irony and tragedy of the situation: the people will seek God in their distress, but their previous rejection of Him has led to a point where He will not respond.

in their time of disaster
The word "disaster" in Hebrew is "ra'ah," which can mean evil, calamity, or misfortune. This indicates the severe consequences of the people's actions and the inevitable judgment that is to come. It serves as a warning of the seriousness of turning away from God and the reality of divine justice.

What is My beloved doing in My house
The phrase "My beloved" is a poignant reminder of the intimate relationship God desires with His people, Israel. The Hebrew word used here is "yadid," which conveys a sense of deep affection and cherished relationship. Historically, Israel is often depicted as God's chosen and beloved nation, akin to a bride. The "house" refers to the temple, the sacred place where God dwells among His people. This rhetorical question underscores the incongruity of Israel's presence in the temple while engaging in idolatry and disobedience. It challenges the reader to reflect on the sincerity of their worship and relationship with God.

as she works out her evil schemes
The phrase "evil schemes" translates from the Hebrew "mezimmah," which implies deliberate and calculated plans of wrongdoing. This highlights the premeditated nature of Israel's sin, not merely accidental or impulsive acts. Historically, this refers to the idolatrous practices and alliances with pagan nations that Israel pursued, contrary to God's commandments. The phrase serves as a warning against the dangers of allowing one's heart to devise plans that are contrary to God's will, emphasizing the need for purity and integrity in one's spiritual walk.

Can consecrated meat avert your punishment?
"Consecrated meat" refers to the sacrificial offerings made in the temple, which were meant to atone for sin and restore fellowship with God. The Hebrew word "qodesh" signifies something set apart for a sacred purpose. However, the rhetorical question implies that ritual sacrifices are ineffective in the absence of genuine repentance and obedience. This echoes the prophetic theme found throughout the Old Testament, where God desires mercy and obedience over mere ritual (1 Samuel 15:22, Hosea 6:6). It serves as a reminder that external religious practices cannot substitute for a heart aligned with God's will.

When you engage in your wickedness, then you rejoice
The word "wickedness" is translated from the Hebrew "ra'ah," which encompasses evil, harm, and moral corruption. The phrase suggests a disturbing delight in sinful behavior, indicating a hardened heart that finds joy in actions contrary to God's commands. Historically, this reflects the period of spiritual decline in Judah, where the people not only sinned but took pleasure in their rebellion. This serves as a sobering reminder of the deceitfulness of sin and the importance of maintaining a heart sensitive to God's conviction, urging believers to find their joy in righteousness and obedience to God.

The LORD once called you
The phrase "The LORD once called you" indicates a past action by God, highlighting His initial intention and relationship with Israel. The Hebrew root for "called" is קָרָא (qara), which means to call out, proclaim, or name. This signifies a personal and purposeful designation by God, reflecting His covenant relationship with Israel. Historically, God chose Israel as His people, setting them apart for His purposes, much like a parent naming a child, indicating identity and belonging.

a flourishing olive tree
The imagery of "a flourishing olive tree" is rich with symbolism. In ancient Israel, the olive tree was a symbol of beauty, prosperity, and blessing. The Hebrew word for "flourishing" is רַעֲנָן (ra'anan), meaning luxuriant or green. This suggests vitality and health. The olive tree, deeply rooted and enduring, represents Israel's intended role as a nation blessed by God, meant to be fruitful and a source of light and peace to the world.

beautiful with well-formed fruit
The description "beautiful with well-formed fruit" emphasizes the potential and intended productivity of Israel. The Hebrew word for "beautiful" is יָפֶה (yafeh), which conveys aesthetic beauty and goodness. "Well-formed fruit" suggests not only physical beauty but also spiritual and moral integrity. This phrase underscores God's original design for Israel to produce good works and righteousness, reflecting His glory to the nations.

