Acts 17:16
New International Version
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was greatly distressed to see that the city was full of idols.

New Living Translation
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was deeply troubled by all the idols he saw everywhere in the city.

English Standard Version
Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw that the city was full of idols.

Berean Standard Bible
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was deeply disturbed in his spirit to see that the city was full of idols.

Berean Literal Bible
Now of Paul in Athens waiting for them, his spirit was provoked in him, seeing the city to be utterly idolatrous.

King James Bible
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry.

New King James Version
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him when he saw that the city was given over to idols.

New American Standard Bible
Now while Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was being provoked within him as he observed that the city was full of idols.

NASB 1995
Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was being provoked within him as he was observing the city full of idols.

NASB 1977
Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was being provoked within him as he was beholding the city full of idols.

Legacy Standard Bible
Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was being provoked within him as he was observing the city full of idols.

Amplified Bible
Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was greatly angered when he saw that the city was full of idols.

Christian Standard Bible
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was deeply distressed when he saw that the city was full of idols.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was troubled within him when he saw that the city was full of idols.

American Standard Version
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he beheld the city full of idols.

Contemporary English Version
While Paul was waiting in Athens, he was upset to see all the idols in the city.

English Revised Version
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him, as he beheld the city full of idols.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
While Paul was waiting for Silas and Timothy in Athens, he saw that the city had statues of false gods everywhere. This upset him.

Good News Translation
While Paul was waiting in Athens for Silas and Timothy, he was greatly upset when he noticed how full of idols the city was.

International Standard Version
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was deeply disturbed to see the city full of idols.

Majority Standard Bible
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was deeply disturbed in his spirit to see that the city was full of idols.

NET Bible
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was greatly upset because he saw the city was full of idols.

New Heart English Bible
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols.

Webster's Bible Translation
Now, while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry.

Weymouth New Testament
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was stirred within him when he noticed that the city was full of idols.

World English Bible
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and Paul waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, beholding the city wholly given to idolatry,

Berean Literal Bible
Now of Paul in Athens waiting for them, his spirit was provoked in him, seeing the city to be utterly idolatrous.

Young's Literal Translation
and Paul waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, beholding the city wholly given to idolatry,

Smith's Literal Translation
And Paul waiting for them among the Athenians, his spirit was excited in him, seeing the city being addicted to idol worship.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Now whilst Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred within him, seeing the city wholly given to idolatry.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred up within him, seeing the city given over to idolatry.

New American Bible
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he grew exasperated at the sight of the city full of idols.

New Revised Standard Version
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was deeply distressed to see that the city was full of idols.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, he saw the whole city full of idols, and he murmured thereat in his spirit.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
But while Paulus remained in Athens, he was provoked in his spirit when he saw that the whole city was full of idols.
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred within him, when he saw the city full of idols.

Godbey New Testament
But Paul waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, seeing the city devoted to idolatry.

Haweis New Testament
Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit within him was greatly grieved, beholding the city so devoted to idolatry.

Mace New Testament
While Paul was expecting them at Athens, he was grieved to the soul to see the whole city o'er-spread with idols.

Weymouth New Testament
While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was stirred within him when he noticed that the city was full of idols.

Worrell New Testament
And, while Paul was waiting for them in Athens, his spirit was being provoked within him, observing that the city was full of idols.

Worsley New Testament
Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his Spirit was greatly moved, when he saw the city wholly given up to idolatry.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Paul in Athens
15Those who escorted Paul brought him to Athens and then returned with instructions for Silas and Timothy to join him as soon as possible. 16While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was deeply disturbed in his spirit to see that the city was full of idols. 17So he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and God-fearing Gentiles, and in the marketplace with those he met each day.…

Cross References
Isaiah 44:9-20
All makers of idols are nothing, and the things they treasure are worthless. Their witnesses fail to see or comprehend, so they are put to shame. / Who fashions a god or casts an idol which profits him nothing? / Behold, all his companions will be put to shame, for the craftsmen themselves are only human. Let them all assemble and take their stand; they will all be brought to terror and shame. ...

Jeremiah 10:1-16
Hear the word that the LORD speaks to you, O house of Israel. / This is what the LORD says: “Do not learn the ways of the nations or be terrified by the signs in the heavens, though the nations themselves are terrified by them. / For the customs of the peoples are worthless; they cut down a tree from the forest; it is shaped with a chisel by the hands of a craftsman. ...

