Hosea 7:4
New International Version
They are all adulterers, burning like an oven whose fire the baker need not stir from the kneading of the dough till it rises.

New Living Translation
They are all adulterers, always aflame with lust. They are like an oven that is kept hot while the baker is kneading the dough.

English Standard Version
They are all adulterers; they are like a heated oven whose baker ceases to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

Berean Standard Bible
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by a baker who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough.

King James Bible
They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.

New King James Version
“They are all adulterers. Like an oven heated by a baker— He ceases stirring the fire after kneading the dough, Until it is leavened.

New American Standard Bible
They are all adulterers, Like an oven heated by the baker, Who stops stoking the fire From the time the dough is kneaded until it is leavened.

NASB 1995
They are all adulterers, Like an oven heated by the baker Who ceases to stir up the fire From the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

NASB 1977
They are all adulterers Like an oven heated by the baker, Who ceases to stir up the fire From the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

Legacy Standard Bible
They are all adulterers, Like an oven heated by the baker Who ceases to stir up the fire From the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

Amplified Bible
They are all adulterers; Like the heat of an oven When the baker ceases to stir the fire, [their passion smolders] From the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

Christian Standard Bible
All of them commit adultery; they are like an oven heated by a baker who stops stirring the fire from the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
All of them commit adultery; they are like an oven heated by a baker who stops stirring the fire from the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

American Standard Version
They are all adulterers; they are as an oven heated by the baker; he ceaseth to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough, until it be leavened.

Contemporary English Version
Everyone burns with desire--they are like coals in an oven, ready to burst into flames.

English Revised Version
They are all adulterers; they are as an oven heated by the baker; he ceaseth to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough until it be leavened.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
They all commit adultery. They are like a heated oven, an oven so hot that a baker doesn't have to fan its flames when he makes bread.

Good News Translation
They are all treacherous and disloyal. Their hatred smolders like the fire in an oven, which is not stirred by the baker until the dough is ready to bake.

International Standard Version
All of them are adulterers— they burn like an oven prepared by the baker, who has ceased stoking it until the dough is leavened.

Majority Standard Bible
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by a baker who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough.

NET Bible
They are all like bakers, they are like a smoldering oven; they are like a baker who does not stoke the fire until the kneaded dough is ready for baking.

New Heart English Bible
They are all adulterers. They are burning like an oven that the baker stops stirring, from the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.

Webster's Bible Translation
They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it is leavened.

World English Bible
They are all adulterers. They are burning like an oven that the baker stops stirring, from the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
All of them [are] adulterers, "" Like a burning oven of a baker, "" He ceases from stirring up after kneading the dough, until its leavening.

Young's Literal Translation
All of them are adulterers, Like a burning oven of a baker, He ceaseth from stirring up after kneading the dough, till its leavening.

Smith's Literal Translation
All of them committing adultery, as an oven set on fire from baking; he will cease from raising from kneading the dough till its leavening.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by the baker: the city rested a little from the mingling of the leaven, till the whole was leavened.

Catholic Public Domain Version
They are all adulterers; like an oven heating up before baking, the city rested a little before the leaven was mixed in, until the whole was leavened.

New American Bible
They are all adulterers, like a blazing oven, Which the baker quits stoking, after the dough’s kneading until its rising.

New Revised Standard Version
They are all adulterers; they are like a heated oven, whose baker does not need to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Their rulers are all adulterers, their passion is as an oven heated to bake bread, the baker who kneads the dough ceases from going to the city, and waits until it is leavened.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
All their Rulers are adulterers as an oven burning for baking; one desists from the city; he kneads and kneads until it is leavened
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
They are all adulterers, As an oven heated by the baker, Who ceaseth to stir From the kneading of the dough until it be leavened.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
They are all adulterers, as an oven glowing with flame for hot-baking, on account of the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Ephraim's Iniquity
3They delight the king with their evil, and the princes with their lies. 4They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by a baker who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough. 5The princes are inflamed with wine on the day of our king; so he joins hands with those who mock him.…

Cross References
Jeremiah 9:2
If only I had a traveler’s lodge in the wilderness, I would abandon my people and depart from them, for they are all adulterers, a crowd of faithless people.

Isaiah 1:4
Alas, O sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a brood of evildoers, children who act corruptly! They have forsaken the LORD; they have despised the Holy One of Israel and turned their backs on Him.

