Then Joshua summoned
The phrase "Then Joshua summoned" indicates a moment of transition and leadership. Joshua, whose name in Hebrew, Yehoshua, means "The LORD is salvation," is acting in his role as the divinely appointed leader of Israel. This summoning is not merely a call to gather but a significant moment where Joshua, as a type of Christ, exercises his authority to address the tribes. Historically, this reflects the organized structure of Israelite society and the importance of leadership in maintaining unity and order among the tribes.

the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
These tribes were unique among the Israelites because they had chosen to settle on the east side of the Jordan River, as recorded in Numbers 32. The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had requested this land because it was suitable for their large herds and flocks. Their decision was initially met with concern, as it seemed to separate them from the rest of Israel. However, they pledged to help their fellow Israelites conquer the land west of the Jordan before returning to their own inheritance. This phrase highlights the fulfillment of that promise and the unity of the tribes despite geographical separation. It also underscores the importance of keeping one's word and the communal responsibility shared among God's people. Historically, this moment is significant as it marks a time of peace and fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs regarding the land.

and said to them
This phrase indicates a direct communication from Joshua to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. The act of speaking here is significant as it reflects the importance of verbal communication in ancient Israelite culture, where oral tradition was a primary means of conveying God's commands and historical narratives. Joshua, as a leader, uses this moment to affirm and encourage the tribes, highlighting the importance of leadership in guiding and acknowledging the faithfulness of the people.

You have done all
The phrase underscores the complete obedience of the tribes to the commands given by Moses. In Hebrew, the concept of "doing all" is often linked to the idea of fulfilling one's duty or covenant obligations. This reflects the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, where obedience to God's commands is a demonstration of faithfulness and loyalty. The tribes' actions serve as a model of faithfulness for future generations.

that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you
Moses is referred to as "the servant of the LORD," a title that signifies his unique role as God's chosen leader and prophet. This phrase emphasizes the continuity of leadership and divine command from Moses to Joshua. The commands given by Moses were not merely his own but were divinely inspired, and the tribes' adherence to these commands reflects their respect for God's authority as mediated through His servant.

and you have obeyed my voice
Joshua acknowledges the tribes' obedience to his leadership as well. The phrase "obeyed my voice" highlights the importance of heeding godly leadership. In the Hebrew context, obedience is not just about following orders but involves a deep, relational trust in the leader's guidance. Joshua's leadership is seen as an extension of Moses', and ultimately, of God's will.

in all that I commanded you
This phrase reiterates the comprehensive nature of the tribes' obedience. The use of "all" signifies that their obedience was not partial or selective but complete. This total obedience is a testament to their commitment to God's covenant and their trust in Joshua's leadership. It serves as an inspirational reminder of the blessings that come from wholehearted devotion to God's commands.

All this time
This phrase emphasizes the duration and faithfulness of the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. In Hebrew, the concept of time here underscores a continuous commitment. Historically, this reflects the period during which these tribes assisted their fellow Israelites in conquering the Promised Land, demonstrating steadfast loyalty and perseverance.

you have not deserted
The Hebrew root for "deserted" conveys the idea of abandoning or forsaking. This is significant in the context of covenant loyalty, as desertion would imply a breach of faith. The tribes' refusal to abandon their brothers highlights their integrity and dedication to communal responsibility, a key value in the Israelite community.

your brothers
This term reflects the familial bond among the tribes of Israel. The use of "brothers" rather than "fellow Israelites" or "companions" emphasizes the deep, covenantal relationship that binds the tribes together. It is a reminder of the unity and shared destiny of the people of God, rooted in their common ancestry and divine calling.

up to this very day
This phrase marks a specific point in time, underscoring the tribes' consistent faithfulness. It serves as a testament to their unwavering commitment, which is recognized and honored by Joshua. The historical context here is crucial, as it marks the completion of a significant chapter in Israel's journey to settle in the Promised Land.

but have kept the charge
The word "charge" in Hebrew often refers to a command or duty given by a higher authority. In this context, it signifies the divine mandate given to these tribes to support their brethren. Their obedience to this charge reflects their reverence for God's authority and their role in His divine plan.

given you by the LORD your God
This phrase underscores the divine origin of the command. The use of "LORD" (YHWH) highlights the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. It is a reminder that their actions are not merely for human approval but are in response to a divine directive. The acknowledgment of God as "your God" personalizes the relationship, emphasizing that their obedience is an act of worship and faithfulness to their covenant with God.

And now
This phrase marks a transition, indicating a shift from past actions to present instructions. It suggests a culmination of events leading to a new phase. Historically, this is a pivotal moment for the Israelites, as they transition from conquest to settlement. The phrase underscores the immediacy and relevance of God's promises being fulfilled in their time.

the LORD your God
This title emphasizes the personal relationship between God and the Israelites. "LORD" (YHWH) is the covenant name of God, highlighting His faithfulness and sovereignty. "Your God" personalizes this relationship, reminding the Israelites of their unique covenant with the Creator. This phrase is a reminder of God's intimate involvement in their history and His role as their divine protector and provider.

has given your brothers rest
The word "rest" (Hebrew: "nuach") signifies peace, security, and cessation from warfare. It is a fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites a land where they can dwell safely. This rest is not just physical but also spiritual, symbolizing a deeper peace found in obedience to God. Historically, this rest marks the end of the conquest of Canaan, a significant milestone in Israel's journey.

as He promised them
This phrase underscores the faithfulness of God to His word. The promises made to the patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—are now realized. It highlights the reliability of God's word and serves as a testament to His unchanging nature. The fulfillment of these promises is a central theme in the narrative of Israel, reinforcing their trust in God's future promises.

return to your homes
This command is both literal and symbolic. Literally, it instructs the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh to return to their allotted territories east of the Jordan. Symbolically, it represents a return to normalcy and the establishment of a settled life after years of wandering and warfare. It is a call to stewardship and faithfulness in the land God has provided.

in the land that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you
This phrase acknowledges Moses' role as God's appointed leader and mediator of the covenant. The land east of the Jordan was allocated by Moses, affirming his authority and the continuity of God's plan through His chosen leaders. It also serves as a reminder of the legacy of obedience and leadership that Moses exemplified.

beyond the Jordan
This geographical reference situates the tribes in the Transjordan region, highlighting the diversity of the Promised Land. It underscores the unity of the nation despite geographical separation. Historically, this area was rich and fertile, suitable for the tribes' needs. It also serves as a reminder of the broader scope of God's provision and the inclusivity of His promises to all tribes of Israel.

But be very careful
This phrase underscores the importance of vigilance and intentionality in spiritual matters. The Hebrew root for "careful" is "shamar," which means to guard, keep, or observe. It implies a proactive stance in maintaining one's faith and obedience. In the historical context, the Israelites were entering a new phase of life in the Promised Land, and the call to be careful was a reminder to remain steadfast in their covenant with God amidst new challenges and temptations.

to keep the commandment and the law
The "commandment and the law" refer to the Torah, the divine instructions given through Moses. The Hebrew word for "keep" is "shamar," which also means to watch over or preserve. This highlights the necessity of not just knowing God's laws but actively preserving and living by them. Historically, this was crucial for the Israelites to maintain their identity and relationship with God in a land filled with pagan influences.

that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you
Moses is referred to as "the servant of the LORD," a title of honor that signifies his role as a faithful leader and mediator between God and Israel. This phrase emphasizes the divine authority behind the commandments, as they were delivered through God's chosen servant. It also serves as a reminder of the continuity of God's covenant from Moses to Joshua and the people.

to love the LORD your God
The command to "love" God is central to the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4-5) and is foundational to the covenant relationship. The Hebrew word for love, "ahav," implies deep affection and commitment. This love is not merely emotional but is demonstrated through obedience and devotion. In the scriptural context, loving God is the primary motivation for all other commandments.

to walk in all His ways
"To walk" in God's ways means to live a life that reflects His character and commandments. The Hebrew word "halak" means to go or walk, indicating a continuous, active lifestyle. This phrase calls believers to model their lives after God's righteousness and holiness, embodying His principles in every aspect of life.

to keep His commandments
Reiterating the importance of obedience, this phrase emphasizes the need to adhere to God's specific instructions. The commandments are not burdensome but are given for the well-being and flourishing of God's people. Historically, obedience to these commandments distinguished Israel from surrounding nations and was a testimony to God's wisdom and justice.

to hold fast to Him
The phrase "hold fast" comes from the Hebrew "dabaq," meaning to cling or adhere closely. It conveys a sense of loyalty and unwavering commitment. In the context of Israel's history, holding fast to God was crucial for maintaining their covenant relationship, especially when faced with external pressures and internal doubts.

and to serve Him
Service to God is an act of worship and devotion. The Hebrew word "abad" means to work or serve, indicating that serving God involves active participation in His purposes. This service is not limited to religious rituals but encompasses all aspects of life, reflecting a heart fully devoted to God.

with all your heart and with all your soul
This phrase calls for complete and undivided devotion. The "heart" (Hebrew "lev") represents the center of one's thoughts, emotions, and will, while the "soul" (Hebrew "nephesh") signifies one's entire being. Together, they emphasize total commitment to God, leaving no part of life untouched by His influence. This holistic devotion is the essence of true worship and the fulfillment of the greatest commandment.

