And Balaam saw
The phrase "And Balaam saw" indicates a moment of realization or perception. In Hebrew, the word for "saw" is "ra'ah," which can mean to see with the eyes, to perceive, or to understand. This suggests that Balaam's understanding was not merely visual but also spiritual. He recognized a divine truth, which is significant because it marks a turning point in his actions. Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet, is beginning to understand the will of the God of Israel, which is a profound moment of revelation and insight.

that it pleased the LORD
The phrase "that it pleased the LORD" highlights the divine approval of blessing Israel. The Hebrew word for "pleased" is "towb," which means good, pleasant, or agreeable. This indicates that the blessing of Israel aligns with God's good and perfect will. In the conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the sovereignty of God and His unchanging purpose to bless His chosen people, Israel. It also reflects the broader biblical theme that God's plans are ultimately for the good of His people.

to bless Israel
"To bless Israel" is a significant phrase that reflects God's covenantal relationship with Israel. The Hebrew word for "bless" is "barak," which means to kneel, to bless, or to praise. This blessing is not just a verbal pronouncement but an invocation of divine favor and protection. Historically, Israel's identity as God's chosen people is central to the narrative of the Old Testament, and this blessing is a reaffirmation of God's promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

he did not resort to divination
The phrase "he did not resort to divination" indicates a departure from Balaam's previous practices. The Hebrew word for "divination" is "nachash," which refers to the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means. Balaam's decision to abandon divination signifies a shift from relying on pagan practices to acknowledging the true God. This change is crucial as it demonstrates a recognition of God's authority and a rejection of false spiritual practices.

as at other times
The phrase "as at other times" suggests that Balaam had previously engaged in divination regularly. This highlights the contrast between his past actions and his current obedience to God's will. It serves as a reminder of the transformative power of encountering the true God, which can lead to a change in behavior and beliefs.

but he set his face
"But he set his face" is a phrase that denotes determination and resolve. In Hebrew, "set his face" is "shith panim," which implies a deliberate and focused action. This expression is often used in the Bible to describe a resolute decision to follow a particular path. Balaam's decision to set his face toward the wilderness indicates his commitment to follow God's direction, despite any personal or external pressures.

toward the wilderness
The phrase "toward the wilderness" is significant in the biblical context. The wilderness, or "midbar" in Hebrew, is often a place of testing, revelation, and encounter with God. It is where the Israelites wandered for forty years and where they experienced God's provision and guidance. Balaam's turning toward the wilderness symbolizes a movement toward God's presence and a willingness to align with His purposes. In a broader sense, it reflects the journey of faith, where believers are called to trust and follow God, even into the unknown.

When Balaam looked up
The act of looking up signifies a moment of awareness and revelation. In Hebrew, the word for "looked up" can imply a lifting of the eyes, suggesting a shift from the mundane to the divine. Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet, is about to receive a vision from God, indicating that God's revelations are not limited by nationality or previous beliefs. This moment underscores the sovereignty of God in choosing His instruments for His purposes.

and saw Israel
The sight of Israel, God's chosen people, is significant. The Hebrew root for "saw" (ראה, ra'ah) implies not just physical sight but also understanding and perception. Balaam's vision of Israel is not merely a visual experience but a spiritual insight into their divine destiny. This highlights the importance of Israel in God's redemptive plan, a theme that runs throughout the Bible.

encamped tribe by tribe
The orderly arrangement of the tribes reflects God's design and order for His people. The encampment, as described in earlier chapters of Numbers, is a physical manifestation of God's covenant with Israel. Each tribe has its place, symbolizing unity and diversity within the body of God's people. This orderliness is a testament to God's meticulous care and planning for His people, a reminder of His faithfulness and provision.

the Spirit of God
The phrase "Spirit of God" (רוח אלהים, Ruach Elohim) is a powerful expression of divine presence and action. In the Old Testament, the Spirit of God is often associated with prophecy, wisdom, and empowerment. Here, the Spirit's coming upon Balaam signifies divine intervention and the authenticity of the message he is about to deliver. It is a reminder that true prophecy is inspired by God, not human will.

came upon him
The coming of the Spirit upon Balaam is an act of divine initiative. The Hebrew verb used here (היה, hayah) suggests a sudden and powerful presence. This emphasizes that Balaam's subsequent words are not his own but are inspired by God. It serves as a reminder that God can use anyone, even those outside the covenant community, to fulfill His purposes and proclaim His truth.

and he delivered this message
This phrase introduces the prophetic utterance of Balaam. The Hebrew word for "delivered" is "nasa," which can mean to lift up or bear. In this context, it signifies the weight and importance of the message being conveyed. Balaam, though a non-Israelite, is chosen by God to deliver a divine message, highlighting God's sovereignty in using unexpected vessels for His purposes.

The oracle of Balaam son of Beor
The term "oracle" is translated from the Hebrew word "mashal," which can mean a proverb, parable, or prophetic utterance. Balaam, identified as the "son of Beor," is a complex figure in the biblical narrative. Historically, Balaam is known as a diviner, and his mention here underscores the gravity of the message. Despite his pagan background, God uses Balaam to bless Israel, demonstrating that God's plans transcend human boundaries and expectations.

the oracle of the man
Repetition of "oracle" emphasizes the significance of the message. The phrase "the man" refers to Balaam, highlighting his humanity and the extraordinary nature of his experience. In biblical terms, a "man" chosen to deliver God's message is often seen as a vessel of divine truth, regardless of personal flaws or background.

whose eyes are open
This phrase is crucial, as it indicates a spiritual awakening or enlightenment. The Hebrew word "galah" means to uncover or reveal. Balaam's eyes being "open" suggests a divine revelation, where he perceives spiritual truths beyond ordinary sight. This is a pivotal moment where Balaam, despite his previous intentions, sees God's will clearly. It serves as a reminder that true vision comes from God, and spiritual insight is a gift that aligns us with His purposes.

