Now the two angels
The phrase "two angels" refers to the divine messengers sent by God. In Hebrew, the word for angels is "מַלְאָכִים" (mal'akhim), which means "messengers." These beings are often depicted as carrying out God's will, and their presence signifies a moment of divine intervention. The number "two" is significant, as it often represents confirmation and witness in biblical terms, suggesting the seriousness of their mission to Sodom.

arrived at Sodom
The city of Sodom is historically and archaeologically significant, often associated with sin and divine judgment. The Hebrew root for Sodom, "סְדוֹם" (S'dom), is linked to burning or scorched, reflecting its eventual fate. The arrival of the angels marks a pivotal moment in the narrative, as Sodom's reputation for wickedness is about to be confronted by divine justice.

in the evening
The timing of "evening" is symbolic in biblical literature, often representing a time of transition or impending change. In Hebrew culture, the evening marks the beginning of a new day, suggesting that the events about to unfold will lead to a new reality for Sodom and Lot. It also implies a sense of urgency and impending darkness, both literal and moral.

and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city
The "gateway" of a city in ancient times was not just a physical entrance but a place of social and legal activity. Lot's presence there indicates his role as a prominent figure or leader within Sodom. The Hebrew word "שַׁעַר" (sha'ar) for gateway suggests a place of decision-making and judgment, highlighting Lot's compromised position in a city known for its wickedness.

When Lot saw them
Lot's immediate recognition of the angels suggests his awareness of their divine nature or at least their importance. The act of seeing, "רָאָה" (ra'ah) in Hebrew, often implies understanding or perceiving beyond the physical, indicating Lot's spiritual sensitivity despite his surroundings.

he got up to meet them
Lot's action of getting up to meet the angels demonstrates hospitality and respect, a crucial aspect of ancient Near Eastern culture. This gesture indicates his willingness to serve and protect these visitors, contrasting with the city's general attitude.

and bowed facedown
Bowing facedown is an act of deep reverence and submission, "שָׁחָה" (shachah) in Hebrew. This physical act reflects Lot's recognition of the angels' authority and possibly his acknowledgment of their divine mission. It sets the stage for the unfolding drama, highlighting Lot's internal conflict between his faith and his environment.

My lords
The Hebrew word used here is "אֲדֹנָי" (Adonai), which is a term of respect and recognition of authority. In the context of Genesis 19, Lot addresses the visitors with a deep sense of reverence, acknowledging their importance. This reflects the cultural norms of hospitality and respect in ancient Near Eastern societies, where guests were often treated with the utmost honor.

please turn aside
The phrase "please turn aside" is a polite invitation, indicative of the hospitality that was a crucial aspect of ancient Middle Eastern culture. The Hebrew word "סוּרוּ" (suru) implies a gentle urging or request. Lot's insistence on providing shelter underscores the biblical theme of hospitality as a righteous act, aligning with the broader scriptural narrative that emphasizes caring for strangers.

into the house of your servant
Lot refers to himself as a "servant," using the Hebrew word "עֶבֶד" (eved), which denotes humility and a willingness to serve. This self-identification as a servant is significant, as it reflects Lot's understanding of his role in relation to his guests and his desire to honor them. The concept of servanthood is a recurring theme in the Bible, highlighting the virtue of humility and service to others.

wash your feet
Foot washing was a common practice in ancient times, serving both practical and symbolic purposes. The act of washing feet, often performed by a host or a servant, was a gesture of welcome and care. It is reminiscent of later biblical narratives, such as Jesus washing the disciples' feet, symbolizing purification, humility, and service.

spend the night
The invitation to "spend the night" reflects the urgency and concern Lot had for the safety of his guests. In the ancient world, nighttime travel was fraught with danger, and offering shelter was a protective measure. This phrase underscores the biblical principle of providing refuge and safety to those in need.

Then you can rise early and go on your way
Lot's suggestion to "rise early and go on your way" indicates his awareness of the potential dangers in Sodom. The phrase suggests a desire for the guests to leave before the city awakens, highlighting Lot's protective instincts. It also reflects the biblical theme of divine timing and guidance, as the visitors' journey is part of a larger divine plan.

No, they answered, we will spend the night in the square
The visitors' initial refusal to stay with Lot, opting instead to "spend the night in the square," serves as a narrative device to highlight the contrast between Lot's hospitality and the city's wickedness. The square, or public space, was typically a place of social gathering, but in Sodom, it was fraught with moral peril. This refusal sets the stage for the unfolding events and underscores the tension between divine protection and human depravity.

But he insisted so strongly
The phrase highlights Lot's earnestness and urgency in persuading the visitors to come under his protection. The Hebrew root for "insisted" (פָּצַר, patsar) conveys a sense of pressing or urging with intensity. This reflects Lot's awareness of the impending danger in Sodom and his desire to shield the visitors from harm. Historically, hospitality was a sacred duty in ancient Near Eastern cultures, and Lot's insistence underscores his commitment to this cultural and moral obligation, even in a city known for its wickedness.

that they followed him into his house
This phrase indicates the visitors' eventual compliance with Lot's request. The act of following Lot into his house signifies a transition from the public space of the city to the private, more secure environment of his home. In the context of ancient customs, entering someone's home was an acceptance of their hospitality and protection. Scripturally, this movement from outside to inside can symbolize a shift from exposure to safety, reflecting God's provision and care through Lot's actions.

He prepared a feast for them
Lot's preparation of a feast demonstrates his generosity and the importance of hospitality. The Hebrew word for "feast" (מִשְׁתֶּה, mishteh) often implies a banquet or a significant meal, suggesting that Lot went beyond mere sustenance to honor his guests. This act of kindness is particularly poignant given the moral decay of Sodom, highlighting Lot's righteousness and contrasting with the city's depravity. Theologically, it can be seen as a foreshadowing of divine provision and the ultimate feast believers will partake in with God.

and baked unleavened bread
Unleavened bread (מַצָּה, matzah) is significant both culturally and theologically. In the Hebrew tradition, unleavened bread is associated with haste and purity, as seen in the Passover narrative. Here, its mention may imply the urgency of the situation, as Lot had to act quickly to protect his guests. Additionally, unleavened bread symbolizes separation from sin and corruption, aligning with Lot's attempt to maintain righteousness amidst Sodom's sinfulness.

and they ate
The simple act of eating together signifies acceptance and fellowship. In biblical times, sharing a meal was a profound gesture of peace and community. This moment of communion between Lot and his guests underscores the bond formed through hospitality and mutual respect. It also serves as a moment of calm before the storm, a brief respite in the narrative that highlights the stark contrast between Lot's household and the chaos outside. Spiritually, it reminds believers of the sustenance and fellowship found in God's presence, even in the midst of turmoil.

Before they had gone to bed
This phrase sets the scene for the urgency and immediacy of the events that are about to unfold. The Hebrew word for "bed" here is "mishkav," which can refer to a place of rest or sleep. The timing indicates that the events occur under the cover of night, a time often associated with evil deeds in biblical literature. This highlights the moral darkness of Sodom, contrasting with the hospitality and righteousness of Lot, who has welcomed the visitors into his home.

all the men from every part of the city of Sodom
The phrase underscores the pervasive wickedness of Sodom. The Hebrew word for "men" is "enosh," which can refer to humanity in general, but here it emphasizes the collective moral failure of the city's male population. The mention of "every part of the city" suggests that the sinfulness was not isolated but widespread, affecting the entire community. This reflects the biblical theme of collective responsibility and the consequences of communal sin.

both young and old
This phrase indicates the complete moral corruption across generations in Sodom. The Hebrew words "na'ar" (young) and "zaqen" (old) show that the depravity was not limited to a specific age group but was a societal norm. This generational sinfulness highlights the failure of the community to pass down righteousness and the importance of godly instruction across generations, as emphasized in Deuteronomy 6:6-7.

surrounded the house
The act of surrounding the house is both literal and symbolic. The Hebrew word "naqaph" means to encircle or encompass, suggesting an aggressive and threatening posture. This encirclement represents the pressure and hostility faced by the righteous in a sinful world. It also foreshadows the divine judgment that will soon encircle Sodom itself. The house, a place of refuge and safety, becomes a focal point of conflict between righteousness and wickedness, illustrating the spiritual battle that believers face in a fallen world.