But with a mighty roar
The transition "But with a mighty roar" introduces a dramatic shift. The "mighty roar" (Hebrew: קוֹל גָּדוֹל, qol gadol) signifies God's powerful and authoritative intervention. This imagery evokes the sound of a lion or a storm, symbolizing judgment and the seriousness of Israel's disobedience. It serves as a warning of the consequences of turning away from God's covenant, emphasizing His sovereignty and justice.

He will set it on fire
The phrase "He will set it on fire" indicates divine judgment. Fire, in biblical terms, often represents purification, destruction, or the presence of God. Here, it signifies the consuming judgment due to Israel's unfaithfulness. The Hebrew root בָּעַר (ba'ar) means to burn or consume, illustrating the severity of the consequences for breaking the covenant. This serves as a sobering reminder of the holiness of God and the seriousness of sin.

and its branches will be consumed
Finally, "and its branches will be consumed" completes the picture of judgment. The branches, representing the people of Israel, will face the consequences of their actions. The Hebrew word for "consumed" is כָּלָה (kalah), meaning to end, finish, or perish. This highlights the totality of the judgment and the loss of the blessings once promised. It serves as a call to repentance and a return to faithfulness, reminding believers of the importance of abiding in God's covenant to avoid spiritual decay and destruction.

The LORD of Hosts
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty and supreme authority of God over all heavenly and earthly armies. The Hebrew term "Yahweh Sabaoth" conveys God's omnipotence and His role as a divine warrior who commands the forces of heaven. Historically, this title reassured Israel of God's power and protection, especially during times of national crisis. It reminds believers today of God's ultimate control over all circumstances and His ability to defend and deliver His people.

who planted you
The imagery of planting suggests intentionality and care, as a gardener plants a seed with the expectation of growth and fruitfulness. In the context of Israel, God is the one who established the nation, nurturing it to flourish in the Promised Land. This metaphor also reflects God's covenant relationship with His people, highlighting His role as the source of life and sustenance. For Christians, it serves as a reminder of God's providential care and His desire for His people to bear spiritual fruit.

has pronounced disaster against you
The Hebrew word for "disaster" (רָעָה, ra'ah) can also mean "evil" or "calamity," indicating a severe judgment. This pronouncement is a direct consequence of Israel's disobedience and idolatry, as outlined in the preceding verses. Historically, this reflects the covenantal curses found in Deuteronomy 28, where God warned of the repercussions of turning away from Him. It serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of sin and the reality of divine justice.

because of the evil
The term "evil" here refers to the moral and spiritual corruption that had permeated the nation. This includes idolatry, injustice, and the breaking of God's commandments. The historical context reveals a period of rampant apostasy in Judah, where the people had forsaken the worship of Yahweh for foreign gods. This phrase underscores the biblical principle that sin has consequences and that God's holiness demands accountability.

of the house of Israel and the house of Judah
This distinction between Israel and Judah reflects the divided kingdom after Solomon's reign. Despite their separation, both houses shared a common heritage and covenant with God. The mention of both houses indicates that the entire nation, not just a part, was guilty of turning away from God. This serves as a reminder of the unity of God's people and the collective responsibility to uphold His commandments.

have done to provoke Me to anger
The phrase "provoke Me to anger" suggests a deliberate and persistent rebellion against God. The Hebrew root (כעס, ka'as) implies actions that incite divine wrath. Historically, this reflects the repeated cycle of sin, warning, and judgment seen throughout Israel's history. It highlights the personal nature of sin as an affront to God's holiness and the relational breach it causes. For believers, it serves as a call to repentance and a return to faithful obedience.

by burning incense to Baal
Burning incense to Baal represents the idolatrous practices that had infiltrated Israelite worship. Baal was a Canaanite deity associated with fertility and weather, and his worship often involved rituals contrary to God's commands. Archaeological findings have confirmed the widespread influence of Baal worship in ancient Near Eastern cultures. This phrase underscores the danger of syncretism and the importance of exclusive devotion to the one true God. It challenges Christians to examine their own lives for any form of idolatry that may compromise their relationship with God.