the oracle
The term "oracle" in Hebrew is "מַשָּׂא" (massa), which can mean a burden or a prophetic utterance. In the context of Numbers 24:4, it signifies a divine message or revelation. This word underscores the weight and authority of the message being delivered. In ancient times, oracles were considered sacred communications from the divine, often delivered by prophets or seers. This highlights the seriousness and divine origin of Balaam's message.

of one who hears the words of God
The phrase emphasizes the role of the prophet as a listener and receiver of divine communication. The Hebrew word for "hears" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just hearing but understanding and obeying. This suggests that Balaam, despite his flawed character, is granted the ability to perceive and comprehend God's words. It reflects the biblical theme that God can use anyone to fulfill His purposes, and it underscores the importance of being attentive to God's voice.

who sees a vision from the Almighty
The Hebrew word for "vision" is "חָזוֹן" (chazon), indicating a supernatural revelation. The term "Almighty" is translated from "שַׁדַּי" (Shaddai), a name for God that conveys His power and sovereignty. This phrase highlights the divine source of Balaam's insight, affirming that the vision is not a product of human imagination but a revelation from the all-powerful God. It serves as a reminder of God's ability to reveal His will and plans to humanity through chosen individuals.

who bows down
The act of bowing down, in Hebrew "כָּרַע" (kara), signifies humility, reverence, and submission. In the context of receiving a divine vision, it indicates Balaam's acknowledgment of God's majesty and authority. This posture of worship and submission is a powerful reminder of the appropriate response to encountering the divine. It calls believers to approach God with humility and reverence, recognizing His greatness and our dependence on Him.

with eyes wide open
The phrase suggests a state of spiritual awareness and readiness to receive divine revelation. In Hebrew, "גָּלוּי עֵינַיִם" (galui einayim) implies clarity and openness. This imagery conveys the idea that Balaam's spiritual perception is unhindered, allowing him to fully grasp the vision from God. It serves as an inspiration for believers to seek spiritual clarity and openness, striving to remove any barriers that might hinder their understanding of God's will and purpose.

How beautiful
The phrase "How beautiful" in Numbers 24:5 is an expression of admiration and wonder. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "מַה־טֹּבוּ" (mah-tovu), which conveys a sense of goodness, pleasantness, and beauty. This expression is often used in the Hebrew Bible to describe something that is not only visually appealing but also morally and spiritually good. In the context of Balaam's prophecy, it reflects a divinely inspired recognition of the blessed state of Israel. The beauty here is not merely physical but encompasses the spiritual and communal harmony of the people of God.

are your tents, O Jacob
The "tents" of Jacob refer to the dwelling places of the Israelites. In the ancient Near Eastern context, tents were the primary form of habitation for nomadic peoples, including the Israelites during their wilderness wanderings. The mention of "Jacob" is significant as it recalls the patriarchal heritage of the Israelites, linking them to the promises given to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The tents symbolize the community and family life of the Israelites, highlighting their unity and the divine order within their society. This imagery evokes a sense of God's provision and protection over His chosen people.

your dwellings, O Israel!
The term "dwellings" (Hebrew: "מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶיךָ" - mishkenotecha) refers to more permanent structures than tents, suggesting a sense of stability and establishment. "O Israel" emphasizes the covenant identity of the people as those who have wrestled with God and prevailed, as seen in the account of Jacob's name change to Israel. This phrase underscores the fulfillment of God's promises to bring His people into a land of their own, where they can settle and thrive. The beauty of their dwellings is a testament to God's faithfulness and the blessings that come from living in accordance with His will. The imagery of beautiful dwellings serves as a metaphor for the spiritual beauty and order that God desires for His people.

Like palm groves that stretch out
The imagery of "palm groves" evokes a sense of beauty, prosperity, and peace. In the ancient Near East, palm trees were symbols of victory and triumph, often associated with oases in the desert, providing shade and sustenance. The Hebrew word for palm, "tamar," suggests uprightness and resilience. The phrase "that stretch out" implies expansiveness and abundance, indicating a flourishing and thriving community. This imagery reflects God's blessing upon Israel, portraying them as a people destined to grow and prosper under His care.

like gardens beside a stream
Gardens in biblical times were places of delight and fertility, often enclosed and carefully tended. The mention of "gardens beside a stream" suggests a source of life and continuous nourishment. Streams, or "nahal" in Hebrew, symbolize the sustenance and refreshment that come from God. This phrase highlights the divine provision and the spiritual vitality that God imparts to His people, ensuring their growth and fruitfulness.

like aloes the LORD has planted
Aloes, known for their fragrant and healing properties, were highly valued in the ancient world. The phrase "the LORD has planted" emphasizes divine intentionality and care. The Hebrew word for aloes, "ahalim," signifies rarity and preciousness. This imagery suggests that Israel is uniquely chosen and cherished by God, planted by His own hand to fulfill a special purpose. It underscores the idea of being set apart and nurtured by the Creator.

like cedars beside the waters
Cedars, particularly the famed cedars of Lebanon, were symbols of strength, durability, and majesty. The phrase "beside the waters" indicates a source of life and stability. In the Hebrew context, "cedars" (erez) were used in the construction of temples and palaces, signifying permanence and grandeur. This imagery conveys the idea of Israel as a strong and enduring nation, deeply rooted and sustained by God's provision. It reflects the covenant relationship between God and His people, promising them security and longevity.

