In that day
This phrase often signals a prophetic vision, pointing to a future time of fulfillment. In the context of Isaiah, "that day" frequently refers to the eschatological day of the Lord, a time when God will intervene decisively in human history. The Hebrew term "bayyom hahu" suggests a specific, divinely appointed time, emphasizing God's sovereignty over history and His ultimate plan for redemption and restoration.

this song
The use of "song" here indicates a hymn of praise and thanksgiving. In ancient Israel, songs were a vital part of worship and communal memory, often recounting God's mighty acts and promises. This particular song is a celebration of God's deliverance and faithfulness. The Hebrew word "shir" implies a joyful and triumphant expression, reflecting the deep gratitude and reverence of the people.

will be sung
The future tense "will be sung" underscores the certainty of the prophecy. It is not merely a hope but a guaranteed event. Singing was a communal activity in ancient Israel, suggesting that this song will be a collective expression of joy and unity among God's people. The act of singing also signifies the transformation from mourning to joy, from despair to hope.

in the land of Judah
Judah, the southern kingdom, holds significant historical and theological importance. It is the land of the Davidic line, from which the Messiah is prophesied to come. The mention of Judah highlights God's covenant faithfulness to His people and His promises to David. It also serves as a reminder of the centrality of Jerusalem, the city of God, in His redemptive plan.

We have a strong city
The "strong city" symbolizes security, protection, and divine presence. In the ancient Near East, cities were fortified places of refuge. This imagery conveys the idea of God as a fortress and protector of His people. The strength of the city is not in its physical walls but in the presence and power of God. It reflects the ultimate safety and peace found in God's kingdom.

He sets up salvation
The phrase "sets up salvation" indicates God's active role in establishing deliverance for His people. The Hebrew word "yeshuah" for salvation is closely related to the name Yeshua (Jesus), pointing to the ultimate salvation through Christ. This salvation is not just a physical deliverance but a comprehensive restoration of relationship with God.

as walls and ramparts
Walls and ramparts were essential for the defense of ancient cities. Here, they metaphorically represent God's protection and the impenetrable security He provides. The imagery suggests that God's salvation is both a defense against external threats and a source of internal peace. It emphasizes the completeness and sufficiency of God's provision for His people.

Open the gates
The phrase "Open the gates" is a call to action, symbolizing an invitation to enter into a place of safety, peace, and divine presence. In the ancient Near Eastern context, city gates were not only physical barriers but also places of judgment and commerce. Spiritually, this can be seen as an invitation to enter into the Kingdom of God. The Hebrew word for "open" (פָּתַח, patach) implies a welcoming gesture, suggesting that God desires His people to come into His presence freely. The gates represent access to God's blessings and protection, reminiscent of the gates of the New Jerusalem in Revelation 21:25, which are never shut.

that the righteous nation
The "righteous nation" refers to a people who live according to God's laws and principles. In Hebrew, "righteous" (צַדִּיק, tzaddik) conveys the idea of being just, lawful, and in right standing with God. Historically, Israel was called to be a holy nation, set apart for God's purposes (Exodus 19:6). This phrase emphasizes the communal aspect of righteousness, where a collective group of people, not just individuals, are living in accordance with God's will. It points to the ultimate fulfillment in the Church, the body of believers who are made righteous through faith in Christ.

may enter
The act of entering signifies acceptance and inclusion. In the biblical context, entering through gates often meant coming into a place of refuge or worship. The Hebrew verb "enter" (בּוֹא, bo) suggests movement towards a goal or destination. This is not just a physical entry but a spiritual one, where the righteous are granted access to God's presence and the blessings that come with it. It reflects the promise of eternal life and fellowship with God, as seen in John 10:9, where Jesus describes Himself as the gate through which His sheep enter and find pasture.

the nation that keeps faith
This phrase highlights the importance of faithfulness and trust in God. The Hebrew word for "keeps" (שָׁמַר, shamar) means to guard, protect, or observe. It implies a diligent and active commitment to maintaining one's faith. "Faith" (אֱמוּנָה, emunah) in Hebrew encompasses trust, fidelity, and steadfastness. Historically, Israel was called to be faithful to the covenant with God, and this call extends to all believers who are to live by faith (Habakkuk 2:4). This phrase underscores the idea that true righteousness is not just about outward actions but also about an inward, unwavering trust in God. It is a reminder that faithfulness is rewarded with the privilege of entering into God's eternal kingdom.

You will keep
The phrase "You will keep" signifies God's active role in maintaining and preserving. The Hebrew root for "keep" is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), which means to guard, watch over, or preserve. This word is often used in the context of God's covenantal faithfulness, where He promises to protect and sustain His people. In the historical context of Isaiah, this assurance would have been particularly comforting to the Israelites, who faced threats from surrounding nations. The promise of divine protection underscores God's sovereignty and His personal involvement in the lives of His followers.

in perfect peace
The term "perfect peace" is a translation of the Hebrew phrase "שָׁלוֹם שָׁלוֹם" (shalom shalom), which literally means "peace peace." The repetition emphasizes completeness and fullness. "Shalom" encompasses not just the absence of conflict but a holistic sense of well-being, prosperity, and harmony. In the scriptural context, this peace is a divine gift, transcending human understanding and circumstances. It reflects the peace that comes from a right relationship with God, aligning with the New Testament teaching in Philippians 4:7 about the peace of God guarding our hearts and minds.

