In that day
This phrase often signifies a future time of divine intervention or fulfillment of prophecy. In the context of Isaiah, "that day" refers to a time when God will act decisively in history. It is a day of both judgment and redemption, a theme prevalent throughout the prophetic literature. The Hebrew term "bayom hahu" suggests a specific, appointed time when God's purposes will be realized, emphasizing the certainty and sovereignty of God's plan.

the LORD
The term "LORD" in all capitals represents the Hebrew name "YHWH," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. This name is a reminder of God's unchanging character and His commitment to His people. It underscores the divine authority and power behind the actions described in this verse.

will take His sharp, great, and mighty sword
The imagery of a sword is a common biblical metaphor for divine judgment and warfare. The adjectives "sharp, great, and mighty" highlight the effectiveness, power, and overwhelming nature of God's judgment. In Hebrew, the word for sword, "chereb," often symbolizes the instrument of God's justice. This phrase assures believers of God's ultimate victory over evil, reinforcing the hope that no force can withstand His righteous judgment.

and bring judgment on Leviathan the fleeing serpent
Leviathan is a mythical sea creature often associated with chaos and evil in ancient Near Eastern literature. The "fleeing serpent" suggests a creature attempting to escape judgment, symbolizing the forces of evil that oppose God. In the Hebrew context, Leviathan represents chaos and disorder, which God will ultimately subdue. This imagery reassures believers of God's power to bring order and peace, defeating all that stands against His will.

Leviathan the coiling serpent
The repetition of "Leviathan" with the description "coiling serpent" emphasizes its cunning and deceptive nature. The coiling or twisting motion suggests entanglement and deceit, characteristics often attributed to evil. This portrayal of Leviathan as both fleeing and coiling underscores the multifaceted nature of evil, which God will comprehensively judge and defeat.

and He will slay the dragon of the sea
The "dragon of the sea" further amplifies the imagery of a formidable, chaotic force. In ancient cultures, dragons were often seen as symbols of chaos and destruction. The sea, representing the unknown and uncontrollable, is where this dragon resides. God's act of slaying the dragon signifies His ultimate authority over all creation, including the most chaotic and fearsome elements. This promise of victory over the dragon assures believers of God's supreme power and the eventual triumph of His kingdom over all evil.

In that day
This phrase often signals a prophetic vision concerning the future, particularly the eschatological "Day of the Lord." In the Hebrew text, "in that day" (בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא, bayyom hahu) is a common expression in prophetic literature, indicating a time when God will act decisively in history. It suggests a period of divine intervention and fulfillment of God's promises. From a conservative Christian perspective, this points to the ultimate redemption and restoration that God will bring about, aligning with the hope of Christ's return and the establishment of His kingdom.

Sing
The Hebrew word used here is "שִׁירוּ" (shiru), which means to sing or to sing praises. Singing in the biblical context is often associated with joy, celebration, and worship. It reflects a response to God's mighty acts and His faithfulness. In this verse, the call to sing indicates a time of rejoicing and gratitude for God's deliverance and blessings. It is a reminder of the power of worship and the joy that comes from recognizing God's work in our lives.

About a fruitful vineyard
The imagery of a vineyard is rich in biblical symbolism. In the Hebrew text, "כֶּרֶם חֶמֶד" (kerem chemed) translates to "a vineyard of delight" or "a fruitful vineyard." Vineyards in Scripture often represent God's people, Israel, and by extension, the Church. A fruitful vineyard signifies a community that is thriving, blessed, and productive under God's care. Historically, vineyards were vital to the economy and culture of ancient Israel, symbolizing prosperity and divine favor. In a spiritual sense, this phrase speaks to the flourishing of God's people when they are rooted in Him, bearing fruit through His Spirit. It is a vision of restoration and abundance, where God's people live in harmony with His will, producing the fruits of righteousness and peace.

I, the LORD, am its keeper
This phrase emphasizes the personal involvement of God in the care and protection of His people. The Hebrew word for "keeper" is "נֹצֵר" (notser), which conveys the idea of guarding, watching over, and preserving. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a keeper was someone entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring the safety and well-being of something valuable, such as a vineyard or a flock. This imagery is powerful, as it portrays God as a vigilant guardian who is actively engaged in the lives of His people, ensuring their spiritual and physical welfare. The use of "I, the LORD" underscores the personal and covenantal relationship between God and Israel, reminding believers of His faithfulness and sovereignty.