And the LORD informed me
The phrase begins with "And the LORD," emphasizing the divine source of Jeremiah's knowledge. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, highlighting His personal relationship with His people. "Informed" comes from the Hebrew root "yada," meaning to know or to reveal. This indicates that the knowledge Jeremiah received was not from human insight but a divine revelation. In the context of a prophet's life, this underscores the intimate communication between God and His chosen messenger, affirming the authenticity and authority of Jeremiah's prophetic ministry.

so I knew
The phrase "so I knew" reflects the result of the divine revelation. The Hebrew word "yada" is again used here, emphasizing the certainty and clarity of the knowledge imparted to Jeremiah. This knowledge was not speculative or uncertain; it was a direct and clear understanding given by God. In the broader biblical context, this highlights the role of prophets as recipients of divine truth, tasked with conveying God's messages to His people. It also serves as a reminder of the importance of seeking divine wisdom and understanding in our own lives.

Then You showed me
The transition "Then" indicates a sequence of events, suggesting that after being informed, Jeremiah was given further insight. "You showed me" implies a visual or experiential revelation, where God not only tells but also demonstrates or illustrates the truth to Jeremiah. The Hebrew root "ra'ah" for "showed" suggests seeing or perceiving, indicating that Jeremiah's understanding was deepened through this divine demonstration. This reflects the multifaceted ways God communicates with His prophets, ensuring they fully grasp the message they are to deliver.

their deeds
The phrase "their deeds" refers to the actions or behaviors of the people, specifically those who were plotting against Jeremiah. The Hebrew word "ma'aseh" denotes works or actions, often with a moral or ethical connotation. In the context of Jeremiah's ministry, this revelation of "their deeds" exposes the wickedness and rebellion of the people against God's messenger. Historically, this highlights the persistent opposition faced by prophets, who often stood alone against widespread corruption and idolatry. It serves as a sobering reminder of the cost of faithfulness to God's calling and the reality of spiritual warfare.

For I was like a gentle lamb
The imagery of a "gentle lamb" is deeply rooted in the sacrificial system of ancient Israel, where lambs were often used as offerings. The Hebrew word for "lamb" (כֶּבֶשׂ, keves) evokes innocence and purity. Jeremiah, in his prophetic role, embodies this innocence, unaware of the impending danger. This phrase also foreshadows the ultimate sacrificial Lamb, Jesus Christ, who is described in the New Testament as the Lamb of God. The gentle nature of the lamb underscores the prophet's vulnerability and the betrayal he faces, drawing a parallel to Christ's own sacrificial journey.

led to the slaughter
The phrase "led to the slaughter" conveys a sense of impending doom and helplessness. In the Hebrew context, being led to slaughter implies a lack of resistance, highlighting Jeremiah's submission to God's will despite the plots against him. This mirrors the prophetic tradition where God's messengers often faced persecution. Historically, prophets were frequently opposed by those in power, and this phrase captures the essence of their suffering for truth.

I did not know
Jeremiah's admission of ignorance, "I did not know," reflects the human condition of limited understanding. The Hebrew root ידע (yada) means to know or perceive. This phrase emphasizes the prophet's trust in God despite not fully comprehending the extent of the conspiracy against him. It serves as a reminder of the faith required to walk in obedience, trusting in God's ultimate plan even when the path is unclear.

that they had devised plots against me
The "devised plots" against Jeremiah highlight the malicious intent of his adversaries. The Hebrew word חָשַׁב (chashav) means to think, plan, or devise, indicating a calculated effort to harm the prophet. This reflects the broader biblical theme of the righteous facing opposition from the wicked. Throughout scripture, God's servants often encounter schemes from those who reject divine truth, yet God's sovereignty prevails.

saying 'Let us destroy the tree with its fruit'
The metaphor of destroying "the tree with its fruit" symbolizes the desire to obliterate not just Jeremiah but also his prophetic influence and legacy. In biblical symbolism, trees often represent life and prosperity. The Hebrew word עֵץ (etz) for tree can also signify strength and endurance. The adversaries' intent to destroy both the tree and its fruit underscores their aim to erase Jeremiah's impact completely, akin to cutting off a source of life and nourishment.