Water will flow from his buckets
This phrase uses the imagery of abundance and prosperity. The Hebrew word for "water" (מַיִם, mayim) often symbolizes life, blessing, and sustenance in the Bible. In the arid climate of the ancient Near East, water was a precious resource, essential for survival and prosperity. The "buckets" suggest a vessel overflowing with water, indicating that Israel will be a source of blessing and abundance. Historically, this can be seen as a promise of fertility and growth for the nation of Israel, both physically and spiritually.

and his seed will have abundant water
The term "seed" (זֶרַע, zera) in Hebrew can refer to offspring or descendants, emphasizing the future generations of Israel. The promise of "abundant water" signifies not only physical prosperity but also spiritual blessings. This abundance is a divine provision, ensuring that the nation will thrive and multiply. In a broader scriptural context, this can be seen as a foreshadowing of the spiritual blessings that come through the lineage of Israel, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

His king will be greater than Agag
The reference to "his king" points to the leadership and sovereignty of Israel. "Agag" was a title for the kings of the Amalekites, a perennial enemy of Israel. The comparison indicates that Israel's king will surpass even the most powerful of their adversaries. Historically, this can be seen as a prophecy of the Davidic kingdom, where King David and his descendants would establish a powerful and enduring dynasty. Spiritually, it points to the ultimate kingship of Christ, who reigns supreme over all.

and his kingdom will be exalted
The exaltation of the kingdom signifies divine favor and victory. The Hebrew root for "exalted" (רוּם, rum) conveys the idea of being lifted up or elevated. This promise assures Israel of a prominent and respected position among the nations. In a broader theological context, it reflects God's covenant faithfulness to Israel and His plan to use them as a light to the nations. Ultimately, this exaltation finds its fulfillment in the Kingdom of God, inaugurated by Christ and extending to all who believe.

God brought him out of Egypt
This phrase highlights the divine intervention and deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. The Hebrew word for "God" here is "El," emphasizing the might and power of God as a deliverer. The historical context is the Exodus, a foundational event for Israel, symbolizing liberation and the beginning of a covenant relationship with God. This deliverance is a recurring theme in Scripture, reminding believers of God's faithfulness and power to save.

He is as strong as a wild ox
The comparison to a "wild ox" (Hebrew: "re'em") signifies immense strength and untamed power. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the wild ox was a symbol of might and virility. This imagery conveys the idea that Israel, under God's guidance, possesses formidable strength and resilience. It serves as an encouragement to believers that with God, they too can be strong and overcome challenges.

He devours nations, and crushes their bones
This vivid imagery speaks to the military victories and dominance that Israel, empowered by God, would achieve over its enemies. The act of devouring and crushing bones indicates total defeat and destruction. Historically, this reflects the conquests during the time of Joshua and the establishment of Israel in the Promised Land. Spiritually, it reassures believers of God's ultimate victory over evil.

He pierces them with his arrows
The use of arrows symbolizes precision and effectiveness in battle. In the ancient world, arrows were a key weapon in warfare, representing skill and the ability to strike from a distance. This phrase suggests that Israel's victories are not only due to brute strength but also strategic prowess granted by God. For Christians, it is a reminder of the spiritual armor and weapons provided by God to fight spiritual battles effectively.

He crouches, he lies down like a lion
This phrase evokes the imagery of a lion, a symbol of strength, majesty, and dominance in the ancient Near Eastern context. The Hebrew word for "lion" here is "אַרְיֵה" (aryeh), which is often used in the Old Testament to depict power and sovereignty. The act of crouching and lying down suggests a state of rest and confidence, indicating that Israel, like a lion, is secure and unthreatened by its enemies. This imagery is consistent with the portrayal of the tribe of Judah as a lion in Genesis 49:9, emphasizing the enduring strength and leadership of God's people.

like a lioness, who dares to rouse him?
The mention of a "lioness" (לָבִיא, lavi) further amplifies the image of formidable power and protective instincts. In the animal kingdom, lionesses are known for their fierce protection of their cubs and their role as hunters. This metaphor underscores the idea that Israel is not only strong but also fiercely protective of its own. The rhetorical question "who dares to rouse him?" challenges any potential adversary, highlighting the futility of opposing a nation under God's protection. Historically, this reflects the divine assurance given to Israel against its enemies, reinforcing the covenantal promise of God's unwavering support.

Blessed is everyone who blesses you
This part of the verse echoes the Abrahamic covenant found in Genesis 12:3, where God promises to bless those who bless Abraham and his descendants. The Hebrew word for "blessed" is "בָּרוּךְ" (baruch), which conveys a sense of divine favor and prosperity. This blessing is not merely a wish but a declaration of God's active involvement in the lives of those who align themselves with His chosen people. It serves as a reminder of the reciprocal nature of God's covenant, where blessings are extended to those who support and honor Israel.

and cursed is everyone who curses you
Conversely, the phrase "cursed is everyone who curses you" warns of the consequences of opposing God's people. The Hebrew word for "cursed" is "אָרוּר" (arur), indicating a state of being under divine disfavor or judgment. This part of the verse underscores the seriousness of standing against Israel, as it invites God's retribution. Historically, this has been seen in the downfall of nations and individuals who have sought to harm Israel, reinforcing the idea that God's promises are both protective and punitive. This duality of blessing and cursing serves as a powerful reminder of God's sovereignty and the importance of aligning oneself with His purposes.

Then Balak’s anger burned
The phrase "anger burned" is a vivid depiction of Balak's intense emotional response. In Hebrew, the word for anger is "אַף" (aph), which can also mean "nose" or "nostrils," suggesting the flaring of nostrils in anger. This imagery conveys the depth of Balak's frustration and rage. Historically, Balak, the king of Moab, was desperate to protect his kingdom from the Israelites, and his anger reflects the fear and helplessness of a leader whose plans are thwarted by divine intervention.

against Balaam
Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet, is a complex figure in the biblical narrative. His name in Hebrew, "בִּלְעָם" (Bil'am), can mean "not of the people" or "destroyer of the people," indicating his outsider status and potential for causing harm. Despite being hired to curse Israel, Balaam's encounters with God lead him to bless them instead. This highlights the sovereignty of God over human intentions and the futility of opposing His will.

and he struck his hands together
The act of striking hands together is a gesture of anger and frustration. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, such gestures were common expressions of strong emotions. This physical manifestation of Balak's anger underscores his impotence in the face of divine will. It serves as a reminder that human power is limited and ultimately subject to God's authority.

and said to him
Balak's words to Balaam are a direct confrontation. The Hebrew verb "אָמַר" (amar) means "to say" or "to speak," indicating a verbal expression of his inner turmoil. This interaction between Balak and Balaam is a pivotal moment, illustrating the clash between human desires and divine purposes.