I water it continually
The act of watering signifies sustenance and provision. In the arid climate of the Middle East, water is a precious resource, essential for life and growth. The Hebrew root "שָׁקָה" (shaqah) means to give drink or to irrigate, indicating a continuous and deliberate action. This phrase assures believers that God provides for their needs consistently and abundantly. The imagery of watering also suggests spiritual nourishment, as water is often symbolic of the Holy Spirit and the Word of God, which refresh and sustain the soul. This continual care reflects God's unending grace and mercy towards His people.

I guard it day and night
The phrase "day and night" highlights the constant vigilance and protection that God offers. The Hebrew words "יוֹמָם" (yomam) and "לַיְלָה" (laylah) encompass all times, indicating that there is never a moment when God is not attentive to the needs of His people. This assurance of divine protection is a source of comfort and security, reminding believers that they are never outside of God's watchful eye. The concept of guarding, from the Hebrew "שָׁמַר" (shamar), implies not only protection from external threats but also the preservation of the integrity and purpose of what is being guarded. This reflects God's commitment to safeguarding His covenant promises and the spiritual well-being of His people.

so that no one can harm it
This final phrase underscores the effectiveness of God's protection. The Hebrew word "פָּקַד" (paqad) can be understood as to visit or to attend to, often with the implication of bringing about a specific outcome. In this context, it assures that no harm will come to what God is guarding. This is a profound promise of security, emphasizing that under God's care, His people are safe from any force that seeks to destroy or disrupt their relationship with Him. It is a reminder of the ultimate victory and peace that come from being under the divine protection of the Almighty. This assurance encourages believers to trust in God's power and faithfulness, knowing that He is their refuge and strength.

I have no wrath
The Hebrew word for "wrath" here is "chemah," which can denote anger, fury, or indignation. In this context, God is expressing a state of peace and reconciliation with His people. Historically, this reflects a time when God’s judgment is not upon Israel, symbolizing a future hope of restoration and divine favor. This phrase reassures believers of God's enduring mercy and His desire for a relationship free from anger.

Should someone give Me briars and thorns in battle
"Briars and thorns" are often symbolic in Scripture of sin, obstacles, or the enemies of God. In Genesis, thorns are a result of the curse after the fall of man, representing the consequences of sin. Here, they symbolize opposition or challenges against God’s people. The imagery of "battle" suggests a spiritual conflict, where God is prepared to confront and overcome any adversities that threaten His covenant community.

I would march on them
The phrase "march on" conveys a sense of divine intervention and action. The Hebrew root "pashat" implies a readiness to engage and conquer. This reflects God’s proactive stance in defending His people and ensuring their victory over sin and opposition. It is a powerful reminder of God’s sovereignty and His commitment to protect and deliver His people from all forms of spiritual warfare.

I would burn them up together
The act of burning signifies purification and judgment. In the ancient Near Eastern context, fire was often used to cleanse and destroy impurities. The Hebrew word "ba'ar" means to consume or destroy by fire. This phrase emphasizes God’s ability to completely eradicate sin and opposition, ensuring that nothing stands in the way of His divine purpose. It serves as an assurance to believers that God will ultimately triumph over evil, purifying His people and establishing His kingdom.

Or let them lay claim
The phrase "lay claim" suggests an active decision or effort to seek something. In the Hebrew text, the word used here can be understood as "to grasp" or "to take hold of." This implies a deliberate action on the part of individuals to reach out for God's protection. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship between God and His people, where God offers His protection and blessings, but it requires a response of faith and obedience from the people.

to My protection
The term "protection" in this context refers to God's divine safeguarding and provision. In Hebrew, the word can also mean "stronghold" or "refuge," indicating a place of safety and security. This is reminiscent of the imagery found throughout the Psalms, where God is often described as a fortress or shield. Theologically, it underscores the idea that true security is found not in human strength or alliances, but in reliance on God.

let them make peace with Me
The call to "make peace" is an invitation to reconciliation and restoration of relationship. The Hebrew word for peace, "shalom," encompasses not just the absence of conflict, but a state of wholeness and harmony. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of God's desire for humanity to be in right relationship with Him, a theme that is fulfilled in the New Testament through the work of Christ, who is our peace.

yes, let them make peace with Me
The repetition of the phrase emphasizes the earnestness and urgency of God's invitation. It is a divine plea for His people to return to Him and experience the fullness of life that comes from being in communion with their Creator. This repetition also serves as a literary device to highlight the importance of reconciliation, echoing the prophetic call for repentance and renewal found throughout the book of Isaiah.