whose mind is stayed
The phrase "whose mind is stayed" refers to a steadfastness or firmness of purpose. The Hebrew word "סָמוּךְ" (samukh) implies being supported or upheld. This suggests a mind that is firmly anchored and reliant on God, not swayed by external pressures or internal doubts. In the historical context, this steadfastness would have been crucial for the Israelites, who were often tempted to turn to idols or foreign alliances for security. Spiritually, it calls believers to focus their thoughts and trust on God, echoing the New Testament exhortation in Colossians 3:2 to set our minds on things above.

on You
The focus "on You" directs attention to God as the object of trust and reliance. This personal pronoun emphasizes the relational aspect of faith, where God is not an abstract concept but a personal being who desires a relationship with His people. In the context of Isaiah, this would remind the Israelites of their unique covenant relationship with Yahweh, contrasting with the surrounding nations' reliance on false gods. For contemporary believers, it underscores the importance of a personal, intimate relationship with God, where He is the center of our trust and devotion.

because he trusts in You
The phrase "because he trusts in You" highlights the reason for the perfect peace promised earlier. The Hebrew root "בָּטַח" (batach) means to trust, be confident, or feel secure. This trust is not a passive feeling but an active reliance on God's character and promises. Historically, this trust would have been a call to the Israelites to depend on God rather than political alliances or military strength. For believers today, it is a reminder that true security and peace come from trusting in God's unchanging nature and His faithfulness to His promises, as seen throughout Scripture.

Trust in the LORD
The Hebrew word for "trust" is "batach," which conveys a sense of confidence, security, and reliance. In the context of Isaiah, this trust is not a temporary or situational feeling but a deep, abiding confidence in God's character and promises. Historically, the Israelites were often tempted to place their trust in political alliances or military strength, but Isaiah calls them to a radical dependence on God alone. This trust is foundational to a life of faith, as it acknowledges God's sovereignty and faithfulness.

forever
The Hebrew word "olam" is used here, which can mean "eternity" or "a long duration." This emphasizes the perpetual nature of our trust in God. It is not just for the present moment or a specific circumstance but is meant to be an enduring, lifelong commitment. The call to trust God forever reflects the eternal nature of God Himself and His unchanging promises. In a world where everything is transient, this verse invites believers to anchor their faith in the eternal God.

for the LORD GOD
The phrase "LORD GOD" in Hebrew is "Yahweh Jehovah," a combination of two of the most significant names for God in the Old Testament. "Yahweh" is the personal name of God, often associated with His covenant faithfulness and His revelation to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). "Jehovah" is a Latinized form of "Yahweh," emphasizing His eternal existence and self-sufficiency. Together, these names underscore God's reliability and His commitment to His people. This dual name serves as a powerful reminder of God's personal involvement in the lives of His followers and His ultimate authority over all creation.

is the Rock eternal
The metaphor of God as a "Rock" is rich with meaning. In Hebrew, the word "tsur" is used, which signifies strength, stability, and protection. Throughout the Old Testament, God is often depicted as a rock, symbolizing His unchanging nature and His role as a refuge for His people (e.g., Deuteronomy 32:4, Psalm 18:2). The addition of "eternal" (Hebrew "olam") reinforces the idea that God's strength and reliability are not limited by time. In the ancient Near Eastern context, rocks were seen as symbols of permanence and safety, providing shelter and a foundation. This imagery assures believers that God is their unshakeable foundation, offering security and hope in an ever-changing world.

He has humbled
The phrase "He has humbled" refers to the divine action of God bringing down those who are proud or exalted in their own eyes. The Hebrew root word here is "שָׁפֵל" (shafel), which means to bring low or to abase. This action is consistent with the biblical theme that God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6). Historically, this reflects God's dealings with nations and individuals who exalt themselves against His will, demonstrating His sovereignty and justice.

those who dwell on high
This phrase signifies individuals or groups who occupy positions of power, authority, or pride. The imagery of "dwelling on high" suggests a sense of security and self-sufficiency, often associated with fortified cities or high places of worship. In the ancient Near Eastern context, high places were often sites of idolatry and rebellion against God. Theologically, this serves as a reminder that no earthly power can stand against the purposes of God.

the lofty city
The "lofty city" symbolizes human pride and self-reliance, often depicted in Scripture as a city with high walls and strong defenses. In Isaiah's time, cities like Babylon and Tyre were known for their grandeur and arrogance. Theologically, this represents any human system or institution that sets itself against God. The fall of such cities throughout history serves as a testament to God's ultimate authority over human affairs.

He lays it low
This phrase emphasizes God's active role in bringing down the proud and the powerful. The repetition of the action "lays it low" underscores the certainty and completeness of God's judgment. The Hebrew verb "שָׁפֵל" (shafel) is used again, reinforcing the theme of divine humbling. This serves as a warning to those who trust in their own strength and a comfort to the oppressed, assuring them that God will act on their behalf.

He casts it to the ground
The imagery of casting to the ground conveys total destruction and humiliation. This is not merely a reduction in status but a complete overthrow. In biblical history, this can be seen in the fall of cities like Jericho and Babylon, where God's judgment was executed decisively. Spiritually, it reminds believers that God will ultimately triumph over all forms of evil and rebellion.

