Ezekiel 27:14
New International Version
“’Men of Beth Togarmah exchanged chariot horses, cavalry horses and mules for your merchandise.

New Living Translation
“From Beth-togarmah came riding horses, chariot horses, and mules, all in exchange for your goods.

English Standard Version
From Beth-togarmah they exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares.

Berean Standard Bible
The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares.

King James Bible
They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

New King James Version
Those from the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses, steeds, and mules.

New American Standard Bible
Those from Beth-togarmah gave horses, war horses, and mules for your merchandise.

NASB 1995
“Those from Beth-togarmah gave horses and war horses and mules for your wares.

NASB 1977
“Those from Beth-togarmah gave horses and war horses and mules for your wares.

Legacy Standard Bible
Those from Beth-togarmah gave horses and war horses and mules for your wares.

Amplified Bible
Those from Beth-togarmah (Armenia) traded for your wares with [chariot] horses, war horses, and mules.

Christian Standard Bible
Those from Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your merchandise.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Those from Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your merchandise.

American Standard Version
They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and war-horses and mules.

Contemporary English Version
and those from Beth-Togarmah traded work horses, war horses, and mules.

English Revised Version
They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and war-horses and mules.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
People from Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your merchandise.

Good News Translation
You sold your goods for workhorses, war-horses, and mules from Beth Togarmah.

International Standard Version
Beth-togarmah traded horses, war horses, and mules in exchange for what you had to sell.

Majority Standard Bible
The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares.

NET Bible
Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, chargers, and mules for your products.

New Heart English Bible
They of the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses and war horses and mules.

Webster's Bible Translation
They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

World English Bible
“‘“They of the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses, war horses, and mules.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Those of the house of Togarmah, "" They have given horses, and riding steeds, and mules [for] your wares.

Young's Literal Translation
They of the house of Togarmah, For horses, and riding steeds, and mules, They have given out thy remnants.

Smith's Literal Translation
From the house of Togarmah, horses and horsemen and mules they gave thy markets.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
From the house of Thogorma they brought horses, and horsemen, and mules to thy market.

Catholic Public Domain Version
From the house of Togarmah, they brought horses, and horsemen, and mules to your market.

New American Bible
Horses, steeds, and mules from Beth-togarmah were exchanged for your wares.

New Revised Standard Version
Beth-togarmah exchanged for your wares horses, war horses, and mules.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
They of the house of Togarmah traded in your markets with horses and horsemen and mules.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
From the house of Tugarma they brought horses and horsemen and shemules to you for sale
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and horsemen and mules.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Out of the house of Thogarma horses and horsemen furnished the market.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Lament for Tyre
13Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your merchandise. 14The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares. 15The men of Dedan were your clients; many coastlands were your market; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony.…

Cross References
Isaiah 21:13-17
This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites. / Bring water for the thirsty, O dwellers of Tema; meet the refugees with food. / For they flee from the sword—the sword that is drawn—from the bow that is bent, and from the stress of battle. ...

Jeremiah 49:28-33
Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon defeated, this is what the LORD says: “Rise up, advance against Kedar, and destroy the people of the east! / They will take their tents and flocks, their tent curtains and all their goods. They will take their camels for themselves. They will shout to them: ‘Terror is on every side!’ / Run! Escape quickly! Lie low, O residents of Hazor,” declares the LORD, “for Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has drawn up a plan against you; he has devised a strategy against you. ...

Genesis 25:13-16
These are the names of the sons of Ishmael in the order of their birth: Nebaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, / Mishma, Dumah, Massa, / Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. ...

1 Chronicles 1:29-31
These are their genealogies: Nebaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, / Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, / Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These were the sons of Ishmael.

Job 6:19
The caravans of Tema look for water; the travelers of Sheba hope to find it.

Isaiah 60:6-7
Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD. / All the flocks of Kedar will be gathered to you; the rams of Nebaioth will serve you and go up on My altar with acceptance; I will adorn My glorious house.

Jeremiah 2:10
Cross over to the coasts of Cyprus and take a look; send to Kedar and consider carefully; see if there has ever been anything like this:

1 Kings 10:22
For the king had the ships of Tarshish at sea with Hiram’s fleet, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

2 Chronicles 9:21
For the king had the ships of Tarshish that went with Hiram’s servants, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

Isaiah 60:9
Surely the islands will wait for Me, with the ships of Tarshish in the lead, to bring your children from afar, with their silver and gold, to the honor of the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, for He has glorified you.

Revelation 18:11-13
And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, because there is no one left to buy their cargo— / cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble; / of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.