So Joshua blessed them
The act of blessing in the Hebrew context, "בָּרַךְ" (barak), is deeply rooted in the idea of invoking divine favor and protection. Joshua, as the leader appointed by God, had the authority to confer blessings upon the people. This blessing signifies a transfer of God’s favor and a recognition of the faithfulness and obedience of the tribes involved. In the broader biblical narrative, blessings often precede significant transitions or journeys, underscoring the importance of divine guidance and approval in the lives of the Israelites.

and sent them on their way
The phrase "sent them on their way" indicates a formal dismissal, a release from duty, and a transition to a new phase of life. In the Hebrew context, this sending off is not merely a physical departure but a spiritual and communal release. Joshua, having fulfilled his role in leading these tribes, now entrusts them to continue their journey with the assurance of God’s presence. This act reflects the biblical principle of stewardship, where leaders guide and then release individuals to fulfill their God-given purposes.

and they went to their homes
The return "to their homes" signifies a return to normalcy and the fulfillment of God’s promise to give the Israelites a land of their own. The Hebrew word for home, "בַּיִת" (bayit), encompasses not just a physical dwelling but also a place of rest, family, and community. This return marks the completion of a mission and the beginning of a new chapter in the lives of these tribes. It is a reminder of God’s faithfulness in providing for His people and the importance of community and family in the biblical narrative. The journey back to their homes is symbolic of the peace and stability that God desires for His people, reflecting the ultimate rest found in Him.

Now to the one half of the tribe of Manasseh
The tribe of Manasseh was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Joseph's son Manasseh. The division of this tribe into two halves is significant, as it reflects the unique inheritance given to Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, by their grandfather Jacob (Genesis 48:5). This division also highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs, as the land was apportioned according to divine instruction.

Moses had given a possession in Bashan
Bashan was a fertile region east of the Jordan River, known for its rich pastures and strong cities (Deuteronomy 3:10). Moses, under God's command, allocated this land to the half-tribe of Manasseh as part of the conquest of the Amorite kings, Sihon and Og (Numbers 32:33). This allocation underscores the faithfulness of God in providing for His people and the importance of obedience to His commands.

but to the other half Joshua gave a possession among their brothers west of the Jordan
The division of the tribe of Manasseh, with one half settling east and the other west of the Jordan, symbolizes unity amidst diversity within the people of God. Joshua's role in distributing the land west of the Jordan demonstrates his leadership and the continuation of God's plan through him after Moses' death. This act of giving possession also signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the land (Genesis 15:18-21).

When Joshua sent them away to their tents
The phrase "sent them away to their tents" indicates a return to their homes and families after fulfilling their military obligations to help their fellow Israelites secure the land west of the Jordan (Joshua 1:12-15). This return marks a transition from a period of conquest to one of settlement and rest, reflecting God's provision and the peace that follows obedience and unity.

he blessed them
Joshua's blessing upon the departing tribes is a powerful reminder of the spiritual leadership he provided. Blessings in the biblical context often involve invoking God's favor and protection (Numbers 6:24-26). This act of blessing underscores the importance of spiritual encouragement and the acknowledgment of God's sovereignty in the lives of His people. It serves as a reminder that true prosperity and peace come from living in accordance with God's will.

saying
The word "saying" introduces a direct command or instruction, emphasizing the authority and importance of the message. In the Hebrew context, this word often signifies a formal declaration, underscoring the weight of Joshua's words as a leader appointed by God. It reflects the continuity of God's promises and commands through His chosen leaders.

Return to your homes
This phrase signifies a transition from a period of warfare and conquest to one of peace and settlement. The Hebrew root for "return" (שׁוּב, shuv) often implies repentance or turning back, suggesting a restoration to a state of normalcy and blessing. The directive to return home highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites rest in the land He had promised their ancestors.

with great wealth
The mention of "great wealth" indicates the material blessings that accompany obedience to God's commands. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wealth was often seen as a sign of divine favor. This wealth was not just for personal gain but was to be shared, reflecting the communal nature of Israelite society and the importance of supporting one another.

with very much livestock
Livestock was a primary measure of wealth and prosperity in ancient times. The abundance of livestock signifies God's provision and the successful conquest of the land. It also points to the agrarian lifestyle of the Israelites, where livestock played a crucial role in their economy and daily life.

with silver, gold, bronze, and iron
These metals were valuable commodities in the ancient world, used for trade, crafting, and as symbols of wealth and power. Their mention here underscores the tangible rewards of faithfulness and the spoils of victory that God provided. Each metal had its own significance, with gold and silver often associated with wealth and divinity, while bronze and iron were linked to strength and durability.

and with a great quantity of clothing
Clothing in the ancient world was a significant asset, often representing status and wealth. The "great quantity" suggests abundance and God's provision beyond mere survival. It also reflects the cultural importance of garments, which could be used for trade or as gifts to solidify alliances and relationships.

Divide the spoil of your enemies
This command to "divide the spoil" emphasizes fairness and the importance of community. The spoils of war were not to be hoarded by a few but shared among all, reflecting the biblical principle of justice and equity. It also serves as a reminder of the collective effort in achieving victory and the shared blessings that result from obedience to God.

with your brothers
The phrase "with your brothers" highlights the unity and familial bonds within the Israelite community. It underscores the importance of sharing blessings with fellow believers, fostering a sense of solidarity and mutual support. This reflects the broader biblical theme of community and the call to love and care for one another as members of God's family.

So the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
This phrase identifies the specific tribes involved in this narrative. The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh were tribes that had chosen to settle on the east side of the Jordan River. Historically, these tribes were known for their pastoral lifestyle, and the land they chose was suitable for their large flocks. Their decision to settle here was made with the understanding that they would first assist the other tribes in conquering the land west of the Jordan. This reflects a commitment to unity and shared responsibility among the tribes of Israel, emphasizing the importance of collective effort in achieving God's promises.

left the Israelites at Shiloh
Shiloh was a significant location in Israel's early history, serving as the religious and administrative center where the Tabernacle was located. The act of leaving Shiloh symbolizes a transition from a period of conquest and communal worship to a time of settlement and individual tribal identity. The departure from Shiloh also marks a moment of trust and faithfulness, as these tribes had fulfilled their promise to support their brethren and were now returning to their own inheritance.

in the land of Canaan
Canaan represents the Promised Land, a region rich in historical and theological significance. It was the land promised by God to Abraham and his descendants, a land flowing with milk and honey. The mention of Canaan here underscores the fulfillment of God's promises to the Israelites. It also serves as a reminder of the covenant relationship between God and His people, highlighting the faithfulness of God in bringing His people into the land He had sworn to give them.

to return to their own land of Gilead
Gilead, located east of the Jordan River, was a fertile and strategic region. The return to Gilead signifies the tribes' transition from warriors to settlers, from a nomadic lifestyle to one of stability and growth. This return is not just a physical journey but also a spiritual one, as they move to establish their homes and communities in accordance with God's provision. It reflects the fulfillment of God's promises and the realization of their inheritance.

which they had acquired according to the command of the LORD through Moses
This phrase emphasizes the divine authority and guidance behind the allocation of the land. The command of the LORD through Moses highlights the continuity of God's plan from the time of Moses to Joshua. It underscores the obedience of these tribes to God's instructions and the leadership of Moses, who was instrumental in guiding the Israelites to this point. This obedience is a testament to their faith and trust in God's promises, serving as an example of how God's people are to live in accordance with His will.