I summoned you to curse my enemies
Balak's intent in summoning Balaam was clear: to invoke a curse upon the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "curse" is "קָבַב" (qavav), which implies invoking harm or misfortune. This reflects the ancient belief in the power of spoken words to affect reality. Balak's reliance on a curse reveals his desperation and lack of understanding of the true God, who had blessed Israel.

but behold
The word "behold" is translated from the Hebrew "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which serves as an attention-grabbing interjection. It emphasizes the unexpected nature of the situation. Despite Balak's intentions, the outcome is contrary to his desires, highlighting the surprising and often counterintuitive ways in which God works.

you have persisted in blessing them
The persistence in blessing, despite Balak's wishes, underscores the theme of divine faithfulness. The Hebrew word for "blessing" is "בָּרַךְ" (barak), which means to confer prosperity or favor. Balaam's repeated blessings demonstrate God's unwavering commitment to His covenant with Israel. This persistence is a testament to the unchangeable nature of God's promises.

these three times
The repetition of the blessing three times is significant. In biblical numerology, the number three often symbolizes completeness or perfection. This triadic structure reinforces the certainty and completeness of God's blessing upon Israel. It serves as a powerful reminder that God's plans are established and cannot be thwarted by human schemes.

“Now go home!”
This phrase is a direct command from Balak to Balaam, indicating a dismissal and a termination of their interaction. In the Hebrew text, the word for "go" is "לך" (lek), which is an imperative form, emphasizing the urgency and authority in Balak's voice. Historically, this reflects the cultural practices of ancient Near Eastern kings who had the power to summon and dismiss individuals at will. Balak's frustration is palpable, as he had hoped for a curse upon Israel, but instead received blessings. This command also signifies a turning point, where Balaam's role in the narrative concludes, and the focus shifts back to Israel's journey.

“I said I would richly reward you,”
Balak's statement here reveals his initial intentions and expectations. The Hebrew word for "reward" is "כבד" (kaved), which can also mean "to honor" or "to make heavy," implying substantial wealth or honor. This reflects the ancient practice of kings and leaders offering significant rewards for services rendered, especially those involving divine or prophetic intervention. Balak's disappointment is evident, as he had promised Balaam great wealth in exchange for cursing Israel, highlighting the transactional nature of their relationship and the futility of attempting to manipulate divine will for personal gain.

“but instead the LORD has denied you any reward.”
This phrase underscores the sovereignty of God over human intentions and plans. The Hebrew word for "denied" is "מנע" (mana), meaning to withhold or restrain. This indicates that despite Balak's willingness to reward Balaam, it is ultimately God who controls the outcome. The use of "the LORD" (YHWH) emphasizes the covenantal name of God, reminding the reader of His faithfulness to Israel and His ultimate authority over all nations and their rulers. This serves as a powerful reminder that human plans are subordinate to divine purposes, and that true reward comes from obedience to God's will rather than human schemes.

Balaam answered Balak
This phrase introduces us to Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet, who is responding to Balak, the king of Moab. The Hebrew root for "answered" (עָנָה, 'anah) implies a response or reply, often in a formal or significant context. Balaam's response is not just casual; it carries weight and authority. Historically, Balaam is a complex figure, known for his ability to communicate with God despite not being an Israelite. His interaction with Balak highlights the tension between divine will and human desire, as Balak seeks to manipulate Balaam to curse Israel.

Did I not also tell
This phrase underscores Balaam's consistency and integrity. The Hebrew word for "tell" (אָמַר, 'amar) is often used in the context of declaring or affirming something with certainty. Balaam reminds Balak of his previous statements, emphasizing that he has been transparent and truthful from the beginning. This reflects a broader biblical theme of the importance of truthfulness and the reliability of God's messengers.

the messengers you sent me
Here, Balaam refers to the emissaries sent by Balak. The term "messengers" (מַלְאָךְ, mal'akh) can also mean "angels" or "envoys," indicating individuals who carry a message or mission. In the ancient Near Eastern context, messengers were crucial for communication between leaders and nations. Balaam's reference to them highlights the formal and serious nature of the negotiations between him and Balak. It also serves as a reminder of the chain of communication and the importance of delivering messages accurately, a principle that resonates with the biblical emphasis on faithful transmission of God's word.

Even if Balak were to give me his house full of silver and gold
This phrase highlights the immense wealth that Balak, the king of Moab, possessed and was willing to offer to Balaam. The mention of a "house full of silver and gold" signifies not just material wealth but also the temptation of earthly riches. In the Hebrew context, wealth was often seen as a sign of God's blessing, yet here it is used as a test of Balaam's integrity. The phrase challenges the reader to consider the value of spiritual obedience over material gain, echoing the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament about the dangers of wealth.

I could not go beyond the command of the LORD
This part of the verse underscores Balaam's acknowledgment of God's ultimate authority. The Hebrew word for "command" (דָּבָר, davar) can also mean "word" or "matter," emphasizing the power and finality of God's instructions. Balaam's statement is a declaration of submission to divine will, reminding believers of the importance of aligning their actions with God's commands, regardless of personal desires or external pressures.

to do either good or evil of my own will
Here, Balaam admits his inability to act independently of God's will, whether for "good or evil." The phrase reflects the biblical principle that true moral action is not determined by human will but by adherence to God's standards. The Hebrew words for "good" (טוֹב, tov) and "evil" (רַע, ra) are often used in the Old Testament to describe actions that align or conflict with God's nature. This highlights the importance of seeking divine guidance in all decisions.

