Esther 9:24
New International Version
For Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast the pur (that is, the lot) for their ruin and destruction.

New Living Translation
Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews, had plotted to crush and destroy them on the date determined by casting lots (the lots were called purim ).

English Standard Version
For Haman the Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur (that is, cast lots), to crush and to destroy them.

Berean Standard Bible
For Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast the Pur (that is, the lot) to crush and destroy them.

King James Bible
Because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;

New King James Version
because Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to annihilate them, and had cast Pur (that is, the lot), to consume them and destroy them;

New American Standard Bible
For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had schemed against the Jews to eliminate them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to disturb them and eliminate them.

NASB 1995
For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had schemed against the Jews to destroy them and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to disturb them and destroy them.

NASB 1977
For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had schemed against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to disturb them and destroy them.

Legacy Standard Bible
For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to cause them to perish and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to throw them into confusion and cause them to perish.

Amplified Bible
For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, [to find the right time] to disturb and destroy them.

Christian Standard Bible
For Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them. He cast the pur —that is, the lot—to crush and destroy them.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
For Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them. He cast the Pur (that is, the lot) to crush and destroy them.

American Standard Version
because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;

Contemporary English Version
Haman was the son of Hammedatha and a descendant of Agag. He hated the Jews so much that he planned to destroy them, but he wanted to find out the best time to do it. So he cast lots.

English Revised Version
because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
It was because Haman, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them. (Haman was the son of Hammedatha and was from Agag.) Haman had the [Pur] (which means [the lot]) thrown [in order to determine when] to crush and destroy them.

Good News Translation
Haman son of Hammedatha--the descendant of Agag and the enemy of the Jewish people--had cast lots ("purim," they were called) to determine the day for destroying the Jews; he had planned to wipe them out.

International Standard Version
since Hammedatha's son Haman, the enemy of the Jewish people, had plotted against the Jewish people to destroy them, and he had cast the pur (that is, the lot) to determine when to confuse and destroy them.

Majority Standard Bible
For Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast the Pur (that is, the lot) to crush and destroy them.

NET Bible
For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised plans against the Jews to destroy them. He had cast pur (that is, the lot) in order to afflict and destroy them.

New Heart English Bible
because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast "Pur," that is the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;

Webster's Bible Translation
Because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;

World English Bible
because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast “Pur”, that is the lot, to consume them and to destroy them;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
because Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, adversary of all the Jews, had devised concerning the Jews to destroy them, and had caused to fall Pur—that [is] the lot—to crush them and to destroy them;

Young's Literal Translation
because Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, adversary of all the Jews, had devised concerning the Jews to destroy them, and had caused to fall Pur -- that is the lot -- to crush them and to destroy them;

Smith's Literal Translation
For Haman son of Hammedatha the Amite, oppressing all the Jews, purposed against the Jews to destroy them, and he cast Pur (this the lot) to discomfit them and to destroy them;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
For Aman, the son of Amadathi of the race of Agag, the enemy and adversary of the Jews, had devised evil against them, to kill them and destroy them: and had cast Phur, that is, the lot.

Catholic Public Domain Version
For Haman, the son of Hammedatha of Agag lineage, the enemy and adversary of the Jews, had devised evil against them, to kill them and to destroy them. And he had cast Pur, which in our language means the lot.

New American Bible
Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the foe of all the Jews, had planned to destroy them and had cast the pur, or lot, for the time of their defeat and destruction.

New Revised Standard Version
Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur—that is “the lot”—to crush and destroy them;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Because Haman the son of Hammadatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast lots to consume them and to destroy them;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Because of Haman, son of Hammadath the Aggagite, the enemy of all of the Jews, who plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and cast lots that he would destroy them.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast pur, that is, the lot, to discomfit them, and to destroy them;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
shewing how Aman the son of Amadathes the Macedonian fought against them, how he made a decree and cast lots to destroy them utterly;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Feast of Purim Instituted
23So the Jews agreed to continue the custom they had started, as Mordecai had written to them. 24For Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast the Pur (that is, the lot) to crush and destroy them. 25But when it came before the king, he commanded by letter that the wicked scheme which Haman had devised against the Jews should come back upon his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.…

Cross References
Exodus 17:14-16
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Write this on a scroll as a reminder and recite it to Joshua, because I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven.” / And Moses built an altar and named it The LORD Is My Banner. / “Indeed,” he said, “a hand was lifted up toward the throne of the LORD. The LORD will war against Amalek from generation to generation.”

Deuteronomy 25:17-19
Remember what the Amalekites did to you along your way from Egypt, / how they met you on your journey when you were tired and weary, and they attacked all your stragglers; they had no fear of God. / When the LORD your God gives you rest from the enemies around you in the land that He is giving you to possess as an inheritance, you are to blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!

1 Samuel 15:2-3
This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘I witnessed what the Amalekites did to the Israelites when they opposed them on their way up from Egypt. / Now go and attack the Amalekites and devote to destruction all that belongs to them. Do not spare them, but put to death men and women, children and infants, oxen and sheep, camels and donkeys.’”

Proverbs 26:27
He who digs a pit will fall into it, and he who rolls a stone will have it roll back on him.

Psalm 7:15-16
He has dug a hole and hollowed it out; he has fallen into a pit of his own making. / His trouble recoils on himself, and his violence falls on his own head.

Psalm 9:15-16
The nations have fallen into a pit of their making; their feet are caught in the net they have hidden. / The LORD is known by the justice He brings; the wicked are ensnared by the work of their hands. Higgaion Selah

Psalm 35:8
May ruin befall them by surprise; may the net they hid ensnare them; may they fall into the hazard they created.