When they came to Geliloth
The phrase "when they came to Geliloth" marks a significant geographical and narrative transition. Geliloth, meaning "circles" or "regions" in Hebrew, is a location near the Jordan River. This site is pivotal as it represents a boundary between the land east of the Jordan, where the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh settled, and the land of Canaan. The crossing of the Jordan was a monumental event for the Israelites, symbolizing the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham. Geliloth serves as a reminder of the unity and shared heritage of the tribes, despite their geographical separation.

near the Jordan
The Jordan River is a central geographical feature in the biblical narrative, often symbolizing transition and transformation. It was the river that the Israelites miraculously crossed to enter the Promised Land, and it is frequently associated with purification and new beginnings. The proximity to the Jordan in this verse underscores the importance of the location for the tribes involved. It is a place of both physical and spiritual significance, reminding the Israelites of God's providence and the covenantal promises associated with the land.

in the land of Canaan
Canaan is the land promised by God to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It is a land flowing with milk and honey, representing God's provision and blessing. The mention of Canaan here emphasizes the fulfillment of God's promises and the establishment of the Israelites in the land. It also highlights the tension between the settled tribes and those who chose to live east of the Jordan, raising questions about unity and faithfulness to God's commands.

the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
These tribes were granted land on the east side of the Jordan River, as recorded in Numbers 32. Their decision to settle there was initially met with concern, as it seemed to separate them from the rest of Israel. However, they pledged to support their fellow Israelites in conquering Canaan. This verse highlights their return to their allotted land and their continued connection to the larger community of Israel. It serves as a reminder of the importance of unity and cooperation among God's people, even when physically separated.

built an imposing altar
The construction of an altar is a significant act of worship and remembrance in the biblical context. Altars were places of sacrifice, prayer, and covenant renewal. The adjective "imposing" suggests that this altar was large and meant to be noticed, possibly indicating its importance as a symbol of unity and shared faith. However, it also foreshadows the potential for misunderstanding and conflict, as the other tribes might perceive it as a rival altar to the one at the tabernacle, threatening the unity of worship.

there by the Jordan
The location "there by the Jordan" is crucial, as it situates the altar at a boundary between the tribes. The Jordan River, a natural divider, becomes a place of connection through the altar. This act of building an altar at such a significant location suggests an intention to maintain spiritual unity and continuity with the rest of Israel. It serves as a physical reminder of their shared faith and commitment to the covenant, despite the geographical separation.

And the Israelites heard it said
This phrase introduces the reaction of the Israelites to a report they received. The Hebrew root for "heard" is שָׁמַע (shama), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and responding. In the ancient Near Eastern context, hearing often led to action, reflecting the communal nature of Israelite society where news spread quickly and required a collective response. The phrase sets the stage for the unfolding drama, highlighting the importance of communication and the potential for misunderstanding within a community.

Behold
The word "behold" is used to draw attention and emphasize the significance of the report. In Hebrew, the word is הִנֵּה (hinneh), which serves as an exclamation to alert the listener to something important. It is a call to pay attention, suggesting that what follows is of great consequence. This reflects the narrative style of the Old Testament, where such terms are used to engage the audience and underscore the gravity of the situation.

the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
These tribes were part of the Transjordan tribes, who had settled on the east side of the Jordan River. Historically, their location separated them from the rest of Israel, which sometimes led to tensions and misunderstandings. The mention of these specific tribes is significant because it highlights the potential for division within the nation of Israel. The historical context here is crucial, as these tribes had earlier requested to settle in this region due to its suitability for their livestock (Numbers 32).

have built an altar
The act of building an altar was significant in ancient Israelite religion, as altars were central to worship and sacrifice. The Hebrew word for altar is מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach), which is derived from the root זָבַח (zabach), meaning "to sacrifice." In the context of Israelite worship, altars were to be built according to specific divine instructions, primarily at the central sanctuary. The construction of an altar by these tribes raised concerns about potential idolatry or unauthorized worship, which was strictly forbidden (Deuteronomy 12:13-14).

on the frontier of the land of Canaan
The term "frontier" indicates a boundary or border area, which in this context refers to the edge of the Promised Land. The Hebrew word for frontier is גְּבוּל (gevul), meaning border or boundary. This geographical detail is important because it underscores the physical and symbolic separation between the Transjordan tribes and the rest of Israel. The location of the altar on the frontier suggests a potential challenge to the unity and religious centralization of the nation.

at the region of the Jordan
The Jordan River was a significant geographical and spiritual landmark for the Israelites. It marked the boundary of the Promised Land and was the site of several key events in Israel's history, including the crossing into Canaan under Joshua's leadership (Joshua 3-4). The mention of the Jordan here emphasizes the importance of the river as a dividing line, both physically and spiritually, and sets the stage for the potential conflict over the altar's location.

on the side belonging to the Israelites
This phrase clarifies that the altar was built on the side of the Jordan that belonged to the Israelites, not in the territory of the Transjordan tribes. This detail is crucial because it suggests that the altar's construction could be seen as an encroachment or a challenge to the established religious order. The Israelites' concern was likely rooted in the fear of unauthorized worship practices that could lead to idolatry, a recurring issue in Israel's history. The phrase underscores the importance of maintaining religious purity and unity within the nation.

And when the Israelites heard this
This phrase sets the stage for a significant moment of communal reaction among the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "heard" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which implies not just hearing but understanding and responding. This indicates that the Israelites were attentive to the news and prepared to act upon it. Historically, the Israelites were a people deeply connected to their covenant with God, and any news that might threaten this covenant was taken seriously. The communal nature of their response underscores the unity and shared values among the tribes.

the whole assembly of Israel
The term "assembly" comes from the Hebrew "עֵדָה" (edah), which refers to a congregation or gathering. This highlights the collective identity of the Israelites as God's chosen people. The "whole assembly" suggests a unified body, emphasizing the importance of community in decision-making and spiritual matters. In the context of ancient Israel, such assemblies were crucial for maintaining order and ensuring that the community adhered to God's laws.

gathered at Shiloh
Shiloh was a significant religious and cultural center for the Israelites, serving as the location of the Tabernacle before the temple was built in Jerusalem. Archaeological findings at Shiloh have uncovered remnants of ancient worship practices, affirming its historical importance. Gathering at Shiloh indicates that the Israelites were preparing to address the issue with a sense of gravity and reverence, as Shiloh was a place where they sought divine guidance.

to go to war
The phrase "to go to war" reflects the seriousness of the situation. The Hebrew word for "war" is "מִלְחָמָה" (milchamah), which can denote both physical and spiritual battles. This readiness for war underscores the Israelites' commitment to preserving the purity of their worship and obedience to God. In a broader scriptural context, it reflects the ongoing struggle between faithfulness to God and the temptations of idolatry or disobedience.

against them
The "them" refers to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, who had built an altar by the Jordan. This action was perceived as a potential breach of covenant, prompting the rest of Israel to consider war. The historical context reveals the deep concern for maintaining the unity and purity of worship among the tribes. The Israelites' willingness to confront their own brethren highlights the seriousness with which they regarded any deviation from God's commands. This phrase serves as a reminder of the importance of accountability and the lengths to which God's people must go to preserve their covenant relationship with Him.

The Israelites sent
This phrase indicates a deliberate and unified action by the Israelite community. The sending of a delegation reflects the seriousness with which the Israelites approached potential breaches of covenant. Historically, this action underscores the importance of maintaining unity and faithfulness to God’s commands among the tribes. The Hebrew root for "sent" (שָׁלַח, shalach) often implies a mission or purpose, emphasizing the intentionality behind this act.

Phinehas son of Eleazar the priest
Phinehas is a significant figure in Israelite history, known for his zealousness for God's holiness, as seen in Numbers 25. His lineage as the son of Eleazar, the high priest, and grandson of Aaron, highlights his authority and spiritual leadership. The choice of Phinehas suggests the gravity of the situation, as he was a respected leader capable of mediating disputes. His involvement indicates a concern for maintaining religious purity and covenantal faithfulness.

to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
These tribes had settled on the eastern side of the Jordan River, a decision made earlier in the narrative (Numbers 32). Their geographical separation from the other tribes could lead to misunderstandings or feelings of disconnection. The mention of these specific tribes highlights the potential for division within the nation of Israel and the need for careful communication and reconciliation.

in the land of Gilead
Gilead refers to a region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm and rugged terrain. This area was part of the inheritance given to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. The geographical reference serves as a reminder of the fulfillment of God's promises regarding the land, yet also the challenges of maintaining unity across physical distances. Historically, Gilead was a frontier region, often requiring strong leadership to maintain order and allegiance to the central worship in Jerusalem.