He brings it down to the dust
The finality of "brings it down to the dust" signifies utter defeat and desolation. Dust is often associated with death and mourning in Scripture, symbolizing the end of pride and self-exaltation. Theologically, this points to the eschatological hope that all things opposed to God will be brought to nothing, paving the way for His kingdom of righteousness and peace. This serves as an encouragement for believers to remain humble and faithful, trusting in God's ultimate justice.

The foot will trample it
This phrase begins with "The foot," which in biblical symbolism often represents dominion, authority, and conquest. In the Hebrew context, the foot is a metaphor for victory over enemies or obstacles. The act of trampling signifies complete defeat and subjugation. Historically, this imagery would resonate with the Israelites, who were familiar with the concept of conquering lands and peoples as they journeyed to the Promised Land. Spiritually, this can be seen as a promise of God's ultimate victory over evil and the establishment of His kingdom.

the feet of the oppressed
The phrase "the feet of the oppressed" highlights those who have been downtrodden or marginalized. In Hebrew, the word for oppressed can also mean afflicted or humbled. This suggests that those who have suffered under injustice will be the very ones to rise and claim victory. It is a powerful reminder of God's justice and His heart for the humble and meek. The oppressed, often overlooked by society, are given a place of honor and triumph in God's plan.

the footsteps of the poor
Finally, "the footsteps of the poor" emphasizes the role of the impoverished in God's redemptive narrative. The Hebrew word for poor can also imply those who are lowly or needy. In the biblical context, the poor are often seen as those who rely on God for their sustenance and deliverance. This phrase assures that the poor, who may lack worldly power or influence, are integral to God's kingdom. Their footsteps, once weary and burdened, will tread upon the very things that once oppressed them, symbolizing a reversal of fortunes and the establishment of divine justice.

The path of the righteous
The phrase "The path of the righteous" refers to the journey or way of life that those who are in right standing with God undertake. In Hebrew, the word for "path" is "orach," which implies a well-trodden road or a way of life. The righteous, or "tzaddik," are those who live in accordance with God's laws and commandments. Historically, the concept of a path is significant in the ancient Near Eastern context, where roads were essential for trade, communication, and pilgrimage. Spiritually, this path is not just a physical journey but a metaphor for the moral and ethical life that aligns with God's will.

is level
The phrase "is level" suggests smoothness and ease, indicating that the path of the righteous is made straight and even by God. The Hebrew word "mishor" conveys the idea of a plain or level ground, free from obstacles. This imagery is powerful, as it contrasts with the often rugged and treacherous terrain of ancient Israel. In a spiritual sense, a level path signifies divine guidance and providence, ensuring that the righteous can walk without stumbling. It reflects God's faithfulness in providing clarity and direction to those who seek Him.

You clear a straight path
"You clear a straight path" emphasizes God's active role in preparing the way for the righteous. The Hebrew verb "palas" means to make smooth or to weigh out, suggesting careful preparation and attention. This phrase underscores the belief that God is intimately involved in the lives of His people, removing obstacles and guiding them towards their divine purpose. In the broader biblical narrative, this reflects God's covenant faithfulness, as He continually works to fulfill His promises to His people.

for the righteous
The repetition of "for the righteous" at the end of the verse reinforces the special relationship between God and those who live according to His will. It highlights the assurance that the righteous can have in God's provision and protection. In the Hebrew context, righteousness is not merely about legalistic adherence to the law but encompasses a holistic commitment to justice, mercy, and humility before God. This assurance is a source of hope and encouragement, inspiring believers to pursue a life of righteousness with the confidence that God is with them every step of the way.

Yes, LORD
This phrase begins with an affirmation of faith and submission. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. In the context of Isaiah, this acknowledgment is a declaration of trust in God's sovereignty and His plans. Historically, the Israelites were often reminded of their covenant relationship with Yahweh, which required obedience and trust. This phrase sets the tone for a heart posture that is ready to follow God's will.

we wait for You
The Hebrew root for "wait" is "qavah," which implies an active, expectant waiting, not a passive or idle one. This waiting is filled with hope and anticipation of God's intervention and fulfillment of His promises. In the historical context of Isaiah, the Israelites were often in situations where they had to wait for God's deliverance, such as during the Assyrian threat. This waiting is an act of faith, trusting in God's timing and His faithfulness to His word.

Your name
In Hebrew culture, a name is not just an identifier but a representation of one's character and reputation. "Shem" is the Hebrew word used here, signifying God's nature and His deeds. The name of the LORD is a strong tower, as Proverbs 18:10 states, and it embodies His holiness, power, and love. The Israelites would have understood this as a call to remember and honor God's past acts of salvation and His covenant promises.

and renown
The word "renown" refers to God's fame and glory, which are spread throughout the earth. The Hebrew word "zeker" is used, which can also mean "remembrance" or "memorial." This suggests that God's acts are to be remembered and celebrated by His people. Historically, the Israelites were called to be witnesses to the nations, proclaiming God's mighty works and His character. This phrase encourages believers to live in a way that reflects God's glory to the world.

are the desire of our souls
The Hebrew word for "desire" is "ta'avah," which conveys a deep longing or craving. This phrase speaks to the innermost yearning of the believer's heart for God's presence and His will. In the context of Isaiah, this longing is for God's righteousness and justice to be established on earth. It reflects a heart that is aligned with God's purposes, seeking His kingdom above all else. This desire is not just intellectual but is a passionate pursuit of God's glory and His ways.