I must say only what the LORD says
This final phrase reinforces the prophetic role of Balaam, who is bound to speak only what God reveals. The emphasis on "only what the LORD says" serves as a reminder of the sacred responsibility of those who speak on behalf of God. In the broader biblical narrative, this reflects the theme of prophetic integrity and the danger of false prophecy. It calls believers to discernment and faithfulness in conveying God's truth, a principle that remains relevant in contemporary Christian witness.

And now behold, I am going to my people
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in Balaam's narrative. The Hebrew word for "behold" is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which is often used to draw attention to something significant. Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet, acknowledges his departure, indicating a transition from his role as a seer for hire to returning to his own people. This phrase underscores the temporary nature of his mission and the divine orchestration behind his prophecies. Historically, Balaam's acknowledgment of returning to his people signifies the end of his involvement with Israel, highlighting the sovereignty of God in using even those outside His covenant community to fulfill His purposes.

Come, let me warn you
The word "warn" in Hebrew is "יָעַץ" (ya'ats), which can also mean to advise or counsel. Balaam, despite his previous attempts to curse Israel, is now compelled to offer counsel. This shift from cursing to advising reflects a divine intervention where God turns intended curses into blessings. Theologically, this demonstrates God's protective hand over Israel and His ability to use any situation for His glory. Balaam's role as a counselor here is ironic, given his initial intentions, yet it serves as a reminder of God's ultimate control over human affairs.

what this people will do to your people
The phrase "this people" refers to the Israelites, while "your people" refers to the Moabites and their allies. The Hebrew word for "people" is "עַם" (am), which denotes a nation or group bound by common identity. Balaam's prophecy is not just a prediction but a divine revelation of the future interactions between these nations. Historically, this foreshadows the eventual conflicts and the dominance of Israel over its neighbors. Scripturally, it emphasizes the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham regarding his descendants' impact on other nations. This prophetic insight serves as a warning and a testament to God's faithfulness to His covenant people.

in the days to come
The Hebrew phrase "בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים" (be'acharit hayamim) is often translated as "in the latter days" or "in the end times." This phrase is eschatological, pointing to future events that extend beyond the immediate context. In a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a foreshadowing of the Messianic age and the ultimate fulfillment of God's redemptive plan through Jesus Christ. The use of this phrase connects Balaam's prophecy to the broader biblical narrative of God's unfolding plan for humanity, culminating in the establishment of His kingdom. It serves as a reminder of the hope and assurance believers have in God's sovereign plan for the future.

Then Balaam delivered this oracle
The word "oracle" in Hebrew is "מַשָּׂא" (massa), which often denotes a burden or a message from God. In the context of the Old Testament, an oracle is a divine communication, often carrying significant weight and authority. Balaam, though a non-Israelite, is used by God to deliver His message, demonstrating that God can use anyone to fulfill His purposes. This highlights the sovereignty of God and His ability to communicate His will through unexpected means.

The oracle of Balaam son of Beor
Balaam, whose name means "devourer" or "destroyer," is a complex figure in the Bible. He is a prophet for hire, yet God uses him to bless Israel instead of cursing them as Balak, the Moabite king, desired. The mention of "son of Beor" provides a historical and genealogical context, grounding Balaam in a specific lineage. This emphasizes the historical reality of the narrative and the authenticity of the events described.

the oracle of the man whose eyes are open
The phrase "whose eyes are open" suggests a spiritual awakening or enlightenment. In Hebrew, the word for "open" is "גָּלוּי" (galui), indicating revelation or insight. Balaam's eyes being open signifies that he has received divine insight, allowing him to see beyond the physical realm into the spiritual truths God is revealing. This phrase underscores the theme of divine revelation and the importance of spiritual perception in understanding God's will. It serves as a reminder that true insight comes from God, and those who seek Him with open hearts and minds will receive His guidance and wisdom.

The oracle of one who hears the words of God
This phrase introduces the speaker as a true prophet, one who is attuned to divine communication. The Hebrew word for "oracle" is "מַשָּׂא" (massa), which can also mean a burden or a message. This suggests that the words spoken are not merely human insights but carry the weight and authority of divine revelation. In the context of Numbers, Balaam, despite his initial intentions, becomes a vessel for God's message, illustrating that true prophecy is not self-generated but received from God. This highlights the importance of being receptive to God's voice, a theme echoed throughout Scripture, where the faithful are encouraged to listen and obey God's word.

who has knowledge from the Most High
The phrase "knowledge from the Most High" underscores the source of true wisdom and understanding. The term "Most High" is translated from the Hebrew "עֶלְיוֹן" (Elyon), a title for God that emphasizes His supreme authority and sovereignty over all creation. This title is used throughout the Old Testament to denote God's exalted status above all other gods and powers. The knowledge referred to here is not mere intellectual understanding but a deep, spiritual insight granted by God Himself. It is a reminder that true wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10) and that any genuine understanding of the divine must be revealed by God.

who sees a vision from the Almighty
The word "vision" in Hebrew is "חָזוֹן" (chazon), which implies a divine revelation or insight that is often visual in nature. The term "Almighty" is translated from "שַׁדַּי" (Shaddai), another name for God that conveys His power and might. This phrase indicates that the speaker has been granted a supernatural glimpse into God's plans and purposes. In the biblical narrative, visions are often used by God to communicate His will to His prophets, providing guidance, warning, or encouragement. This highlights the role of the prophet as one who is given special insight into the divine realm, tasked with conveying God's message to His people.