With him they sent
This phrase indicates a delegation, a common practice in ancient Israel for ensuring that decisions and actions were representative and communal. The Hebrew root for "sent" (שָׁלַח, shalach) often implies a mission or purpose. This reflects the seriousness and intentionality behind the action, emphasizing the importance of unity and collective responsibility in the community of Israel.

ten chiefs
The number ten in Hebrew culture often symbolizes completeness or order. The "chiefs" (נָשִׂיא, nasi) were leaders or princes, indicating individuals of significant authority and respect. This selection underscores the importance of the mission, as it required the involvement of the highest-ranking leaders to ensure the message was conveyed with authority and clarity.

one family leader from each tribe of Israel
This phrase highlights the representative nature of the delegation. Each tribe of Israel was to have a voice, ensuring that the entire nation was involved in the decision-making process. The Hebrew term for "family leader" (רֹאשׁ, rosh) signifies a head or chief, emphasizing the hierarchical structure within the tribes and the importance of leadership in maintaining order and unity.

each the head of a family
The repetition of leadership roles underscores the importance of accountability and representation. The "head" (רֹאשׁ, rosh) of a family was responsible for the welfare and spiritual guidance of their household, reflecting the broader responsibility of the leaders to guide the nation in faithfulness to God.

among the clans of Israel
The term "clans" (מִשְׁפָּחָה, mishpachah) refers to extended family groups within the tribes. This structure was foundational to Israelite society, emphasizing the interconnectedness of families and tribes. The inclusion of clan leaders in this delegation highlights the importance of maintaining unity and cohesion within the diverse and multifaceted community of Israel.

So they went
This phrase indicates a deliberate action taken by the delegation from the rest of Israel. The Hebrew root for "went" is "halak," which often implies a purposeful journey or mission. This reflects the seriousness with which the Israelites approached the potential conflict, emphasizing the importance of unity and obedience to God's commands. Historically, this journey underscores the geographical and relational distance between the tribes, highlighting the need for communication and reconciliation.

to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
These tribes had chosen to settle on the eastern side of the Jordan River, as recorded earlier in the book of Joshua. Their decision was based on the suitability of the land for their livestock, as described in Numbers 32. The mention of these specific tribes serves as a reminder of their unique position within the nation of Israel. They were part of the covenant community but physically separated, which could lead to misunderstandings or feelings of isolation. This context is crucial for understanding the potential for conflict and the need for careful dialogue.

in the land of Gilead
Gilead is a region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm and rugged terrain. The land's name is often associated with healing and provision, as seen in Jeremiah 8:22. Theologically, Gilead represents a place of God's provision and blessing, yet it also symbolizes the challenges of maintaining faithfulness when separated from the central worship community. The tribes' location in Gilead highlights the tension between enjoying God's blessings and the risk of spiritual drift.

and said to them
This phrase introduces the dialogue that follows, emphasizing the importance of communication in resolving disputes. The Hebrew verb "amar" (to say) is used here, which can imply a range of speech acts, from casual conversation to solemn declaration. In this context, it suggests a formal and serious address, reflecting the gravity of the situation. Theologically, this moment underscores the power of words to build or destroy community, reminding believers of the biblical call to speak truth in love (Ephesians 4:15).

This is what the whole congregation of the LORD says
The phrase emphasizes the unity and collective authority of the Israelite community. The "whole congregation" signifies the entire assembly of Israel, representing a unified voice under God's covenant. Historically, this reflects the theocratic nature of Israel, where decisions and declarations were made with a sense of communal responsibility and divine guidance. The "LORD" here is Yahweh, the covenant name of God, underscoring the sacred relationship between God and His people.

What is this breach of faith
The term "breach of faith" is translated from the Hebrew word "ma'al," which implies an act of treachery or unfaithfulness. In the context of the covenant, it denotes a serious violation of trust. This phrase highlights the gravity of the situation, as faithfulness to God was central to Israel's identity and survival. The historical context involves the Israelites' commitment to the covenant established at Sinai, where loyalty to God was paramount.

you have committed against the God of Israel
This phrase personalizes the accusation, pointing directly to the tribes involved. "The God of Israel" is a title that reinforces God's unique relationship with Israel as His chosen people. It serves as a reminder of the divine protection and blessings contingent upon their obedience. The historical backdrop includes the numerous instances where Israel's faithfulness was tested, and the consequences of their disobedience were severe.

by turning away from the LORD
"Turning away" is a phrase that suggests apostasy or a deliberate departure from following God. In Hebrew, it conveys the idea of rebellion or backsliding. This is a critical accusation, as it implies a conscious decision to abandon the covenantal path. Scripturally, turning away from God often led to dire consequences, as seen throughout the narratives of the Old Testament.

and building for yourselves an altar
The act of building an altar was significant in ancient Israelite religion, as altars were places of worship and sacrifice. However, constructing an altar outside of God's command was seen as an act of rebellion. The historical context here is crucial, as the centralization of worship in the tabernacle (and later the temple) was a key aspect of maintaining religious purity and unity. Unauthorized altars were often associated with idolatry or syncretism.

that you might rebel against Him today?
The word "rebel" is strong, indicating a willful defiance against God's authority. In Hebrew, it carries the connotation of insurrection or revolt. The use of "today" adds urgency and immediacy to the accusation, suggesting that the act was not only recent but also a pressing issue that needed to be addressed. Historically, rebellion against God was met with swift judgment, as seen in the accounts of Korah's rebellion and other instances of defiance in the wilderness.

Was not the sin of Peor enough for us
The phrase "the sin of Peor" refers to a significant event in Israel's history recorded in Numbers 25, where the Israelites engaged in idolatry and immorality with the Moabite women, leading to God's wrath. The Hebrew root for "Peor" is פְּעוֹר (Peor), which is associated with the Moabite god Baal-peor. This incident serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. The rhetorical question "Was not...enough for us" emphasizes the gravity of past sins and the need for vigilance against repeating them. It calls believers to remember the lessons of history and to remain faithful to God.

from which even yet we have not been cleansed
The phrase "even yet we have not been cleansed" underscores the lingering impact of sin. The Hebrew word for "cleansed" is טָהֵר (taher), meaning to be pure or clean. This reflects the ongoing struggle with sin and the need for continual repentance and purification. In a spiritual sense, it highlights the importance of seeking God's forgiveness and grace to overcome the residual effects of past transgressions. It serves as a reminder that while God is merciful, the consequences of sin can have lasting effects that require ongoing spiritual diligence.

even though a plague came upon the congregation of the LORD
The "plague" mentioned here refers to the divine punishment that struck the Israelites as a result of their sin at Peor, as recorded in Numbers 25:9, where 24,000 people died. The Hebrew word for "plague" is נֶגַע (nega), which can mean a blow or a stroke, often used in the context of divine judgment. The "congregation of the LORD" refers to the assembly of the Israelites, God's chosen people. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness with which God views sin and the collective responsibility of the community to uphold God's standards. It calls believers to reflect on the holiness of God and the importance of communal faithfulness and accountability.

And are you now turning away from the LORD?
This phrase challenges the Israelites with a poignant question, urging them to reflect on their loyalty to God. The Hebrew root for "turning away" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to turn back or return. This word often implies a physical or spiritual departure from a path or relationship. In the context of the Israelites, it signifies a potential breach in their covenant relationship with God. Historically, the Israelites were chosen to be a people set apart, and turning away from the LORD would mean forsaking their unique identity and purpose. This phrase serves as a reminder of the importance of steadfastness in faith and the dangers of spiritual complacency.

If you rebel against the LORD today
The word "rebel" comes from the Hebrew "מָרָד" (marad), which means to revolt or rise up against authority. In the biblical narrative, rebellion against God is a serious offense, often leading to dire consequences. The Israelites had experienced the repercussions of rebellion during their wilderness journey, and this phrase serves as a warning against repeating past mistakes. It underscores the gravity of disobedience and the need for humility and submission to God's will. Historically, rebellion against God was not just a personal failing but a communal threat, potentially bringing judgment upon the entire nation.

tomorrow He will be angry with the whole congregation of Israel
The phrase "tomorrow He will be angry" highlights the immediacy and certainty of divine response to sin. The Hebrew word for "angry" is "קָצַף" (qatsaph), which conveys a sense of intense displeasure or wrath. This reflects the holiness and justice of God, who cannot tolerate sin. The mention of "the whole congregation of Israel" emphasizes the collective responsibility of the community. In ancient Israel, the actions of individuals could impact the entire nation, illustrating the interconnectedness of the people of God. This serves as a sobering reminder of the communal nature of faith and the importance of accountability within the body of believers.