My soul
The Hebrew word for "soul" is "nephesh," which often refers to the entire being of a person, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. In this context, it signifies a deep, personal longing and desire that comes from the innermost part of the prophet. This longing is not superficial but is rooted in the very essence of who Isaiah is, reflecting a profound spiritual yearning.

yearns for You
The word "yearns" conveys an intense desire or craving. In Hebrew, "avah" is used, which implies a deep-seated longing that is almost physical in its intensity. This yearning is directed towards God, indicating a relationship that is both personal and passionate. It suggests that the soul finds its ultimate satisfaction and fulfillment in communion with the Divine.

in the night
Nighttime in biblical literature often symbolizes a period of trial, reflection, or waiting. It is a time when distractions are minimized, and the soul can focus more intently on spiritual matters. This phrase suggests that even in times of darkness or uncertainty, the soul's desire for God remains steadfast and unwavering.

in my spirit
The Hebrew word "ruach" is used for "spirit," which can mean breath, wind, or spirit. It signifies the life force within a person, the part that connects with God. This indicates that the longing for God is not just emotional but is also a spiritual pursuit, involving the deepest part of one's being.

within me
This phrase emphasizes the internal nature of the longing. It is not an external or superficial desire but one that resides deep within the individual. It highlights the personal and intimate nature of the relationship with God, suggesting that true spiritual yearning comes from within and is an integral part of one's identity.

seeks You
The act of seeking implies an active pursuit, a deliberate effort to find or connect with God. In Hebrew, "shachar" is used, which can mean to seek diligently or earnestly. This suggests that the relationship with God requires intentionality and effort, reflecting a commitment to spiritual growth and understanding.

For when Your judgments
The term "judgments" refers to God's decisions or decrees, which are always just and righteous. In Hebrew, "mishpat" is used, indicating a legal decision or verdict. This highlights God's role as the ultimate judge, whose decisions are perfect and whose ways are beyond human understanding.

come upon the earth
This phrase indicates the manifestation of God's will and authority in the world. It suggests that God's judgments are not confined to the spiritual realm but have tangible effects on the earth and its inhabitants. It underscores the belief that God is actively involved in the affairs of the world.

the inhabitants of the world
This refers to all people living on the earth, emphasizing the universal scope of God's judgments. It suggests that no one is exempt from God's authority and that His decrees impact all of humanity, calling everyone to recognize His sovereignty.

learn righteousness
The Hebrew word for "righteousness" is "tsedeq," which implies justice, rightness, and ethical conduct. This phrase suggests that through experiencing God's judgments, people are taught to understand and practice righteousness. It reflects the belief that God's actions are ultimately aimed at guiding humanity towards moral and spiritual truth.

Though grace is shown to the wicked
The Hebrew word for "grace" here is "חֵן" (chen), which conveys favor or kindness. This phrase highlights the divine benevolence extended even to those who are morally corrupt. Historically, God's grace has been evident throughout the Old Testament, as seen in His patience and mercy towards Israel despite their repeated disobedience. This grace is a testament to God's character, emphasizing His desire for all to come to repentance (2 Peter 3:9). The "wicked" (רָשָׁע, rasha) are those who live in opposition to God's laws, yet God’s grace is still offered to them, illustrating His boundless love and the hope for transformation.

they do not learn righteousness
The Hebrew word for "learn" is "לָמַד" (lamad), which implies gaining knowledge or being instructed. Despite the grace shown, the wicked fail to "learn" or internalize "righteousness" (צֶדֶק, tsedeq), which refers to living in accordance with God's standards. This failure to learn suggests a hardness of heart and a refusal to be transformed by divine kindness. In a broader scriptural context, this reflects the human tendency to resist God's call to holiness, as seen in the repeated cycles of sin and redemption in Israel's history.

in the land of uprightness
The "land of uprightness" (אֶרֶץ נְכֹחוֹת, eretz nekhochot) symbolizes a place where God's laws and righteousness are known and practiced. This could be a reference to Israel, the land given to God's chosen people, where His statutes were to be upheld. Despite being in such a land, the wicked continue in their ways, highlighting the contrast between their actions and the environment intended for godliness. This serves as a reminder that proximity to righteousness does not guarantee righteous living; it requires a willing heart.

they go on doing evil
The phrase "go on doing evil" underscores the persistence in sin despite the opportunities for repentance. The Hebrew verb "עָשָׂה" (asah) means to do or make, indicating a deliberate choice to continue in wrongdoing. This persistence is a sobering reminder of the human propensity to choose sin over righteousness, even when surrounded by God's truth and grace. It echoes the biblical narrative of humanity's struggle with sin, as seen in the accounts of the judges and kings of Israel.

and do not regard the majesty of the LORD
The word "regard" (רָאָה, ra'ah) means to see or consider. The "majesty" (גֵּאוּת, ge'ut) of the LORD refers to His supreme power and glory. This phrase highlights the spiritual blindness and disregard for God's sovereignty among the wicked. Despite witnessing His grace and being in a land of righteousness, they fail to acknowledge His greatness. This lack of regard is a central theme in the prophetic literature, where the call to recognize and honor God's majesty is a recurring exhortation. It serves as a call to believers to live in awe and reverence of God, recognizing His rightful place as Lord over all creation.