1 Corinthians 8:4-6
So about eating food sacrificed to idols: We know that an idol is nothing at all in the world, and that there is no God but one. / For even if there are so-called gods, whether in heaven or on earth (as there are many so-called gods and lords), / yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we exist. And there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we exist.

1 Corinthians 10:19-20
Am I suggesting, then, that food sacrificed to an idol is anything, or that an idol is anything? / No, but the sacrifices of pagans are offered to demons, not to God. And I do not want you to be participants with demons.

Romans 1:21-23
For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him as God nor gave thanks to Him, but they became futile in their thinking and darkened in their foolish hearts. / Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools, / and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.

Exodus 32:1-6
Now when the people saw that Moses was delayed in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, “Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!” / So Aaron told them, “Take off the gold earrings that are on your wives and sons and daughters, and bring them to me.” / Then all the people took off their gold earrings and brought them to Aaron. ...

Deuteronomy 4:15-19
So since you saw no form of any kind on the day the LORD spoke to you out of the fire at Horeb, be careful / that you do not act corruptly and make an idol for yourselves of any form or shape, whether in the likeness of a male or female, / of any beast that is on the earth or bird that flies in the air, ...

Psalm 115:4-8
Their idols are silver and gold, made by the hands of men. / They have mouths, but cannot speak; they have eyes, but cannot see; / they have ears, but cannot hear; they have noses, but cannot smell; ...

Psalm 135:15-18
The idols of the nations are silver and gold, made by the hands of men. / They have mouths, but cannot speak; they have eyes, but cannot see; / they have ears, but cannot hear; nor is there breath in their mouths. ...

Isaiah 40:18-20
To whom will you liken God? To what image will you compare Him? / To an idol that a craftsman casts and a metalworker overlays with gold and fits with silver chains? / One lacking such an offering chooses wood that will not rot. He seeks a skilled craftsman to set up an idol that will not topple.

Isaiah 41:6-7
Each one helps the other and says to his brother, “Be strong!” / The craftsman encourages the goldsmith, and he who wields the hammer cheers him who strikes the anvil, saying of the welding, “It is good.” He nails it down so it will not be toppled.

Isaiah 42:8
I am the LORD; that is My name! I will not yield My glory to another or My praise to idols.

Isaiah 45:20
Come, gather together, and draw near, you fugitives from the nations. Ignorant are those who carry idols of wood and pray to a god that cannot save.

Isaiah 46:5-7
To whom will you liken Me or count Me equal? To whom will you compare Me, that we should be alike? / They pour out their bags of gold and weigh out silver on scales; they hire a goldsmith to fashion it into a god, so they can bow down and worship. / They lift it to their shoulder and carry it along; they set it in its place, and there it stands, not budging from that spot. They cry out to it, but it does not answer; it saves no one from his troubles.

1 Kings 18:21
Then Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long will you waver between two opinions? If the LORD is God, follow Him. But if Baal is God, follow him.” But the people did not answer a word.


Treasury of Scripture

Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry.

Cir.

Exodus 32:19,20
And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount…

Numbers 25:6-11
And, behold, one of the children of Israel came and brought unto his brethren a Midianitish woman in the sight of Moses, and in the sight of all the congregation of the children of Israel, who were weeping before the door of the tabernacle of the congregation…

1 Kings 19:10,14
And he said, I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away…

wholly given to idolatry.

Acts 17:23
For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.

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Athens Beheld Beholding City Distressed Excited Full Gods Greatly Idolatry Idols Images Noticed Observing Painfully Paul Provoked Spirit Stirred Waited Waiting Wholly Within
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Athens Beheld Beholding City Distressed Excited Full Gods Greatly Idolatry Idols Images Noticed Observing Painfully Paul Provoked Spirit Stirred Waited Waiting Wholly Within
Acts 17
1. Paul preaches at Thessalonica, where some believe,
5. and others persecute him.
10. He is sent to Berea, and preaches there.
13. Being persecuted by Jews from Thessalonica,
16. he comes to Athens, and disputes and preaches the living God, to them unknown;
32. whereby, though some mock, many are converted unto Christ.