In the days to come
This phrase points to a future time, a prophetic vision that extends beyond the immediate context of Isaiah's audience. The Hebrew word for "days" (יָמִים, yamim) often signifies a period of time that is divinely appointed. This suggests a future fulfillment of God's promises, indicating a time when His plans for Israel will come to fruition. Historically, this can be seen as a reference to the Messianic age, a time of restoration and blessing for God's people.

Jacob will take root
The imagery of "taking root" is rich with meaning. In Hebrew, the word for "root" (שָׁרַשׁ, sharash) implies stability, growth, and permanence. Jacob, representing the nation of Israel, is depicted as being firmly established. This suggests a reversal of previous judgments and a return to divine favor. Theologically, it speaks to God's covenant faithfulness, ensuring that His chosen people will be grounded and secure in His promises.

Israel will bud and blossom
The metaphor of budding and blossoming conveys a sense of renewal and vitality. The Hebrew words used here (פָּרַח, parach for "bud" and צָוַץ, tsuwts for "blossom") evoke the image of a plant coming to life, symbolizing spiritual and national revival. This flourishing is not just physical but also spiritual, indicating a time when Israel will thrive under God's blessing. It reflects the hope of restoration and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

and fill the whole world with fruit
The phrase "fill the whole world with fruit" speaks to the expansive impact of Israel's restoration. The Hebrew word for "fruit" (פְּרִי, peri) signifies productivity and abundance. This is not limited to agricultural prosperity but extends to spiritual influence. Theologically, it points to the role of Israel as a light to the nations, fulfilling the Abrahamic promise that through his descendants, all nations would be blessed (Genesis 12:3). It anticipates a time when the knowledge of God will spread globally, bringing transformation and blessing to all peoples.

Has the LORD struck Israel
The phrase begins with a rhetorical question, inviting reflection on God's actions towards Israel. The Hebrew root for "struck" is "נכה" (nakah), which often implies a form of divine judgment or discipline. Historically, Israel experienced various forms of divine correction, yet this question suggests a distinction in the nature and purpose of God's actions towards His chosen people compared to their enemies. The emphasis is on God's covenantal relationship with Israel, where discipline is meant for correction and restoration rather than destruction.

as He struck her oppressors?
This phrase contrasts God's treatment of Israel with His treatment of their oppressors. The oppressors, often nations like Assyria or Babylon, faced God's judgment as a consequence of their actions against His people. The Hebrew context implies a more severe and final judgment upon these nations. This distinction underscores God's justice and His protective love for Israel, even when they are under discipline. It reflects the biblical theme that God’s judgments are measured and purposeful, aiming to bring about His redemptive plan.

Was she killed
The word "killed" here, from the Hebrew "הָרַג" (harag), suggests a complete and utter destruction. The rhetorical question implies that Israel's experience, though severe, was not intended to annihilate them. Instead, it serves as a reminder of God's mercy and the preservation of a remnant. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative where God’s discipline is always tempered with mercy, ensuring the survival and eventual restoration of His people.

like those who slayed her?
The phrase "those who slayed her" refers to the nations and peoples who acted as instruments of God's judgment against Israel. The Hebrew root "הָרַג" (harag) is used again, emphasizing the finality of the oppressors' fate compared to Israel's. Historically, many of Israel's enemies faced complete destruction, serving as a warning of the consequences of opposing God's will. This contrast highlights the unique position of Israel in God's plan, where even in judgment, there is hope for redemption and restoration.

By warfare and exile
The phrase "by warfare and exile" reflects the divine judgment and discipline that God administers to His people. The Hebrew root for "warfare" (צָבָא, tsaba) often denotes a military campaign or struggle, symbolizing the spiritual and physical battles that Israel faced. Historically, Israel's exile, particularly the Babylonian captivity, was a period of intense trial and purification. This phrase underscores God's sovereignty in using even adverse circumstances to achieve His purposes, reminding believers that divine discipline, though painful, is ultimately redemptive and aimed at restoration.

