Micah 1:13
New International Version
You who live in Lachish, harness fast horses to the chariot. You are where the sin of Daughter Zion began, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.

New Living Translation
Harness your chariot horses and flee, you people of Lachish. You were the first city in Judah to follow Israel in her rebellion, and you led Jerusalem into sin.

English Standard Version
Harness the steeds to the chariots, inhabitants of Lachish; it was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion, for in you were found the transgressions of Israel.

Berean Standard Bible
Harness your chariot horses, O dweller of Lachish. You were the beginning of sin to the Daughter of Zion, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.

King James Bible
O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast: she is the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Zion: for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee.

New King James Version
O inhabitant of Lachish, Harness the chariot to the swift steeds (She was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion), For the transgressions of Israel were found in you.

New American Standard Bible
Harness the chariot to the team of horses, You inhabitant of Lachish— She was the beginning of sin To the daughter of Zion— Because in you were found The rebellious acts of Israel.

NASB 1995
Harness the chariot to the team of horses, O inhabitant of Lachish— She was the beginning of sin To the daughter of Zion— Because in you were found The rebellious acts of Israel.

NASB 1977
Harness the chariot to the team of horses, O inhabitant of Lachish— She was the beginning of sin To the daughter of Zion— Because in you were found The rebellious acts of Israel.

Legacy Standard Bible
Harness the chariot to the team of horses, O inhabitant of Lachish— She was the beginning of sin To the daughter of Zion— Because in you were found The transgressions of Israel.

Amplified Bible
Harness the chariot to the team of horses [to escape the invasion], O inhabitant of Lachish— She was the beginning of sin To the Daughter of Zion (Jerusalem)— Because in you were found The rebellious acts of Israel.

Christian Standard Bible
Harness the horses to the chariot, you residents of Lachish. This was the beginning of sin for Daughter Zion because Israel’s acts of rebellion can be traced to you.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Harness the horses to the chariot, you residents of Lachish. This was the beginning of sin for Daughter Zion, because Israel’s acts of rebellion can be traced to you.

American Standard Version
Bind the chariot to the swift steed, O inhabitant of Lachish: she was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee.

Contemporary English Version
Get the war chariots ready, you people of Lachish. You led Jerusalem into sin, just as Israel did.

English Revised Version
Bind the chariot to the swift steed, O inhabitant of Lachish: she was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Harness the horses to the chariots, inhabitants of Lachish. You were the first to lead the people of Zion into sin. The rebellious acts of Israel are found in you.

Good News Translation
You that live in Lachish, hitch the horses to the chariots. You imitated the sins of Israel and so caused Jerusalem to sin.

International Standard Version
"You inhabitants of Lachish, harness your chariot to your swiftest steed— the daughter of Zion has begun to sin— because within you the transgressions of Israel were revealed.

Majority Standard Bible
Harness your chariot horses, O dweller of Lachish. You were the beginning of sin to the Daughter of Zion, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.

NET Bible
Residents of Lachish, hitch the horses to the chariots! You influenced Daughter Zion to sin, for Israel's rebellious deeds can be traced back to you!

New Heart English Bible
Harness the chariot to the swift steed, inhabitant of Lachish. She was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; For the transgressions of Israel were found in you.

Webster's Bible Translation
O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast: she is the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Zion: for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee.

World English Bible
Harness the chariot to the swift steed, inhabitant of Lachish. She was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Bind the chariot to a swift beast, O inhabitant of Lachish, "" The beginning of sin [is] she to the daughter of Zion, "" For in you have been found the transgressions of Israel.

Young's Literal Translation
Bind the chariot to a swift beast, O inhabitant of Lachish, The beginning of sin is she to the daughter of Zion, For in thee have been found the transgressions of Israel.

Smith's Literal Translation
Make fast the chariot to the steed, thou inhabitress of the smitten: she the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion: for in thee were found the transgressions of Israel.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
A tumult of chariots hath astonished the inhabitants of Lachis: it is the beginning of sin to the daughter of Sion, for in thee were found the crimes of Israel.

