Exodus 12:39
New International Version
With the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves.

New Living Translation
For bread they baked flat cakes from the dough without yeast they had brought from Egypt. It was made without yeast because the people were driven out of Egypt in such a hurry that they had no time to prepare the bread or other food.

English Standard Version
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they had brought out of Egypt, for it was not leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.

Berean Standard Bible
Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

King James Bible
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

New King James Version
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they had brought out of Egypt; for it was not leavened, because they were driven out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared provisions for themselves.

New American Standard Bible
And they baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into cakes of unleavened bread. For it had no yeast, since they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.

NASB 1995
They baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into cakes of unleavened bread. For it had not become leavened, since they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.

NASB 1977
And they baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into cakes of unleavened bread. For it had not become leavened, since they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.

Legacy Standard Bible
And they baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into cakes of unleavened bread. For it had not become leavened, since they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.

Amplified Bible
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought from Egypt; it was not leavened, since they were driven [quickly] from Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any food for themselves.

Christian Standard Bible
The people baked the dough they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves, since it had no yeast; for when they were driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared provisions for themselves.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The people baked the dough they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves, since it had no yeast; for when they had been driven out of Egypt they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

American Standard Version
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt; for it was not leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victuals.

Contemporary English Version
They left Egypt in such a hurry that they did not have time to prepare any food except the bread dough made without yeast. So they baked it and made thin bread.

English Revised Version
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
With the dough they had brought from Egypt, they baked round, flat bread. The dough hadn't risen because they'd been thrown out of Egypt and had no time to prepare food for the trip.

Good News Translation
They baked unleavened bread from the dough that they had brought out of Egypt, for they had been driven out of Egypt so suddenly that they did not have time to get their food ready or to prepare leavened dough.

International Standard Version
They baked the dough that they brought out of Egypt into thin cakes of unleavened bread. It had not been leavened because they were driven out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared provisions for themselves.

Majority Standard Bible
Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

NET Bible
They baked cakes of bread without yeast using the dough they had brought from Egypt, for it was made without yeast--because they were thrust out of Egypt and were not able to delay, they could not prepare food for themselves either.

New Heart English Bible
They baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt; for it wasn't leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt, and couldn't wait, neither had they prepared for themselves any food.

Webster's Bible Translation
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought from Egypt, for it was not leavened: because they were driven from Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victuals.

World English Bible
They baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought out of Egypt; for it wasn’t leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt, and couldn’t wait, and they had not prepared any food for themselves.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And they bake unleavened cakes with the dough which they have brought out from Egypt, for it has not fermented; for they have been cast out of Egypt, and have not been able to delay, and also they have not made provision for themselves.

Young's Literal Translation
And they bake with the dough which they have brought out from Egypt unleavened cakes, for it hath not fermented; for they have been cast out of Egypt, and have not been able to delay, and also provision they have not made for themselves.

Smith's Literal Translation
And they will cook the dough which they brought out of Egypt unleavened cakes, for it was not leavened; for they were driven out of Egypt, for they could not linger, and also they made not for themselves food.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And they baked the meal, which a little before they had brought out of Egypt, in dough: and they made earth cakes unleavened: for it could not be leavened, the Egyptians pressing them to depart, and not suffering them to make any stay: neither did they think of preparing any meat.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And they baked the bread, which a little while ago they had taken out of Egypt as dough. And they made unleavened bread baked under ashes. For it was not able to be leavened, with the Egyptians compelling them to leave and not permitting them to cause any delay. Neither did they have occasion to prepare any meat.

New American Bible
The dough they had brought out of Egypt they baked into unleavened loaves. It was not leavened, because they had been driven out of Egypt and could not wait. They did not even prepare food for the journey.

New Revised Standard Version
They baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they had brought out of Egypt; it was not leavened, because they were driven out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And they baked on a griddle unleavened bread of the dough which they had brought forth out of the land of Egypt, for it was not leavened: because the Egyptians drove them out. and they could not make it into flat loaves, neither had they prepared for themselves any provisions for the journey.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And they baked the dough that the Egyptians had brought them, flat unleavened cake, because it had not fermented, because the Egyptians brought them out and they could not be rolled upland also they had made no provisions for them.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And they baked the dough which they brought out of Egypt, unleavened cakes, for it had not been leavened; for the Egyptians cast them out, and they could not remain, neither did they prepare provision for themselves for the journey.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Exodus Begins
38And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. 39Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves. 40Now the duration of the Israelites’ stay in Egypt was 430 years.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 16:3
You must not eat leavened bread with it; for seven days you are to eat with it unleavened bread, the bread of affliction, because you left the land of Egypt in haste—so that you may remember for the rest of your life the day you left the land of Egypt.