You contended with her
The word "contended" (רִיב, rib) in Hebrew suggests a legal dispute or argument. This implies that God is not arbitrarily punishing His people but is engaging with them in a manner akin to a legal case, where He presents His grievances against their unfaithfulness. This reflects God's justice and righteousness, emphasizing that His actions are always grounded in His holy character. For believers, this serves as a reminder of the importance of living in accordance with God's covenant, knowing that He will address unfaithfulness but always with the aim of bringing His people back to Himself.

with His fierce wind
The "fierce wind" (רֽוּחַ קָשֶׁה, ruach qasheh) symbolizes God's powerful and purifying presence. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wind often represented divine intervention. This imagery conveys the intensity and effectiveness of God's actions in purging His people of their impurities. For Christians, this can be seen as a metaphor for the Holy Spirit's work in sanctification, where God's presence actively works to refine and purify believers, preparing them for His purposes.

He expelled them
The act of expulsion (שָׁלַח, shalach) indicates a forceful removal, often associated with judgment. Historically, this refers to the scattering of Israel among the nations due to their disobedience. However, it also carries a redemptive undertone, as God's ultimate goal is to bring His people back to Himself. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin but also highlights God's relentless pursuit of His people, ensuring that even in judgment, there is hope for restoration.

on the day of the east wind
The "east wind" (קָדִים, qadim) in biblical literature is often associated with destruction and desolation, as it was a hot, dry wind that could devastate crops and landscapes. This imagery reinforces the severity of God's judgment. However, it also points to the transformative power of God's intervention, as the east wind, though destructive, is part of the process that leads to renewal and restoration. For believers, this serves as a powerful reminder that God's ways, though sometimes mysterious and challenging, are always directed towards His ultimate plan of redemption and renewal for His people.

Therefore
This word connects the current verse to the preceding context, indicating a conclusion or result. In the Hebrew text, it is often translated from "לָכֵן" (lakhen), which signifies a logical outcome. Here, it suggests that the actions and promises described are a direct result of God's redemptive plan for Israel.

Jacob’s guilt
"Jacob" is a metonym for the nation of Israel, descended from the patriarch Jacob. The term "guilt" refers to the collective sin and transgressions of the people. In Hebrew, "guilt" is often "עָוֹן" (avon), indicating iniquity or moral failing. This phrase underscores the need for divine intervention to address the nation's spiritual failings.

will be atoned for
Atonement involves reconciliation and the covering of sin, often through a sacrificial system. The Hebrew root "כָּפַר" (kaphar) means to cover or purge. This phrase promises a future cleansing and restoration of Israel, pointing to the ultimate atonement through Christ's sacrifice, which fulfills the Old Testament sacrificial system.

the full fruit of the removal of his sin
This phrase speaks to the complete and transformative outcome of atonement. "Fruit" symbolizes the visible results or evidence of repentance and divine forgiveness. The removal of sin implies a thorough cleansing, aligning with the New Testament concept of being a new creation in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17).

when he makes all the altar stones like crushed bits of chalk
This imagery depicts the destruction of idolatrous practices. Altar stones, used in pagan worship, are reduced to "crushed bits of chalk," signifying their utter obliteration. The Hebrew word for "chalk" is "גִּיר" (gir), emphasizing the fragility and impermanence of false idols compared to the eternal God.

no Asherah poles
Asherah poles were wooden symbols associated with the worship of the Canaanite goddess Asherah. Their removal signifies the eradication of idolatry. Historically, these poles were a common feature in ancient Near Eastern religious practices, and their destruction represents a return to monotheistic worship.

or incense altars
Incense altars were used in both legitimate and illegitimate worship. In this context, they represent unauthorized worship practices. The Hebrew "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach) for altar indicates a place of sacrifice or offering. Their removal highlights a purification of worship, aligning it with God's commands.

will remain standing
This phrase emphasizes the totality of the cleansing process. The Hebrew "קוּם" (qum) means to stand or remain. The eradication of these objects signifies a complete turning away from idolatry, reflecting a heart fully devoted to God. This transformation is a testament to God's power to renew and restore His people.