Catholic Public Domain Version
A tumult of four-horse chariots has stupefied the inhabitants of Lachish. The beginning has been sin for the daughter of Zion, because in you have been found the evil deeds of Israel.

New American Bible
Harness steeds to the chariots, inhabitants of Lachish; You are the beginning of sin for daughter Zion, For in you were found the crimes of Israel.

New Revised Standard Version
Harness the steeds to the chariots, inhabitants of Lachish; it was the beginning of sin to daughter Zion, for in you were found the transgressions of Israel.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
You have harnessed horses to the chariots, O you inhabitants of Lachish; you were the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; for in you were found the transgressions of Israel.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
You harnessed chariots of horses, inhabitant of Lakish; the beginning of sin belongs to the daughter of Zion, because in you were found the sins of Israel
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Bind the chariots to the swift steeds, O inhabitant of Lachish; She was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; For the transgressions of Israel are found in thee.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
even a sound of chariots and horsemen: the inhabitants of Lachis, she is the leader of sin to the daughter of Sion: for in thee were found the transgressions of Israel.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Weeping and Mourning
12For the dwellers of Maroth pined for good, but calamity came down from the LORD, even to the gate of Jerusalem. 13Harness your chariot horses, O dweller of Lachish. You were the beginning of sin to the Daughter of Zion, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you. 14Therefore, send farewell gifts to Moresheth-gath; the houses of Achzib will prove deceptive to the kings of Israel.…

Cross References
2 Kings 18:13
In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah’s reign, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked and captured all the fortified cities of Judah.

Isaiah 36:1
In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah’s reign, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked and captured all the fortified cities of Judah.

Hosea 10:14
the roar of battle will rise against your people, so that all your fortresses will be demolished as Shalman devastated Beth-arbel in the day of battle, when mothers were dashed to pieces along with their children.

Isaiah 10:28-32
Assyria has entered Aiath and passed through Migron, storing their supplies at Michmash. / They have crossed at the ford: “We will spend the night at Geba.” Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul flees. / Cry aloud, O Daughter of Gallim! Listen, O Laishah! O wretched Anathoth! ...

2 Kings 19:32-34
So this is what the LORD says about the king of Assyria: ‘He will not enter this city or shoot an arrow into it. He will not come before it with a shield or build up a siege ramp against it. / He will go back the way he came, and he will not enter this city, declares the LORD. / I will defend this city and save it for My own sake and for the sake of My servant David.’”

Isaiah 37:33-35
So this is what the LORD says about the king of Assyria: ‘He will not enter this city or shoot an arrow into it. He will not come before it with a shield or build up a siege ramp against it. / He will go back the way he came, and he will not enter this city,’ declares the LORD. / ‘I will defend this city and save it for My own sake and for the sake of My servant David.’”

Jeremiah 46:9
Advance, O horses! Race furiously, O chariots! Let the warriors come forth—Cush and Put carrying their shields, men of Lydia drawing the bow.

Nahum 3:18
O king of Assyria, your shepherds slumber; your officers sleep. Your people are scattered on the mountains with no one to gather them.

Zephaniah 1:16
a day of horn blast and battle cry against the fortified cities, and against the high corner towers.

Amos 3:12
This is what the LORD says: “As the shepherd snatches from the mouth of the lion two legs or a piece of an ear, so the Israelites dwelling in Samaria will be rescued having just the corner of a bed or the cushion of a couch.

Matthew 24:15-16
So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination of desolation,’ spoken of by the prophet Daniel (let the reader understand), / then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.

Luke 21:20-21
But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, you will know that her desolation is near. / Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country stay out of the city.

Mark 13:14
So when you see the abomination of desolation standing where it should not be (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.

Romans 15:4
For everything that was written in the past was written for our instruction, so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures, we might have hope.

1 Corinthians 10:11
Now these things happened to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the fulfillment of the ages has come.