They called out to Lot
This phrase indicates a public and aggressive demand. The Hebrew root for "called out" is קָרָא (qara), which often implies a loud or insistent call. In the context of ancient Near Eastern culture, such a public outcry would have been a significant breach of hospitality norms, which were highly valued. Lot, as a host, was responsible for the protection and well-being of his guests, making this demand not only a personal affront but a societal one.

and asked
The Hebrew word שָׁאַל (sha'al) is used here, which can mean to inquire or demand. This word choice suggests not a polite request but a forceful demand, reflecting the aggressive intent of the men of Sodom. Historically, this reflects the moral decay and lawlessness that characterized Sodom, as described in earlier chapters of Genesis.

Where are the men who came to you tonight?
This question highlights the awareness and intent of the Sodomites. The phrase "who came to you tonight" underscores the immediacy and urgency of their demand. In the ancient world, nighttime was often associated with vulnerability and danger, making the timing of their demand even more menacing. The men of Sodom were not merely curious; they were intent on violating the sacred duty of hospitality.

Send them out to us
The phrase "send them out" is a command, not a request, indicating the mob's intent to overpower Lot's authority as a host. The Hebrew verb יָצָא (yatsa) means to bring forth or lead out, suggesting a forceful removal. This reflects the lawlessness and moral corruption of Sodom, where the rights of individuals and the sanctity of hospitality were disregarded.

so we can have relations with them!
The Hebrew phrase וְנֵדְעָה אֹתָם (veneda'ah otam) is used here, with the root יָדַע (yada) meaning "to know." In this context, it is a euphemism for sexual relations, specifically of a violent and non-consensual nature. This phrase is central to understanding the gravity of Sodom's sin, which was not merely sexual immorality but a complete rejection of God's design for human relationships. The demand for such relations was a direct affront to God's created order and a manifestation of the city's deep-seated wickedness.

Lot went outside
The phrase "Lot went outside" indicates a deliberate action taken by Lot to confront the situation directly. In the Hebrew text, the verb used here suggests a purposeful movement, emphasizing Lot's role as a mediator. Historically, Lot's decision to step outside reflects the ancient Near Eastern custom of hospitality, where the host is responsible for the safety and well-being of their guests. Lot's action is a testament to his courage and his commitment to protect the visitors, who are later revealed to be angels.

to meet them
The phrase "to meet them" signifies Lot's intention to engage with the men of Sodom. The Hebrew root for "meet" often implies a confrontation or an encounter that requires negotiation or resolution. In the context of Genesis 19, Lot's meeting with the men is not just a casual encounter but a critical moment where he attempts to reason with the crowd. This reflects the biblical theme of standing up for righteousness, even in the face of overwhelming opposition.

and shut the door behind him
The act of shutting the door is symbolic of protection and separation. In ancient times, a door was not just a physical barrier but also a boundary between the safety of the home and the dangers outside. By shutting the door, Lot is making a clear distinction between the sanctity of his household and the moral corruption of the city. This action underscores the biblical principle of safeguarding one's family and guests from harm. Theologically, it can also be seen as a metaphor for the separation between the righteous and the wicked, a recurring theme throughout Scripture.

Please, my brothers
The use of "please" indicates a plea or urgent request, reflecting Lot's desperation and earnestness in addressing the men of Sodom. The Hebrew word "אָחַי" (achai) for "my brothers" suggests a familial or communal bond, which Lot is appealing to in order to dissuade them from their intended actions. This phrase highlights Lot's attempt to reason with the men by appealing to a sense of shared humanity and kinship, despite their wicked intentions. In the cultural context of the ancient Near East, addressing someone as "brothers" was a way to invoke a sense of mutual respect and obligation, which Lot hoped would deter them from their sinful plans.

do not do
This phrase is a direct command, indicating Lot's clear opposition to the actions the men of Sodom are planning. The Hebrew verb "אַל־תָּרֵעוּ" (al-tareu) is a negative imperative, emphasizing the urgency and seriousness of Lot's warning. It reflects a moral and ethical stance against the proposed actions, underscoring the gravity of the situation. Lot's command is a call to righteousness, urging the men to refrain from committing a grave sin.

such a wicked thing
The phrase "wicked thing" translates the Hebrew word "רָעָה" (ra'ah), which denotes something evil, harmful, or morally wrong. In the context of Genesis 19, this refers to the intended sexual violence against Lot's guests, which was a grievous sin in the eyes of God. The use of "such" emphasizes the extreme nature of the wickedness being contemplated. Historically, the city of Sodom had a reputation for its immorality and depravity, which is why it was ultimately judged and destroyed by God. Lot's plea highlights the stark contrast between the righteousness expected by God and the sinful behavior of the Sodomites. This serves as a reminder of the importance of upholding moral integrity and resisting the pressures of a corrupt society.

Look
The Hebrew word here is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), often used to draw attention to something important or to introduce a significant statement. In this context, Lot is urgently trying to redirect the attention of the men of Sodom. This word underscores the gravity of the situation and Lot's desperation to protect his guests, highlighting the cultural importance of hospitality in ancient Near Eastern societies.

I have two daughters
Lot's reference to his daughters emphasizes the personal sacrifice he is willing to make. In the patriarchal society of ancient times, daughters were often seen as under the authority and protection of their father. Lot's offer, therefore, is shocking and illustrates the extreme measures he is willing to take to uphold the sacred duty of hospitality.

who have never slept with a man
The phrase underscores the purity and innocence of Lot's daughters, using the Hebrew term "יָדַע" (yada), which means "to know" in a sexual context. This detail highlights the moral depravity of the situation in Sodom, contrasting the innocence of the daughters with the wickedness of the townsmen.

Let me bring them to you
Lot's proposal to bring his daughters out to the mob is a controversial and troubling aspect of this narrative. It reflects the intense pressure and fear he faced, as well as the cultural norms that prioritized guest protection over even family safety. This phrase challenges readers to grapple with the complexities of moral decisions in dire circumstances.

and you can do to them as you please
This phrase is a stark and disturbing indication of Lot's desperation. The Hebrew "כַּטּוֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶם" (ka-tov be-eyneichem) translates to "as is good in your eyes," which is an idiomatic expression for acting according to one's desires. This highlights the moral chaos in Sodom and the extreme lengths to which Lot is willing to go to protect his guests.

But do not do anything to these men
Lot's plea underscores the sacred duty of hospitality, which was a cornerstone of ancient Near Eastern culture. The protection of guests was paramount, and Lot's insistence on this point reveals the high value placed on this duty, even above familial bonds.

for they have come under the protection of my roof
The phrase "under the protection of my roof" is a powerful expression of the ancient custom of hospitality, where a host was responsible for the safety and well-being of their guests. The Hebrew concept of "כָּנָף" (kanaph), meaning "wing" or "covering," is often associated with protection and refuge, symbolizing the shelter and security a host was expected to provide.

Get out of the way!
This phrase reflects the urgency and aggression of the mob outside Lot's house. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "הָלְאָה" (hal'ah), which conveys a forceful command to move aside. This highlights the mob's intent to remove any obstacle to their desires, showcasing the depth of their moral depravity and the chaotic environment in Sodom. Theologically, it underscores the spiritual blindness and rebellion against God's standards prevalent in the city.

they replied
The response of the mob is immediate and hostile. The Hebrew root "אָמַר" (amar) is used here, which is a common verb for speaking or saying. This indicates that their words are not just a casual remark but a deliberate and defiant response to Lot's attempt to protect his guests. It reflects the hardened hearts of the people of Sodom, who are unrepentant and resistant to any form of moral correction.

And they declared
The use of "declared" suggests a formal and emphatic statement. The Hebrew word "אָמַר" (amar) is again employed, emphasizing the seriousness and determination in their speech. This declaration is not just a passing comment but a firm assertion of their intent, revealing their collective mindset and the societal norms that have strayed far from righteousness.

This man came here as a foreigner
Lot is identified as a "foreigner," which in Hebrew is "גּוּר" (gur), meaning a sojourner or temporary resident. This highlights the xenophobic attitude of the Sodomites and their disdain for outsiders. Despite Lot's long residence in Sodom, he is still seen as an outsider, reflecting the deep-seated prejudice and lack of hospitality, which is a significant theme in the biblical narrative.

and now he wants to play the judge!
The accusation against Lot is that he is acting as a "judge," from the Hebrew "שָׁפַט" (shaphat), meaning to govern or pass judgment. This reveals the Sodomites' rejection of any moral authority or accountability. Lot's attempt to uphold righteousness is met with scorn, illustrating the city's moral decay and the rejection of divine standards.

