Ezekiel 23:23
New International Version
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, handsome young men, all of them governors and commanders, chariot officers and men of high rank, all mounted on horses.

New Living Translation
For the Babylonians will come with all the Chaldeans from Pekod and Shoa and Koa. And all the Assyrians will come with them—handsome young captains, commanders, chariot officers, and other high-ranking officers, all riding their horses.

English Standard Version
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, desirable young men, governors and commanders all of them, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

Berean Standard Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them—all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses.

King James Bible
The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.

New King James Version
The Babylonians, All the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, Koa, All the Assyrians with them, All of them desirable young men, Governors and rulers, Captains and men of renown, All of them riding on horses.

New American Standard Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; handsome young men, governors and officials all of them, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

NASB 1995
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; desirable young men, governors and officials all of them, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

NASB 1977
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; desirable young men, governors and officials all of them, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

Legacy Standard Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; desirable choice men, governors and officials, all of them, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

Amplified Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, desirable young men, governors and officials all of them, princes, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

Christian Standard Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans; Pekod, Shoa, and Koa; and all the Assyrians with them—desirable young men, all of them governors and prefects, officers and administrators, all of them riding on steeds.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans; Pekod, Shoa, and Koa; and all the Assyrians with them—desirable young men, all of them governors and prefects, officers and administrators, all of them riding on horses.

American Standard Version
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; desirable young men, governors and rulers all of them, princes and men of renown, all of them riding upon horses.

Contemporary English Version
I will gather all the handsome young officials and the high-ranking cavalry officers from Babylonia and Assyria, as well as from the Chaldean tribes of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa.

English Revised Version
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: desirable young men, governors and rulers all of them, princes and men of renown, all of them riding upon horses.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I will bring men from Babylon and from all Babylonia, men from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, as well as all the Assyrians. They are desirable young men, governors and commanders, military officers and important men. All of them ride on horses.

Good News Translation
I will bring all the Babylonians and Chaldeans, men from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians. I will gather all those handsome young noblemen and officers, all those important officials and high-ranking cavalry officers.

International Standard Version
the Babylonians, all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, Koa, and all of the Assyrians with them. They're all desirable young men, governors, commanders, chariot officers, and famous men, all of them mounted on horses.

Majority Standard Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them—all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses.

NET Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, desirable young men, all of them governors and officials, officers and nobles, all of them riding on horses.

New Heart English Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; desirable young men, all of them governors and officials, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

Webster's Bible Translation
The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.

World English Bible
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; all of them desirable young men, governors and rulers, princes and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Sons of Babylon, and of all Chaldea, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, "" All the sons of Asshur with them, "" Desirable young men, governors and prefects, "" All of them—rulers and proclaimed ones, "" All of them riding on horses.

Young's Literal Translation
Sons of Babylon, and of all Chaldea, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, All the sons of Asshur with them, Desirable young men, governors and prefects, All of them -- rulers and proclaimed ones, Riding on horses, all of them.

Smith's Literal Translation
The sons of Babel and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, all the sons of Amur with them: young men of desire, prefects and governors, all of them third men, and celebrated, riding horses all of them.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The children of Babylon, and all the Chaldeans, the nobles, and the kings, and princes, all the sons of the Assyrians, beautiful young men, all the captains, and rulers, the princes of princes, and the renowned horsemen.

Catholic Public Domain Version
the sons of Babylon, and all the Chaldeans, the nobles, the sovereigns and princes, all the sons of the Assyrians, youths of exceptional form, all the rulers and magistrates, the leaders among leaders, and the renowned riders of horses.

New American Bible
the men of Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa and Koa, along with all the Assyrians, handsome young soldiers, all of them governors and officers, charioteers and warriors, all of them horsemen.

New Revised Standard Version
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, handsome young men, governors and commanders all of them, officers and warriors, all of them riding on horses.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And the Babylonians and the Chaldeans shall surround you, Pod Lod, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; all of them desirable young men, lords and captains, all renowned men, all of them riding on horses.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the sons of Babel and all the Chaldeans shall surround you, and Phut and Lud and Qua and all the sons of Assyria with them, desirable young men, Lords and Rulers, all men of Qedar, riders of horses
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, handsome young men, governors and rulers all of them, captains and councillors, all of them riding upon horses.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
the children of Babylon, and all the Chaldeans, Phacuc, and Sue, and Hychue, and all the sons of the Assyrians with them; choice young men, governors and captains, all princes and renowned, riding on horses.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Oholibah to Be Plagued
22Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I will incite your lovers against you, those from whom you turned away in disgust. And I will bring them against you from every side— 23the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them— all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses. 24They will come against you with a host of peoples, with weapons, chariots, and wagons. They will array themselves against you on every side with buckler and shield and helmet. I will delegate judgment to them, and they will punish you according to their own standards.…

Cross References
2 Kings 24:2
And the LORD sent Chaldean, Aramean, Moabite, and Ammonite raiders against Jehoiakim in order to destroy Judah, according to the word that the LORD had spoken through His servants the prophets.