Numbers 33:3-5
On the fifteenth day of the first month, on the day after the Passover, the Israelites set out from Rameses. They marched out defiantly in full view of all the Egyptians, / who were burying all their firstborn, whom the LORD had struck down among them; for the LORD had executed judgment against their gods. / The Israelites set out from Rameses and camped at Succoth.

1 Corinthians 5:7-8
Get rid of the old leaven, that you may be a new unleavened batch, as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. / Therefore let us keep the feast, not with the old bread, leavened with malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and of truth.

Deuteronomy 16:8
For six days you must eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day you shall hold a solemn assembly to the LORD your God, and you must not do any work.

Leviticus 23:6
On the fifteenth day of the same month begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread.

Matthew 16:6-12
“Watch out!” Jesus told them. “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” / They discussed this among themselves and concluded, “It is because we did not bring any bread.” / Aware of their conversation, Jesus said, “You of little faith, why are you debating among yourselves about having no bread? ...

Mark 8:14-21
Now the disciples had forgotten to take bread, except for one loaf they had with them in the boat. / “Watch out!” He cautioned them. “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of Herod.” / So they began to discuss with one another the fact that they had no bread. ...

Luke 12:1
In the meantime, a crowd of many thousands had gathered, so that they were trampling one another. Jesus began to speak first to His disciples: “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.

1 Corinthians 10:1-4
I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud, and that they all passed through the sea. / They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea. / They all ate the same spiritual food ...

John 6:31-35
Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, as it is written: ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’” / Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I tell you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but it is My Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. / For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” ...

Joshua 5:10-12
On the evening of the fourteenth day of the month, while the Israelites were camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho, they kept the Passover. / The day after the Passover, on that very day, they ate unleavened bread and roasted grain from the produce of the land. / And the day after they had eaten from the produce of the land, the manna ceased. There was no more manna for the Israelites, so that year they began to eat the crops of the land of Canaan.

Nehemiah 9:15
In their hunger You gave them bread from heaven; in their thirst You brought them water from the rock. You told them to go in and possess the land that You had sworn to give them.

Psalm 78:24-25
He rained down manna for them to eat; He gave them grain from heaven. / Man ate the bread of angels; He sent them food in abundance.

Psalm 105:37-39
He brought Israel out with silver and gold, and none among His tribes stumbled. / Egypt was glad when they departed, for the dread of Israel had fallen on them. / He spread a cloud as a covering and a fire to light up the night.

Ezekiel 12:3-7
Therefore, son of man, pack your bags for exile. In broad daylight, set out from your place and go to another as they watch. Perhaps they will understand, though they are a rebellious house. / Bring out your baggage for exile by day, as they watch. Then in the evening, as they watch, go out like those who go into exile. / As they watch, dig through the wall and carry your belongings out through it. ...


Treasury of Scripture

And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

thrust

Exodus 12:33
And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.

Exodus 6:1
Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land.

Exodus 11:1
And the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether.

Jump to Previous
Able Baked Cakes Cast Couldn't Delay Dough Driven Egypt Fermented Food Forth Leavened Paste Prepared Provisions Quickly Ready Tarry Themselves Thrust Time Unleavened Victual Victuals Wait Wasn't Yeast
Jump to Next
Able Baked Cakes Cast Couldn't Delay Dough Driven Egypt Fermented Food Forth Leavened Paste Prepared Provisions Quickly Ready Tarry Themselves Thrust Time Unleavened Victual Victuals Wait Wasn't Yeast
Exodus 12
1. The beginning of the year is changed
3. The Passover is instituted
11. The import of the rite of the Passover
15. Unleavened bread
29. The firstborn are slain
31. The Israelites are driven out of the land
37. They come to Succoth
41. The time of their sojourning
43. The ordinance of the Passover














And they baked unleavened cakes
The phrase "unleavened cakes" refers to bread made without yeast. In Hebrew, the word for unleavened is "matzot," which signifies bread that is hastily prepared. This is a direct reflection of the Israelites' urgent departure from Egypt, as they did not have time to let their dough rise. The unleavened bread becomes a symbol of purity and separation from sin, as leaven often represents sin in the Bible. The act of baking these cakes is a testament to the Israelites' obedience to God's command and their readiness to follow His lead without delay.

of the dough
The "dough" here is the mixture of flour and water that the Israelites had prepared before their departure. In a broader sense, this dough represents the sustenance and provision of God. It is a reminder that even in times of haste and uncertainty, God provides for His people. The dough, though simple, is a symbol of God's faithfulness and the sustenance He offers to those who trust in Him.