We will treat you worse than them
This threat reveals the violent and lawless nature of the mob. The Hebrew word "רָעַע" (ra'a) is used, meaning to do evil or harm. The mob's willingness to inflict harm on Lot, who sought to protect them, underscores the complete moral collapse of Sodom. It serves as a stark warning of the consequences of unchecked sin and the rejection of God's ways.

And they pressed in on Lot
The phrase "pressed in" indicates an aggressive and forceful action. The Hebrew "פָּצַר" (patsar) conveys the idea of pressing or pushing against someone. This physical aggression towards Lot highlights the mob's determination to carry out their wicked intentions, showing the extent of their depravity and the perilous situation Lot finds himself in.

and moved in to break down the door
The intent to "break down the door" signifies a complete disregard for personal boundaries and property. The Hebrew "שָׁבַר" (shabar) means to break or destroy. This act of violence is symbolic of the total moral and social breakdown in Sodom, where respect for others and their property is nonexistent. It serves as a powerful illustration of the consequences of living in defiance of God's laws.

But the men inside
This phrase refers to the two angels who had come to Sodom to rescue Lot and his family. In the Hebrew text, the word for "men" is "אֲנָשִׁים" (anashim), which can mean men or angels, depending on the context. Here, it emphasizes the divine intervention and protection provided by these heavenly beings. The presence of angels signifies God's active involvement in the affairs of humanity, especially in moments of crisis. This highlights the theme of divine protection and the importance of hospitality, as Lot had welcomed these angels into his home.

reached out
The Hebrew verb "שָׁלַח" (shalach) means to send or stretch out. This action signifies the proactive and protective nature of the angels. In a broader biblical context, God's "reaching out" is often associated with deliverance and salvation. This act of reaching out is a physical manifestation of God's grace and intervention, reminding believers that God is always ready to extend His hand to save and protect those who are faithful to Him.

pulled Lot into the house with them
The phrase underscores the urgency and necessity of Lot's rescue. The Hebrew verb "בּוֹא" (bo) means to bring or cause to enter. This action not only saved Lot from immediate danger but also symbolically represents God's desire to bring His people into a place of safety and refuge. The house, in this context, becomes a sanctuary, a place of divine protection amidst the chaos outside. This act of pulling Lot in is a vivid reminder of God's ability to rescue the righteous from peril.

and shut the door
The act of shutting the door is significant both literally and symbolically. The Hebrew verb "סָגַר" (sagar) means to close or shut. In the ancient Near Eastern context, shutting the door was a means of protection and separation from danger. Symbolically, it represents God's judgment and the separation between the righteous and the wicked. The closed door signifies the finality of God's protection over Lot and his family, as well as the impending judgment on Sodom. It serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of being within God's protective boundaries and the consequences of being outside of them.

And they struck with blindness
The phrase "struck with blindness" is a powerful demonstration of divine intervention. The Hebrew word used here is "סַנְוֵרִים" (sanwerim), which is a rare term in the Old Testament, appearing only here and in 2 Kings 6:18. This word suggests a sudden and overwhelming inability to see, indicating not just physical blindness but a spiritual and moral darkness. In the context of Sodom, a city steeped in sin, this blindness symbolizes the judgment of God upon those who persist in wickedness. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from divine truth and righteousness.

the men at the entrance
The "men at the entrance" refers to the inhabitants of Sodom who had gathered around Lot's house with evil intentions. This phrase highlights the pervasive corruption in Sodom, where even the entrance of a home, a place typically associated with hospitality and safety, becomes a site of potential violence and sin. The entrance, in ancient Near Eastern culture, was a place of judgment and decision-making, and here it becomes the focal point of divine judgment against the city's immorality.

both young and old
This phrase underscores the totality of the moral decay in Sodom. The inclusion of "both young and old" indicates that the corruption had permeated every level of society, affecting all generations. It serves as a sobering reminder that sin, when left unchecked, can spread and corrupt entire communities. The mention of both age groups also emphasizes the indiscriminate nature of God's judgment, which is based on righteousness rather than age or status.

so that they wearied themselves
The phrase "so that they wearied themselves" suggests a futile and exhausting effort. The men of Sodom, despite their blindness, persist in their sinful intentions, illustrating the depth of their depravity. This reflects a broader biblical theme where sin leads to a fruitless and tiring pursuit of fulfillment outside of God's will. It serves as a cautionary tale about the relentless and ultimately unsatisfying nature of sin.

trying to find the door
The final phrase, "trying to find the door," is rich with symbolic meaning. The door represents the way to safety and salvation, yet in their blindness, the men of Sodom cannot find it. This mirrors the spiritual blindness that prevents individuals from recognizing and entering the path of righteousness. In a broader biblical context, Jesus refers to Himself as the "door" (John 10:9), offering salvation to those who seek Him. The inability of the Sodomites to find the door serves as a poignant illustration of the consequences of rejecting God's truth and the importance of seeking His guidance to find the true path to life.

Then the two men
The phrase refers to the two angels who visited Lot in Sodom. In Hebrew, the word for "men" is "אֲנָשִׁים" (anashim), which can mean men or angels, depending on the context. These beings are divine messengers, sent by God to execute judgment and deliverance. Their presence signifies the seriousness of the impending divine action and the urgency of the situation.

said to Lot
Lot, Abraham's nephew, is the recipient of the angels' message. His position in Sodom is significant; he is a righteous man living in a corrupt city. The angels' communication with Lot highlights God's grace and mercy, offering a chance for salvation amidst judgment. Lot's role as a mediator for his family underscores the importance of righteous individuals in interceding for others.

Do you have anyone else here
This question emphasizes the urgency and inclusivity of the angels' mission. The Hebrew root "יֵשׁ" (yesh) implies existence or presence, urging Lot to consider all who are connected to him. It reflects God's concern for the salvation of not just individuals but entire households, aligning with the biblical theme of familial responsibility and collective deliverance.

a son-in-law
The mention of a son-in-law indicates the broader family network and the potential for extended salvation. In ancient Near Eastern culture, family ties were crucial, and the son-in-law would be considered part of Lot's household. This inclusion demonstrates the comprehensive nature of God's offer of rescue, extending beyond immediate family to those bound by marriage.

your sons or daughters
The specific mention of sons and daughters highlights the personal and familial aspect of the impending judgment. The Hebrew words "בָּנִים" (banim) for sons and "בָּנוֹת" (banot) for daughters emphasize the generational impact of Lot's decisions. It underscores the biblical principle that the choices of parents can have profound effects on their children, both for judgment and salvation.

or anyone else in the city who belongs to you
This phrase broadens the scope of potential deliverance to include all who are associated with Lot. The Hebrew "אֲשֶׁר לְךָ" (asher lekha) implies possession or belonging, indicating that Lot's influence and responsibility extend beyond his immediate family. It reflects the communal nature of ancient societies and the interconnectedness of relationships.

Get them out of here!
The command is urgent and imperative, reflecting the imminent danger and the necessity of immediate action. The Hebrew verb "הוֹצֵא" (hotze) means to bring out or lead forth, signifying a call to physical and spiritual separation from the corrupt environment of Sodom. This directive aligns with the biblical theme of God's call to His people to separate from sin and seek refuge in His provision.

because we are about to destroy this place
The phrase "because we are about to destroy this place" indicates a divine judgment that is imminent and certain. The Hebrew root for "destroy" is "שָׁחַת" (shachath), which conveys a sense of corruption or ruin. This destruction is not arbitrary but a response to the moral decay and sinfulness of Sodom. The angels, as messengers of God, are executing divine justice, emphasizing the seriousness of sin and the holiness of God. The phrase underscores the certainty of God's judgment when a society reaches a point of no return in its wickedness.

