Ezekiel 27:21
New International Version
“’Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your customers; they did business with you in lambs, rams and goats.

New Living Translation
The Arabians and the princes of Kedar sent merchants to trade lambs and rams and male goats in exchange for your goods.

English Standard Version
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your favored dealers in lambs, rams, and goats; in these they did business with you.

Berean Standard Bible
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your customers, trading in lambs, rams, and goats.

King James Bible
Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they thy merchants.

New King James Version
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your regular merchants. They traded with you in lambs, rams, and goats.

New American Standard Bible
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, they were your customers for lambs, rams, and goats; for these they were your customers.

NASB 1995
“Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, they were your customers for lambs, rams and goats; for these they were your customers.

NASB 1977
“Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, they were your customers for lambs, rams, and goats; for these they were your customers.

Legacy Standard Bible
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, they were customers at your hand for lambs, rams, and goats; for these, they were your customers.

Amplified Bible
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, they were your customers for lambs, rams, and goats [favored by you]; for these they were your customers.

Christian Standard Bible
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your business partners, trading with you in lambs, rams, and goats.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your business partners, trading with you in lambs, rams, and goats.

American Standard Version
Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they were the merchants of thy hand; in lambs, and rams, and goats, in these were they thy merchants.

Contemporary English Version
while people from Arabia and the rulers of Kedar traded lambs, sheep, and goats.

English Revised Version
Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they were the merchants of thy hand; in lambs, and rams, and goats, in these were they thy merchants.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Arabia and all the officials of Kedar traded with you. They traded lambs, rams, and male goats.

Good News Translation
The Arabians and the rulers of the land of Kedar paid for your merchandise with lambs, sheep, and goats.

International Standard Version
Arabia, including all the princes of Kedar, came to you, shopping for lambs, rams, and goats.

Majority Standard Bible
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your customers, trading in lambs, rams, and goats.

NET Bible
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your trade partners; for lambs, rams, and goats they traded with you.

New Heart English Bible
Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they were the merchants of your hand; in lambs, and rams, and goats, in these were they your merchants.

Webster's Bible Translation
Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they thy merchants.

World English Bible
“‘“Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your favorite dealers in lambs, rams, and goats. In these, they were your merchants.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Arabia, and all princes of Kedar, "" They [are] the traders of your hand, "" For lambs, and rams, and male goats, "" In these your merchants.

Young's Literal Translation
Arabia, and all princes of Kedar, They are the traders of thy hand, For lambs, and rams, and he-goats, In these thy merchants.

Smith's Literal Translation
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, they the merchants of thy hand with lambs and rams and he goats: in them thy merchants.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Arabia, and all the princes of Cedar, they were the merchants of thy hand: thy merchants came to thee with lambs, and rants, and kids.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Arabia and all the leaders of Kedar, these were the merchants at your hand. Your merchants came to you with lambs, and rams, and young goats.

New American Bible
Arabia and the sheikhs of Kedar were your agents, dealing in lambs, rams, and goats.

New Revised Standard Version
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your favored dealers in lambs, rams, and goats; in these they did business with you.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
They also brought you rams, lambs, and kids.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And rams and lambs and kids they brought to you
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they were the merchants of thy hand; in lambs, and rams, and goats, in these were they thy merchants.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, these were thy traders with thee, bringing camels, and lambs, and rams, in which they trade with thee.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Lament for Tyre
20Dedan was your merchant in saddlecloths for riding. 21Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your customers, trading in lambs, rams, and goats. 22The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; for your wares they exchanged gold, the finest of all spices, and precious stones.…

Cross References
Isaiah 21:13-17
This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites. / Bring water for the thirsty, O dwellers of Tema; meet the refugees with food. / For they flee from the sword—the sword that is drawn—from the bow that is bent, and from the stress of battle. ...

Jeremiah 25:23-24
Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who cut the corners of their hair; / all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mixed tribes who dwell in the desert;

Genesis 25:13-16
These are the names of the sons of Ishmael in the order of their birth: Nebaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, / Mishma, Dumah, Massa, / Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. ...

1 Chronicles 1:29-31
These are their genealogies: Nebaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, / Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, / Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These were the sons of Ishmael.

Isaiah 60:6-7
Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD. / All the flocks of Kedar will be gathered to you; the rams of Nebaioth will serve you and go up on My altar with acceptance; I will adorn My glorious house.

Jeremiah 49:28-33
Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon defeated, this is what the LORD says: “Rise up, advance against Kedar, and destroy the people of the east! / They will take their tents and flocks, their tent curtains and all their goods. They will take their camels for themselves. They will shout to them: ‘Terror is on every side!’ / Run! Escape quickly! Lie low, O residents of Hazor,” declares the LORD, “for Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has drawn up a plan against you; he has devised a strategy against you. ...

Job 1:3
and he owned 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen, 500 female donkeys, and a very large number of servants. Job was the greatest man of all the people of the East.

Isaiah 42:11
Let the desert and its cities raise their voices; let the villages of Kedar cry aloud. Let the people of Sela sing for joy; let them cry out from the mountaintops.

Psalm 120:5
Woe to me that I dwell in Meshech, that I live among the tents of Kedar!

Genesis 37:25
And as they sat down to eat a meal, they looked up and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. Their camels were carrying spices, balm, and myrrh on their way down to Egypt.

1 Kings 10:2
She arrived in Jerusalem with a very large caravan—with camels bearing spices, gold in great abundance, and precious stones. And she came to Solomon and spoke to him all that was on her mind.

Matthew 2:1-2
After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem, / asking, “Where is the One who has been born King of the Jews? We saw His star in the east and have come to worship Him.”