let us cut him off from the land of the living
To "cut him off from the land of the living" is a phrase that signifies death and removal from the community. The Hebrew verb כָּרַת (karat) means to cut or sever, indicating a violent end. This expression is used throughout scripture to denote divine judgment or the consequences of sin. In Jeremiah's case, it reflects the severity of the threat he faces, yet it also points to the hope of resurrection and eternal life found in Christ, who was also "cut off" for the sake of humanity.

that his name may be remembered no more
The desire for Jeremiah's name to be "remembered no more" reveals the depth of animosity towards him. In Hebrew culture, a name represents one's identity and legacy. The erasure of a name signifies total obliteration from history and memory. This echoes the biblical theme of the righteous being vindicated by God, as ultimately, it is God who preserves the legacy of His faithful servants. Despite human attempts to erase them, God's truth endures through the ages.

But You, O LORD of Hosts
The phrase "LORD of Hosts" is a translation of the Hebrew "Yahweh Sabaoth," which signifies God as the commander of the heavenly armies. This title emphasizes God's supreme authority and power over all creation, both seen and unseen. In the context of Jeremiah, it reassures the prophet and the people of Judah that despite their circumstances, God is in control and has the power to execute His will. Historically, this title would have been a source of comfort and strength, reminding the Israelites of God's past deliverance and His ability to protect and fight for them.

who judges righteously
The Hebrew root for "judges" is "shaphat," which means to govern, vindicate, or punish. The term "righteously" comes from "tsedeq," indicating justice, fairness, and moral rightness. This phrase underscores God's perfect justice, contrasting human judgment, which is often flawed and biased. In a world where injustice prevails, this assurance of divine justice is a cornerstone of faith, affirming that God will ultimately set all things right according to His perfect standards.

who tests the heart and mind
The Hebrew words for "heart" and "mind" are "leb" and "kilyah," respectively. "Leb" refers to the inner man, the seat of emotions and will, while "kilyah" literally means kidneys, metaphorically representing the innermost thoughts and intentions. This phrase highlights God's omniscience, His ability to see beyond outward appearances and understand the true motives and desires of individuals. It serves as a reminder that nothing is hidden from God, and He evaluates people based on their true character and intentions.

let me see Your vengeance upon them
The word "vengeance" is derived from the Hebrew "naqam," which means retribution or recompense. In the context of Jeremiah, this plea is not for personal revenge but for divine justice against those who oppose God's will and harm His people. It reflects a deep trust in God's justice and a desire for His righteous judgment to prevail. This request aligns with the biblical principle that vengeance belongs to the Lord (Romans 12:19), emphasizing that believers should rely on God to address wrongs rather than taking matters into their own hands.

for to You I have committed my cause
The Hebrew root for "committed" is "galal," meaning to roll or entrust. This phrase signifies a complete surrender and trust in God, entrusting one's situation and future into His hands. Jeremiah's commitment of his cause to God reflects a profound faith and reliance on God's wisdom and justice. It serves as an example for believers to follow, encouraging them to place their trust in God amidst trials and to seek His guidance and intervention in their lives. This act of commitment is a demonstration of faith, acknowledging God's sovereignty and His ultimate control over all circumstances.

Therefore this is what the LORD says
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, underscoring the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction signals that the message is not Jeremiah's own but a direct communication from God, highlighting the seriousness and divine origin of the warning.

concerning the men of Anathoth
Anathoth was a town in the territory of Benjamin, known as the hometown of Jeremiah. The mention of "the men of Anathoth" is significant because it indicates that the prophet faced opposition from his own community. This reflects a broader biblical theme where prophets are often without honor in their own country (cf. Matthew 13:57). Historically, Anathoth was a Levitical city, which adds irony to the situation, as those who should have been spiritually supportive were instead adversarial.