For the outcry to the LORD against its people is so great
The "outcry" refers to the cries of injustice and suffering caused by the rampant sin in Sodom. The Hebrew word "זְעָקָה" (ze'aqah) is often used in the context of a cry for help or a call for justice. This suggests that the sins of Sodom were not only personal but had societal implications, affecting the innocent and vulnerable. The phrase "to the LORD" indicates that God is attentive to the cries of the oppressed and is moved to action by them. This highlights God's justice and His concern for righteousness, as He responds to the moral and ethical violations in Sodom.

that He has sent us to destroy it
The phrase "He has sent us" emphasizes the divine authority and mission of the angels. They are not acting on their own accord but are sent by God, underscoring the divine initiative in the judgment. The Hebrew word "שָׁלַח" (shalach) means to send or dispatch, indicating a purposeful mission. The repetition of "destroy" reinforces the finality and seriousness of the impending judgment. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the reality of divine retribution. It also reflects the biblical theme that God is sovereign and His purposes will be accomplished, even in judgment.

So Lot went out
The phrase indicates a decisive action taken by Lot. In the Hebrew context, "went out" (יָצָא, yatsa) often signifies a purposeful departure. Lot's action reflects urgency and obedience to the angelic warning. This moment underscores the importance of heeding divine warnings and acting upon them with immediacy.

and spoke to his sons-in-law
The term "spoke" (דִּבֶּר, dibber) implies communication with intent and seriousness. Lot's sons-in-law, though not yet married to his daughters, were considered family. This highlights the cultural practice of betrothal, which was as binding as marriage itself. Lot's attempt to warn them shows his concern for their safety, emphasizing the responsibility to warn loved ones of impending danger.

who were pledged to marry his daughters
The phrase "pledged to marry" reflects the Hebrew concept of betrothal, a formal agreement preceding marriage. This cultural context shows the seriousness of the relationship, akin to marriage in its commitment. It underscores the gravity of Lot's warning, as it was directed to those who were soon to be part of his immediate family.

He said, 'Get up! Get out of this place
Lot's command "Get up! Get out" (קוּם צֵא, qum tse) is urgent and imperative. The repetition of action verbs emphasizes the need for immediate response. This reflects the biblical theme of urgency in responding to God's warnings, a call to leave behind sin and seek refuge in God's provision.

for the LORD is about to destroy the city!
The phrase "the LORD is about to destroy" (מַשְׁחִית יְהוָה, mashchit YHWH) reveals the divine judgment that is imminent. The use of "LORD" (יְהוָה, YHWH) signifies the covenantal name of God, highlighting His authority and justice. The destruction of the city serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the holiness of God.

But his sons-in-law thought he was joking
The reaction of the sons-in-law, who "thought he was joking" (כִּמְצַחֵק, kimtsacheq), illustrates a tragic disbelief. The Hebrew root suggests mockery or disbelief, indicating their failure to take Lot's warning seriously. This reflects a broader biblical theme of human skepticism towards divine warnings, emphasizing the peril of ignoring God's call to repentance and salvation.

At daybreak
The phrase "at daybreak" signifies a new beginning, a moment of divine intervention as the light of dawn breaks through the darkness. In the Hebrew context, "daybreak" (שַׁחַר, shachar) often symbolizes hope and deliverance. This moment marks God's mercy and urgency in rescuing Lot and his family from impending judgment. The dawn is a metaphor for God's light piercing through human sinfulness, offering a chance for redemption.

the angels
The "angels" (מַלְאָכִים, mal'akhim) are divine messengers sent by God. In the biblical narrative, angels often serve as instruments of God's will, bringing messages of warning or guidance. Their presence underscores the seriousness of the situation and the direct involvement of God in human affairs. The angels' role here is to execute God's plan of salvation for Lot, highlighting the theme of divine protection and intervention.

hurried Lot
The urgency in "hurried Lot" reflects the imminent danger and the necessity for immediate action. The Hebrew root for "hurried" (אָץ, ats) conveys a sense of pressing urgency. This urgency is a call to obedience and responsiveness to God's warnings. Lot's hesitation contrasts with the angels' urgency, reminding believers of the importance of heeding God's call without delay.

saying, 'Up!
The command "Up!" is a call to action, a directive to rise and move. In the Hebrew context, this imperative (קוּם, qum) is often used to initiate a significant change or transition. It is a call to leave behind the old and embrace the new path God has set. This command is both physical and spiritual, urging Lot to rise from complacency and align with God's will.

Take your wife and your two daughters who are here
This phrase emphasizes the importance of family and the collective nature of salvation. The instruction to "take" (לָקַח, laqach) implies a responsibility to lead and protect one's family. The mention of "your wife and your two daughters" highlights the personal and relational aspect of God's deliverance. It serves as a reminder of the covenantal relationships within families and the role of the head of the household in guiding them towards safety and righteousness.

or you will be swept away
The warning "or you will be swept away" conveys the severity of the impending judgment. The Hebrew root for "swept away" (סָפָה, saphah) suggests complete destruction or annihilation. This phrase serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of sin and the reality of divine judgment. It underscores the necessity of heeding God's warnings to avoid the fate of the wicked.

in the punishment of the city
The "punishment of the city" refers to the divine retribution that is about to befall Sodom. The term "punishment" (עָוֹן, avon) in Hebrew often denotes iniquity or guilt, and its consequences. This phrase highlights the justice of God in dealing with sin and the moral decay of Sodom. It serves as a cautionary tale of the consequences of turning away from God's righteousness and the inevitable judgment that follows.

But when Lot hesitated
The phrase "But when Lot hesitated" reveals a moment of human frailty and indecision. The Hebrew root for "hesitated" is "mahah," which can imply lingering or delaying. This hesitation is significant as it reflects Lot's attachment to Sodom despite its impending destruction. Historically, this moment underscores the tension between divine urgency and human reluctance, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture. Lot's hesitation serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of becoming too comfortable in a sinful environment.

the men grasped his hand
The "men" here refer to the angels sent by God. The Hebrew word for "grasped" is "chazaq," meaning to take hold of firmly. This action signifies divine intervention and the strength of God's deliverance. In a broader scriptural context, it illustrates how God often takes the initiative to save His people, even when they are hesitant or unable to act on their own. This grasping of the hand is a powerful image of God's grace and mercy, pulling Lot from destruction.

and the hands of his wife and two daughters
The inclusion of Lot's "wife and two daughters" highlights the familial aspect of God's salvation. The angels' actions demonstrate God's concern for the family unit, a recurring theme in the Bible. The Hebrew culture placed great importance on family, and this act of deliverance underscores the idea that God's compassion extends to households, not just individuals. It also foreshadows the importance of family in the unfolding narrative of God's people.

and led them safely out of the city
The phrase "led them safely out of the city" indicates a guided deliverance. The Hebrew word for "led" is "yatsa," which means to bring out or deliver. This action is reminiscent of the Exodus, where God leads His people out of bondage. The safety provided by the angels is a testament to God's protective nature. Historically, this reflects God's pattern of rescuing His people from judgment, emphasizing His role as a deliverer.

because of the LORD’s compassion for them
The phrase "because of the LORD’s compassion for them" is central to understanding the motivation behind the divine intervention. The Hebrew word for "compassion" is "racham," which conveys a deep, tender love and mercy. This compassion is not earned by Lot or his family but is a gift of God's grace. In the broader biblical narrative, this compassion is a recurring theme, illustrating God's loving-kindness and mercy towards humanity despite their shortcomings. It serves as a reminder of the depth of God's love and His desire to save.

As soon as the men had brought them out
This phrase marks a pivotal moment of divine intervention. The "men" here are angels, sent by God to rescue Lot and his family from the impending destruction of Sodom. The Hebrew word for "brought" (יָצָא, yatsa) implies a forceful action, indicating that Lot and his family were reluctant to leave. This reflects God's mercy and determination to save them despite their hesitance, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, emphasizing God's proactive role in human salvation.

one of them said
The singular "one" among the "men" suggests a spokesperson, possibly indicating a hierarchy or specific role among the angels. This aligns with biblical instances where God uses specific messengers to deliver His commands, underscoring the importance of divine communication and the authority of God's word.

Flee for your lives!
The urgency in this command is palpable. The Hebrew root for "flee" (נָס, nas) conveys a sense of immediate escape from danger. This imperative highlights the seriousness of the situation and the necessity of obedience to divine instruction for survival. It serves as a metaphor for the Christian life, where believers are called to flee from sin and pursue righteousness.