Treasury of Scripture

O you inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast: she is the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Zion: for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.

Lachish.

Joshua 15:39
Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon,

2 Kings 18:13,14,17
Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them…

2 Chronicles 11:9
And Adoraim, and Lachish, and Azekah,

bind.

Genesis 19:17
And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed.

Isaiah 10:31
Madmenah is removed; the inhabitants of Gebim gather themselves to flee.

Jeremiah 4:29
The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen; they shall go into thickets, and climb up upon the rocks: every city shall be forsaken, and not a man dwell therein.

she.

Exodus 32:21
And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?

1 Kings 13:33,34
After this thing Jeroboam returned not from his evil way, but made again of the lowest of the people priests of the high places: whosoever would, he consecrated him, and he became one of the priests of the high places…

1 Kings 14:16
And he shall give Israel up because of the sins of Jeroboam, who did sin, and who made Israel to sin.

for.

2 Kings 8:18
And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as did the house of Ahab: for the daughter of Ahab was his wife: and he did evil in the sight of the LORD.

2 Kings 16:3,4
But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, yea, and made his son to pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel…

Jeremiah 3:8
And I saw, when for all the causes whereby backsliding Israel committed adultery I had put her away, and given her a bill of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah feared not, but went and played the harlot also.

Jump to Previous
Acts Beast Beginning Bind Cause Chariot Chariots Daughter First Found Harness Horse Horses Inhabitant Inhabitants Inhabitress Israel Lachish Quick-Running Rebellious Sin Steed Steeds Swift Team Transgressions War-Carriage Wrongdoings Yoked Zion
Jump to Next
Acts Beast Beginning Bind Cause Chariot Chariots Daughter First Found Harness Horse Horses Inhabitant Inhabitants Inhabitress Israel Lachish Quick-Running Rebellious Sin Steed Steeds Swift Team Transgressions War-Carriage Wrongdoings Yoked Zion
Micah 1
1. The time when Micah prophesied.
2. He shows the wrath of God against Jacob for idolatry.
10. He exhorts to mourning.














Harness the horses to the chariot
This phrase begins with a vivid image of preparation for battle or flight. In the Hebrew context, the word "harness" (Hebrew: "אסר" - 'asar) implies binding or tying, suggesting a sense of urgency and necessity. Horses and chariots were symbols of military strength and speed in ancient Israel, often associated with the power of nations. The call to harness the horses indicates a readiness to face impending judgment or disaster, reflecting the urgency of repentance and the need for divine intervention.

O dweller of Lachish
Lachish was a significant city in the Shephelah region of Judah, known for its strategic military importance. The term "dweller" (Hebrew: "יושבת" - yoshevet) refers to the inhabitants, emphasizing their collective responsibility. Lachish was one of the fortified cities of Judah, and its mention here highlights its role in the nation's defense. Historically, Lachish was a site of conflict and conquest, notably during the Assyrian invasion. The city's reliance on military might rather than on God serves as a cautionary tale of misplaced trust.

You were the beginning of sin
This phrase points to Lachish as the starting point of transgression for the people of Judah. The word "beginning" (Hebrew: "ראשית" - reshit) signifies the origin or first instance, indicating that Lachish played a pivotal role in leading Judah astray. The "sin" (Hebrew: "חטאת" - chatat) here refers to idolatry and rebellion against God. This accusation underscores the city's influence in spreading corruption and highlights the broader theme of accountability and the consequences of turning away from divine commandments.

to the Daughter of Zion
"Daughter of Zion" is a poetic term for Jerusalem, representing the people of God. The phrase evokes a sense of familial relationship and endearment, yet also conveys a sense of vulnerability. Zion, as the spiritual and political center of Israel, is depicted as being led into sin by Lachish's example. This highlights the interconnectedness of the cities of Judah and the ripple effect of sin, serving as a reminder of the importance of spiritual leadership and integrity.

for the transgressions of Israel
The term "transgressions" (Hebrew: "פשעי" - pesha) refers to deliberate acts of rebellion and breach of covenant with God. Israel's transgressions are often depicted as a collective turning away from God's laws and commands. This phrase connects the sins of Lachish and Judah to the broader context of Israel's unfaithfulness. It serves as a call to repentance and a warning of the consequences of persistent disobedience, urging a return to covenant faithfulness and reliance on God's mercy and grace.