Acts 8:27-28
So he started out, and on his way he met an Ethiopian eunuch, a court official in charge of the entire treasury of Candace, queen of the Ethiopians. He had gone to Jerusalem to worship, / and on his return was sitting in his chariot reading Isaiah the prophet.

Galatians 4:25
Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present-day Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children.

Revelation 18:11-13
And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, because there is no one left to buy their cargo— / cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble; / of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.


Treasury of Scripture

Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with you in lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they your merchants.

Arabia

1 Kings 10:15
Beside that he had of the merchantmen, and of the traffick of the spice merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.

Jeremiah 25:24
And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert,

Acts 2:11
Cretes and Arabians, we do hear them speak in our tongues the wonderful works of God.

Kedar

Genesis 25:13
And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebajoth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam,

1 Chronicles 1:29
These are their generations: The firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; then Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam,

Song of Solomon 1:5
I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon.

2 Chronicles 17:11
Also some of the Philistines brought Jehoshaphat presents, and tribute silver; and the Arabians brought him flocks, seven thousand and seven hundred rams, and seven thousand and seven hundred he goats.

Isaiah 60:7
All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory.

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Arabia Business Customers Dealers Favored Goats Hand He-Goats Kedar Lambs Merchants Occupied Princes Rams Rulers Sheep Trade Traders Trafficked
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Arabia Business Customers Dealers Favored Goats Hand He-Goats Kedar Lambs Merchants Occupied Princes Rams Rulers Sheep Trade Traders Trafficked
Ezekiel 27
1. The riches and commerce of Tyrus
26. The great and irrecoverable fall thereof














Arabia
The term "Arabia" in this context refers to the vast desert region inhabited by nomadic tribes. Historically, Arabia was known for its trade routes and caravans that connected the East with the Mediterranean world. The Hebrew root for Arabia, "עֲרָב" (Arab), signifies a region of mixed peoples, highlighting the diverse and bustling nature of trade in this area. This reference underscores the extensive reach of Tyre's commerce, as even distant and nomadic regions were engaged in trade with this powerful city.

all the princes of Kedar
"Kedar" was a prominent Arabian tribe known for its wealth and trade in livestock. The "princes of Kedar" indicates the leaders or chieftains of this tribe, emphasizing their status and influence. The Hebrew word "קֵדָר" (Qedar) is associated with dark or swarthy, possibly referring to the tents made from black goat hair for which they were famous. This phrase highlights the importance of Kedar in the ancient economy and their role as significant trading partners with Tyre, showcasing the interconnectedness of ancient Near Eastern societies.

were your customers
The phrase "were your customers" indicates a commercial relationship where Arabia and Kedar engaged in regular trade with Tyre. The Hebrew root "סָחַר" (sachar) means to trade or barter, reflecting the bustling economic activity. This relationship illustrates Tyre's role as a major commercial hub, attracting diverse peoples and goods, and serving as a testament to its economic power and influence in the ancient world.

trading in lambs, rams, and goats
This phrase specifies the commodities exchanged, which were essential livestock in the ancient Near East. "Lambs, rams, and goats" were not only vital for sustenance but also for religious sacrifices and economic wealth. The Hebrew words "כֶּבֶשׂ" (keves) for lambs, "אַיִל" (ayil) for rams, and "עֵז" (ez) for goats, denote valuable livestock that were integral to the agrarian and pastoral lifestyle. This trade in livestock underscores the mutual dependence between Tyre and its trading partners, as well as the prosperity that such exchanges brought to the region.

(21) Arabia . . . Kedar.--Arabia is never used in the Old Testament for the whole of the country now called by that name, but only for the desert part of it occupied by nomadic tribes. Kedar is the name of a nomadic pastoral race descended from Ishmael (Genesis 25:13; comp. Isaiah 60:7).

Verse 21. - Arabia. The word, commonly in connection with Dedan, is used in the limited sense which attaches to it in the Old Testament (2 Chronicles 9:14; Isaiah 21:13; Jeremiah 25:24)for the tribes of what in Greek and Roman geography were known as Arabia Deserts. Kedar. The name (equivalent to "black-skinned") appears as that of the second son of Ishmael (Genesis 25:13). The black tents of Kedar (Psalm 120:5; Song of Solomon 1:5) indicate a nomadic tribe of the Bedouin type, famous, as in Isaiah 60:7 and Jeremiah 49:28, 29, for their flocks of sheep and camels. They appear, also, as having cities and villages in Isaiah 42:11. The name is used in later rabbinic writings for all the inhabitants of Arabia.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Arabia
עֲרַב֙ (‘ă·raḇ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6152: Arabia -- 'steppe-dwellers', a country East of Israel

and all
וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the princes
נְשִׂיאֵ֣י (nə·śî·’ê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 5387: An exalted one, a king, sheik, a rising mist

of Kedar
קֵדָ֔ר (qê·ḏār)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6938: Kedar -- perhaps 'swarthy', a son of Ishmael, also his desc

were your customers,
סֹחֲרֵ֣י (sō·ḥă·rê)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct
Strong's 5503: To go around or about, travel about

trading
סֹחֲרָֽיִךְ׃ (sō·ḥă·rā·yiḵ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 5503: To go around or about, travel about

in lambs,
בְּכָרִ֤ים (bə·ḵā·rîm)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 3733: A ram, a, battering-ram, a meadow, a pad, camel's saddle

rams,
וְאֵילִים֙ (wə·’ê·lîm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 352: Strength, strong, a chief, a ram, a pilaster, an oak, strong tree

and goats.
וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים (wə·‘at·tū·ḏîm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 6260: Prepared, full grown, of he-goats, leaders of the people


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 27:21 Arabia and all the princes of Kedar (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
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