Do not look back
This command is both literal and symbolic. Literally, it warns against the physical act of turning back, which would result in death, as seen later with Lot's wife. Symbolically, it represents the spiritual danger of longing for a sinful past. The act of looking back signifies a divided heart, a theme echoed in the New Testament where believers are urged to fix their eyes on Jesus and not be entangled by past sins.

do not stop anywhere in the plain
The "plain" refers to the region surrounding Sodom, known for its fertility and prosperity but also its wickedness. The instruction not to stop signifies the need for complete separation from sin and its influences. This reflects the biblical principle of sanctification, where believers are called to be set apart for God's purposes.

Flee to the mountains
Mountains in Scripture often symbolize refuge and divine presence. The command to flee to the mountains suggests seeking safety in God's provision and protection. It is a call to rise above the corruption of the world and find security in God's higher ways.

or you will be swept away!
The phrase "swept away" (סָפָה, saphah) conveys total destruction, akin to being consumed by a flood. This serves as a stark warning of the consequences of disobedience and the reality of divine judgment. It underscores the urgency of heeding God's warnings and the peril of ignoring His commands.

But Lot replied
The phrase "But Lot replied" indicates a response to a preceding command or statement. In the context of Genesis 19, Lot is responding to the angels who have instructed him to flee Sodom to avoid its impending destruction. The Hebrew root for "replied" is עָנָה (anah), which often conveys an answer or response, sometimes with a sense of urgency or necessity. Lot's reply is significant as it reflects his hesitation and the internal conflict he faces, torn between the comfort of his current life and the unknown future. This moment underscores the human tendency to cling to the familiar, even when divine intervention offers a path to salvation.

No, my lords, please!
The word "No" is a direct negation, showing Lot's initial resistance to the angels' directive. This resistance can be seen as a reflection of human frailty and reluctance to embrace change, even when it is divinely ordained. The term "my lords" is translated from the Hebrew אֲדֹנָי (adonai), a respectful address acknowledging the authority and power of the angels. This acknowledgment indicates Lot's recognition of their divine mission, yet his plea "please" (נָא, na) reveals his desperation and desire for mercy. Lot's plea is a poignant reminder of the grace and patience often extended by God, even when His instructions are met with hesitation. This interaction highlights the compassionate nature of God, who listens to the cries of His people and provides opportunities for redemption, even when they falter in faith.

Your servant
The term "servant" in Hebrew is "ebed," which denotes a person who is in service to another, often with a sense of humility and submission. In the context of Genesis 19, Lot is speaking to the angels who have come to rescue him from Sodom. This phrase reflects Lot's acknowledgment of his position before the divine messengers, recognizing their authority and his dependence on their mercy. It is a reminder of the humility required in our relationship with God, acknowledging His sovereignty and our role as His servants.

has indeed found favor
The Hebrew word for "favor" is "chen," which implies grace or kindness that is undeserved. Lot's statement is an acknowledgment of the unmerited grace he has received from God. In the broader biblical narrative, finding favor in God's sight is a recurring theme, often associated with divine blessing and protection. This phrase encourages believers to seek God's favor through faith and obedience, recognizing that His grace is a gift, not something earned.

in your sight
The phrase "in your sight" suggests being under the watchful eye or presence of someone. In Hebrew, "sight" is "ayin," which literally means "eye." This expression conveys the idea of being observed or considered by God. It emphasizes the personal relationship between God and His people, where nothing is hidden from His view. It reassures believers that God is always aware of their circumstances and needs.

and you have shown great kindness
"Kindness" in Hebrew is "chesed," a word rich with meaning, often translated as loving-kindness, mercy, or steadfast love. It is a covenantal term that describes God's loyal love and faithfulness to His people. Lot's recognition of God's "great kindness" underscores the divine compassion and mercy extended to him. This phrase serves as a reminder of God's unwavering love and commitment to His covenant promises.

to me by sparing my life
The act of "sparing" in Hebrew is "chayah," which means to preserve or keep alive. Lot acknowledges that his life has been preserved by divine intervention. This phrase highlights the theme of salvation and deliverance, central to the biblical narrative. It points to God's power to save and protect His people from destruction, foreshadowing the ultimate salvation through Jesus Christ.

But I cannot flee to the mountains
Lot's reluctance to flee to the mountains reflects his fear and lack of faith. The mountains often symbolize places of refuge and safety in Scripture, yet Lot doubts his ability to reach them. This phrase illustrates the human tendency to doubt God's provision and protection, even after experiencing His deliverance. It challenges believers to trust in God's guidance and strength, even when the path seems daunting.

for the disaster will overtake me
The word "disaster" in Hebrew is "ra'ah," which can mean evil, calamity, or misfortune. Lot fears that the impending judgment on Sodom will catch up with him. This phrase serves as a warning of the consequences of sin and the urgency of heeding God's call to repentance and obedience. It reminds believers of the reality of divine judgment and the need for vigilance in their spiritual journey.

and I will die
The finality of death is a sobering reality in this phrase. Lot's fear of death underscores the human condition and the inevitability of mortality. In the biblical context, death is often associated with separation from God, but through Christ, believers have the hope of eternal life. This phrase invites reflection on the brevity of life and the importance of living in accordance with God's will, with the assurance of eternal life through faith in Jesus Christ.

Look
The Hebrew word for "look" is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), often used to draw attention to something significant or urgent. In this context, Lot is urgently pleading with the angels, emphasizing the immediacy and importance of his request. This word sets the tone for Lot's desperation and the critical nature of the situation, as he seeks refuge from the impending destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.

this town
The term "town" here refers to Zoar, a small city near Sodom and Gomorrah. Historically, Zoar was one of the five cities of the plain mentioned in Genesis. Its mention highlights the mercy of God, as Zoar was spared from destruction for Lot's sake. This reflects the biblical theme of divine grace and the preservation of the righteous amidst judgment.

is near enough to flee to
The phrase underscores the urgency and practicality of Lot's request. The proximity of Zoar is crucial for Lot's survival, emphasizing the need for immediate action. This reflects the broader biblical principle of seeking refuge in God, who is always near to those who call upon Him in times of distress.

and it is small
Lot's emphasis on the town's small size may indicate his humility or his understanding of its insignificance compared to the larger cities. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a reminder that God often uses the small and humble things of the world to accomplish His purposes, as seen throughout Scripture.

Please let me flee there
The plea "please" (Hebrew: "נָא" - na) conveys Lot's earnestness and submission. It is a respectful request, acknowledging the authority of the angels and, by extension, God's sovereignty. This reflects the biblical theme of humility and the importance of seeking God's will in times of crisis.

is it not a small place?
This rhetorical question reinforces Lot's earlier point about the town's size, perhaps suggesting that its insignificance might make it a more acceptable refuge. It highlights the human tendency to negotiate and reason with God, seeking His favor and protection.

Then my life will be saved
The ultimate concern for Lot is the preservation of life. This phrase captures the essence of the human instinct for survival and the desire for divine intervention. In a broader theological context, it points to the salvation that God offers to those who seek refuge in Him, foreshadowing the ultimate salvation through Jesus Christ. The emphasis on life being saved aligns with the biblical narrative of redemption and God's desire to save and preserve His people.

Very well
This phrase signifies agreement and consent. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which often translates to "behold" or "lo." It is a term that draws attention to what follows, indicating a significant moment of divine concession. In the context of Genesis 19, it reflects God's willingness to listen to human intercession, showcasing His mercy and responsiveness to the pleas of the righteous. This moment underscores the relational aspect of God, who is not distant but actively engaged with His creation.

he answered
The Hebrew root for "answered" is "עָנָה" (anah), which means to respond or reply. This indicates a direct communication between God and man, emphasizing the personal nature of God's interactions with humanity. In the narrative, it is the angel of the Lord who speaks, acting as a divine messenger. This highlights the biblical theme of God using intermediaries to convey His will, yet ensuring that His voice is heard and His intentions are clear.

