Ezekiel 27:16
New International Version
“’Aram did business with you because of your many products; they exchanged turquoise, purple fabric, embroidered work, fine linen, coral and rubies for your merchandise.

New Living Translation
“Syria sent merchants to buy your rich variety of goods. They traded turquoise, purple dyes, embroidery, fine linen, and jewelry of coral and rubies.

English Standard Version
Syria did business with you because of your abundant goods; they exchanged for your wares emeralds, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and ruby.

Berean Standard Bible
Aram was your customer because of your many products; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your wares.

King James Bible
Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate.

New King James Version
Syria was your merchant because of the abundance of goods you made. They gave you for your wares emeralds, purple, embroidery, fine linen, corals, and rubies.

New American Standard Bible
Aram was your customer because of the abundance of your goods; they paid for your merchandise with emeralds, purple, colorfully woven cloth, fine linen, coral, and rubies.

NASB 1995
“Aram was your customer because of the abundance of your goods; they paid for your wares with emeralds, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral and rubies.

NASB 1977
“Aram was your customer because of the abundance of your goods; they paid for your wares with emeralds, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies.

Legacy Standard Bible
Aram was your customer because of the abundance of your goods; they paid for your wares with emeralds, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies.

Amplified Bible
Aram traded with you because of the abundance of the goods you made. They paid for your merchandise with emeralds, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies.

Christian Standard Bible
Aram was your trading partner because of your numerous products. They exchanged turquoise, purple and embroidered cloth, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your merchandise.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Aram was your trading partner because of your numerous products. They exchanged turquoise, purple and embroidered cloth, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your merchandise.

American Standard Version
Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of thy handiworks: they traded for thy wares with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and rubies.

Contemporary English Version
Edom traded emeralds, purple cloth, embroidery, fine linen, coral, and rubies.

English Revised Version
Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of thy handyworks: they traded for thy wares with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and rubies.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
" 'People from Syria traded with you because you had so many products. They exchanged emeralds, purple cloth, richly woven cloth, linen, coral, and rubies for your merchandise.

Good News Translation
The people of Syria bought your merchandise and your many products. They gave emeralds, purple cloth, embroidery, fine linen, coral, and rubies in payment for your wares.

International Standard Version
"Aram was one of your customers because you had so much merchandise. They paid by trading turquoise, purple yarn, embroidered goods, Egyptian linen, coral, and rubies.

Majority Standard Bible
Aram was your customer because of your many products; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your wares.

NET Bible
Edom was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your products.

New Heart English Bible
Aram was your merchant by reason of the multitude of your handiworks: they traded for your wares with emeralds, purple, and embroidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and rubies.

Webster's Bible Translation
Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate.

World English Bible
“‘“Syria was your merchant by reason of the multitude of your handiworks. They traded for your wares with emeralds, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Aram [is] your merchant, "" Because of the abundance of your works, "" They have given emerald, purple, and embroidery, "" And fine linen, and coral, and agate for your wares.

Young's Literal Translation
Aram is thy merchant, Because of the abundance of thy works, For emerald, purple, and embroidery, And fine linen, and coral, and agate, They have given out thy remnants.

Smith's Literal Translation
Aram thy merchant from the multitude of thy works: they gave in thy markets with the gem, reddish purple, and variegation, and byssus, and red corals, and ruby.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The Syrian was thy merchant: by reason of the multitude of thy works, they set forth precious stones, and purple, and broidered works, and fine linen, and silk, and chodchod in thy market.

Catholic Public Domain Version
The Syrian was your merchant. Because of the multitude of your works, they offered jewels, and purple, and patterned cloth, and fine linen, and silk, and other valuables in your market.

New American Bible
Edom traded with you for your many wares: garnets, purple dye, embroidered cloth, Fine linen, coral, and rubies they gave you as merchandise.

New Revised Standard Version
Edom did business with you because of your abundant goods; they exchanged for your wares turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Edom was your market place by reason of many of your products: your purple, fine linen, embroidered work, purple robes, bracelets, and agate.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Edum in the place of your merchandise and the multitude of your works, purple and fine white linen and embroidery, and dark blue and silk and ornaments they brought to you for sale
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Aram was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of thy wealth; they traded for thy wares with carbuncles, purple, and richly woven work, and fine linen, and coral, and rubies.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
even men as thy merchandise, from the multitude of thy trading population, myrrh and embroidered works from Tharsis: Ramoth also and Chorchor furnished thy market.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Lament for Tyre
15The men of Dedan were your clients; many coastlands were your market; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony. 16Aram was your customer because of your many products; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your wares. 17Judah and the land of Israel traded with you; they exchanged wheat from Minnith, cakes and honey, oil and balm for your merchandise.…

Cross References
Revelation 18:11-13
And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, because there is no one left to buy their cargo— / cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble; / of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.