If indeed the land of your inheritance is unclean
The phrase "land of your inheritance" refers to the territory allotted to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh on the east side of the Jordan River. In the Hebrew context, "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, nachalah) signifies a divinely ordained portion, emphasizing God's sovereign distribution of the land. The concern about the land being "unclean" reflects a deep-seated fear of idolatry or practices that could defile the land, as seen in Levitical laws. This highlights the importance of maintaining spiritual purity and fidelity to God’s commandments.

then cross over to the land of the LORD’s possession
The "land of the LORD’s possession" refers to the land west of the Jordan, where the majority of the Israelites settled. This land is seen as directly under God's dominion, a place of divine favor and blessing. The invitation to "cross over" signifies a call to unity and fellowship within the covenant community, emphasizing that spiritual integrity is more important than geographical boundaries.

where the LORD’s tabernacle stands
The tabernacle was the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. Its location was a focal point for Israelite worship and community life. The mention of the tabernacle underscores the importance of centralized worship and adherence to the prescribed manner of approaching God, as outlined in the Mosaic Law. It serves as a reminder of God's holiness and the need for His people to worship Him in spirit and truth.

and take a possession among us
This phrase is an offer of inclusion and acceptance, suggesting that the tribes could find a place among their brethren if their current land was indeed unsuitable. It reflects the communal nature of Israelite society, where the well-being of the whole community took precedence over individual tribal claims. This offer underscores the unity and solidarity expected among God's people.

But do not rebel against the LORD or against us
Rebellion against the LORD (יְהוָה, Yahweh) is a serious charge, as it implies a breach of covenant and disobedience to God's commands. The historical context reveals that Israel's identity and survival were contingent upon their faithfulness to God. The plea not to rebel is a call to remain steadfast in their commitment to the covenant, recognizing that rebellion against God is also a rebellion against the community of faith.

by building for yourselves an altar other than the altar of the LORD our God
The construction of an unauthorized altar was seen as a direct violation of God's command to have a single, central place of worship. The "altar of the LORD our God" refers to the altar at the tabernacle, the only legitimate place for sacrifices. This prohibition is rooted in Deuteronomy 12, which emphasizes the importance of worshiping God according to His instructions. The concern here is to prevent idolatry and maintain the purity of worship, ensuring that all sacrifices and offerings are made in accordance with divine law. This reflects the broader biblical theme of obedience and the dangers of syncretism.

Was not Achan son of Zerah
This phrase introduces Achan, a significant figure whose actions had profound consequences for Israel. Achan, whose name in Hebrew means "troubler," was a member of the tribe of Judah. His lineage, "son of Zerah," connects him to the broader narrative of Israel's history, emphasizing the importance of family and tribal identity in the Old Testament. The mention of Achan serves as a reminder of the personal responsibility each individual holds within the community of God's people.

unfaithful regarding what was set apart for destruction
The term "unfaithful" in Hebrew is "ma'al," which conveys a sense of treachery or betrayal. Achan's sin was not merely a personal failing but a breach of covenant with God. The "what was set apart for destruction" refers to the devoted things from Jericho, which were to be destroyed or given to the Lord as an offering. Achan's taking of these items was a direct violation of God's command, highlighting the seriousness of disobedience and the sacredness of God's instructions.

and did not wrath fall on the whole congregation of Israel?
The "wrath" mentioned here is God's righteous anger, which in Hebrew is "aph," often depicted as a burning or kindled anger. This wrath affected the "whole congregation of Israel," illustrating the communal nature of sin and its consequences. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the actions of one could bring repercussions upon the entire community, underscoring the interconnectedness of the people of God and the importance of collective holiness and obedience.

He was not the only one who perished because of his sin
This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the far-reaching impact of sin. The Hebrew word for "perished" is "abad," meaning to be lost or destroyed. Achan's sin led to the defeat of Israel at Ai and the loss of life among the Israelites. This highlights the biblical principle that sin, while personal, often has communal consequences. It serves as a warning to the faithful about the seriousness of sin and the importance of living in accordance with God's will to avoid bringing harm to oneself and others.

Then
The word "then" serves as a transitional term, indicating a response or a sequence of events. In the context of Joshua 22, it marks the moment when the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh address a concern raised by the other Israelites. This word underscores the importance of timing and response in the narrative, highlighting the immediacy and urgency of the situation. It reminds us of the importance of timely communication and resolution in matters of faith and community.

the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
These tribes were part of the Transjordan tribes, who had settled on the east side of the Jordan River. Historically, their choice of land was due to its suitability for their large herds and flocks (Numbers 32). The mention of these tribes here is significant as it sets the stage for a potential misunderstanding with the rest of Israel. Their geographical separation from the other tribes symbolizes the challenges of unity and the potential for division within the body of believers. It serves as a reminder of the need for vigilance in maintaining unity and understanding among God's people.

replied
The act of replying indicates a dialogue, a two-way communication. In Hebrew, the root word often conveys the idea of answering or responding thoughtfully. This response from the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh is crucial as it reflects their desire to clarify their intentions and maintain peace. It emphasizes the importance of addressing misunderstandings directly and with clarity, a principle that is vital in maintaining harmony within the Christian community.

to the heads of the clans of Israel
The "heads of the clans" refers to the leaders or elders of the Israelite tribes. These were respected figures with authority and responsibility for the welfare of their people. Their involvement in this dialogue highlights the importance of leadership in resolving conflicts and guiding the community according to God's will. It serves as a reminder of the role of godly leadership in fostering unity and understanding within the church.

The LORD, the Mighty One, God, the LORD, the Mighty One, God, He knows
This phrase begins with a powerful declaration of God's identity and omniscience. The repetition of "The LORD, the Mighty One, God" emphasizes the supreme authority and power of Yahweh. In Hebrew, "LORD" is "YHWH," the covenant name of God, signifying His eternal presence and faithfulness. "Mighty One" translates to "El," a term denoting strength and might, often used to describe God's power in creation and deliverance. The repetition underscores the seriousness of the declaration and the acknowledgment of God's ultimate knowledge and judgment. This phrase sets the tone for the sincerity and gravity of the statement that follows, as the tribes appeal to God's omniscience to affirm their innocence.

and may Israel also know!
Here, the plea extends to the nation of Israel, seeking their understanding and acknowledgment of the truth. The Hebrew word for "know" is "yada," which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge. The speakers desire that Israel, as a community, recognizes their intentions and actions as pure and aligned with God's will. This reflects a deep concern for unity and integrity within the covenant community, emphasizing the importance of transparency and mutual understanding among God's people.

If this has been in rebellion or disobedience to the LORD
The phrase introduces a conditional statement, acknowledging the possibility of wrongdoing. "Rebellion" and "disobedience" are serious charges, indicating a breach of covenant loyalty. In Hebrew, "rebellion" is "mara," suggesting a willful defiance against God's authority, while "disobedience" is "ma'al," often associated with treachery or unfaithfulness. The speakers are willing to confront these accusations head-on, demonstrating their commitment to uphold God's covenant and their readiness to be held accountable if found guilty.

do not spare us today
This phrase is a bold declaration of accountability and submission to divine justice. The speakers express their willingness to accept the consequences if they have indeed acted against God's commands. The Hebrew concept here is one of complete surrender to God's righteous judgment, trusting in His fairness and mercy. This reflects a profound faith in God's justice and a desire to maintain the purity and holiness of the community, even at personal cost. It underscores the seriousness with which they regard their covenant relationship with God and their fellow Israelites.