I will grant this request as well
The phrase reflects God's graciousness and willingness to accommodate the requests of His servants. The Hebrew word for "grant" is "נָשָׂא" (nasa), meaning to lift, carry, or bear. It suggests that God is willing to bear the burden of the request, showing His patience and kindness. This part of the verse illustrates the power of intercessory prayer and the impact of righteous individuals standing in the gap for others, as seen in Abraham's earlier negotiations with God.

and will not demolish
The term "demolish" comes from the Hebrew "הָפַךְ" (haphak), which means to overturn or destroy. This word is often used in the context of divine judgment, as seen in the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Here, it signifies a reprieve from such judgment, highlighting God's mercy. The decision not to demolish the town is a testament to God's willingness to spare even the undeserving for the sake of the righteous, a recurring theme in Scripture.

the town you indicate
The word "indicate" is derived from the Hebrew "דָּבַר" (dabar), meaning to speak or declare. It implies a specific designation or identification made by Lot. The town in question is Zoar, a small city that Lot requests to flee to. This part of the verse underscores the importance of divine guidance and the role of human agency in seeking refuge and safety. It also reflects the broader biblical narrative of God providing a way of escape for those who seek Him, even amidst impending judgment.

Hurry
The urgency in the word "Hurry" reflects the immediacy of divine intervention and the necessity for prompt obedience. In Hebrew, the root word is "מַהֵר" (maher), which conveys a sense of speed and haste. This urgency underscores the seriousness of the impending judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah and the need for Lot and his family to act without delay. It serves as a reminder of the importance of responding swiftly to God's warnings and instructions in our own lives.

flee
The command to "flee" is a call to escape from danger. The Hebrew word "בָּרַח" (barach) implies a rapid departure from a place of peril. This reflects the broader biblical theme of seeking refuge in God and turning away from sin and its consequences. Lot's flight from Sodom is symbolic of the believer's need to abandon sinful environments and seek safety in God's provision and protection.

there
The word "there" refers to the small town of Zoar, which Lot requested as a place of refuge. This specific destination highlights God's willingness to accommodate Lot's request, demonstrating His mercy and grace. It also signifies a place of safety amidst destruction, symbolizing how God provides a way of escape for His people even in the midst of judgment.

quickly
The repetition of the need for speed with "quickly" emphasizes the critical nature of the situation. The Hebrew word "מְהֵרָה" (meherah) reinforces the urgency and the need for immediate action. This urgency is a call to prioritize God's instructions above all else, recognizing that delay can lead to dire consequences.

because I cannot do anything
This phrase reveals the divine restraint exercised by the angelic messengers. The Hebrew concept here is one of divine forbearance, where God's judgment is withheld until His people are safe. It illustrates God's sovereignty and His protective nature over those who are righteous, ensuring their safety before executing judgment.

until you reach it
The condition "until you reach it" underscores God's personal care and attention to the safety of Lot and his family. It highlights the divine timing and precision in God's plans, ensuring that His people are secure before His judgment is unleashed. This phrase reassures believers of God's meticulous care and His ability to protect and deliver them from harm.

By the time
This phrase sets the stage for a specific moment in time, indicating a transition or culmination of events. In the Hebrew context, time is often seen as a divine orchestration, where God’s plans unfold precisely. The phrase suggests urgency and the fulfillment of divine timing, reminding us that God’s interventions are neither early nor late but perfectly timed.

Lot reached Zoar
Lot, whose name in Hebrew means "veil" or "covering," represents a man under divine protection despite his surroundings. His journey to Zoar, a small town whose name means "insignificance" or "smallness," symbolizes a refuge provided by God. This movement from Sodom to Zoar is a physical and spiritual transition from judgment to mercy, highlighting God’s grace in providing a place of safety even when judgment is imminent.

the sun had risen
The rising sun is a powerful biblical symbol of new beginnings, hope, and divine presence. In the Hebrew tradition, light often represents God’s truth and righteousness. The sun rising as Lot reaches Zoar signifies a new chapter and God’s faithfulness in delivering His people from destruction. It serves as a reminder that God’s mercies are new every morning, bringing light into the darkest situations.

over the land
The land, in biblical terms, often represents the physical realm where God’s covenant with His people is enacted. It is a place of both blessing and judgment. The sun rising over the land signifies God’s sovereignty over creation and His ability to bring about His purposes. It underscores the idea that God’s presence and power extend over all the earth, and His will is accomplished in every corner of the world.

Then the LORD
The phrase "the LORD" refers to Yahweh, the covenant name of God, emphasizing His sovereignty and authority. In Hebrew, this is "YHWH," the sacred tetragrammaton, which signifies God's eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction underscores that the actions that follow are divinely ordained and executed by the Creator Himself, highlighting His role as the ultimate judge of righteousness and sin.

rained down
The Hebrew verb used here is "matar," which means to rain or pour down. This imagery of rain, typically associated with life-giving water, is here inverted to depict destruction. It signifies the thoroughness and inescapability of divine judgment. The use of "rained down" suggests a deluge, a comprehensive and overwhelming act of divine intervention, reminiscent of the flood in Noah's time, but with fire instead of water.

sulfur and fire
The combination of "sulfur and fire" (Hebrew: "gophrith va'esh") is a powerful symbol of divine wrath and purification. Sulfur, often associated with brimstone, is a substance that burns with intense heat and was historically used in purification processes. Fire, a frequent biblical symbol of God's presence and judgment, represents both destruction and purification. Together, they illustrate the totality of God's judgment on sin and the purging of wickedness from the earth.

on Sodom and Gomorrah
These cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, have become synonymous with sin and moral corruption. Archaeological evidence suggests that these cities were located near the Dead Sea, an area known for its bitumen pits, which could naturally produce sulfurous fires. Historically, these cities were known for their prosperity and subsequent moral decay, serving as a warning against the dangers of turning away from God's commandments.

from the LORD
This repetition of "from the LORD" emphasizes the divine origin of the judgment. It is not a natural disaster or a random act of nature but a deliberate act of God. This phrase reinforces the idea that God is actively involved in the affairs of humanity, executing justice and upholding righteousness.

out of the heavens
The phrase "out of the heavens" indicates the source of the judgment as being from above, from the divine realm. In biblical cosmology, the heavens are the dwelling place of God, and actions originating from there carry the weight of divine authority. This imagery serves to remind the reader of God's omnipotence and His ability to intervene in the world in powerful and miraculous ways.

Thus He destroyed
The phrase "Thus He destroyed" indicates a decisive and complete action by God. The Hebrew root for "destroyed" is "שָׁחַת" (shachat), which conveys a sense of corruption or ruin. This destruction is not arbitrary but a divine judgment against the pervasive wickedness of Sodom and Gomorrah. It serves as a sobering reminder of God's holiness and justice, emphasizing that sin has serious consequences. The destruction is both a literal and symbolic cleansing, removing the stain of sin from the land.

these cities
The "cities" refer specifically to Sodom and Gomorrah, infamous for their moral depravity. Archaeological evidence suggests that these cities were located near the Dead Sea, an area known for its geological instability. Historically, these cities were centers of commerce and culture, yet they became synonymous with sin and judgment. The mention of "these cities" highlights the collective nature of their sin and the communal aspect of their judgment, underscoring the biblical principle that societies are accountable to God.

and the entire plain
The "entire plain" refers to the fertile region surrounding the cities, known as the Jordan Valley. This area was once lush and well-watered, akin to the "garden of the LORD" (Genesis 13:10). The destruction of the plain signifies the totality of God's judgment, affecting not just the urban centers but the surrounding environment. It serves as a stark contrast to the initial beauty and potential of the land, illustrating how sin can lead to the devastation of even the most prosperous regions.

including all the inhabitants of the cities
This phrase underscores the comprehensive nature of the judgment, affecting "all the inhabitants." The Hebrew word for "inhabitants" is "יָשַׁב" (yashab), meaning those who dwell or reside. It highlights the inescapable reach of divine justice, as every person in these cities was subject to the consequences of their collective sin. This serves as a warning that God's judgment is impartial and thorough, sparing none who are complicit in wickedness.

and everything that grew on the ground
The destruction extended to "everything that grew on the ground," indicating a complete eradication of life and sustenance. The Hebrew word for "grew" is "צָמַח" (tsamach), which means to sprout or spring forth. This phrase emphasizes the totality of the devastation, affecting not just human life but the very means of survival. It serves as a powerful reminder of the interconnectedness of creation and the far-reaching impact of sin, which can lead to the desolation of the natural world.

