Ezekiel 27:22
New International Version
“’The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; for your merchandise they exchanged the finest of all kinds of spices and precious stones, and gold.

New Living Translation
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah came with all kinds of spices, jewels, and gold in exchange for your wares.

English Standard Version
The traders of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; they exchanged for your wares the best of all kinds of spices and all precious stones and gold.

Berean Standard Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; for your wares they exchanged gold, the finest of all spices, and precious stones.

King James Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy merchants: they occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

New King James Version
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah were your merchants. They traded for your wares the choicest spices, all kinds of precious stones, and gold.

New American Standard Bible
The traders of Sheba and Raamah, they traded with you; they paid for your merchandise with the best of all balsam oil, and with all kinds of precious stones, and gold.

NASB 1995
“The traders of Sheba and Raamah, they traded with you; they paid for your wares with the best of all kinds of spices, and with all kinds of precious stones and gold.

NASB 1977
“The traders of Sheba and Raamah, they traded with you; they paid for your wares with the best of all kinds of spices, and with all kinds of precious stones, and gold.

Legacy Standard Bible
The traders of Sheba and Raamah, they traded with you; they paid for your wares with the best of all kinds of spices and with all kinds of precious stones and gold.

Amplified Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah [in Arabia], they traded with you; they paid for your wares with the choicest of all kinds of spices and all kinds of precious stones and gold.

Christian Standard Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you. For your merchandise they exchanged the best of all spices and all kinds of precious stones as well as gold.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you. They exchanged gold, the best of all spices, and all kinds of precious stones for your merchandise.

American Standard Version
The traffickers of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy traffickers; they traded for thy wares with the chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

Contemporary English Version
Merchants from Sheba and Raamah gave you excellent spices, precious stones, and gold in exchange for your products.

English Revised Version
The traffickers of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy traffickers: they traded for thy wares with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The merchants from Sheba and Raamah traded with you. They traded the finest spices, precious stones, and gold for your merchandise.

Good News Translation
For your goods the merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded jewels, gold, and the finest spices.

International Standard Version
Traders from Sheba and Raamah paid for the best of what you had to offer with all types of spices, precious stones, and gold.

Majority Standard Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; for your wares they exchanged gold, the finest of all spices, and precious stones.

NET Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah engaged in trade with you; they traded the best kinds of spices along with precious stones and gold for your products.

New Heart English Bible
The traffickers of Sheba and Raamah, they were your traffickers; they traded for your wares with the chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

Webster's Bible Translation
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy merchants: they occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

World English Bible
“‘“The traders of Sheba and Raamah were your traders. They traded for your wares with the best of all spices, all precious stones, and gold.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Merchants of Sheba and Raamah—they [are] your merchants, "" They have given the chief of all spices, "" And every precious stone, and gold [for] your wares.

Young's Literal Translation
Merchants of Sheba and Raamah -- they are thy merchants, For the chief of all spices, And for every precious stone, and gold, They have given out thy remnants.

Smith's Literal Translation
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they thy merchants with the head of all spicery, and with every precious stone and gold they gave thy markets.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The sellers of Saba, and Reema, they were thy merchants: with all the best spices, and precious stones, and gold, which they set forth in thy market.

Catholic Public Domain Version
The vendors of Sheba and Raamah, these were your merchants, with all the finest aromatics, and precious stones, and gold, which they offered in your marketplace.

New American Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah also traded with you, exchanging for your wares the very best spices, all kinds of precious stones, and gold.

New Revised Standard Version
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; they exchanged for your wares the best of all kinds of spices, and all precious stones, and gold.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah brought to your markets their best spices and precious stones and gold.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
The Merchants of Sheba and of Rama brought you the best spices and good stones and gold to buy
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
The traffickers of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy traffickers; they traded for thy wares with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
The merchants of Sabba and Ramma, these were thy merchants, with choice spices, and precious stones: and they brought gold to thy market.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Lament for Tyre
21Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your customers, trading in lambs, rams, and goats. 22The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; for your wares they exchanged gold, the finest of all spices, and precious stones. 23Haran, Canneh, and Eden traded with you, and so did the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad.…

Cross References
Revelation 18:11-13
And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, because there is no one left to buy their cargo— / cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble; / of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.