Jeremiah 25:9
behold, I will summon all the families of the north, declares the LORD, and I will send for My servant Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, whom I will bring against this land, against its residents, and against all the surrounding nations. So I will devote them to destruction and make them an object of horror and contempt, an everlasting desolation.

Jeremiah 50:21
Go up against the land of Merathaim, and against the residents of Pekod. Kill them and devote them to destruction. Do all that I have commanded you,” declares the LORD.

Isaiah 13:17
Behold, I will stir up against them the Medes, who have no regard for silver and no desire for gold.

Jeremiah 51:27-28
“Raise a banner in the land! Blow the ram’s horn among the nations! Prepare the nations against her. Summon the kingdoms against her—Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a captain against her; bring up horses like swarming locusts. / Prepare the nations for battle against her—the kings of the Medes, their governors and all their officials, and all the lands they rule.

2 Kings 20:14-18
Then the prophet Isaiah went to King Hezekiah and asked, “Where did those men come from, and what did they say to you?” “They came from a distant land,” Hezekiah replied, “from Babylon.” / “What have they seen in your palace?” Isaiah asked. “They have seen everything in my palace,” answered Hezekiah. “There is nothing among my treasures that I did not show them.” / Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the LORD: ...

Isaiah 39:6-7
The time will surely come when everything in your palace and all that your fathers have stored up until this day will be carried off to Babylon. Nothing will be left, says the LORD. / And some of your descendants, your own flesh and blood, will be taken away to be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.”

Jeremiah 4:6-7
Raise a signal flag toward Zion. Seek refuge! Do not delay! For I am bringing disaster from the north, and terrible destruction. / A lion has gone up from his thicket, and a destroyer of nations has set out. He has left his lair to lay waste your land. Your cities will be reduced to ruins and lie uninhabited.

Jeremiah 6:22-23
This is what the LORD says: “Behold, an army is coming from the land of the north; a great nation is stirred up from the ends of the earth. / They grasp the bow and spear; they are cruel and merciless. Their voice roars like the sea, and they ride upon horses, lined up like men in formation against you, O Daughter of Zion.”

Jeremiah 50:41-42
Behold, an army is coming from the north; a great nation and many kings are stirred up from the ends of the earth. / They grasp the bow and spear; they are cruel and merciless. Their voice roars like the sea, and they ride upon horses, lined up like men in formation against you, O Daughter of Babylon.

Daniel 5:28
PERES means that your kingdom has been divided and given over to the Medes and Persians.”

Habakkuk 1:6
For behold, I am raising up the Chaldeans—that ruthless and impetuous nation which marches through the breadth of the earth to seize dwellings not their own.

Revelation 17:5
And on her forehead a mysterious name was written: BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF PROSTITUTES AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.

Revelation 18:2-3
And he cried out in a mighty voice: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a lair for demons and a haunt for every unclean spirit, every unclean bird, and every detestable beast. / All the nations have drunk the wine of the passion of her immorality. The kings of the earth were immoral with her, and the merchants of the earth have grown wealthy from the extravagance of her luxury.”

Revelation 18:9-10
Then the kings of the earth who committed sexual immorality and lived in luxury with her will weep and wail at the sight of the smoke rising from the fire that consumes her. / In fear of her torment, they will stand at a distance and cry out: “Woe, woe to the great city, the mighty city of Babylon! For in a single hour your judgment has come.”


Treasury of Scripture

The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding on horses.

Babylonians

Ezekiel 21:19
Also, thou son of man, appoint thee two ways, that the sword of the king of Babylon may come: both twain shall come forth out of one land: and choose thou a place, choose it at the head of the way to the city.

2 Kings 20:14-17
Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king Hezekiah, and said unto him, What said these men? and from whence came they unto thee? And Hezekiah said, They are come from a far country, even from Babylon…

2 Kings 25:1-3
And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it; and they built forts against it round about…

the Chaldeans

2 Kings 24:2
And the LORD sent against him bands of the Chaldees, and bands of the Syrians, and bands of the Moabites, and bands of the children of Ammon, and sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by his servants the prophets.

Job 1:17
While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The Chaldeans made out three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have carried them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.

Isaiah 23:13
Behold the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not, till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought it to ruin.

Pekod

Jeremiah 50:21
Go up against the land of Merathaim, even against it, and against the inhabitants of Pekod: waste and utterly destroy after them, saith the LORD, and do according to all that I have commanded thee.

the Assyrians

Genesis 2:14
And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

Genesis 25:18
And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, that is before Egypt, as thou goest toward Assyria: and he died in the presence of all his brethren.