For the fortified city lies deserted
The phrase "fortified city" refers to a place of strength and security, often associated with human pride and self-reliance. In the Hebrew context, the word for "fortified" (מִבְצָר, mibtsar) suggests a stronghold or a place of defense. Historically, cities like these were centers of power and influence. The image of such a city lying "deserted" (נָטַשׁ, natash) conveys a powerful message of divine judgment and the futility of relying on human strength apart from God. This desolation serves as a reminder of the transient nature of earthly power and the ultimate sovereignty of God over all nations.

a homestead abandoned and forsaken like a wilderness
The "homestead" (נָוֶה, naveh) represents a place of dwelling and community, often associated with stability and prosperity. The terms "abandoned" (עָזַב, azav) and "forsaken" (שָׁמֵם, shamem) emphasize the complete desolation and emptiness that has befallen what was once a thriving place. The comparison to a "wilderness" (מִדְבָּר, midbar) underscores the barrenness and lack of life, symbolizing spiritual desolation and the consequences of turning away from God. This imagery calls believers to reflect on the importance of spiritual vitality and the dangers of spiritual neglect.

there the calf grazes
The presence of a "calf" (עֵגֶל, egel) grazing in the deserted city highlights the reversal of roles and the irony of the situation. What was once a bustling city is now reduced to a pasture for animals. This image serves as a metaphor for the humbling of human pride and the restoration of God's order. In a broader scriptural context, it can also symbolize the peace and restoration that follow divine judgment, as creation returns to a state of harmony.

there it lies down and feeds on its branches
The act of the calf lying down and feeding "on its branches" (סְעִפֶּיהָ, se'ipeha) suggests a sense of peace and contentment in the midst of desolation. The branches, once part of a thriving city, now serve as sustenance for the animals. This imagery can be seen as a symbol of God's provision and care, even in judgment. It reminds believers of the hope and renewal that God offers, even when circumstances seem bleak. The peaceful scene invites reflection on the ultimate restoration and peace that God promises to His people, pointing to the future hope of redemption and renewal in Christ.

When its limbs are dry, they are broken off
This phrase speaks to the imagery of a vineyard or a tree, often used in Scripture to symbolize Israel or God's people. The Hebrew word for "limbs" (זְרֹעֹת, zerot) can also mean "arms" or "branches," indicating parts of a whole that are meant to be fruitful and productive. The drying and breaking off of these limbs suggest a state of spiritual barrenness and judgment. Historically, Israel faced periods of spiritual decline, leading to divine discipline. This imagery serves as a warning to remain spiritually vibrant and connected to God, lest one becomes dry and broken.

Women come and use them for kindling
The use of dry branches for kindling signifies their complete lack of life and usefulness in their intended purpose. In ancient times, kindling was essential for starting fires, a mundane task. The Hebrew context here implies that what was once valuable and full of potential is now reduced to mere fuel for fire. This serves as a metaphor for the consequences of spiritual neglect and disobedience. The imagery is stark, reminding believers of the importance of remaining spiritually alive and fruitful, lest they become spiritually irrelevant.

For this is a people without understanding
The phrase "without understanding" (בִּינָה, binah) highlights a lack of discernment or insight, often associated with spiritual ignorance or rebellion. In the biblical context, understanding is not merely intellectual but deeply spiritual, involving a heart aligned with God's will. The historical context of Israel's repeated failure to heed prophetic warnings underscores the importance of seeking divine wisdom. This serves as a call to pursue a deeper relationship with God, characterized by a heart and mind open to His guidance.

Therefore their Maker will have no compassion on them
The term "Maker" (יֹצְרָם, yotzeram) refers to God as the Creator, emphasizing His authority and sovereignty over His creation. The lack of compassion (רַחֵם, rakhem) from God is a sobering reminder of the consequences of persistent disobedience and rejection of His ways. In the conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of repentance. God's justice is balanced with His mercy, but persistent rebellion leads to judgment. This serves as a call to repentance and a reminder of God's righteous standards.

and their Creator will show them no favor
The word "Creator" (עֹשֵׂה, oseh) again emphasizes God's role as the one who formed and established His people. The absence of favor (חֵן, chen) indicates a withdrawal of divine grace and blessing. In the biblical narrative, favor is often associated with God's presence and blessing upon His people. The historical context of Israel's exile and suffering due to their unfaithfulness serves as a backdrop for this warning. For believers, it is a call to remain faithful and obedient, seeking God's favor through a life aligned with His purposes.