While Paul was waiting for them in Athens
This phrase sets the scene for Paul's experience in Athens, a city renowned for its rich history, culture, and intellectual pursuits. The Greek word for "waiting" (προσδεχόμενος, prosdechomenos) implies an anticipation or expectation. Paul was not merely passing time; he was in a state of readiness, prepared for the arrival of his companions, Silas and Timothy. This reflects a broader theme in Paul's ministry: a constant readiness to engage with the world around him, to preach the Gospel, and to respond to the leading of the Holy Spirit. Athens, as a center of philosophy and learning, presented a unique opportunity for Paul to engage with the intellectual elite of the time.

he was deeply distressed
The Greek word used here for "deeply distressed" (παρωξύνετο, paroxyneto) conveys a strong emotional reaction, akin to provocation or irritation. This was not a mild discomfort but a profound disturbance in Paul's spirit. His distress was not due to personal affront but was a righteous indignation at the spiritual state of the city. This reflects the heart of a true evangelist, one who is moved by the lostness of those around him. Paul's reaction is reminiscent of the prophets of the Old Testament, who were often grieved by the idolatry and spiritual blindness of the people.

to see that the city was full of idols
The phrase "full of idols" (κατείδωλον, kateidolon) indicates that Athens was literally "under" or "wholly given to" idols. Archaeological evidence supports this description, as Athens was known for its numerous statues and altars dedicated to various gods. The city's landscape was dominated by these idols, which were not merely artistic expressions but objects of worship and devotion. This idolatry was a direct violation of the first commandment, which forbids the worship of other gods. Paul's distress was rooted in his understanding of the exclusivity of worship due to the one true God, as revealed in the Scriptures.

(16) His spirit was stirred in him.--The verb is the root of the noun from which we get our "paroxysm," and which is translated by "sharp contention" in Acts 15:39. Athens, glorying now, as it had done in the days of Sophocles (?dip. Col. 1008), in its devotion to the gods, presented to him, even after seeing Tarsus and Antioch, a new aspect. The city was "full of idols;" Hermes-busts at every corner, statues and altars in the atrium or court-yard of every house, temples and porticos and colonnades, all presenting what was to him the same repulsive spectacle. He looked on the Theseus and the Ilissus, and the friezes of the Centaurs and Lapithae on the Parthenon, as we look on them in our museums, but any sense of art-beauty which he may have had (and it was probably, in any case, but weak) was over-powered by his horror that men should bow down and worship what their own hands had made. The beauty of form which we admire in the Apollo or the Aphrodite, the Mercury or the Faun, would be to him, in its unveiled nakedness, a thing to shudder at. He knew too well to what that love of sensuous beauty had led in Greek and Roman life (Romans 1:24-27), when it had thrown aside what, to a Jew, were not only the natural instincts of purity, but the sanctions of a divine command (Genesis 9:22).

Verse 16. - Provoked within for stirred in, A.V. (παρωξύνετο: see Acts 15:29, note); as he beheld for when he saw, A.V.; full of idols for wholly given to idolatry, A.V. The Greek κατείδωλος occurs only here, either in the New Testament or elsewhere. But the analogy of ether words similarly compounded fixes the meaning "full of idols" - a description fully borne out by Pausanias and Xenophon and others (Steph., 'Thesaur.;' Meyer, etc.).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
[While]
δὲ (de)
Conjunction
Strong's 1161: A primary particle; but, and, etc.

Paul
Παύλου (Paulou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 3972: Paul, Paulus. Of Latin origin; Paulus, the name of a Roman and of an apostle.

was waiting for
ἐκδεχομένου (ekdechomenou)
Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 1551: To wait for, expect. From ek and dechomai; to accept from some source, i.e. to await.

them
αὐτοὺς (autous)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

in
Ἐν (En)
Preposition
Strong's 1722: In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.

Athens,
Ἀθήναις (Athēnais)
Noun - Dative Feminine Plural
Strong's 116: Athens, the intellectual capital of Greece. Plural of Athene; Athenoe, the capitol of Greece.

he was deeply disturbed
παρωξύνετο (parōxyneto)
Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 3947: To arouse anger, provoke, irritate. From para and a derivative of oxus; to sharpen alongside, i.e. to exasperate.

in
ἐν (en)
Preposition
Strong's 1722: In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.

his
αὐτοῦ (autou)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

spirit
πνεῦμα (pneuma)
Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular
Strong's 4151: Wind, breath, spirit.

to see that
θεωροῦντος (theōrountos)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 2334: From a derivative of theaomai; to be a spectator of, i.e. Discern, (experience) or intensively (acknowledge).

the
τὴν (tēn)
Article - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

city
πόλιν (polin)
Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4172: A city, the inhabitants of a city. Probably from the same as polemos, or perhaps from polus; a town.

was
οὖσαν (ousan)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 1510: I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.

full of idols.
κατείδωλον (kateidōlon)
Adjective - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 2712: Full of images of idols, grossly idolatrous. From kata and eidolon; utterly idolatrous.


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