Genesis 10:22
New International Version
The sons of Shem: Elam, Ashur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram.

New Living Translation
The descendants of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.

English Standard Version
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

Berean Standard Bible
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.

King James Bible
The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

New King James Version
The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.

New American Standard Bible
The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

NASB 1995
The sons of Shem were Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram.

NASB 1977
The sons of Shem were Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram.

Legacy Standard Bible
The sons of Shem were Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram.

Amplified Bible
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud and Aram;

Christian Standard Bible
Shem’s sons were Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Shem’s sons were Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

American Standard Version
The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.

English Revised Version
The sons of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Shem's descendants were Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

Good News Translation
Shem's sons--Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram--were the ancestors of the peoples who bear their names.

International Standard Version
Shem's sons included Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

Majority Standard Bible
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.

NET Bible
The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.

New Heart English Bible
The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.

Webster's Bible Translation
The children of Shem; Elam, and Ashur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

World English Bible
The sons of Shem were: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Sons of Shem [are] Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

Young's Literal Translation
Sons of Shem are Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

Smith's Literal Translation
The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaeshad, and Lud, and Aram.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The sons of Sem: Elam and Assur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

Catholic Public Domain Version
The sons of Shem were Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

New American Bible
The descendants of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud and Aram.

New Revised Standard Version
The descendants of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphakhashar, Lud and Aram.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
The children of Sheem: Ilam and Ashur, and Arphakshar, and Lud and Aram.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Sons of Sem, Elam, and Assur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram, and Cainan.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Semites
21And sons were also born to Shem, the older brother of Japheth; Shem was the forefather of all the sons of Eber. 22The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram. 23The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.…

Cross References
1 Chronicles 1:17
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram. The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Meshech.

Isaiah 11:11
On that day the Lord will extend His hand a second time to recover the remnant of His people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

Acts 2:9
Parthians, Medes, and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,

Isaiah 66:19
I will establish a sign among them, and I will send survivors from among them to the nations—to Tarshish, Put, and the archers of Lud; to Tubal, Javan, and the islands far away who have not heard of My fame or seen My glory. So they will proclaim My glory among the nations.

Ezekiel 27:10
Men of Persia, Lydia, and Put served as warriors in your army. They hung their shields and helmets on your walls; they gave you splendor.

Daniel 10:1
In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia, a message was revealed to Daniel, who was called Belteshazzar. The message was true, and it concerned a great conflict. And the understanding of the message was given to him in a vision.

Hebrews 11:9
By faith he dwelt in the promised land as a stranger in a foreign country. He lived in tents, as did Isaac and Jacob, who were heirs with him of the same promise.

Isaiah 21:2
A dire vision is declared to me: “The traitor still betrays, and the destroyer still destroys. Go up, O Elam! Lay siege, O Media! I will put an end to all her groaning.”

Jeremiah 49:34-39
This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning Elam at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah. / This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Behold, I will shatter Elam’s bow, the mainstay of their might. / I will bring the four winds against Elam from the four corners of the heavens, and I will scatter them to all these winds. There will not be a nation to which Elam’s exiles will not go. ...

Acts 7:2-4
And Stephen declared: “Brothers and fathers, listen to me! The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran, / and told him, ‘Leave your country and your kindred and go to the land I will show you.’ / So Abraham left the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Haran. After his father died, God brought him out of that place and into this land where you are now living.

Isaiah 13:17
Behold, I will stir up against them the Medes, who have no regard for silver and no desire for gold.

Jeremiah 25:25
all the kings of Zimri, Elam, and Media;

Ezekiel 32:24
Elam is there with all her multitudes around her grave. All of them are slain, fallen by the sword—those who went down uncircumcised to the earth below, who once spread their terror in the land of the living. They bear their disgrace with those who descend to the Pit.

Nehemiah 9:7
You are the LORD, the God who chose Abram, who brought him out of Ur of the Chaldeans and gave him the name Abraham.

Isaiah 45:1-4
This is what the LORD says to Cyrus His anointed, whose right hand I have grasped to subdue nations before him, to disarm kings, to open the doors before him, so that the gates will not be shut: / “I will go before you and level the mountains; I will break down the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron. / I will give you the treasures of darkness and the riches hidden in secret places, so that you may know that I am the LORD, the God of Israel, who calls you by name. ...


Treasury of Scripture

The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

children.

Genesis 9:26
And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.

1 Chronicles 1:17-27
The sons of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech…

Elam.

Genesis 14:1-9
And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations; …

2 Kings 15:19
And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand.

Job 1:17
While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The Chaldeans made out three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have carried them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.

Arphaxad.

Isaiah 66:19
And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles.

Aram.