Isaiah 23:8
Who planned this against Tyre, the bestower of crowns, whose traders are princes, whose merchants are renowned on the earth?

Isaiah 23:3
On the great waters came the grain of Shihor; the harvest of the Nile was the revenue of Tyre; she was the merchant of the nations.

Jeremiah 10:9
Hammered silver is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz—the work of a craftsman from the hands of a goldsmith. Their clothes are blue and purple, all fashioned by skilled workers.

1 Kings 10:22
For the king had the ships of Tarshish at sea with Hiram’s fleet, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

1 Kings 10:11
(The fleet of Hiram that brought gold from Ophir also brought from Ophir a great cargo of almug wood and precious stones.

2 Chronicles 9:21
For the king had the ships of Tarshish that went with Hiram’s servants, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

2 Chronicles 9:10
(The servants of Hiram and of Solomon who brought gold from Ophir also brought algum wood and precious stones.

Isaiah 60:6
Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD.

Isaiah 60:13
The glory of Lebanon will come to you—its cypress, elm, and boxwood together—to adorn the place of My sanctuary, and I will glorify the place of My feet.

Isaiah 60:9
Surely the islands will wait for Me, with the ships of Tarshish in the lead, to bring your children from afar, with their silver and gold, to the honor of the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, for He has glorified you.

Isaiah 2:16
against every ship of Tarshish, and against every stately vessel.

Isaiah 2:7
Their land is full of silver and gold, with no limit to their treasures; their land is full of horses, with no limit to their chariots.

Revelation 18:19
Then they will throw dust on their heads as they weep and mourn and cry out: “Woe, woe to the great city, where all who had ships on the sea were enriched by her wealth! For in a single hour she has been destroyed.”

Revelation 18:12
cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble;


Treasury of Scripture

Syria was your merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of your making: they occupied in your fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate.

Syria

Genesis 10:22
The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

Aram

Genesis 28:5
And Isaac sent away Jacob: and he went to Padanaram unto Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob's and Esau's mother.

Judges 10:6
And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD, and served Baalim, and Ashtaroth, and the gods of Syria, and the gods of Zidon, and the gods of Moab, and the gods of the children of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines, and forsook the LORD, and served not him.

2 Samuel 8:5
And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men.

Jump to Previous
Abundance Abundant Agate Aram Best Broidered Business Carbuncles Coral Corals Customer Dealt Edom Embroidered Emerald Exchanged Fairs Fine Goods Great Handiworks Linen Making Markets Merchandise Merchant Multitude Needlework Occupied Paid Products Purple Reason Richly Rubies Syria Traded Trafficked Turquoise Wares Wealth Work Works Woven
Jump to Next
Abundance Abundant Agate Aram Best Broidered Business Carbuncles Coral Corals Customer Dealt Edom Embroidered Emerald Exchanged Fairs Fine Goods Great Handiworks Linen Making Markets Merchandise Merchant Multitude Needlework Occupied Paid Products Purple Reason Richly Rubies Syria Traded Trafficked Turquoise Wares Wealth Work Works Woven
Ezekiel 27
1. The riches and commerce of Tyrus
26. The great and irrecoverable fall thereof














Aram was your customer
The term "Aram" refers to a region and people located in what is now modern-day Syria. Historically, Aram was known for its trade and commerce, often engaging with neighboring nations. The Hebrew root for Aram is "אֲרָם" (Aram), which signifies a highland or elevated region. This highlights the geographical and strategic importance of Aram in ancient trade routes. The phrase indicates the extensive reach of Tyre's trade network, as Aram was a significant trading partner, showcasing the prosperity and influence of Tyre.

because of your many products
This phrase underscores the vast array of goods that Tyre had to offer, which attracted various nations to trade with them. The Hebrew word for "products" is "מַעֲשֵׂיךָ" (ma'aseikha), meaning works or deeds, emphasizing the craftsmanship and industrious nature of Tyre's economy. Tyre was renowned for its skilled artisans and diverse merchandise, making it a hub of economic activity in the ancient world.

They exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your wares
This list of goods highlights the luxury and high value of the items traded with Tyre. Each item has its own significance:

Turquoise
Known for its vibrant blue-green color, turquoise was highly prized in the ancient world. The Hebrew word "תְּכֵלֶת" (techelet) often refers to a blue dye or fabric, symbolizing wealth and status.