(13) Bind the chariot to the swift beast--i.e., make haste to escape with thy goods. Lachish was the most important of the cities enumerated. It was fortified by Rehoboam, and was sought as a refuge by Amaziah from the conspiracy formed against him in Jerusalem. After the capture of the Holy City by Nebuchadnezzar, Lachish alone remained, with Azekah, of the defenced cities of Judah. It appears, from its position as a border city, to have been the channel for introducing into the kingdom of Judah the idolatry set up by Jeroboam in Israel.

Verse 13. - Lachish. A very strong and important city of the Canaanites, hod. Um Lakis, about fourteen miles northeast of Gaza, which was captured by Sennacherib after a long siege (2 Kings 18:14; Isaiah 36:2; Isaiah 37:8). In the British Museum there is a bas-relief, brought from Assyria, representing Sennacherib seated on his throne while the spoil of the city of Lachish passed before him (Sayce, 'Fresh Light from the Monuments,' pp. 123, 125). Bind the chariot to the swift beast. Harness your horses to your chariots, that ye may flee and escape destruction. The phrase is like the Latin, currum jungere equis. The paronomasia here lies in the sound, "Inhabitant of Lachish, harness your rekkesh" ("runner," "courser"). "Inhabitant of Horse town, harness your horses." Septuagint, ψόφος ἁρμάτων καὶ ἱππευόντων, "a sound of chariots and horsemen;" Vulgate, tumultus quadrigae stuporis - renderings which the present Hebrew text does not support. She was the beginning, etc. How Lachish came to adopt the idolatry of Israel, and how she infected Judah, we know not. A connection between Jerusalem and Lachish is found in the case of Amaziah (2 Kings 14:19), but nothing bearing on religion is mentioned. The whole clause is translated by Calmer, Keil, etc., thus: "It was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion that the iniquities of Israel were found in thee" (comp. Micah 6:16; Amos 8:14). The particular transgressions meant may be the idolatry of Jehoram (2 Chronicles 21:6) and Ahaziah (2 Chronicles 22:3, 4).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Harness
רְתֹ֧ם (rə·ṯōm)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular
Strong's 7573: To bind, attach

the horses
לָרֶ֖כֶשׁ (lā·re·ḵeš)
Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7409: A relay of animals on a, post-route, a courser

to the chariot,
הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה (ham·mer·kā·ḇāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 4818: A chariot

O inhabitant
יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת (yō·wō·še·ḇeṯ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular construct
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

of Lachish.
לָכִ֑ישׁ (lā·ḵîš)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 3923: Lachish -- a Canaanite city Southwest of Jerusalem

You were
הִיא֙ (hî)
Pronoun - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

the beginning
רֵאשִׁ֨ית (rê·šîṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 7225: The first, in place, time, order, rank

of sin
חַטָּ֥את (ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 2403: An offence, its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, expiation, an offender

to the daughter
לְבַת־ (lə·ḇaṯ-)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1323: A daughter

of Zion,
צִיּ֔וֹן (ṣî·yō·wn)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6726: Zion -- a mountain in Jerusalem, also a name for Jerusalem

for
כִּי־ (kî-)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

the transgressions
פִּשְׁעֵ֥י (piš·‘ê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 6588: Transgression

of Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

were found
נִמְצְא֖וּ (nim·ṣə·’ū)
Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 4672: To come forth to, appear, exist, to attain, find, acquire, to occur, meet, be present

in you.
בָ֥ךְ (ḇāḵ)
Preposition | second person feminine singular
Strong's Hebrew


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OT Prophets: Micah 1:13 Harness the chariot to the swift steed (Mc Mic. Mi)
Micah 1:12
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