Ezra 6:22
And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy: for the LORD had made them joyful, and turned the heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to strengthen their hands in the work of the house of God, the God of Israel.

desirable

Ezekiel 23:6,12
Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses…

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Assyrians Babylonians Captains Chaldeans Desirable Governors Great Handsome Horses Lords Officers Officials Pekod Princes Renown Renowned Riding Rulers Shoa Young
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Assyrians Babylonians Captains Chaldeans Desirable Governors Great Handsome Horses Lords Officers Officials Pekod Princes Renown Renowned Riding Rulers Shoa Young
Ezekiel 23
1. The unfaithfulness of Aholah and Aholibah
23. Aholibah is to be plagued by her lovers
36. The prophet reproves the adulteries of them both
45. and shows their judgments














the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans
The Babylonians, also known as the Chaldeans, were a dominant empire in the ancient Near East. The Hebrew term for Babylonians is "Kasdim," which refers to the Chaldean people who rose to power in Babylon. Historically, the Babylonians are known for their conquest of Jerusalem and the subsequent Babylonian Exile of the Jewish people. This phrase highlights the formidable nature of the Babylonian empire, which was used by God as an instrument of judgment against Israel for their idolatry and unfaithfulness.

the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa
These names refer to regions or tribes associated with the Babylonian empire. "Pekod" is believed to be a district in Babylonia, while "Shoa" and "Koa" are less clearly identified but are thought to be regions or peoples allied with Babylon. The mention of these groups underscores the comprehensive nature of the coalition against Israel, emphasizing that God's judgment would come from a vast and diverse array of forces.

and all the Assyrians with them
The Assyrians were a powerful empire preceding the Babylonians, known for their military prowess and harsh conquests. Although by the time of Ezekiel, Assyria had been overtaken by Babylon, the inclusion of Assyrians in this coalition signifies the enduring influence and fearsome reputation of Assyrian warriors. This phrase serves as a reminder of the historical context in which Israel had previously faced Assyrian aggression, now compounded by Babylonian might.

all desirable young men
This phrase highlights the strength and appeal of the invading forces. The Hebrew word "bachur" refers to young men in their prime, often associated with vigor and attractiveness. In a military context, it suggests that these were elite soldiers, chosen for their physical prowess and capability. The description of them as "desirable" underscores the formidable and intimidating nature of the army that would execute God's judgment.

governors and commanders
These terms refer to the leadership structure within the invading forces. "Governors" (Hebrew: "pechah") were provincial leaders or officials, while "commanders" (Hebrew: "sagan") were military leaders. This phrase indicates the organized and hierarchical nature of the invading army, emphasizing that the judgment against Israel would be executed with precision and authority.

officers and men of renown
The phrase "officers" (Hebrew: "shalish") refers to high-ranking military officials, while "men of renown" (Hebrew: "shem") indicates individuals of great reputation and fame. This highlights the elite status of the invading forces, suggesting that they were not only powerful but also respected and feared throughout the region. The inclusion of such distinguished figures in the coalition against Israel underscores the seriousness of the impending judgment.

mounted on horses
In ancient warfare, cavalry units were a symbol of military strength and speed. The image of soldiers "mounted on horses" conveys the swift and unstoppable nature of the approaching judgment. Horses were often associated with power and conquest, and their presence in this context serves to emphasize the overwhelming force that would be brought against Israel. This phrase serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of Israel's unfaithfulness and the certainty of God's righteous judgment.

(23) Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa.--These words were taken as proper names by our translators, and are still considered by some as indicating small Chaldaean tribes; but it is better, with the Vulg. and most modern commentators, to understand them as the names of officers, "rulers, lords, and nobles." Shoa is translated "crying" in Isaiah 22:5, "liberal" in Isaiah 32:5, and "rich" in Job 34:19; while Pekod is rendered "visitation" in the margin of Jeremiah 50:21.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
the Babylonians
בְּנֵ֧י (bə·nê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

and all
וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the Chaldeans,
כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים (kaś·dîm)
Noun - proper - masculine plural
Strong's 3778: Chaldeans -- a region of southern Babylon and its inhab

[the men of] Pekod,
פְּק֤וֹד (pə·qō·wḏ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6489: Pekod -- a people in southeastern Babylon

Shoa,
וְשׁ֙וֹעַ֙ (wə·šō·w·a‘)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7772: Shoa -- probably nomads East of the Tigris and in the Syrian desert

and Koa,
וְק֔וֹעַ (wə·qō·w·a‘)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6970: Koa -- enemies of Jerusalem

and all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the Assyrians
בְּנֵ֥י (bə·nê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

with them—
אוֹתָ֑ם (’ō·w·ṯām)
Preposition | third person masculine plural
Strong's 854: Nearness, near, with, by, at, among

all desirable
חֶ֜מֶד (ḥe·meḏ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2531: Desire, delight

young men,
בַּח֨וּרֵי (ba·ḥū·rê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 970: Selected, a youth

governors
פַּח֤וֹת (pa·ḥō·wṯ)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 6346: A governor

and commanders,
וּסְגָנִים֙ (ū·sə·ḡā·nîm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5461: A prefect of a, province

officers
שָֽׁלִשִׁים֙ (šā·li·šîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 7991: A triple, a triangle, a three-fold measure, a general of the third rank

and administrators,
כֻּלָּֽם׃ (kul·lām)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

mounted on
רֹכְבֵ֥י (rō·ḵə·ḇê)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct
Strong's 7392: To ride, to place upon, to despatch

horses.
סוּסִ֖ים (sū·sîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5483: A swallow, swift (type of bird)


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 23:23 The Babylonians and all the Chaldeans Pekod (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 23:22
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