who falls prostrate
The act of falling prostrate is a physical expression of reverence, submission, and worship. In Hebrew, the word "נָפַל" (naphal) means to fall or to be cast down. This posture is often associated with encountering the divine presence, as seen in various biblical accounts where individuals fall to the ground in awe and humility before God (e.g., Ezekiel 1:28, Revelation 1:17). It signifies the prophet's acknowledgment of God's holiness and authority, as well as his own unworthiness. This act of worship is a powerful reminder of the appropriate response to God's revelation—humility and reverence.

with eyes wide open
The phrase "eyes wide open" suggests a state of heightened awareness and clarity. In Hebrew, the word "גָּלוּי" (galui) means uncovered or revealed. This implies that the prophet's spiritual eyes have been opened to perceive the truth of God's message. It contrasts with spiritual blindness, a condition often attributed to those who reject or are ignorant of God's revelation. The open eyes of the prophet symbolize a readiness to receive and understand God's will, emphasizing the importance of spiritual perception in discerning divine truth. This serves as an encouragement for believers to seek spiritual insight and understanding through prayer and study of the Scriptures.

I see him, but not now
This phrase indicates a prophetic vision, a glimpse into the future. The Hebrew word for "see" is "ra'ah," which often implies not just physical sight but spiritual insight or revelation. Balaam, the speaker, is granted a vision of a future event, emphasizing the divine nature of prophecy. The phrase "but not now" suggests that the fulfillment of this vision is distant, reinforcing the idea that God's plans unfold in His perfect timing, beyond human understanding.

I behold him, but not near
The word "behold" in Hebrew is "shur," which can mean to look intently or to observe with purpose. This suggests a deeper, more focused observation than mere seeing. The phrase "but not near" further emphasizes the temporal distance of the prophecy's fulfillment. It serves as a reminder of the patience required in faith, trusting that God's promises will come to pass even if they are not immediate.

A star will come out of Jacob
The "star" is a symbol of a coming ruler or a significant figure. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, stars were often associated with deities or kings. The Hebrew word "kokab" for "star" can also imply brightness or a guiding light. This prophecy is traditionally understood to refer to the coming of the Messiah, a guiding light for the people. "Jacob" refers to the nation of Israel, descended from the patriarch Jacob, indicating that this ruler will arise from the Jewish people.

and a scepter will rise out of Israel
The "scepter" is a symbol of authority and kingship. The Hebrew word "shebet" can mean both a rod and a tribe, suggesting both leadership and the unification of the tribes of Israel under a single ruler. This imagery points to a future king who will have dominion and authority, often interpreted as a messianic prophecy pointing to Jesus Christ, who is seen as the ultimate fulfillment of this promise.

He will crush the foreheads of Moab
The phrase "crush the foreheads" uses the Hebrew word "machats," meaning to strike or shatter. This indicates a decisive victory or judgment. Moab, a neighboring nation often in conflict with Israel, represents opposition to God's people. This prophecy foretells the defeat of Israel's enemies, symbolizing the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom over all opposition.

and strike down all the sons of Sheth
The "sons of Sheth" is a more obscure reference, with "Sheth" possibly referring to a group or a symbolic representation of chaos and disorder. The Hebrew word "qarqar" for "strike down" implies destruction or subjugation. This part of the prophecy suggests a comprehensive victory over all forces that stand against God's chosen ruler, reinforcing the theme of divine justice and the establishment of God's order.

Edom will become a possession
In this phrase, the prophecy speaks of Edom, a nation descended from Esau, Jacob's brother. Historically, Edom was often in conflict with Israel, and this prophecy foretells its subjugation. The Hebrew root for "possession" is "yarash," which implies taking control or inheriting. This suggests a divine orchestration where Israel, as God's chosen people, will ultimately triumph over its adversaries. The historical context reveals that Edom was indeed subdued by Israel during the reigns of David and Solomon, fulfilling this prophecy. This serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His faithfulness to His promises.

Seir will be conquered
Seir, another name for the region inhabited by the Edomites, is mentioned here. The Hebrew word for "conquered" is "yarash," similar to "possession," indicating a complete takeover. This reflects the biblical theme of God's justice and the eventual downfall of those who oppose His people. The historical conquest of Seir by Israel is a testament to God's power and His ability to fulfill His word. It also serves as a metaphor for spiritual victory over sin and opposition in the life of a believer.

but Israel will perform with valor
The phrase highlights Israel's role in this divine plan. The Hebrew word for "valor" is "chayil," which denotes strength, efficiency, and capability. This suggests that Israel's success is not merely due to military might but is empowered by God's strength. The historical victories of Israel, despite often being outnumbered or outmatched, underscore this divine empowerment. For believers, this is an inspirational reminder that true strength and success come from reliance on God, who equips His people to perform valiantly in the face of challenges.

A ruler
The phrase "A ruler" in this context refers to a leader or king who will emerge from the lineage of Jacob. The Hebrew word used here is "מושל" (moshel), which implies someone with authority and dominion. Historically, this is seen as a prophetic reference to a future leader who will have significant influence and power. In a broader theological context, many conservative Christian scholars interpret this as a messianic prophecy pointing to Jesus Christ, who is seen as the ultimate ruler from the line of Jacob, fulfilling God's promise of a savior and king.

will come
The phrase "will come" indicates a future event, suggesting anticipation and certainty in the fulfillment of this prophecy. The Hebrew verb "יבוא" (yavo) conveys the idea of arrival or coming forth. This reflects the biblical theme of God's promises being fulfilled in His perfect timing. The expectation of a coming ruler is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, pointing to God's sovereign plan and the hope of redemption and restoration for His people.

from Jacob
"From Jacob" signifies the lineage and heritage of the ruler. Jacob, later named Israel, is the patriarch of the twelve tribes of Israel. This phrase emphasizes the continuity of God's covenant with the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It underscores the importance of the Abrahamic covenant and God's faithfulness to His promises. Theologically, it highlights the chosen nature of Israel and the special role they play in God's redemptive history.