If we have built for ourselves an altar
The phrase "built for ourselves an altar" suggests an act of self-reliance or self-determination in worship, which could be seen as a deviation from the prescribed worship practices given by God. In the Hebrew context, the word for "altar" (מִזְבֵּחַ, mizbeach) is significant as it denotes a place of sacrifice and worship. Historically, altars were central to Israelite worship, symbolizing a meeting place between God and man. The construction of an unauthorized altar could imply a breach of covenant, as altars were to be built according to divine instruction.

to turn away from the LORD
The phrase "to turn away from the LORD" indicates apostasy or rebellion against God. In Hebrew, the concept of "turning away" (סוּר, sur) often implies a deliberate departure from God's commandments and covenant. This is a serious accusation, as faithfulness to the LORD was central to Israel's identity and relationship with God. The historical context of Israel's covenant with God at Sinai underscores the gravity of such an action, as turning away would lead to dire consequences, including loss of divine favor and protection.

or to offer burnt offerings and grain offerings
"Burnt offerings" (עוֹלָה, olah) and "grain offerings" (מִנְחָה, minchah) were integral parts of the sacrificial system established in Leviticus. These offerings were acts of worship and atonement, symbolizing dedication and thanksgiving to God. The mention of these offerings highlights the potential misuse of the altar for unauthorized worship. In the historical context, offering sacrifices outside the designated place (the Tabernacle or later the Temple) was forbidden, as it could lead to idolatry or syncretism.

or to make sacrifices of peace offerings on it
"Peace offerings" (שֶׁלֶם, shelem) were communal meals shared between the offerer, the priests, and God, symbolizing fellowship and thanksgiving. The inclusion of peace offerings in this verse emphasizes the communal and relational aspect of worship. Unauthorized peace offerings could disrupt the unity and purity of Israel's worship community. The historical context of the Israelites' journey and settlement in the Promised Land underscores the importance of maintaining a unified worship practice to preserve their covenant relationship with God.

may the LORD Himself demand an account
The phrase "may the LORD Himself demand an account" reflects a deep sense of accountability to God. In Hebrew, the concept of "demanding an account" (בָּקַשׁ, baqash) implies seeking or requiring an explanation or justification. This reflects the seriousness with which the Israelites viewed their covenant obligations. Theologically, it underscores the belief in God's sovereignty and justice, as He alone has the authority to judge the hearts and actions of His people. This accountability is a reminder of the Israelites' dependence on God's grace and mercy, as well as their responsibility to uphold His commandments.

But in fact we have done this for fear that in the future your descendants might say to ours, 'What have you to do with the LORD, the God of Israel?'
But in fact
This phrase introduces a clarification or justification, indicating a contrast with what might have been assumed. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "אֲבָל" (aval), which often serves to correct a misunderstanding. The tribes east of the Jordan River are addressing a potential misconception about their intentions, emphasizing the truth of their motives. This highlights the importance of clear communication and the need to address misunderstandings within the community of faith.

we have done this
The action referred to is the building of an altar by the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. This was a significant act, as altars were central to worship and covenantal practices in ancient Israel. The Hebrew verb "עָשִׂינוּ" (asinu) implies deliberate and purposeful action. This underscores the tribes' intentionality and the seriousness with which they approached their covenant relationship with God.

for fear
The motivation behind their action is fear, specifically a fear of future separation from the community of Israel. The Hebrew word "מִדְאָגָה" (mid'agah) conveys a sense of anxiety or concern. This reflects a deep-seated desire to maintain unity and continuity in worship and identity among the tribes, highlighting the importance of communal integrity in the faith journey.

that in the future
This phrase points to a forward-looking perspective, considering the long-term implications of their actions. The Hebrew "מָחָר" (machar) can mean "tomorrow" or "in time to come," emphasizing the foresight and prudence of the tribes. It serves as a reminder of the importance of considering future generations in our spiritual decisions and the legacy of faith we leave behind.

your descendants might say to ours
Here, the focus is on the relationship between future generations. The Hebrew "בְּנֵיכֶם" (beneichem) and "בָּנֵינוּ" (baneinu) refer to "your sons" and "our sons," respectively. This highlights the intergenerational aspect of faith and the responsibility to ensure that the covenant with God is understood and upheld by those who come after us. It underscores the communal nature of the covenant and the need for continuity in worship and identity.

What have you to do with the LORD, the God of Israel?
This rhetorical question anticipates a challenge to the eastern tribes' connection to the God of Israel. The Hebrew "מַה־לָּכֶם וְלַיהוָה" (mah-lakhem v'layhova) suggests a questioning of legitimacy or belonging. This reflects the centrality of the LORD as the unifying figure in Israel's identity and the potential for division when that unity is questioned. It serves as a call to ensure that all members of the faith community are recognized and included in the covenant relationship with God.

For the LORD has made
This phrase emphasizes divine sovereignty and purpose. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, signifying His eternal presence and authority. The use of "made" (Hebrew: עָשָׂה, 'asah) indicates an intentional act by God, underscoring His role as the ultimate architect of boundaries and destinies. This reflects the belief that God actively shapes the world and its history, a central tenet in conservative Christian theology.

the Jordan a border
The Jordan River serves as a significant geographical and spiritual boundary. In Hebrew, "Jordan" (יַרְדֵּן, Yarden) means "descender," reflecting its flow from the highlands to the Dead Sea. Historically, the Jordan was a natural division between the tribes of Israel. Spiritually, it symbolizes transitions and divine interventions, such as Israel's crossing into the Promised Land. The term "border" (גְּבוּל, gevul) implies a divinely ordained separation, reinforcing the idea of distinct roles and inheritances among God's people.

between us and you, O Reubenites and Gadites
This phrase identifies the specific tribes involved: the Reubenites and Gadites, who settled east of the Jordan. Historically, these tribes chose land outside the main body of Israel, which sometimes led to misunderstandings and tensions. The mention of "us and you" highlights the potential for division within the community of God's people, a recurring theme in the Old Testament. It serves as a reminder of the need for unity and understanding among believers.

You have no share in the LORD
The phrase "no share" (חֵלֶק, chelek) suggests exclusion from communal worship and blessings. In the context of ancient Israel, having a "share" in the LORD meant participating in the covenant community and its spiritual heritage. This statement reflects a fear of spiritual alienation, a concern that resonates with conservative Christian values emphasizing the importance of remaining within the faith community to maintain one's relationship with God.

So your descendants might cause our own to stop fearing the LORD
The word "descendants" (בָּנִים, banim) refers to future generations, highlighting the long-term impact of present actions. The phrase "stop fearing the LORD" (יִרְאַת יְהוָה, yirat Yahweh) speaks to the heart of Israel's covenant relationship with God, where "fear" denotes reverence and obedience. The concern here is that separation might lead to a loss of faith and reverence for God among future generations. This reflects a conservative Christian emphasis on the transmission of faith and values to one's children, ensuring that they remain within the fold of God's covenant community.

That is why we said, 'Let us take action and build an altar for ourselves, but not for burnt offerings or sacrifices.'
That is why we said
This phrase indicates a decision-making process that was rooted in a specific rationale. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh are explaining their motives. In the Hebrew context, the word for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) often implies a thoughtful declaration or intention. This reflects a careful consideration of their actions, emphasizing the importance of communication and clarity in communal decisions.

Let us take action
The phrase suggests a proactive approach. The Hebrew root for "take action" (עָשָׂה, 'asah) means to do, make, or accomplish. This indicates a deliberate and purposeful initiative. In the context of the Israelites, taking action was often a response to divine instruction or a communal need, highlighting the importance of aligning actions with God's will.

and build an altar for ourselves
Building an altar was a significant act in ancient Israelite culture, symbolizing worship, remembrance, and covenant. The Hebrew word for "altar" (מִזְבֵּחַ, mizbeach) is derived from a root meaning "to sacrifice." However, the tribes clarify that this altar is not for sacrifices, indicating a different purpose. This reflects the importance of altars as places of witness and unity, not just sacrifice.

but not for burnt offerings or sacrifices
This clarification is crucial. The Hebrew terms for "burnt offerings" (עוֹלָה, olah) and "sacrifices" (זֶבַח, zevach) refer to specific types of offerings commanded by God. By stating that the altar is not for these purposes, the tribes are emphasizing their respect for the central place of worship established by God at the tabernacle. This distinction underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands regarding worship and the centralization of sacrificial practices, which were meant to prevent idolatry and maintain unity among the tribes.

but as a witness
The term "witness" in Hebrew is "עֵד" (ed), which signifies a testimony or evidence. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a witness was crucial for establishing truth and maintaining covenantal relationships. Here, the altar serves as a tangible reminder of the unity and shared faith between the tribes, transcending geographical boundaries. It underscores the importance of visible symbols in maintaining spiritual truths and communal bonds.

between us and you
This phrase emphasizes the relational aspect of the covenant. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh are affirming their connection with the other tribes of Israel. The use of "between" highlights the mutual recognition and accountability that exists within the covenant community. It reflects the biblical principle that faith is not just personal but communal, involving shared beliefs and responsibilities.

and the generations to come
The Hebrew phrase here points to the continuity of faith across time. The concern is not only for the present generation but also for future descendants. This reflects the biblical emphasis on the transmission of faith and the importance of teaching the next generation about God's covenant and His mighty works. It is a call to ensure that the knowledge of God and His commandments are preserved and passed down.