Psalm 37:14-15
The wicked have drawn the sword and bent the bow to bring down the poor and needy, to slay those whose ways are upright. / But their swords will pierce their own hearts, and their bows will be broken.

Psalm 57:6
They spread a net for my feet; my soul was despondent. They dug a pit before me, but they themselves have fallen into it! Selah

Psalm 141:10
Let the wicked fall into their own nets, while I pass by in safety.

Daniel 6:24
At the command of the king, the men who had falsely accused Daniel were brought and thrown into the den of lions—they and their children and wives. And before they had reached the bottom of the den, the lions overpowered them and crushed all their bones.

Matthew 7:2
For with the same judgment you pronounce, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.

Matthew 7:12
In everything, then, do to others as you would have them do to you. For this is the essence of the Law and the Prophets.

Luke 6:38
Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you.”

Romans 12:19
Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God’s wrath. For it is written: “Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.”


Treasury of Scripture

Because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;

Jump to Previous
Adversary Agagite Ag'agite Attempting Cast Chance Consume Crush Cutting Decision Designs Destroy Devised Discomfit Disturb End Enemy Haman Hammedatha Hammeda'tha Hater Jews Lot Oppressor Plotted Pur Putting Ruin Schemed View
Jump to Next
Adversary Agagite Ag'agite Attempting Cast Chance Consume Crush Cutting Decision Designs Destroy Devised Discomfit Disturb End Enemy Haman Hammedatha Hammeda'tha Hater Jews Lot Oppressor Plotted Pur Putting Ruin Schemed View
Esther 9
1. The Jews slay their enemies, with the ten sons of Haman.
12. Xerxes, at the request of Esther,
14. grants another day of slaughter, and Haman's sons to be hanged.
20. The two days of Purim are instituted.














For Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite
This phrase introduces Haman, a central antagonist in the Book of Esther. The identification of Haman as "the Agagite" is significant. Historically, Agag was a king of the Amalekites, a people who were long-standing enemies of Israel (1 Samuel 15). The Amalekites' enmity with Israel dates back to the Exodus, when they attacked the Israelites. By calling Haman an Agagite, the text connects him to this historical enmity, emphasizing the deep-rooted hostility between Haman and the Jewish people. This lineage suggests a continuation of the ancient conflict, highlighting the spiritual and historical battle between God's people and their adversaries.

the enemy of all the Jews
This phrase underscores the extent of Haman's animosity. He is not merely an enemy of Mordecai, who refused to bow to him, but of "all the Jews." This collective enmity reflects the broader spiritual warfare against God's chosen people. In a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a representation of the ongoing struggle between good and evil, where God's people face opposition from those who stand against His purposes.

had plotted against the Jews to destroy them
The word "plotted" indicates a deliberate and malicious intent. Haman's plan was not a spontaneous act of anger but a calculated scheme to annihilate the Jewish people. This reflects the nature of evil as intentional and strategic. The desire "to destroy them" echoes the ultimate aim of evil forces throughout biblical history—to thwart God's plans by attacking His people. This serves as a reminder of the vigilance required by believers to stand firm against such schemes.

and had cast the Pur (that is, the lot)
The casting of "Pur" or "lot" was an ancient practice used to make decisions or determine fate. In this context, it was used by Haman to choose the date for the planned destruction of the Jews. The use of lots suggests a reliance on chance or fate, contrasting with the biblical theme of divine providence. While Haman sought to use chance to execute his evil plan, the narrative of Esther reveals God's sovereign control over events, turning what was meant for harm into deliverance for His people.

to crush and destroy them
The repetition of the intent "to crush and destroy" emphasizes the severity and totality of Haman's plan. This language conveys not just physical destruction but an attempt to obliterate the Jewish identity and heritage. In a broader theological context, this reflects the enemy's desire to eradicate God's covenant people and, by extension, His redemptive plan for humanity. However, the account of Esther ultimately demonstrates God's faithfulness and protection, ensuring the survival and flourishing of His people despite such threats.

(24) Pur.--See above on Esther 3:7.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
For
כִּי֩ (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

Haman
הָמָ֨ן (hā·mān)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2001: Haman -- to rage, be turbulent

son
בֶּֽן־ (ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Hammedatha
הַמְּדָ֜תָא (ham·mə·ḏā·ṯā)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 4099: Hammedatha including the article

the Agagite,
הָֽאֲגָגִ֗י (hā·’ă·ḡā·ḡî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 91: Agagite -- a descriptive term for Haman

the enemy
צֹרֵר֙ (ṣō·rêr)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 6887: To bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, or cramped

of all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the Jews,
הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים (hay·yə·hū·ḏîm)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural
Strong's 3064: Jews -- Jewish

had plotted
חָשַׁ֥ב (ḥā·šaḇ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2803: To think, account

against
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the Jews
הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים (hay·yə·hū·ḏîm)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural
Strong's 3064: Jews -- Jewish

to destroy them
לְאַבְּדָ֑ם (lə·’ab·bə·ḏām)
Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 6: To wander away, lose oneself, to perish

and had cast
וְהִפִּ֥יל (wə·hip·pîl)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5307: To fall, lie

the Pur
פּוּר֙ (pūr)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6332: a lot', a Jewish feast

(that is,
ה֣וּא (hū)
Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

the lot)
הַגּוֹרָ֔ל (hag·gō·w·rāl)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1486: Lot -- a lot (for casting)

to crush
לְהֻמָּ֖ם (lə·hum·mām)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 2000: To make a noise, move noisily, confuse, discomfit

and destroy them.
וּֽלְאַבְּדָֽם׃ (ū·lə·’ab·bə·ḏām)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 6: To wander away, lose oneself, to perish


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OT History: Esther 9:24 Because Haman the son of Hammedatha (Est Esth. Es)
Esther 9:23
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