and destroy
The word "destroy" comes from the Hebrew "והאביד" (vehe'evad), meaning to annihilate or bring to ruin. This indicates a decisive and complete action against the enemies of God's people. In the historical context, it reflects the divine judgment that will be executed through this ruler. From a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ's ultimate victory over sin and evil, where He will establish His kingdom and bring justice.

the survivors
"The survivors" refers to those who remain after a significant event or judgment. The Hebrew word "שארית" (she'erit) often denotes a remnant or those left behind. In biblical history, the concept of a remnant is significant, as it often represents those who are spared by God's mercy. This phrase suggests that even those who survive initial judgments will not escape the ultimate justice brought by the ruler from Jacob.

of the city
"Of the city" points to a specific location or group of people. In the ancient Near Eastern context, cities were often centers of power and rebellion against God. The Hebrew word "עיר" (ir) can refer to any fortified settlement. This phrase implies that the ruler's dominion and judgment will extend to all areas of opposition. In a broader spiritual sense, it symbolizes the comprehensive nature of God's justice and the establishment of His righteous rule over all creation.

Then Balaam saw Amalek
The phrase begins with "Then Balaam saw Amalek," indicating a moment of divine revelation. Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet, is granted a vision concerning Amalek. The Hebrew root for "saw" is "ra'ah," which implies not just physical sight but a deeper, spiritual insight. This suggests that Balaam's vision is divinely inspired, offering a glimpse into God's sovereign plan. Amalek, a perennial enemy of Israel, is highlighted here, reminding us of the historical enmity that began when the Amalekites attacked the Israelites shortly after the Exodus (Exodus 17:8-16).

and lifted up an oracle
The phrase "lifted up an oracle" signifies the formal proclamation of a divine message. The Hebrew word for "oracle" is "mashal," often translated as a parable or prophetic utterance. This indicates that Balaam's words are not his own but are inspired by God. In the biblical context, an oracle is a solemn declaration, often concerning future events, and is meant to convey God's will and purpose.

saying 'Amalek was first among the nations
The statement "Amalek was first among the nations" can be understood in several ways. Historically, the Amalekites were among the first to oppose Israel, as seen in their attack during the Exodus. The Hebrew word for "first" is "reshit," which can mean first in time, rank, or importance. This could imply that Amalek was a significant power or a primary adversary of Israel. Theologically, it underscores the persistent opposition to God's people, symbolizing the broader spiritual battle between good and evil.

but his end shall be destruction
The phrase "but his end shall be destruction" is a prophetic declaration of Amalek's ultimate fate. The Hebrew word for "destruction" is "oved," which conveys a sense of complete annihilation or obliteration. This prophecy was fulfilled when the Amalekites were eventually defeated and erased as a distinct people, as seen in 1 Samuel 15 and later historical accounts. From a conservative Christian perspective, this serves as a reminder of God's justice and the eventual triumph of His purposes over those who oppose Him. It also foreshadows the ultimate victory of Christ over all evil, as promised in the eschatological hope of the New Testament.

Next he saw the Kenites
The Kenites were a nomadic tribe mentioned several times in the Old Testament. Their name is derived from the Hebrew root "קין" (Qayin), which is also the name of Cain, suggesting a possible connection to metalworking or smithing, as Cain's descendants were known for. Historically, the Kenites were associated with the Midianites and were known for their peaceful coexistence with Israel. This phrase indicates Balaam's prophetic vision, where he acknowledges the Kenites' presence and significance among the tribes.

and lifted up his oracle
The term "oracle" in Hebrew is "מָשָׁל" (mashal), which can mean a proverb, parable, or prophetic utterance. In this context, it signifies a divinely inspired message. Balaam, though a non-Israelite prophet, is used by God to deliver a message. This highlights the sovereignty of God in using various means and people to fulfill His purposes, emphasizing that divine truth can transcend human boundaries.

Your dwelling place is secure
The Hebrew word for "secure" is "אֵיתָן" (etan), meaning enduring or strong. This phrase suggests stability and safety, indicating that the Kenites had established a strong and lasting settlement. In a spiritual sense, it reflects the idea of finding security in God, who is often referred to as a rock or fortress in the Bible. The Kenites' secure dwelling symbolizes the peace and protection that comes from aligning with God's will.

and your nest is set in a rock
The imagery of a "nest" set in a "rock" conveys a sense of safety and permanence. The Hebrew word for "rock" is "סֶלַע" (sela), often used metaphorically in Scripture to represent strength and refuge. This phrase can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual security found in God, who is described as a rock in Psalms and other biblical texts. The Kenites' choice of a rock for their nest signifies wisdom and foresight, as building on a solid foundation ensures protection against external threats.

Yet Kain
The term "Kain" refers to a clan or group of people, possibly linked to the Kenites, who were known to have settled in the region. The Kenites were a nomadic tribe, often associated with the Midianites, and were known for their metalworking skills. In the Hebrew text, "Kain" is rendered as קַיִן (Qayin), which is the same as the name of Cain, the son of Adam. This connection may suggest a historical or symbolic link to themes of wandering and exile, as Cain was marked and sent to wander the earth. The mention of Kain here serves as a reminder of the transient nature of human settlements and the divine orchestration of history.

will be destroyed
The phrase "will be destroyed" indicates a future judgment or downfall. The Hebrew word used here is אָבַד (avad), which means to perish, vanish, or be lost. This word often conveys a sense of complete and utter destruction, emphasizing the finality of God's judgment. In the biblical narrative, destruction is often a consequence of disobedience or opposition to God's will. The prophetic nature of this statement underscores the certainty of God's plans and the inevitable fulfillment of His word.

when Asshur takes you captive
"Asshur" refers to the Assyrian Empire, a dominant power in the ancient Near East known for its military prowess and expansive conquests. The Assyrians were often instruments of God's judgment against nations, including Israel and Judah, when they strayed from His commandments. The Hebrew term אַשּׁוּר (Ashur) not only denotes the nation but also the deity worshiped by the Assyrians, highlighting the cultural and religious context of the time. The phrase "takes you captive" speaks to the historical practice of deportation and exile, a common fate for conquered peoples. This captivity serves as a metaphor for spiritual bondage and the consequences of turning away from God. The prophetic warning here is a call to repentance and faithfulness, reminding the audience of the sovereignty of God over all nations and the ultimate hope of redemption through His divine plan.