Numbers 23:7
And he took up his parable, and said, Balak the king of Moab hath brought me from Aram, out of the mountains of the east, saying, Come, curse me Jacob, and come, defy Israel.

Jump to Previous
Aram Arpachshad Arpach'shad Arphaxad Ashur Asshur Children Elam Lud Shem
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Aram Arpachshad Arpach'shad Arphaxad Ashur Asshur Children Elam Lud Shem
Genesis 10
1. The generations of Noah.
2. Japheth.
6. Ham.
8. Nimrod becomes the first monarch; the descendants of Canaan.
21. The sons of Shem.














The sons of Shem
This phrase introduces the lineage of Shem, one of Noah's three sons. In the Hebrew context, "Shem" means "name" or "renown," signifying the importance of his lineage. Shem is traditionally considered the ancestor of the Semitic peoples, including the Israelites. This lineage is crucial as it sets the stage for the unfolding of God's covenantal promises, ultimately leading to the birth of Jesus Christ. The mention of "sons" emphasizes the continuation of God's plan through family lines, highlighting the importance of heritage and legacy in biblical history.

Elam
Elam is identified as one of the sons of Shem, and historically, Elam refers to an ancient civilization located in what is now southwestern Iran. The Elamites were known for their interactions with Mesopotamian cultures. In the biblical narrative, Elam represents one of the early post-flood civilizations, illustrating the spread of humanity and the diversity of nations that arose from Noah's descendants. The mention of Elam underscores the interconnectedness of ancient peoples and the unfolding of God's plan across different regions and cultures.

Asshur
Asshur is another son of Shem, and he is traditionally associated with the Assyrian people. The Assyrians became a dominant empire in the ancient Near East, known for their military prowess and significant influence on the history of Israel. The name "Asshur" is also linked to the city of Assur, the religious and political center of Assyria. This connection highlights the complex relationship between the Israelites and their neighboring nations, as well as the overarching theme of God's sovereignty over all nations.

Arphaxad
Arphaxad is a key figure in the genealogy of Shem, as he is an ancestor of Abraham, the patriarch of the Israelite nation. The name "Arphaxad" is somewhat enigmatic, but it is crucial in tracing the lineage that leads to the Hebrew people. This connection emphasizes the fulfillment of God's promises through specific family lines, demonstrating His faithfulness and the unfolding of His redemptive plan through history.

Lud
Lud is another descendant of Shem, and he is often associated with the Lydians, an ancient people located in western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). The mention of Lud reflects the geographical spread of Shem's descendants and the diversity of cultures that emerged from this lineage. It serves as a reminder of the vastness of God's creation and His involvement in the history of all peoples.

Aram
Aram is traditionally linked to the Arameans, a Semitic people who inhabited regions of modern-day Syria. The Arameans played a significant role in the history of Israel, often interacting with the Israelites through both conflict and cooperation. The mention of Aram highlights the interconnectedness of the biblical narrative, where the history of God's chosen people is intertwined with that of surrounding nations. It also points to the broader theme of God's sovereignty and His ability to work through various peoples and circumstances to accomplish His divine purposes.

Verse 22. - The children of Shem were twenty-six in number, of whom five were sons. Elam. Elymais, a region adjoining Snaiana and Media, stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Rod Sea; the people first met with as Persians. And Asshur. The ancestor of the Assyrians (vide ver. 11). And Arphaxad. A region in the north of Assyria; the Arrhapacitis of Ptolemy (Rosenmüller, Keil, Kalisch). The explanation of the name is "fortress of the Chaldaeans ' (Ewald); "highland of the Chaldaeans" (Knobel). And Lud. The Lydians of Asia Minor, to which they appear to have migrated from the land of Shem (Josephus, Bochart, Keil, Kalisch). And Aram. "The high land;" Mesopotamia being the Aram of the two rivers, and Syria the Aram of Damascua

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The sons
בְּנֵ֥י (bə·nê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Shem:
שֵׁ֖ם (šêm)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8035: Shem -- 'name', oldest son of Noah

Elam,
עֵילָ֣ם (‘ê·lām)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5867: Elam -- a son of Shem, also his descendants and their country

Asshur,
וְאַשּׁ֑וּר (wə·’aš·šūr)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 804: Ashshur

Arphaxad,
וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד (wə·’ar·paḵ·šaḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 775: Arpachshad -- third son of Shem, also the region settled by him

Lud,
וְל֥וּד (wə·lūḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3865: Lud -- a son of Shem, also his descendants and their land

and Aram.
וַֽאֲרָֽם׃ (wa·’ă·rām)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 758: Aram -- Syria


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OT Law: Genesis 10:22 The sons of Shem: Elam Asshur Arpachshad (Gen. Ge Gn)
Genesis 10:21
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