But Lot’s wife
The identity of Lot's wife is not explicitly mentioned by name in the Scriptures, which emphasizes her role and actions rather than her personal identity. In the Hebrew context, the mention of "Lot's wife" serves as a reminder of her connection to Lot, who was Abraham's nephew. This familial link underscores the narrative's focus on the consequences of disobedience within the covenant community. Her actions are a cautionary tale for those who are part of God's people, highlighting the importance of obedience and trust in God's commands.

looked back
The Hebrew word used here is "נָבַט" (nabat), which means to look intently or to regard with consideration. This was not a mere glance but an action that indicated longing or attachment to what was left behind. In the historical and scriptural context, this act of looking back symbolizes a heart divided between the past and the future God had planned. It serves as a metaphor for spiritual hesitation and the danger of yearning for a sinful past when God calls us to move forward in faith.

and she became
This phrase marks a sudden and dramatic transformation, indicating the immediacy of the consequence of disobedience. The Hebrew verb "הָיָה" (hayah) is used, which means "to become" or "to come to pass." It signifies a change in state, reflecting the irreversible nature of her decision. This transformation is a powerful reminder of the seriousness of God's commands and the swift justice that can follow disobedience.

a pillar of salt
The term "pillar" in Hebrew is "נְצִיב" (netziv), which can mean a garrison or a stationed object, suggesting permanence and immovability. Salt, in the ancient Near Eastern context, was a symbol of desolation and barrenness, often associated with judgment and destruction. Archaeologically, the region around the Dead Sea, where Sodom and Gomorrah were located, is rich in salt formations, providing a tangible backdrop to this narrative. The transformation of Lot's wife into a pillar of salt serves as a stark, physical representation of the consequences of disobedience and the spiritual barrenness that results from turning away from God's path.

Early the next morning
This phrase indicates a sense of urgency and dedication in Abraham's actions. The Hebrew word for "early" is "שָׁכַם" (shakam), which often implies rising with purpose or diligence. Abraham's early rising reflects his deep concern and commitment to his relationship with God, as well as his desire to witness the outcome of the divine judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah. This dedication serves as an example for believers to prioritize their spiritual duties and seek God earnestly.

Abraham got up
The act of getting up signifies readiness and action. Abraham's physical movement mirrors his spiritual alertness and willingness to engage with God's will. In the Hebrew context, "קָם" (qam) can also mean to stand or rise, symbolizing a readiness to fulfill one's duty. Abraham's actions remind believers of the importance of being spiritually vigilant and responsive to God's call.

and returned to the place
The phrase "returned to the place" suggests a deliberate revisiting of a significant location. This place is where Abraham previously interceded for Sodom, highlighting the importance of sacred spaces in one's spiritual journey. The Hebrew word "שׁוּב" (shuv) for "returned" often implies repentance or turning back, which can symbolize a return to God's presence and purposes. This teaches believers about the value of revisiting moments of divine encounter and prayer.

where he had stood before the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the intimate relationship between Abraham and God. The Hebrew word "עָמַד" (amad) for "stood" conveys a sense of standing firm or being established, indicating Abraham's steadfast faith and trust in God. Standing "before the LORD" signifies a position of humility and reverence, acknowledging God's sovereignty and authority. This serves as a powerful reminder for believers to maintain a posture of humility and faithfulness in their walk with God, continually seeking His presence and guidance.

and he looked down
The phrase "looked down" suggests a vantage point of observation, often associated with divine perspective or judgment. In Hebrew, the verb used here is "נָבַט" (nabat), which means to look intently or to regard with attention. This implies not just a casual glance but a purposeful observation, possibly reflecting God's omniscience and the gravity of the situation. Abraham, from his elevated position, witnesses the aftermath of divine judgment, reminding us of God's sovereignty and the serious consequences of sin.

toward Sodom and Gomorrah
Sodom and Gomorrah are infamous cities known for their wickedness and subsequent destruction. The historical and archaeological context suggests these cities were located near the Dead Sea, an area known for its sulfur and bitumen deposits, which could naturally contribute to the "fire and brimstone" narrative. The mention of these cities serves as a moral and spiritual lesson on the dangers of deviating from God's commandments and the inevitable judgment that follows unrepentant sin.

and toward all the land of the plain
The "land of the plain" refers to the fertile Jordan Valley, which was once lush and well-watered, akin to the "garden of the LORD" (Genesis 13:10). This phrase highlights the extent of the destruction, emphasizing that the judgment was not limited to the cities alone but affected the entire region. It serves as a stark reminder of the comprehensive nature of God's judgment when His righteousness is violated.

and he saw the smoke rising
The imagery of "smoke rising" is evocative of destruction and desolation. In Hebrew, "עָשָׁן" (ashan) is the word for smoke, often associated with burning and divine wrath. This visual serves as a powerful symbol of the totality of the destruction and the irreversible nature of God's judgment. It also foreshadows the ultimate judgment that will come upon the earth, urging believers to live righteously.

from the land
The phrase "from the land" indicates the source of the smoke, underscoring the complete devastation of the area. The land, once a symbol of prosperity and abundance, is now a testament to the consequences of sin. This transformation from fertility to barrenness serves as a metaphor for the spiritual desolation that results from turning away from God.

like smoke from a furnace
The comparison to "smoke from a furnace" conveys intense heat and thorough destruction. In ancient times, a furnace was used for refining metals, symbolizing purification through fire. This imagery suggests that the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah was not only punitive but also purifying, removing the wickedness from the land. It serves as a sobering reminder of the refining fire of God's judgment and the call to holiness for His people.

So when God destroyed
The phrase begins with a conjunction that connects the narrative to the preceding events. The Hebrew word for "destroyed" is "שָׁחַת" (shachat), which implies a complete and utter ruin. This destruction is not arbitrary but a divine judgment against the pervasive wickedness of Sodom and Gomorrah. The historical context reveals that these cities were known for their moral depravity, and archaeological evidence suggests that they were located near the Dead Sea, an area prone to natural disasters, which God used as instruments of His judgment.

the cities of the plain
The "cities of the plain" refers to the five cities in the Jordan Valley, including Sodom and Gomorrah. The Hebrew word for "plain" is "כִּכָּר" (kikkar), meaning a circular region, often associated with fertility and prosperity. This area was initially chosen by Lot for its lushness, yet it became a place of judgment due to its inhabitants' sinfulness. Theologically, this serves as a reminder that material prosperity without righteousness leads to destruction.

He remembered Abraham
The act of God "remembering" is significant in Hebrew thought. The word "זָכַר" (zakar) implies more than recalling; it denotes a covenantal faithfulness. God’s remembrance of Abraham highlights the power of intercessory prayer and the importance of righteous individuals in influencing divine actions. Abraham's earlier plea for the righteous in Sodom (Genesis 18) underscores the relational aspect of God's justice and mercy.

and He brought Lot out
The deliverance of Lot is an act of divine grace. The Hebrew verb "יָצָא" (yatsa) means to bring out or deliver, emphasizing God's active role in rescuing Lot. Despite Lot's compromised position in Sodom, God’s mercy extends to him because of Abraham’s intercession. This illustrates the theme of salvation and deliverance that runs throughout Scripture, where God rescues the faithful from judgment.

of the catastrophe
The term "catastrophe" in Hebrew is "הָפַךְ" (haphak), which means to overturn or overthrow. This word conveys the sudden and complete nature of the destruction. Theologically, it serves as a warning of the consequences of sin and the reality of divine judgment. It also foreshadows the ultimate judgment and the need for repentance and righteousness.

that destroyed the cities
The repetition of destruction emphasizes the totality of the judgment. The cities' obliteration serves as a historical and moral lesson for future generations. It is a testament to God's holiness and the seriousness with which He views sin. The narrative invites reflection on the need for societal righteousness and the dangers of moral decay.

where Lot had lived
Lot's residence in these cities highlights the tension between living in a sinful environment and maintaining personal righteousness. The Hebrew word "יָשַׁב" (yashab) means to dwell or settle, indicating Lot's choice to live among the wicked. His deliverance, despite his surroundings, underscores God's grace and the possibility of redemption even in the midst of corruption. It challenges believers to be in the world but not of it, maintaining integrity and faithfulness to God.