O LORD
The invocation of "O LORD" in this verse is a direct address to Yahweh, the covenantal name of God in the Hebrew Bible. This name signifies God's eternal presence and His unchanging nature. In the context of Isaiah, it reflects the prophet's deep reliance on God's sovereignty and justice. The use of "LORD" in all caps in English translations indicates the original Hebrew name YHWH, which is considered sacred and is a reminder of God's covenant with Israel.

Your hand is lifted up
The phrase "Your hand is lifted up" symbolizes God's power and readiness to act. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the lifting of a hand was a gesture of authority and impending action. This imagery suggests that God is prepared to intervene in the affairs of humanity, particularly in judgment or deliverance. Theologically, it reassures believers of God's active involvement in the world, even when His actions are not immediately visible.

but they do not see it
This phrase highlights the spiritual blindness of those who fail to recognize God's work and authority. In the prophetic literature, seeing is often equated with understanding and acknowledging God's presence and actions. The failure to see God's hand is indicative of a hardened heart and a refusal to acknowledge divine sovereignty. This serves as a warning to remain vigilant and spiritually perceptive.

Let them see Your zeal for Your people
Here, "zeal" refers to God's passionate commitment to His covenant people, Israel. The Hebrew word for zeal, "qin'ah," conveys a sense of fervent devotion and protective jealousy. This phrase is a plea for God to reveal His intense love and dedication to His people, which would serve as a testament to His faithfulness and provoke awe and repentance in those who oppose Him.

and be put to shame
The concept of being "put to shame" in the biblical context often involves a public acknowledgment of wrongdoing and a humbling before God. It is a call for the enemies of God to recognize their error and the futility of opposing His will. This phrase underscores the ultimate triumph of God's justice and the vindication of His people.

let the fire reserved for Your enemies consume them
Fire is a common biblical metaphor for judgment and purification. In this context, it represents the divine retribution that awaits those who oppose God and His people. The imagery of fire consuming the enemies underscores the completeness and inevitability of God's judgment. It serves as both a warning to the wicked and a reassurance to the faithful that God will ultimately uphold justice.

LORD
The Hebrew word used here is "Yahweh," the personal name of God revealed to Moses in the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). This name signifies God's eternal existence and His covenantal faithfulness to His people. In the context of Isaiah, it emphasizes God's sovereignty and His role as the ultimate authority and protector of Israel. The use of "LORD" here is a reminder of God's unchanging nature and His commitment to His promises.

You will establish
The Hebrew root for "establish" is "shaphat," which can mean to set, appoint, or ordain. This conveys a sense of divine action and assurance. God is not passive; He actively works to bring about His purposes. The use of "establish" indicates a firm and secure foundation, suggesting that what God ordains is unshakeable and enduring.

peace
The Hebrew word "shalom" is rich in meaning, encompassing not just the absence of conflict but also completeness, welfare, and harmony. In the biblical context, "shalom" is a state of being that comes from living in accordance with God's will. It is a holistic peace that affects every aspect of life. The promise of peace here is both a present reality and a future hope, reflecting the ultimate peace that will be realized in God's kingdom.

for us
This phrase personalizes the promise, indicating that God's actions are directed towards His people. It reflects the intimate relationship between God and His followers. The "us" here refers to the community of believers who trust in God's promises. It underscores the collective nature of God's blessings, which are meant to be experienced within the community of faith.

for You have also accomplished
The Hebrew root "pa'al" means to do, make, or accomplish. This highlights God's active role in bringing about His plans. It is a reminder that God is not only the initiator but also the completer of His works. The phrase suggests a sense of fulfillment and completion, indicating that God's purposes are not left unfinished.

all our works
This phrase acknowledges that any good that comes from the people is ultimately the result of God's work in and through them. It is a recognition of human dependence on divine grace. The "works" here can refer to acts of righteousness, service, and obedience that are empowered by God. It is a humbling reminder that apart from God, human efforts are insufficient.

O LORD our God
This phrase acknowledges the covenant relationship between the Israelites and Yahweh. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred tetragrammaton, which signifies God's eternal and self-existent nature. "Our God" emphasizes a personal and communal relationship, reminding the Israelites of their unique identity as God's chosen people. Historically, this reflects the Israelites' understanding of God as their ultimate authority and protector, distinct from the pagan gods of surrounding nations.

other lords besides You
The "other lords" refer to foreign rulers and deities that have exerted control over the Israelites. In the historical context, this could point to the various empires that dominated Israel, such as Egypt, Assyria, and Babylon. Spiritually, it also represents the idols and false gods that the Israelites were tempted to worship. The Hebrew word for "lords" here is "adonim," which can mean masters or rulers, indicating both political and spiritual subjugation.

have had dominion over us
This phrase acknowledges the periods of oppression and servitude experienced by the Israelites. The Hebrew root "mashal" means to rule or have dominion, suggesting a loss of freedom and autonomy. This historical reality serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the importance of remaining faithful to Him. It also highlights God's sovereignty, as He ultimately allows these dominions for His purposes and plans.

but Your name alone
The emphasis on "Your name alone" signifies exclusive devotion and worship to Yahweh. In Hebrew culture, a name represents one's character and authority. By confessing God's name alone, the Israelites are declaring their allegiance and trust in His power and righteousness. This phrase serves as a call to monotheism, rejecting all other gods and affirming the first commandment to have no other gods before Yahweh.

do we confess
The act of confession here is both a declaration of faith and an acknowledgment of past failures. The Hebrew word "zakar" means to remember or to mention, indicating a conscious decision to honor and proclaim God's name. This confession is an act of repentance and renewal, turning back to God after periods of disobedience. It reflects a heart posture of humility and dependence on God's grace and mercy.