so that we may perform the service of the LORD
The "service of the LORD" refers to the worship and sacrificial system established by God. The Hebrew word for "service" is "עֲבוֹדָה" (avodah), which encompasses worship, labor, and service. This highlights the holistic nature of worship in Israel, where serving God involved both ritual acts and daily obedience. It underscores the privilege and responsibility of serving God according to His prescribed ways.

in His presence
The phrase "in His presence" signifies the centrality of God's presence in worship. In the Hebrew context, God's presence was associated with the tabernacle and later the temple, where His glory dwelt. This underscores the belief that true worship occurs where God is present, and it is His presence that sanctifies and validates the worship offered.

with our burnt offerings, sacrifices, and peace offerings
These offerings represent different aspects of Israel's sacrificial system. The "burnt offering" (עֹלָה, olah) was a symbol of complete dedication to God. "Sacrifices" (זֶבַח, zevach) often referred to offerings that included a communal meal, symbolizing fellowship with God. "Peace offerings" (שֶׁלֶם, shelem) were expressions of thanksgiving and communion. Together, they illustrate the multifaceted nature of worship, involving atonement, fellowship, and gratitude.

Then in the future
This phrase looks forward, emphasizing foresight and planning in spiritual matters. It reflects a proactive approach to faith, ensuring that future challenges to unity and faithfulness are addressed. It is a reminder of the importance of preparing for future spiritual needs and potential conflicts.

your descendants cannot say to ours
This anticipates potential disputes and misunderstandings between future generations. It highlights the importance of clear communication and established symbols to prevent division. It is a call to safeguard unity and understanding within the faith community, recognizing that assumptions and forgetfulness can lead to conflict.

‘You have no share in the LORD.’
This statement addresses the fear of exclusion from the covenant community. In the Hebrew context, having a "share" (חֵלֶק, chelek) in the LORD meant being part of His people and receiving His promises. This phrase underscores the importance of inclusion and the assurance of belonging to God's covenant people. It is a powerful reminder of the unity and equality of all believers in the eyes of God.

Therefore we said
This phrase indicates a decision or conclusion reached after careful consideration. In the Hebrew context, the word often translated as "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a declaration or proclamation. The tribes east of the Jordan are making a definitive statement to clarify their intentions. This reflects the importance of communication and the need to articulate one's intentions clearly to avoid misunderstandings, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture.

If they ever say this to us or to our descendants
The phrase anticipates future generations and potential accusations or misunderstandings. The Hebrew culture placed significant emphasis on lineage and heritage, understanding that actions taken by one generation could impact those that follow. This foresight underscores the importance of establishing a legacy of faithfulness and clear testimony for future generations, a theme echoed in Deuteronomy 6:6-7, where the Israelites are instructed to teach God's commandments to their children.

we will answer
The readiness to provide an answer reflects a proactive approach to potential conflict. In 1 Peter 3:15, believers are encouraged to always be prepared to give an answer for their hope. This mirrors the Israelites' preparedness to defend their actions and intentions, emphasizing the importance of being equipped with truth and understanding to address challenges to one's faith or actions.

Look at the replica of the LORD’s altar
The word "replica" suggests a copy or model, not the original. The Hebrew term used here can imply a pattern or likeness. The altar was not intended for sacrifices but as a symbol. This distinction is crucial, as it highlights the importance of symbols in worship and community identity. The altar served as a tangible reminder of their shared faith and covenant with God, much like the memorial stones set up in Joshua 4:7.

that our fathers made
This phrase connects the current generation with their ancestors, emphasizing continuity and respect for tradition. The actions of the "fathers" or ancestors were foundational, and their intentions were to be honored and remembered. This reflects the biblical principle of honoring one's heritage and the faith of previous generations, as seen in passages like Hebrews 11, which recounts the faith of the patriarchs.

not for burnt offerings or sacrifices
This clarification is crucial, as it distinguishes the altar's purpose from the central altar at the Tabernacle, where sacrifices were to be made. The Hebrew sacrificial system was specific about where and how offerings were to be presented (Deuteronomy 12:13-14). By stating this, the tribes affirm their adherence to God's law and the central place of worship, avoiding idolatry or unauthorized worship practices.

but as a witness between us and you
The altar served as a "witness," a term that in Hebrew (עֵד, 'ed) implies testimony or evidence. It was a physical testament to the unity and shared faith of the tribes on both sides of the Jordan. This concept of a witness is significant in biblical law and narrative, where witnesses establish truth and confirm covenants (Deuteronomy 19:15). The altar as a witness underscores the importance of visible, tangible reminders of spiritual truths and communal bonds.

Far be it from us
This phrase is a strong expression of rejection or denial. In Hebrew, the phrase is "חָלִילָה לָּנוּ" (chalilah lanu), which conveys a sense of abhorrence or something that is unthinkable. It reflects the deep commitment of the Israelites to remain faithful to God and His commandments. This phrase is often used in the Old Testament to express a strong moral or ethical stance, indicating that the speaker is distancing themselves from an action or thought that is considered wrong or offensive.

to rebel against the LORD
The word "rebel" in Hebrew is "מָרוֹד" (marod), which means to revolt or rise up against authority. In the context of the Israelites, rebelling against the LORD would mean turning away from His commandments and covenant. Historically, the Israelites were chosen as God's people, and their identity was deeply tied to their obedience to Him. Rebellion would not only be a personal sin but a communal breach of their covenant relationship with God.

and turn away from following the LORD
The phrase "turn away" is translated from the Hebrew "לָשׁוּב מֵאַחֲרֵי" (lashuv me'acharei), which implies a physical and spiritual departure. In the biblical narrative, following the LORD is synonymous with walking in His ways and adhering to His laws. Turning away would signify a deliberate choice to abandon the path of righteousness and the blessings that come with it. This phrase underscores the importance of steadfastness in faith and the dangers of spiritual apostasy.

by building an altar
Building an altar in ancient Israel was a significant act, often associated with worship and sacrifice. However, the construction of unauthorized altars was strictly forbidden, as it could lead to idolatry or false worship. The Israelites were commanded to worship at the designated place, the Tabernacle, and later the Temple in Jerusalem. This phrase highlights the potential for religious practices to deviate from God's instructions, emphasizing the need for adherence to divine ordinances.

for burnt offerings, grain offerings, or sacrifices
These offerings were central to the worship practices of the Israelites, each with specific purposes and regulations as outlined in the Torah. Burnt offerings (Hebrew: "עוֹלָה" - olah) were made for atonement, grain offerings (Hebrew: "מִנְחָה" - minchah) were expressions of devotion, and sacrifices (Hebrew: "זֶבַח" - zevach) often involved communal meals and thanksgiving. The mention of these offerings underscores the seriousness of the act of building an altar, as it pertains to the core of Israelite worship and their covenant relationship with God.

other than the altar of the LORD our God
This phrase emphasizes the exclusivity and sanctity of the altar designated by God. The "altar of the LORD" refers to the central place of worship where God had chosen to make His presence known among His people. It was a symbol of unity and divine authority. By specifying "other than," the verse reinforces the prohibition against unauthorized worship practices and the importance of maintaining the purity of worship as commanded by God.

which stands before His tabernacle
The tabernacle was the portable dwelling place of God among the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness. It was the center of worship and the place where God's presence was manifested. The phrase "stands before His tabernacle" indicates the rightful place for offerings and sacrifices, as ordained by God. It serves as a reminder of God's provision and guidance, and the need for the Israelites to honor His established order for worship.