Then Balaam uttered this oracle
The phrase "Then Balaam uttered this oracle:" introduces a prophetic declaration from Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet. The Hebrew word for "oracle" is "מָשָׁל" (mashal), which can mean a proverb, parable, or a prophetic utterance. In the context of the ancient Near East, oracles were considered divine messages, often delivered by individuals believed to have a special connection with the divine. Balaam, though not an Israelite, is used by God to deliver His message, demonstrating that God’s sovereignty extends beyond the boundaries of Israel. This highlights the theme of God’s universal authority and His ability to use anyone to fulfill His purposes.

Alas, who can live
The word "Alas" is an expression of lament or sorrow, indicating the gravity of the message that follows. It suggests a sense of impending doom or unavoidable fate. The phrase "who can live" poses a rhetorical question, emphasizing the inevitability of the events prophesied. In Hebrew, the word for "live" is "חָיָה" (chayah), which means to live or to have life. This phrase underscores the power and certainty of God’s will, suggesting that no one can escape the divine plan that is about to unfold. It serves as a reminder of human frailty in the face of God’s omnipotence.

unless God has willed it?
The phrase "unless God has willed it?" points to the sovereignty of God over life and death. The Hebrew root for "willed" is "שׂוּם" (sum), meaning to place, set, or ordain. This highlights the belief that God is the ultimate authority who determines the course of human events. In the biblical narrative, this serves as a reassurance to the Israelites of God’s control over their destiny, as well as a warning to their enemies. It reflects the theological conviction that nothing happens outside of God’s will, reinforcing the idea of divine providence and the futility of resisting God’s plans.

Ships will come
The phrase "ships will come" suggests a movement or invasion from a distant place. In the Hebrew text, the word for "ships" is "אֳנִיּוֹת" (oniyyot), which often denotes large sea vessels used for trade or war. Historically, ships were a symbol of power and exploration, indicating a formidable force approaching. This imagery evokes the idea of an impending threat or change, as ships often brought new cultures, ideas, or conflicts.

from the coast of Kittim
"Kittim" refers to a region associated with the descendants of Javan, traditionally identified with Cyprus or the broader Mediterranean area. The Hebrew "כִּתִּים" (Kittim) is often linked to maritime peoples. Archaeologically, Kittim represents a hub of ancient seafaring civilizations, suggesting that the prophecy involves a powerful, seafaring nation. This highlights the interconnectedness of ancient cultures and the influence of distant lands on Israel's history.

they will subdue Asshur
"Asshur" is the Hebrew "אַשּׁוּר" (Ashur), referring to the Assyrian Empire, a dominant force in the ancient Near East. The prophecy that these ships will "subdue Asshur" indicates a significant geopolitical shift. Historically, Assyria was known for its military prowess and expansive empire. The subjugation of Asshur implies a reversal of power, where even the mightiest empires are not immune to divine orchestration and judgment.

and Eber
"Eber" in Hebrew is "עֵבֶר" (Eber), traditionally considered an ancestor of the Hebrews. This term can also represent a broader group of Semitic peoples. The mention of Eber alongside Asshur suggests a widespread impact of the coming force, affecting both the oppressors and the descendants of Eber. It serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of nations and the overarching sovereignty of God in the affairs of humanity.

but they too will perish forever
The phrase "but they too will perish forever" underscores the transient nature of earthly powers. The Hebrew "וְגַם־הוּא עֲדֵי־אֹבֵד" (vegam-hu adei-oved) conveys a sense of finality and divine judgment. This prophetic declaration serves as a sobering reminder that no matter how powerful a nation may seem, it is ultimately subject to God's eternal plan. The phrase inspires believers to place their trust not in temporal powers but in the eternal sovereignty of God, who holds history in His hands.

Then Balaam arose
The phrase "Then Balaam arose" signifies a decisive action taken by Balaam. The Hebrew root for "arose" is "קוּם" (qum), which often implies rising up with purpose or intention. In the context of the narrative, Balaam's arising marks the conclusion of his prophetic mission. Despite Balak's expectations, Balaam has delivered blessings instead of curses upon Israel, as directed by God. This moment of arising can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual awakening or obedience to divine will, emphasizing the importance of aligning one's actions with God's purposes.

and returned to his homeland
The phrase "and returned to his homeland" indicates Balaam's departure from the scene of his prophecies. The Hebrew word for "returned" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to turn back or return. This return signifies a closure to Balaam's involvement in the narrative. Historically, Balaam's homeland is believed to be in the region of Mesopotamia, possibly near the Euphrates River. His return symbolizes a retreat from the divine encounter and a return to his previous life, highlighting the transient nature of his role in God's plan.

and Balak also went on his way
The phrase "and Balak also went on his way" reflects Balak's resignation to the outcome of his encounter with Balaam. The Hebrew word for "went" is "הָלַךְ" (halak), which means to walk or proceed. Balak's departure signifies his acceptance of the situation, albeit with disappointment. Historically, Balak was the king of Moab, and his desire to curse Israel stemmed from fear of their growing power. His going on his way underscores the futility of opposing God's will and serves as a reminder of the sovereignty of God over the affairs of nations and individuals.