Ezekiel 22:18-22
“Son of man, the house of Israel has become dross to Me. All of them are copper, tin, iron, and lead inside the furnace; they are but the dross of silver. / Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because all of you have become dross, behold, I will gather you into Jerusalem. / Just as one gathers silver, copper, iron, lead, and tin into the furnace to melt with a fiery blast, so I will gather you in My anger and wrath, leave you there, and melt you. ...

Psalm 78:8
Then they will not be like their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation, whose heart was not loyal, whose spirit was not faithful to God.

Jeremiah 5:7-9
“Why should I forgive you? Your children have forsaken Me and sworn by gods that are not gods. I satisfied their needs, yet they committed adultery and assembled at the houses of prostitutes. / They are well-fed, lusty stallions, each neighing after his neighbor’s wife. / Should I not punish them for these things?” declares the LORD. “Should I not avenge Myself on such a nation as this?

Isaiah 57:3-5
“But come here, you sons of a sorceress, you offspring of adulterers and prostitutes! / Whom are you mocking? At whom do you sneer and stick out your tongue? Are you not children of transgression, offspring of deceit, / who burn with lust among the oaks, under every luxuriant tree, who slaughter your children in the valleys, under the clefts of the rocks?

Ezekiel 16:30-34
How weak-willed is your heart, declares the Lord GOD, while you do all these things, the acts of a shameless prostitute! / But when you built your mounds at the head of every street and made your lofty shrines in every public square, you were not even like a prostitute, because you scorned payment. / You adulterous wife! You receive strangers instead of your own husband! ...

Jeremiah 6:28-30
All are hardened rebels, walking around as slanderers. They are bronze and iron; all of them are corrupt. / The bellows blow fiercely, blasting away the lead with fire. The refining proceeds in vain, for the wicked are not purged. / They are called rejected silver, because the LORD has rejected them.”

Isaiah 48:8
You have never heard; you have never understood; for a long time your ears have not been open. For I knew how deceitful you are; you have been called a rebel from birth.

Malachi 3:2-3
But who can endure the day of His coming? And who can stand when He appears? For He will be like a refiner’s fire, like a launderer’s soap. / And He will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; He will purify the sons of Levi and refine them like gold and silver. Then they will present offerings to the LORD in righteousness.

Matthew 16:4
A wicked and adulterous generation demands a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of Jonah.” Then He left them and went away.

Romans 1:21-24
For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him as God nor gave thanks to Him, but they became futile in their thinking and darkened in their foolish hearts. / Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools, / and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. ...

2 Timothy 3:4-5
traitorous, reckless, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, / having a form of godliness but denying its power. Turn away from such as these!

Matthew 12:39
Jesus replied, “A wicked and adulterous generation demands a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.

1 Corinthians 5:6-8
Your boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven works through the whole batch of dough? / Get rid of the old leaven, that you may be a new unleavened batch, as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. / Therefore let us keep the feast, not with the old bread, leavened with malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and of truth.


Treasury of Scripture

They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceases from raising after he has kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.

are all.

Hosea 4:2,12
By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood…

Jeremiah 5:7,8
How shall I pardon thee for this? thy children have forsaken me, and sworn by them that are no gods: when I had fed them to the full, they then committed adultery, and assembled themselves by troops in the harlots' houses…

Jeremiah 9:2
Oh that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men; that I might leave my people, and go from them! for they be all adulterers, an assembly of treacherous men.

as.

Hosea 7:6,7
For they have made ready their heart like an oven, whiles they lie in wait: their baker sleepeth all the night; in the morning it burneth as a flaming fire…

who ceaseth, etc.

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Adulterers Baker Bread-Maker Burning Ceases Ceaseth Dough Fire Heated Kneaded Kneading Leavened Mixed Need Oven Paste Practise Raising Rises Stir Stirring Stops Time
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Adulterers Baker Bread-Maker Burning Ceases Ceaseth Dough Fire Heated Kneaded Kneading Leavened Mixed Need Oven Paste Practise Raising Rises Stir Stirring Stops Time
Hosea 7
1. A reproof of manifold sins.
11. God's wrath against them for their hypocrisy.