Purple
The color purple was associated with royalty and nobility, derived from the costly dye made from the murex snail. The Hebrew "אַרְגָּמָן" (argaman) signifies this prestigious color, reflecting the opulence of Tyre's trade.

Embroidered work
This refers to intricately designed textiles, showcasing the artistry and skill of Tyre's craftsmen. The Hebrew "רִקְמָה" (rikmah) indicates detailed needlework, a luxury item in ancient commerce.

Fine linen
Linen was a valuable textile in the ancient Near East, known for its quality and durability. The Hebrew "שֵׁשׁ" (shesh) denotes this high-quality fabric, often used in garments for the elite.

Coral
Valued for its beauty and rarity, coral was used in jewelry and decoration. The Hebrew "כֹּרָל" (koral) reflects its desirability and the wealth it represented.

Rubies
Precious stones like rubies were symbols of wealth and power. The Hebrew "אָדָם" (adam) can refer to red stones, highlighting the luxurious nature of the trade goods.

(16) Emeralds.--The precious stone intended here, and in Exodus 28:18, is now generally understood to be the carbuncle. The word for "fine linen" is not that of Ezekiel 27:7, but a Ph?nician word, occurring only in the books written in the time of the captivity. It is thought to mean cotton, for the woven fabrics of which Babylon was famous. Agate (marg., chrysoprase) is probably the ruby, or certainly some stone of brilliancy (Isaiah 54:12)

Verse 16. - Syria; Hebrew, Aram. The LXX. which gives ἀνθρώπους, seems to have read Adam (equivalent to "man"), another instance of the fact just referred to. And this has led many commentators (Michaelis, Ewald, Hitzig, Furst) to conjecture, following the Peshito Version, that Edom must have been the true reading. As regards the products named, we know too little of the commerce of Edom to say whether it included them in its exports, and the fact that the broidered work of Babylon had been famous from of old (Joshua 7:21), and that it was also the oldest emporium for precious stones, may be urged in favor of the present reading, and of taking Aram in its widest sense as including Mesopotamia. On the other hand, the mention of onyx, sapphire, coral, pearls, topaz, in Job 28:16-19, the local coloring of which is essentially Idumaean, supports the conjectural emendation. Emeralds (comp. Exodus 28:18). Some writers identify it with the carbuncle. It meets us again in Ezekiel 28:13. The fine linen (butz) is different from that of Ver. 7 (shesh) and appears only in the later books of the Old Testament (1 Chronicles 4:21; 2 Chronicles 3:14; Esther 1:6, et al.). It was probably the byssus of the Greeks, made of cotton, while the Egyptian fabric was of flax. Coral. The Hebrew (ramoth) occurs only here and in Job 28:18. "Coral" is the traditional Jewish interpretation, but the LXX. transliterates, and the Vulgate gives secure. Agate is found here and in Isaiah 54:12, and has been identified with the ruby or carbuncle. In Exodus 28:19 and Exodus 39:12 the English represents a different Hebrew word.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Aram
אֲרָ֥ם (’ă·rām)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 758: Aram -- Syria

was your customer
סֹחַרְתֵּ֖ךְ (sō·ḥar·têḵ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 5503: To go around or about, travel about

because of the abundance
מֵרֹ֣ב (mê·rōḇ)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 7230: Multitude, abundance, greatness

of your goods;
מַעֲשָׂ֑יִךְ (ma·‘ă·śā·yiḵ)
Noun - masculine plural construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 4639: An action, a transaction, activity, a product, property

they exchanged
נָתְנ֖וּ (nā·ṯə·nū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

turquoise,
בְּ֠נֹפֶךְ (bə·nō·p̄eḵ)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5306: (a precious stone) perhaps emerald

purple,
אַרְגָּמָ֨ן (’ar·gā·mān)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 713: Purple, red-purple

embroidery,
וְרִקְמָ֤ה (wə·riq·māh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 7553: Variegation of color, embroidery

fine linen,
וּבוּץ֙ (ū·ḇūṣ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 948: Cotton

coral,
וְרָאמֹ֣ת (wə·rā·mōṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 7215: Something high in value, coral

and rubies
וְכַדְכֹּ֔ד (wə·ḵaḏ·kōḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3539: (a precious stone) perhaps ruby

for your wares.
בְּעִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ (bə·‘iz·ḇō·w·nā·yiḵ)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 5801: Trade, the place, the payment


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 27:16 Syria was your merchant by reason (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 27:15
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