Isaiah 60:6
Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD.

1 Kings 10:2
She arrived in Jerusalem with a very large caravan—with camels bearing spices, gold in great abundance, and precious stones. And she came to Solomon and spoke to him all that was on her mind.

Jeremiah 6:20
What use to Me is frankincense from Sheba or sweet cane from a distant land? Your burnt offerings are not acceptable; your sacrifices do not please Me.”

Matthew 2:11
On coming to the house, they saw the Child with His mother Mary, and they fell down and worshiped Him. Then they opened their treasures and presented Him with gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh.

1 Kings 10:10
Then she gave the king 120 talents of gold, a great quantity of spices, and precious stones. Never again were spices in such abundance brought in as those the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.

Song of Solomon 3:6
Who is this coming up from the wilderness like a column of smoke, scented with myrrh and frankincense from all the spices of the merchant?

Isaiah 21:13
This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites.

Genesis 37:25
And as they sat down to eat a meal, they looked up and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. Their camels were carrying spices, balm, and myrrh on their way down to Egypt.

Psalm 72:10
May the kings of Tarshish and distant shores bring tribute; may the kings of Sheba and Seba offer gifts.

2 Chronicles 9:1
Now when the queen of Sheba heard about the fame of Solomon, she came to test him with difficult questions. She arrived in Jerusalem with a very large caravan—with camels bearing spices, gold in abundance, and precious stones. And she came to Solomon and spoke with him about all that was on her mind.

Isaiah 60:13
The glory of Lebanon will come to you—its cypress, elm, and boxwood together—to adorn the place of My sanctuary, and I will glorify the place of My feet.

1 Kings 10:15
not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.

2 Chronicles 9:9
Then she gave the king 120 talents of gold, a great quantity of spices, and precious stones. There had never been such spices as those the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.

Isaiah 23:8
Who planned this against Tyre, the bestower of crowns, whose traders are princes, whose merchants are renowned on the earth?


Treasury of Scripture

The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were your merchants: they occupied in your fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

Sheba

Genesis 10:7
And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtecha: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.

1 Kings 10:1-13
And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions…

1 Chronicles 1:9
And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabta, and Raamah, and Sabtecha. And the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.

Jump to Previous
Best Chief Choice Exchanged Fairs Furnished Gold Great Kinds Markets Merchandise Merchants Occupied Paid Precious Price Raamah Ra'amah Remnants Sheba Sorts Spices Stone Stones Trade Traded Traders Traffickers Wares
Jump to Next
Best Chief Choice Exchanged Fairs Furnished Gold Great Kinds Markets Merchandise Merchants Occupied Paid Precious Price Raamah Ra'amah Remnants Sheba Sorts Spices Stone Stones Trade Traded Traders Traffickers Wares
Ezekiel 27
1. The riches and commerce of Tyrus
26. The great and irrecoverable fall thereof














The merchants of Sheba and Raamah
The mention of "Sheba and Raamah" refers to ancient regions known for their wealth and trade. Sheba is often associated with the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula, possibly modern-day Yemen. The Queen of Sheba's visit to King Solomon (1 Kings 10:1-13) highlights the region's fame for wealth and wisdom. Raamah, mentioned in Genesis 10:7 as a descendant of Cush, is believed to be located in the same general area. These regions were known for their trade routes, which connected the East with the Mediterranean world, facilitating the exchange of luxury goods. The historical context underscores the extensive trade networks and the prosperity of Tyre, the city addressed in this chapter.

traded with you
The phrase "traded with you" indicates the commercial relationships that Tyre had established. Tyre was a major Phoenician port city renowned for its maritime prowess and trade. The Hebrew root for "traded" (סָחַר, sachar) implies a bustling exchange of goods, emphasizing Tyre's role as a central hub in ancient commerce. This reflects the city's economic strength and its ability to attract merchants from distant lands, showcasing the interconnectedness of ancient civilizations through trade.