which they had brought out of Egypt
This phrase emphasizes the transition from slavery to freedom. The dough brought out of Egypt signifies the last remnants of their life in bondage. It is a tangible connection to their past, yet it is transformed into something new and sustaining as they journey towards the Promised Land. This transformation is a powerful reminder of God's redemptive work, taking what was once associated with oppression and turning it into a means of sustenance and hope.

for it was not leavened
The absence of leaven is significant, as it underscores the haste of their departure. The Israelites did not have the luxury of time to allow the dough to rise, which is a direct result of God's swift deliverance. This detail highlights the immediacy of God's intervention and the necessity of readiness in following His commands. It also serves as a metaphor for the purity and newness of life that God offers, free from the corruption of sin.

because they were driven out of Egypt
The phrase "driven out" indicates the forceful nature of their exodus. Pharaoh's insistence that the Israelites leave quickly is a fulfillment of God's promise to deliver His people. This urgency is a testament to God's power and the fulfillment of His word. It also reflects the spiritual journey of leaving behind a life of sin and bondage, moving towards the freedom found in obedience to God.

and could not delay
The inability to delay highlights the importance of immediate obedience to God's commands. The Israelites' prompt departure is a model of faith and trust in God's timing. It serves as a reminder that when God calls, His people must be ready to respond without hesitation. This readiness is a crucial aspect of the Christian walk, emphasizing the need for vigilance and preparedness in following God's will.

for they had not prepared any provisions for themselves
This final phrase underscores the reliance on God's provision. The Israelites left Egypt without the usual preparations for a journey, trusting that God would provide for their needs. This act of faith is a powerful example of dependence on God, who is faithful to sustain His people. It challenges believers to trust in God's provision, even when circumstances seem uncertain or daunting.

(39) Unleavened cakes.--Such are commonly eaten by the Arabs, who make them by mixing flour with water, and attaching round pieces of the dough to the insides of their ovens after they have heated them.

Verse 39. Unleavened cakes. Some of the modern Arabs make such cakes by simply mixing flour with water, and attaching flat circular pieces of the dough thus formed to the sides of their ovens after they have heated them. (Niebuhr, Description de l'Arabie,?. 45, and pl. 1, F.) Others put a lump of dough into the ashes of a wood fire, and cover it over with the embers for a short time (Layard, Nineveh and Babylon, p. 288). All Arab bread is unleavened. They were thrust out of Egypt. Compare ver. 33.

CHAPTER 12:40-42

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Since
כִּ֣י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

their dough
הַבָּצֵ֜ק (hab·bā·ṣêq)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1217: Dough (for cooking)

had no
לֹ֣א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

yeast,
חָמֵ֑ץ (ḥā·mêṣ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2556: To be pungent, in taste, in color

the people baked
וַיֹּאפ֨וּ (way·yō·p̄ū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 644: To cook, to bake

what they had brought
הוֹצִ֧יאוּ (hō·w·ṣî·’ū)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3318: To go, bring, out, direct and proxim

out of Egypt
מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם (mim·miṣ·ra·yim)
Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4714: Egypt -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their country in Northwest Africa

into unleavened
מַצּ֖וֹת (maṣ·ṣō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 4682: Sweetness, sweet, an unfermented cake, loaf, the festival of Passover

loaves.
עֻגֹ֥ת (‘u·ḡōṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 5692: A disc or cake of bread

For
כִּֽי־ (kî-)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

when they had been driven out
גֹרְשׁ֣וּ (ḡō·rə·šū)
Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 1644: To drive out from a, possession, to expatriate, divorce

of Egypt,
מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם (mim·miṣ·ra·yim)
Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4714: Egypt -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their country in Northwest Africa

they could
יָֽכְלוּ֙ (yā·ḵə·lū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3201: To be able, have power

not
וְלֹ֤א (wə·lō)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

delay
לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ (lə·hiṯ·mah·mê·ah)
Preposition-l | Verb - Hitpael - Infinitive construct
Strong's 4102: To question, hesitate, to be reluctant

and
וְגַם־ (wə·ḡam-)
Conjunctive waw | Conjunction
Strong's 1571: Assemblage, also, even, yea, though, both, and

had not
לֹא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

prepared
עָשׂ֥וּ (‘ā·śū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 6213: To do, make

any provisions
צֵדָ֖ה (ṣê·ḏāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6720: Provision, food

for themselves.
לָהֶֽם׃ (lā·hem)
Preposition | third person masculine plural
Strong's 0: 0


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OT Law: Exodus 12:39 They baked unleavened cakes of the dough (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 12:38
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