In that day
This phrase often signals a prophetic vision concerning the future, particularly the eschatological "Day of the Lord." In Hebrew, "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא" (bayyom hahu) is used to denote a specific time when God will act decisively in history. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises. The phrase sets the stage for a divine intervention that will bring about restoration and judgment, a common theme in Isaiah's prophecies.

the LORD
The Hebrew name "YHWH" (יהוה) is used here, emphasizing God's covenantal relationship with Israel. It is a reminder of His eternal nature and His faithfulness to His promises. The use of "the LORD" underscores the divine authority and power behind the actions described in the verse. It is a call to trust in God's ultimate plan and His ability to bring it to fruition.

will thresh
The imagery of threshing is agricultural, referring to the process of separating grain from chaff. In a spiritual sense, it symbolizes God's judgment and purification. The Hebrew word "חָבַט" (chavat) conveys the idea of a thorough and decisive action. This metaphor illustrates God's ability to discern and separate the righteous from the wicked, ensuring that His people are refined and prepared for His kingdom.

from the flowing stream of the Euphrates
The Euphrates River, one of the great rivers of the ancient Near East, represents the northern boundary of the Promised Land. It is often associated with the Assyrian and Babylonian empires, which were instruments of God's judgment against Israel. The mention of the Euphrates signifies the extent of God's reach and His ability to gather His people from even the most distant and powerful nations.

to the Brook of Egypt
The Brook of Egypt, likely referring to the Wadi el-Arish, marks the southern boundary of the Promised Land. This phrase complements the mention of the Euphrates, together delineating the full extent of the land promised to Abraham's descendants. It signifies God's promise to restore Israel to its rightful inheritance, emphasizing His faithfulness and the completeness of His redemptive work.

and you will be gathered
The gathering of God's people is a recurring theme in prophetic literature, symbolizing restoration and unity. The Hebrew verb "אָסַף" (asaph) conveys the idea of collecting or assembling. This promise of gathering reflects God's desire to bring His people back to Himself, restoring their relationship and reestablishing them in their land. It is a message of hope and assurance for those who have been scattered and exiled.

one by one
This phrase highlights the personal and individual nature of God's redemption. It emphasizes that each person is valued and known by God. The meticulous care implied in gathering "one by one" reflects God's intimate involvement in the lives of His people. It assures believers of their unique place in God's plan and His attentive care for each of His children.

O children of Israel
The term "children of Israel" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. It is a reminder of their identity as God's chosen people and their covenant relationship with Him. This designation underscores the continuity of God's promises from the patriarchs to the present and future generations. It calls the people to remember their heritage and the faithfulness of God throughout their history.

In that day
This phrase often signals a prophetic vision concerning the future, particularly the eschatological "Day of the Lord." In the Hebrew context, "that day" refers to a time when God will intervene decisively in human history. It is a day of both judgment and salvation, a theme prevalent throughout the book of Isaiah. This phrase sets the stage for a divine action that will bring about a significant transformation.

a great trumpet will sound
The sounding of a trumpet in biblical times was a call to action, often used to gather people, signal war, or announce significant events. The Hebrew word for trumpet, "shofar," was made from a ram's horn and held deep religious significance. In this context, the great trumpet symbolizes a divine summons, a call to gather God's people from the ends of the earth. It echoes the imagery found in the New Testament, where the trumpet is associated with the return of Christ and the resurrection of the dead (1 Thessalonians 4:16).

those who were perishing in Assyria
Assyria was a dominant empire during Isaiah's time, known for its military might and oppression of Israel. The phrase "those who were perishing" refers to the Israelites who were exiled and suffering under Assyrian rule. Historically, the Assyrian captivity was a period of great distress for the Israelites, and this prophecy offers hope of deliverance and restoration for those who were scattered and oppressed.

and those who were exiled in Egypt
Egypt, like Assyria, was a place of bondage for the Israelites, harking back to the time of the Exodus. The mention of Egypt here symbolizes a return from exile and a release from captivity. It reflects God's promise to gather His people from all places of dispersion, emphasizing His sovereignty and faithfulness in fulfilling His covenant promises.

will come and worship the LORD
The ultimate purpose of the gathering is worship. Worship is central to the relationship between God and His people. This phrase highlights the restoration not just of physical presence in the land but of spiritual communion with God. It signifies a return to true worship, where the people acknowledge God's lordship and offer Him the reverence due to His name.

on the holy mountain in Jerusalem
Jerusalem, and specifically the holy mountain, refers to Mount Zion, the spiritual and political center of Israel. It is the place where the temple stood, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The prophecy envisions a time when all God's people will be gathered to worship Him in Jerusalem, fulfilling the promises of restoration and peace. This imagery points forward to the ultimate fulfillment in the New Jerusalem, as described in Revelation, where God's people will dwell with Him eternally.