When Phinehas the priest
Phinehas, the son of Eleazar and grandson of Aaron, is a significant figure in Israel's history. His zeal for God's holiness is well-documented, particularly in Numbers 25, where he took decisive action against idolatry. The Hebrew root for "priest" (כֹּהֵן, kohen) signifies one who serves as a mediator between God and the people. Phinehas' presence here underscores the importance of spiritual leadership in resolving potential conflicts within the community of faith.

and the leaders of the congregation
The "leaders" (נְשִׂיאִים, nesi'im) were the heads of the tribes, responsible for guiding and representing their people. Their involvement in this situation highlights the collective responsibility of leadership in maintaining unity and peace. Historically, these leaders were chosen for their wisdom and ability to discern God's will, reflecting the communal nature of decision-making in ancient Israel.

the heads of Israel’s clans who were with him
The "heads" (רָאשִׁים, roshim) of the clans were the patriarchal figures within the tribes, emphasizing the familial structure of Israelite society. Their presence with Phinehas indicates a unified front in addressing the concerns raised by the altar built by the eastern tribes. This phrase underscores the importance of involving all levels of leadership in significant decisions affecting the nation.

heard what the descendants of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh had to say
The act of "hearing" (שָׁמַע, shama) in Hebrew often implies understanding and obedience. The leaders' willingness to listen reflects a commitment to justice and reconciliation. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan River, and their actions were initially misunderstood as rebellion. This phrase highlights the importance of communication and seeking understanding before passing judgment.

they were satisfied
The Hebrew word for "satisfied" (יָטַב, yatab) conveys a sense of being pleased or finding something good. The leaders' satisfaction indicates that the explanation given by the eastern tribes was deemed acceptable and aligned with God's covenant. This resolution prevented potential civil strife and preserved the unity of the nation. It serves as a reminder of the power of dialogue and the pursuit of peace within the body of believers.

And Phinehas son of Eleazar the priest
Phinehas, a significant figure in Israel's history, is known for his zealousness for God's holiness, as seen in Numbers 25. His lineage as the son of Eleazar, the high priest, and grandson of Aaron, places him in a position of spiritual authority. The Hebrew root of his name, "Pinchas," suggests a connection to boldness and protection, reflecting his role as a defender of the covenant.

said to Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh
These tribes, settled on the east side of the Jordan, had built an altar that caused concern among the other Israelites. Historically, these tribes were often seen as somewhat separate due to their geographical location. The mention of their names here emphasizes the unity and reconciliation achieved through dialogue and understanding, a theme prevalent throughout the narrative of Joshua.

Today we know that the LORD is among us
This declaration signifies a moment of divine affirmation and presence. The Hebrew word for "know," "yada," implies an intimate understanding and recognition of God's active role in their midst. It reflects the covenant relationship where God's presence is a sign of His favor and guidance.

because you have not committed this treachery against Him
The term "treachery" in Hebrew, "ma'al," often denotes a breach of faith or betrayal. The tribes' actions were initially misunderstood as rebellion, but their explanation revealed their true intentions. This highlights the importance of communication and the dangers of assumptions within the community of faith.

As a result, you have delivered the Israelites
The phrase underscores the collective responsibility and interconnectedness of the tribes. The Hebrew root "natsal," meaning to deliver or save, is often used in contexts of divine rescue. Here, it emphasizes how their actions preserved the unity and spiritual integrity of the nation.

from the hand of the LORD
This expression conveys the concept of divine judgment or discipline. The "hand of the LORD" is a metaphor for His power and authority. By averting potential conflict and misunderstanding, the tribes avoided the consequences of divine displeasure, underscoring the theme of obedience and faithfulness to God's commands.

Then Phinehas son of Eleazar the priest
Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, is a significant figure in Israel's history. His lineage as the grandson of Aaron, the first high priest, underscores his authority and spiritual leadership. Phinehas is known for his zealousness for God's holiness, as seen in Numbers 25, where he took decisive action to stop a plague among the Israelites. His involvement in this mission highlights the importance of priestly leadership in maintaining the unity and purity of the Israelite community.

and the leaders
The inclusion of leaders alongside Phinehas indicates a collective responsibility and a shared leadership model in ancient Israel. These leaders likely represented the tribes of Israel, ensuring that the concerns and decisions were communal rather than individual. This reflects the biblical principle of wise counsel and the importance of unity among God's people.

returned from the Reubenites and Gadites
The Reubenites and Gadites, along with the half-tribe of Manasseh, had settled on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Their geographical separation from the rest of Israel posed potential challenges to unity. The return of Phinehas and the leaders signifies the resolution of a potential conflict, emphasizing the importance of reconciliation and understanding among God's people.

in the land of Gilead
Gilead, a region east of the Jordan River, was known for its balm, a healing ointment, symbolizing healing and restoration. The mention of Gilead here can be seen as a metaphor for the healing of relationships and the restoration of trust between the tribes of Israel.

to the land of Canaan
Canaan, the Promised Land, represents the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs. The return to Canaan signifies a return to the center of God's covenantal promises and blessings. It underscores the importance of unity and faithfulness to God's commands as the Israelites inhabit the land given to them by God.

to the Israelites
The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. This collective identity is crucial, as it emphasizes the unity and shared heritage of the twelve tribes. The resolution of the issue with the eastern tribes reinforces their identity as one people under God.

and brought back a report to them
The act of bringing back a report highlights the importance of communication and transparency in leadership. It reflects the biblical principle of accountability and the need for leaders to keep the community informed. This report was not just a formality but a means of maintaining trust and unity among the tribes of Israel.

The Israelites were satisfied with the report
The phrase "The Israelites were satisfied" indicates a collective sense of relief and contentment among the people of Israel. The Hebrew root for "satisfied" is "yashar," which conveys a sense of being right or straight. This satisfaction came from understanding that their fellow tribes had not turned away from God. Historically, this reflects the importance of unity and trust within the community of Israel, emphasizing the need for clear communication and understanding among God's people.

and they blessed God
The act of blessing God, "barak" in Hebrew, signifies an expression of praise and gratitude. This response highlights the Israelites' recognition of God's sovereignty and their dependence on His guidance. In a broader scriptural context, blessing God is a recurring theme that underscores the relationship between God and His people, where gratitude is a natural response to His faithfulness and provision.

And they spoke no more about going to war against them
This phrase reflects a pivotal moment of reconciliation and peace. The potential for civil war was averted through dialogue and understanding. The Hebrew word for "spoke," "dabar," often implies a formal or significant communication. This cessation of hostile intentions underscores the power of peaceful resolution and the importance of seeking understanding before conflict, aligning with the biblical principle of living in harmony with one another.

to devastate the land
The term "devastate" comes from the Hebrew "shachat," meaning to destroy or ruin. This word choice conveys the severity of the potential conflict and the destructive consequences that were avoided. It serves as a reminder of the value of preserving life and land, which are gifts from God, and the responsibility to protect and steward these blessings.

where the Reubenites and Gadites lived
The mention of the "Reubenites and Gadites" situates the narrative in a specific tribal context. These tribes had chosen to settle on the east side of the Jordan River, a decision that initially caused suspicion among the other Israelites. Historically, this highlights the challenges of maintaining unity among diverse groups with different geographical and cultural contexts. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of God's people being one body, despite their differences, and the importance of mutual respect and understanding.

And the Reubenites and Gadites
The Reubenites and Gadites were two of the tribes of Israel who had chosen to settle on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Historically, these tribes were known for their pastoral lifestyle, and their decision to settle outside the Promised Land proper was initially met with suspicion by the other tribes. This context highlights the importance of unity and understanding within the body of believers, as these tribes sought to maintain their connection to the rest of Israel despite geographical separation.

named the altar
Naming in the Hebrew tradition often signifies authority, purpose, or a significant event. By naming the altar, the Reubenites and Gadites were asserting its purpose and significance. In biblical times, altars were not only places of sacrifice but also served as memorials or testimonies to significant events or covenants. This act of naming underscores the importance of intentionality in worship and remembrance.

Witness
The Hebrew word for "witness" is "עֵד" (ed), which implies a testimony or evidence. In this context, the altar served as a physical reminder and testimony of the unity and shared faith of the tribes, despite their physical separation. It is a powerful reminder of the importance of having tangible reminders of our faith and commitments, serving as a testament to future generations of the truths we hold dear.

For they said
This phrase indicates a declaration or proclamation. It emphasizes the intentionality behind the actions of the Reubenites and Gadites. Their statement was not just for their own reassurance but was meant to communicate to all of Israel their continued allegiance to the LORD. It reflects the importance of clear communication and the public declaration of faith within the community of believers.

It is a witness between us
The phrase underscores the communal aspect of faith. The altar was not just a personal or tribal symbol but a shared witness between the tribes. This highlights the biblical principle of accountability and mutual encouragement within the body of Christ. It serves as a reminder that our faith is not lived out in isolation but in community with others.

that the LORD is God
This declaration affirms the central tenet of Israel's faith: the acknowledgment of the LORD (Yahweh) as the one true God. In a world filled with polytheism and idolatry, this statement was a bold affirmation of monotheism and covenant loyalty. It serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of maintaining the purity of our faith and the centrality of God in our lives. This declaration is a call to steadfastness and fidelity to the God who has revealed Himself to His people.