Revelation 18:17-19
For in a single hour such fabulous wealth has been destroyed!” Every shipmaster, passenger, and sailor, and all who make their living from the sea, will stand at a distance / and cry out at the sight of the smoke rising from the fire that consumes her. “What city was ever like this great city?” they will exclaim. / Then they will throw dust on their heads as they weep and mourn and cry out: “Woe, woe to the great city, where all who had ships on the sea were enriched by her wealth! For in a single hour she has been destroyed.”

Acts 2:9-11
Parthians, Medes, and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, / Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome, / both Jews and converts to Judaism; Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!”

Acts 8:27
So he started out, and on his way he met an Ethiopian eunuch, a court official in charge of the entire treasury of Candace, queen of the Ethiopians. He had gone to Jerusalem to worship,

Galatians 1:17
nor did I go up to Jerusalem to the apostles who came before me, but I went into Arabia and later returned to Damascus.


Treasury of Scripture

They of the house of Togarmah traded in your fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

Togarmah

Ezekiel 38:6
Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee.

Genesis 10:3
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

1 Chronicles 1:6
And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

Jump to Previous
Beasts Beth Beth-Togarmah Beth-Togar'mah Exchanged Fairs Furnished Goods Horsemen Horses House Markets Merchandise Mules Remnants Riding Steeds Togarmah Traded Transport War Wares War-Horses Work
Jump to Next
Beasts Beth Beth-Togarmah Beth-Togar'mah Exchanged Fairs Furnished Goods Horsemen Horses House Markets Merchandise Mules Remnants Riding Steeds Togarmah Traded Transport War Wares War-Horses Work
Ezekiel 27
1. The riches and commerce of Tyrus
26. The great and irrecoverable fall thereof














The men of Beth-togarmah
This phrase refers to a people or region known as Beth-togarmah, which is often associated with the descendants of Togarmah, a grandson of Noah through Japheth, as mentioned in Genesis 10:3. Historically, Beth-togarmah is believed to be located in what is now modern-day Turkey or Armenia. The mention of these men highlights the extensive trade networks of ancient times, where distant regions were interconnected through commerce. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Noah that his descendants would spread across the earth, engaging in various enterprises.

exchanged
The act of exchanging signifies a mutual agreement and a thriving trade relationship. In ancient times, barter was a common practice, and the exchange of goods was essential for survival and prosperity. This word underscores the interconnectedness of different cultures and economies, illustrating how God’s providence allowed for the flourishing of civilizations through trade.

horses, war horses, and mules
These animals were highly valued in ancient societies. Horses and war horses were crucial for military strength and mobility, symbolizing power and prestige. Mules, known for their endurance and strength, were essential for transportation and labor. The mention of these animals indicates the wealth and strategic importance of Beth-togarmah, as well as the high value placed on the goods they received in exchange. This reflects the biblical theme of stewardship, where resources are to be used wisely for the benefit of society.

for your wares
The term "wares" refers to the goods or merchandise that Tyre, the subject of Ezekiel 27, offered in trade. Tyre was a prominent Phoenician city known for its wealth and extensive trade networks. The exchange of valuable animals for wares indicates the high quality and desirability of Tyre's products. This highlights the prosperity that comes from diligent work and the blessings of God upon those who engage in honest and fruitful commerce.

(14) Togarmah.--A name for the Armenians, a race of Japhetic descent (Genesis 10:3). They dealt from most ancient times in horses and asses.

Verse 14. - Togarmah. The name appears in Ezekiel 38:6 as an ally of Gog, in Genesis 10:3 as a son of Gomer. Jerome identifies it with Phrygia, others with Cappadocia, but there is a wider consensus for Armenia, which was famous for its horses and mules (Xenophon, ' Anab.,' 5. 34; Strabo, 11:14. 9; Herod., 1:194).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The men of Beth-togarmah
מִבֵּ֖ית (mib·bêṯ)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1004: A house

exchanged
נָתְנ֖וּ (nā·ṯə·nū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

horses,
סוּסִ֤ים (sū·sîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5483: A swallow, swift (type of bird)

war horses,
וּפָֽרָשִׁים֙ (ū·p̄ā·rā·šîm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 6571: A steed, a driver, cavalry

and mules
וּפְרָדִ֔ים (ū·p̄ə·rā·ḏîm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 6505: A mule

for your wares.
עִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ (‘iz·ḇō·w·nā·yiḵ)
Noun - masculine plural construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 5801: Trade, the place, the payment


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 27:14 They of the house of Togarmah traded (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 27:13
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