for your wares they exchanged
The term "wares" refers to the goods and merchandise that Tyre offered. The Hebrew word (מַעֲרָב, ma'arab) suggests a variety of products, indicating the diversity and desirability of Tyre's exports. The act of exchanging goods highlights the barter system prevalent in ancient economies, where goods were often traded directly without the use of currency. This system required mutual trust and established relationships, which Tyre evidently maintained with its trading partners.

the finest of all kinds of spices
"Spices" were highly valued in the ancient world for their use in cooking, medicine, and religious rituals. The phrase "the finest of all kinds" suggests the superior quality of the spices traded, which would have been a significant draw for merchants. Spices like frankincense and myrrh, often associated with Sheba, were prized for their fragrance and preservative qualities. The trade in such luxury items underscores the wealth and opulence of Tyre and its ability to procure and distribute high-demand goods.

and all precious stones and gold
"Precious stones and gold" symbolize wealth and status. The inclusion of "all" indicates a wide variety of gemstones, each with its own value and significance. Gold, a universal symbol of wealth, was used in jewelry, currency, and religious artifacts. The Hebrew word for "precious stones" (אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, even yeqarah) conveys the idea of rarity and beauty. This part of the verse highlights the luxurious nature of the trade goods and the affluence of Tyre, which was able to attract and deal in such high-value commodities.

(22) Sheba and Raamah were both Hamites, descended from Cush (Genesis 10:7). They occupied that part of Arabia in the south-east which lies on the Bay of Oman, in the Persian Gulf, and were famous in antiquity for the products mentioned in the text, and which, with the exception of gold, are still found there.

Verse 22. - Sheba. The Sabaea of the Greeks. It is applied, in Genesis 10:7 and 1 Chronicles 1:9, to a grandson of Cush; in Genesis 10:28 and 1 Chronicles 1:22, to a son of Joktan; and in Genesis 25:3 and 1 Chronicles 1:32, to a grandson of Abraham. Geographically, in Ezekiel's time it probably included the South-Arabian region, that of Yemen, or Arabia Felix, and was famous, as in the history of the Queen of Sheba, for its gold, gems, and spices (1 Kings 10:1, 2; Psalm 72:10, 15). Raamah. Named in Genesis 10:7 as father of the Cushite Sheba, and probably, therefore, connected with it ethnologically and geographically. The chief of all spices had probably a technical name, like the "principal spices" of Exodus 30:23 and Song of Solomon 4:14 for the genuine balsam, the product of the Amyris opobalsamum, which is found between Mecca and Medina. The precious stones includes onyx, rubies, agates, and cornelians found in the mountains of Hadramant, and the jaspers and crystals of Yemen. In the Rhammanitae, mentioned by Strabo as a Sabaean tribe (16:782), we have, perhaps, a survival of the old name.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The merchants
רֹכְלֵ֤י (rō·ḵə·lê)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct
Strong's 7402: To travel for, trading

of Sheba
שְׁבָא֙ (šə·ḇā)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7614: Sheba -- a territory in soutwest Arabia, also the name of one or more descendant of Noah

and Raamah
וְרַעְמָ֔ה (wə·ra‘·māh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7484: Raamah -- 'trembling', son of Cush, also a trading people

traded with you;
רֹכְלָ֑יִךְ (rō·ḵə·lā·yiḵ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 7402: To travel for, trading

for your wares
עִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ (‘iz·ḇō·w·nā·yiḵ)
Noun - masculine plural construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 5801: Trade, the place, the payment

they exchanged
נָתְנ֖וּ (nā·ṯə·nū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

gold,
וְזָהָ֔ב (wə·zā·hāḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2091: Gold, something gold-colored, as oil, a clear sky

the finest
בְּרֹ֨אשׁ (bə·rōš)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 7218: The head

of all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

spices,
בֹּ֜שֶׂם (bō·śem)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1314: Fragrance, spicery, the balsam plant

and
וּבְכָל־ (ū·ḇə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

precious
יְקָרָה֙ (yə·qā·rāh)
Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 3368: Precious, rare, splendid, weighty

stones.
אֶ֤בֶן (’e·ḇen)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 68: A stone


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 27:22 The traffickers of Sheba and Raamah they (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 27:21
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