who are seeking your life
This phrase reveals the severity of the threat against Jeremiah. The Hebrew root for "seeking" (בקש, baqash) implies an active pursuit, indicating that the opposition was not passive but involved a deliberate intent to harm. This reflects the intense resistance faced by prophets who spoke God's truth, often at great personal risk.

and saying, 'You must not prophesy in the name of the LORD'
The demand to cease prophesying "in the name of the LORD" highlights the rejection of God's message by the people of Anathoth. The phrase "in the name of the LORD" signifies speaking with divine authority. This opposition is not merely against Jeremiah but against God Himself, as the prophet is His mouthpiece. Historically, this reflects a common pattern where God's messengers are silenced by those who reject divine correction.

or you will die by our hand
This threat of death underscores the extreme hostility towards Jeremiah. The phrase "by our hand" indicates a personal and communal responsibility for the intended violence. In the broader biblical context, this reflects the cost of discipleship and the reality that those who stand for God's truth may face persecution, even to the point of death. This echoes Jesus' teaching that His followers would face similar opposition (cf. John 15:18-20).

So this is what the LORD of Hosts says
The phrase "LORD of Hosts" is a translation of the Hebrew "Yahweh Sabaoth," which emphasizes God's supreme command over the armies of heaven and earth. This title underscores His authority and power to execute judgment. Historically, this title reassures the faithful of God's omnipotence and His ability to protect and deliver His people, while also serving as a warning to those who oppose Him.

I will punish them
The Hebrew root for "punish" is "paqad," which can mean to visit, attend to, or reckon. In this context, it implies a divine reckoning or judgment. This phrase reflects God's justice and His response to the covenant unfaithfulness of the people. It serves as a reminder that God is not indifferent to sin and that there are consequences for disobedience.

Their young men will die by the sword
The imagery of "the sword" is a common biblical metaphor for war and divine judgment. In ancient times, the sword was a primary instrument of warfare, symbolizing the violence and destruction that would come upon the people. This phrase highlights the severity of the punishment and the loss of the next generation, which would have been a devastating blow to the community's future.

their sons and daughters by famine
Famine, often a result of siege or natural disaster, is used here to depict the comprehensive nature of the coming judgment. The mention of "sons and daughters" emphasizes the widespread impact of the punishment, affecting all members of society. In the biblical narrative, famine is frequently a consequence of covenant unfaithfulness, serving as a call to repentance and a return to reliance on God.

Not even a remnant
The phrase "not even a remnant" underscores the totality of the judgment that God is pronouncing. In the Hebrew context, the word for "remnant" often refers to a small surviving group that God preserves for His purposes. Here, however, the absence of a remnant signifies complete destruction and the severity of divine judgment. This highlights the seriousness of the people's rebellion against God and serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from His covenant.

will be left to them
The phrase "will be left to them" indicates the finality and completeness of the judgment. In the historical context, the people of Anathoth, a town associated with the priestly line and the hometown of Jeremiah, are being warned that their actions have led to a point of no return. This serves as a warning to all believers about the dangers of persistent disobedience and the importance of repentance.

because I will bring disaster
The word "disaster" in Hebrew can also be translated as "calamity" or "evil," and it is often used in the context of divine retribution. This phrase emphasizes that the disaster is not a random occurrence but a direct act of God in response to the people's sins. It reflects the biblical principle that God is just and will not allow sin to go unpunished, reinforcing the need for a righteous and holy life.

on the men of Anathoth
Anathoth was a Levitical city, and its inhabitants were expected to be leaders in spiritual matters. The mention of "the men of Anathoth" specifically points to those who should have been upholding God's law but instead were complicit in the rebellion. This serves as a cautionary tale for those in positions of spiritual leadership, reminding them of their responsibility to lead with integrity and faithfulness.

in the year of their punishment
The phrase "in the year of their punishment" suggests a specific, appointed time for judgment. This reflects the biblical theme that God’s timing is perfect and that He has set times for both judgment and redemption. It serves as a reminder that while God is patient, His justice will ultimately prevail. For believers, this is a call to live in readiness and to trust in God's sovereign timing.