The dead will not live
In this phrase, the Hebrew word for "dead" is "mētīm," which refers to those who are physically deceased. The context here is not merely about physical death but a spiritual state of separation from God. In the conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a reference to those who have rejected God and thus remain in spiritual death. The phrase underscores the finality of judgment for those who do not turn to God, emphasizing the importance of spiritual life through faith.

the departed spirits will not rise
The term "departed spirits" is translated from the Hebrew "rĕphā'îm," often understood as shades or spirits of the dead. This phrase suggests a state of powerlessness and inactivity, contrasting with the hope of resurrection for the righteous. In the historical context of Isaiah, this could be a direct challenge to the pagan beliefs in the afterlife, asserting the sovereignty of God over life and death. For Christians, it reinforces the belief in the resurrection of the faithful, as opposed to the eternal separation faced by the unrighteous.

Therefore You have punished and destroyed them
The word "punished" comes from the Hebrew "pāqad," which can mean to visit, appoint, or reckon. It implies a divine reckoning or judgment. "Destroyed" is from "šāmad," indicating complete annihilation. This reflects God's righteous judgment against those who persist in rebellion. Historically, this could relate to the judgment against nations or peoples who opposed God's will. Theologically, it serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the justice of God.

You have wiped out all memory of them
The phrase "wiped out" is derived from the Hebrew "maḥâ," meaning to blot out or erase. This signifies the total removal of any remembrance of the unrighteous, highlighting the finality of divine judgment. In a scriptural context, it contrasts with the eternal remembrance and legacy of the righteous. For believers, this serves as a call to live a life that honors God, ensuring that their legacy is one of faithfulness and righteousness.

You have enlarged the nation
The phrase "You have enlarged the nation" speaks to God's providential blessing and expansion of His people. The Hebrew root for "enlarged" is "רָחַב" (rachab), which conveys the idea of broadening or making room. Historically, this can be seen in the context of Israel's growth and prosperity under God's covenant promises. Theologically, it reflects God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Abraham about making his descendants as numerous as the stars (Genesis 15:5). This enlargement is not merely numerical but also spiritual, as God calls His people to be a light to the nations (Isaiah 49:6).

O LORD
The use of "O LORD" here is significant, as it invokes the covenant name of God, "Yahweh" (יהוה). This name is deeply personal and relational, emphasizing God's eternal presence and unchanging nature. It reminds the reader of God's sovereignty and His intimate involvement in the affairs of His people. The repetition of "O LORD" underscores the recognition that all blessings and expansions come from Him alone, not from human effort or merit.

You have enlarged the nation
The repetition of this phrase emphasizes the certainty and magnitude of God's action. It serves as a poetic device to highlight the miraculous nature of Israel's growth. In a historical context, this could refer to periods of territorial expansion or population growth, such as during the reigns of David and Solomon. Spiritually, it points to the ultimate fulfillment in the Messianic kingdom, where God's people will include believers from every nation, tribe, and tongue (Revelation 7:9).

You have gained glory for Yourself
This phrase acknowledges that the ultimate purpose of God's actions is His own glory. The Hebrew word for "glory" is "כָּבוֹד" (kabod), which denotes weightiness, honor, and splendor. God's acts of deliverance and blessing are designed to reveal His character and majesty to the world. In a conservative Christian perspective, this aligns with the belief that all of creation exists to glorify God, and His redemptive work through Israel and ultimately through Christ is the pinnacle of His self-revelation.

You have extended all the borders of the land
The extension of borders signifies not only physical expansion but also the fulfillment of God's promises regarding the land. The Hebrew word for "extended" is "נָטָה" (natah), meaning to stretch out or spread. This can be seen in the historical context of Israel's territorial gains, but it also has eschatological implications. It points to the future hope of God's kingdom, where His reign will be established over all the earth. This extension is a testament to God's faithfulness and His sovereign plan to restore creation under His rule.