They are all adulterers
In this phrase, the prophet Hosea uses the metaphor of adultery to describe the spiritual unfaithfulness of the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "adulterers" is "נֹאֲפִים" (no'aphim), which not only refers to physical infidelity but also to the breach of covenant with God. Historically, Israel was in a covenant relationship with Yahweh, akin to a marriage. Their pursuit of other gods and alliances with foreign nations is seen as spiritual adultery. This imagery is powerful, emphasizing the gravity of their betrayal and the intimate nature of their relationship with God.

like an oven heated by a baker
Here, the imagery shifts to that of an oven, symbolizing the intense and consuming nature of their passions and sins. The Hebrew word for "oven" is "תַּנּוּר" (tannur), which was a common household item used for baking. The comparison to an oven heated by a baker suggests a deliberate and controlled kindling of sinful desires, indicating that their actions are not accidental but intentional. This metaphor highlights the fervor and intensity with which the Israelites pursued their sinful ways, much like a baker carefully stokes a fire to reach the desired heat.

who stops stirring the fire
This phrase suggests a moment of neglect or inattention. In the context of a baker, stopping the stirring of the fire could lead to the oven becoming too hot or cooling down, affecting the baking process. Spiritually, this indicates a lack of vigilance and discipline among the Israelites. The Hebrew root "עָרַר" (arar) implies a ceasing or pausing, which in this context, can be seen as a metaphor for the Israelites' failure to maintain their spiritual fervor and commitment to God. It reflects a period of complacency that allows sin to grow unchecked.

from the kneading of the dough until it is leavened
This part of the verse completes the metaphor of baking, with the process of kneading and leavening representing the progression of sin. The Hebrew word for "kneading" is "לָשׁ" (lash), and "leavened" is "חָמֵץ" (chametz). In biblical times, leaven often symbolized sin due to its pervasive and spreading nature. The imagery here suggests that from the very beginning of their actions (kneading) to the full development of their sinful state (leavening), the Israelites have allowed sin to permeate their lives. This progression underscores the idea that sin, if not checked, will grow and spread, ultimately leading to spiritual decay.

(4) Render, ceaseth heating from the kneading of the dough till its leavening. The baker is unremitting in his exertions to keep up the heat of the oven, the smouldering fire being fed on camel's dung and the like fuel, except when he is obliged to occupy himself with preparing the dough for baking--an apt image of the incessant burning rage of lust and violence.

Verse 4. - The difficulty of the section including vers. 4-7 has occasioned considerable difference of exposition; it may not, therefore, be amiss to supplement the foregoing observations.

1. Aben Ezra accounts for בערה being accented as milel

(1) on the ground that, though a feminine formation, it is really masculine (to agree with תניו), like נחלה and לילה, both of which, though feminine in form, are notwithstanding of the masculine gender. Abarbanel, who is followed by Wunsche,

(2) takes בֹּעָרְה as a participle feminine for בֹּעָרהָ or בֹּעֶרָח, which is justified by the circumstance that the names of fire and of what is connected therewith are feminine in the Semitic, so that חנור is feminine. . . .

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
They are all
כֻּלָּם֙ (kul·lām)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

adulterers,
מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים (mə·nā·’ă·p̄îm)
Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 5003: To commit adultery, to apostatize

like
כְּמ֣וֹ (kə·mōw)
Preposition
Strong's 3644: Like, as, when

an oven
תַנּ֔וּר (ṯan·nūr)
Noun - common singular
Strong's 8574: (portable) stove, firepot

heated
בֹּעֵ֖רָה (bō·‘ê·rāh)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular
Strong's 1197: To kindle, consume, to be, brutish

by a baker
מֵֽאֹפֶ֑ה (mê·’ō·p̄eh)
Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 644: To cook, to bake

who needs not
יִשְׁבּ֣וֹת (yiš·bō·wṯ)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7673: To repose, desist from exertion

stoke the fire
מֵעִ֔יר (mê·‘îr)
Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 5782: To rouse oneself, awake

from the kneading
מִלּ֥וּשׁ (mil·lūš)
Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 3888: To knead

to
עַד־ (‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

the rising
חֻמְצָתֽוֹ׃ (ḥum·ṣā·ṯōw)
Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 2556: To be pungent, in taste, in color

of the dough.
בָּצֵ֖ק (bā·ṣêq)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1217: Dough (for cooking)


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OT Prophets: Hosea 7:4 They are all adulterers (Ho Hs Hos.)
Hosea 7:3
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