O LORD
The verse begins with a direct address to God, using the covenant name "LORD" (YHWH in Hebrew). This name signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. In the context of Isaiah, this invocation underscores the people's recognition of God's sovereignty and their reliance on Him. Historically, the use of YHWH reflects a deep, personal relationship between God and Israel, reminding us of the covenant established with Abraham and reaffirmed through Moses.

they sought You
The phrase indicates a turning towards God, often in times of distress or need. The Hebrew root "darash" implies a diligent search or inquiry, suggesting that the people are earnestly seeking God's presence and intervention. This seeking is not casual but reflects a deep yearning for divine guidance and help. In the broader biblical narrative, seeking God is a recurring theme, emphasizing the importance of turning to Him in faith and repentance.

in their distress
This phrase highlights the context of the people's seeking—times of trouble or affliction. The Hebrew word "tzarah" denotes a narrow or tight place, symbolizing the pressures and challenges faced by the people. Historically, Israel often turned to God during periods of national crisis, such as invasions or exile. This pattern serves as a reminder of human vulnerability and the need for divine assistance.

when You disciplined them
Here, the verse acknowledges God's role in allowing or orchestrating circumstances for the purpose of correction. The Hebrew root "yasar" conveys the idea of chastening or instructing, akin to a loving parent disciplining a child. This discipline is not punitive but redemptive, intended to bring about repentance and restoration. Scripturally, God's discipline is a sign of His love and commitment to His people, as seen in passages like Hebrews 12:6.

they poured out a quiet prayer
The imagery of pouring out suggests an outpouring of the heart, a sincere and earnest communication with God. The Hebrew word "lachash" for "quiet" implies a whisper or soft speech, indicating humility and reverence. This quiet prayer contrasts with loud lamentations, reflecting a deep, personal communion with God. Throughout the Bible, prayer is portrayed as a powerful means of connecting with God, expressing dependence, and seeking His will.

As a pregnant woman about to give birth
This phrase draws a vivid analogy between the intense anticipation and inevitable pain of childbirth and the spiritual and emotional state of the people. The Hebrew word for "pregnant" is "הָרָה" (harah), which signifies the condition of carrying something within that must eventually come forth. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as the burden of sin or the longing for deliverance that God's people carry. Historically, childbirth has been a universal experience, symbolizing both the pain and the hope of new life. This imagery is used to convey the idea that the people are on the brink of a significant transformation or deliverance.

writhes and cries out in her pain
The Hebrew word for "writhes" is "חִיל" (chil), which means to twist or whirl in pain. This word captures the physical and emotional turmoil experienced during labor. The phrase "cries out" is translated from "זָעַק" (za'aq), meaning to call out or cry for help. This reflects a deep, instinctual response to suffering, emphasizing the intensity of the situation. In the context of Isaiah, this can be seen as a metaphor for the cries of the Israelites under oppression or in anticipation of God's intervention. It highlights the human condition of suffering and the natural response to seek divine assistance.

so were we in Your presence, O LORD
The phrase "in Your presence" is significant, as it denotes being before the face of God, or "פָּנֶיךָ" (paneka) in Hebrew. This suggests a direct encounter with the divine, where the true nature of one's condition is fully exposed. The use of "O LORD" (יהוה, Yahweh) invokes the covenant name of God, reminding the reader of His faithfulness and the special relationship between God and His people. The comparison to a woman in labor underscores the idea that, in God's presence, the people are acutely aware of their need for deliverance and the hope of new beginnings. This reflects a deep trust in God's ability to bring about redemption and transformation, even through the pains of current trials.

We were with child
This phrase metaphorically describes a state of expectation and potential. In the Hebrew context, being "with child" often symbolizes hope and the promise of new beginnings. The imagery of pregnancy is used throughout Scripture to denote anticipation of God's deliverance or the birth of something significant. Here, it reflects the anticipation of Israel for deliverance and redemption, a hope that was deeply rooted in their covenant relationship with God.

we writhed in pain
The Hebrew word for "writhed" conveys intense labor pains, symbolizing the struggles and efforts of the people. Historically, Israel faced numerous trials and tribulations, often described as labor pains, which were expected to lead to a new era of peace and prosperity. This phrase captures the agony and effort invested in seeking deliverance, reflecting the nation's earnest yearning for God's intervention.

but we gave birth to wind
This phrase signifies futility and disappointment. In the ancient Near Eastern context, "wind" often symbolizes emptiness or nothingness. Despite the labor and expectation, the result was insubstantial. This reflects Israel's realization that their efforts, apart from God's intervention, were in vain. It serves as a humbling reminder of human limitations and the necessity of divine aid for true fulfillment and salvation.

We have brought no salvation to the earth
The term "salvation" in Hebrew is rich with connotations of deliverance, safety, and victory. This phrase acknowledges the failure of Israel to achieve the anticipated deliverance through their own means. Historically, Israel was chosen to be a light to the nations, yet their inability to bring salvation underscores the need for a Messiah, a theme that resonates throughout the prophetic writings.

nor brought any life into the world
"Life" here is indicative of renewal and vitality. The Hebrew understanding of life encompasses not just physical existence but spiritual and communal well-being. This phrase highlights the absence of transformative impact on the world, pointing to the need for divine intervention to bring about true life and restoration. It foreshadows the coming of Christ, who brings life and salvation to all.

Your dead will live
This phrase is a powerful declaration of hope and resurrection. In Hebrew, the word for "dead" is "mētīm," which refers to those who have passed away. The promise that they "will live" is a profound assurance of life beyond death, a concept that is echoed throughout Scripture. This reflects the belief in bodily resurrection, a cornerstone of Christian eschatology, affirming that death is not the end for those who belong to God. Historically, this would have been a radical hope for the Israelites, who faced many trials and tribulations, yet were assured of God's ultimate victory over death.

Their bodies will rise
The Hebrew word for "bodies" here is "nevelah," which can also mean "corpse" or "carcass." The promise that these bodies "will rise" speaks to the physical resurrection, a theme that is later fully developed in the New Testament with the resurrection of Jesus Christ. This rising is not merely spiritual but physical, indicating a restoration and renewal of the whole person. This assurance would have been particularly comforting to the Jewish people, who valued the integrity of the body and the hope of restoration.

Awake and sing, you who dwell in the dust!
The call to "awake and sing" is an invitation to joy and celebration. "Awake" in Hebrew is "qūm," which means to arise or stand up, often used in contexts of renewal or revival. "Sing" is "rānān," suggesting a joyful shout or cry. Those "who dwell in the dust" refers to the dead, emphasizing the miraculous nature of resurrection. Dust, or "ʿāpār," symbolizes mortality and the human condition post-Fall. This phrase is a poetic and prophetic call to life, echoing the creation narrative where God breathes life into dust.

For your dew is like the dew of the morning
"Dew" in Hebrew is "ṭal," a symbol of life-giving moisture in an arid climate. Dew is often used in Scripture as a metaphor for divine blessing and renewal. The "dew of the morning" suggests freshness, new beginnings, and the faithfulness of God, who renews His mercies every morning. This imagery would resonate deeply with an agrarian society that relied on dew for the sustenance of crops, symbolizing God's provision and the certainty of His promises.

and the earth will bring forth her dead
The phrase "the earth will bring forth" uses the Hebrew "yālad," meaning to give birth or bring forth, suggesting a natural and inevitable process. This imagery portrays the earth as a womb, nurturing and eventually releasing the dead to new life. "Her dead" refers to those who have been buried, emphasizing the completeness of God's redemptive plan. This promise aligns with the broader biblical narrative of creation, fall, and ultimate restoration, where the earth itself participates in God's redemptive work. This assurance would have provided immense hope to the faithful, affirming that God's power extends over all creation, even to the grave.

Go, my people
The phrase "Go, my people" is a direct call from God to His chosen ones, the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "go" is "לֵךְ" (lekh), which is an imperative form, indicating urgency and immediacy. This command reflects God's protective nature, urging His people to take action for their safety. Historically, this reflects God's consistent guidance and deliverance of Israel, as seen in the Exodus narrative where God led His people out of Egypt.

enter your rooms
The term "rooms" in Hebrew is "חֲדָרִים" (ḥadarim), which can also mean inner chambers or private spaces. This suggests a place of safety and refuge. In the ancient Near Eastern context, inner rooms were considered the most secure part of a house. Spiritually, this can be seen as a call to enter into a place of spiritual refuge and intimacy with God, away from the chaos of the world.

and shut your doors behind you
The act of shutting doors signifies protection and separation from external dangers. The Hebrew word "סְגֹר" (segor) means to close or lock, emphasizing the need for security. This imagery is reminiscent of the Passover in Exodus, where the Israelites were instructed to stay indoors as the angel of death passed over. It symbolizes God's provision of safety amidst judgment.

Hide yourselves a little while
"Hiding" here is from the Hebrew "חֲבִי" (ḥavi), which implies concealment for protection. The phrase "a little while" suggests that the period of danger is temporary. This reflects the biblical theme of God's wrath being momentary compared to His everlasting mercy. It encourages believers to trust in God's timing and sovereignty, knowing that trials are temporary.

until the wrath has passed
The "wrath" refers to God's righteous judgment against sin. The Hebrew word "זַעַם" (za'am) denotes indignation or anger. Historically, this could relate to specific judgments upon nations or peoples, but it also points to the eschatological wrath described in prophetic literature. The assurance that it "has passed" offers hope and reassurance of God's ultimate deliverance and restoration for His people.

For behold
This phrase serves as a call to attention, urging the reader to focus on the significant event that is about to be described. In Hebrew, the word "behold" is often used to introduce a divine revelation or a moment of great importance. It is a reminder that what follows is not merely a human observation but a divine proclamation.

the LORD is coming out of His dwelling
The imagery of the LORD "coming out" suggests a divine intervention in human affairs. In the Hebrew context, God's "dwelling" refers to His heavenly abode, often depicted as a place of holiness and justice. This phrase indicates a moment when God actively engages with the world, stepping into history to execute His will. It reflects the belief in a God who is not distant but intimately involved with His creation.

to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity
The concept of divine punishment is central to the prophetic literature of the Bible. "Iniquity" refers to moral corruption and sin, and the Hebrew word used here conveys a sense of guilt and wrongdoing. This phrase underscores the justice of God, who holds humanity accountable for their actions. It serves as a warning that divine patience has limits and that there will be consequences for persistent disobedience.

The earth will reveal her bloodshed
This phrase suggests a time of reckoning when hidden sins are brought to light. The earth, often personified in Scripture, acts as a witness to human actions. The "bloodshed" refers to violence and injustice that have been concealed. In a historical context, this could relate to the injustices and violence prevalent in society, which God will ultimately expose and judge.

and will no longer conceal her slain
The imagery of the earth no longer concealing the slain emphasizes the inevitability of divine justice. In ancient times, unburied bodies were a sign of disgrace and divine judgment. This phrase indicates that the time will come when all wrongs are made right, and those who have suffered unjustly will be vindicated. It is a powerful reminder of the hope for ultimate justice and restoration.