Lot and his two daughters
This phrase highlights the remnants of Lot's family after the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Lot, a nephew of Abraham, had chosen to live in the fertile plains near Sodom, but now he is left with only his two daughters. The Hebrew root for "daughters" (בָּנוֹת, banot) emphasizes the familial bond and the continuation of Lot's lineage, albeit under dire circumstances. This setting underscores the theme of survival and the consequences of choices made outside of God's guidance.

left Zoar
Zoar was one of the five cities of the plain, spared from destruction at Lot's request (Genesis 19:20-22). The name "Zoar" means "small" or "insignificant" in Hebrew, reflecting its minor status compared to the other cities. Lot's departure from Zoar signifies a transition from a place of perceived safety to one of isolation, driven by fear. This movement can be seen as a metaphor for leaving behind worldly security to seek refuge in God's provision, even when it seems less promising.

settled in the mountains
The mountains often symbolize a place of refuge and divine encounter in biblical literature. In Hebrew, "mountains" (הָהָר, hahar) can also imply a place of testing and transformation. Lot's choice to settle in the mountains, despite initially pleading to stay in Zoar, suggests a return to a more primitive and dependent state, away from the corrupting influences of the cities. This setting invites reflection on the spiritual journey of seeking higher ground and the protection that comes from trusting in God's plan.

for he was afraid to stay in Zoar
Lot's fear is a pivotal element in this narrative. The Hebrew word for "afraid" (יָרֵא, yare) conveys a deep sense of dread or reverence. Lot's fear may stem from witnessing the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and realizing the potential for judgment upon Zoar. This fear drives him to seek safety in the mountains, illustrating how fear can lead to decisions that align more closely with God's will, even when they involve leaving behind comfort and familiarity.

Instead, he and his two daughters lived in a cave
The cave represents a stark contrast to the life Lot once knew in Sodom. In biblical times, caves were often used as shelters or places of refuge. The Hebrew word for "cave" (מְעָרָה, me'arah) suggests a hidden or enclosed space, symbolizing both protection and isolation. This setting reflects Lot's reduced circumstances and the humbling of his family, yet it also serves as a place where God can work in unexpected ways. The cave becomes a backdrop for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan, even amidst human frailty and failure.

One day
This phrase sets the scene for a specific moment in time, indicating a turning point or significant event. In the Hebrew context, "one day" often marks a moment of decision or action. It suggests a deliberate choice by the daughters, highlighting the urgency and gravity of their situation. This moment is pivotal in the narrative, emphasizing the isolation and desperation they felt.

the older daughter
The mention of "the older daughter" underscores the cultural importance of birth order in ancient times. In Hebrew tradition, the firstborn often held a position of leadership and responsibility within the family. Her role in initiating the conversation and plan reflects her perceived duty to ensure the survival and continuity of their family line, despite the moral implications.

said to the younger
This phrase indicates a private conversation, suggesting a level of intimacy and trust between the sisters. The older daughter’s approach to her sister reveals a shared understanding and mutual concern for their predicament. It also highlights the absence of other family members or community support, emphasizing their isolation.

Our father is old
This statement acknowledges the advanced age of Lot, their father, which implies a sense of urgency. In the ancient Near Eastern context, age was associated with wisdom but also with the nearing end of life. The daughters' recognition of their father's age reflects their concern for the future and the continuation of their family line.

and there is no man in the land
This phrase reflects the daughters' perception of their isolation. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah left them without a community or potential husbands. In the historical context, marriage and procreation were vital for survival and legacy. Their statement underscores the desperation and hopelessness they felt in their circumstances.

to sleep with us
The phrase "to sleep with us" is a euphemism for sexual relations, which in this context, is intended for procreation. The daughters' plan, though morally questionable, was driven by the cultural imperative to preserve their family line. This reflects the ancient Near Eastern emphasis on lineage and inheritance.

as is the custom all over the earth
This phrase suggests a perceived universal norm or expectation regarding marriage and procreation. It reflects the daughters' understanding of societal customs and their desire to conform to these norms despite their extreme circumstances. The reference to "all over the earth" emphasizes the perceived universality of these customs, highlighting their desperation to adhere to societal expectations even in isolation.

Come, let us
This phrase indicates a deliberate and premeditated action. The Hebrew word for "come" (לְכָה, lecha) is often used to invite or propose a course of action. Here, it reflects the daughters' initiative and determination to address their perceived crisis. Historically, this reflects the urgency and desperation felt by Lot's daughters, who believed they were the last humans on earth after the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.

get our father drunk with wine
The use of wine in this context is significant. Wine (יַיִן, yayin) in the Bible is often associated with both celebration and moral testing. The daughters' plan to intoxicate Lot reveals their moral compromise and the influence of the corrupt environment of Sodom. This act of getting Lot drunk underscores the theme of human frailty and the consequences of living in a sinful society.

so we can sleep with him
This phrase is a euphemism for incestuous relations, which were strictly forbidden in later Mosaic Law (Leviticus 18:6-18). The daughters' decision reflects a distorted sense of duty to preserve their family line, showing how far they had strayed from God's intended moral order. This act is a stark reminder of the moral decay that can result from prolonged exposure to sinful environments.

and preserve his line
The desire to "preserve his line" (לְהַחֲיוֹת מִזֶּרַע אָבִינוּ, lehachayot mizera avinu) highlights the importance of lineage and heritage in ancient Near Eastern culture. The daughters' actions, though misguided, were driven by a cultural imperative to ensure the continuation of their father's name. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's sovereignty in preserving the chosen line, despite human failings and sinful actions.

So that night
This phrase sets the immediate context and urgency of the actions that follow. The Hebrew word for "night" is "לַיְלָה" (laylah), which often symbolizes a time of vulnerability and moral testing in the Bible. The night can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual darkness that has enveloped Lot's family, leading to their desperate and misguided actions.

they got their father drunk with wine
The act of getting Lot drunk is pivotal. The Hebrew word for "wine" is "יַיִן" (yayin), which is frequently associated with both celebration and moral downfall in Scripture. The daughters' decision to use wine to manipulate their father highlights a lack of faith and reliance on human schemes rather than divine guidance. This reflects a broader biblical theme where intoxication leads to poor judgment and sin, as seen in Noah's account (Genesis 9:21).

and the older daughter went in
The phrase "went in" indicates a deliberate and premeditated action. The Hebrew verb "בּוֹא" (bo) is used here, suggesting an intentional crossing of boundaries. The older daughter's initiative underscores her role in leading the plan, reflecting a breakdown in familial and societal norms.

and lay with her father
This phrase is a euphemism for sexual relations, and the Hebrew verb "שָׁכַב" (shakab) is used. The act is a grave violation of the moral and familial order established by God. It highlights the desperation and moral confusion that can arise when individuals are disconnected from God's will, as Lot's daughters were after the destruction of Sodom.

And he was not aware
Lot's lack of awareness, indicated by the Hebrew word "יָדַע" (yada), meaning "to know," underscores his vulnerability and the complete breakdown of his moral compass. This ignorance is both literal and symbolic, representing a spiritual blindness that has overtaken him due to his compromised position in Sodom.

when she lay down or when she got up
The repetition of the actions "lay down" and "got up" emphasizes the completeness of Lot's unawareness and the gravity of the situation. It suggests a cycle of sin and ignorance, where actions are taken without understanding or acknowledgment of their consequences. This reflects a broader biblical warning against spiritual complacency and the dangers of being led astray by worldly influences.

The next day
This phrase indicates the passage of time and continuity of the narrative. In the Hebrew context, the day begins at sunset, which is significant in understanding the cultural and chronological setting of the events. The phrase suggests a deliberate continuation of the plan initiated by the daughters, highlighting their determination and the urgency they felt in preserving their lineage.

the older daughter said to the younger
The older daughter takes the initiative, which reflects the cultural norms of primogeniture, where the firstborn often assumes leadership roles. This dynamic is crucial in understanding the decision-making process and the weight of responsibility felt by the older daughter. The Hebrew culture placed significant emphasis on family lineage, and the older daughter's actions, though morally questionable, were driven by a desire to fulfill this cultural expectation.

Look, I slept with my father last night
This confession is stark and direct, underscoring the gravity of the situation. The Hebrew word for "slept" (שָׁכַב, shakab) can imply lying down for rest or for sexual relations, and here it is used euphemistically. The transparency of the older daughter’s statement reveals a lack of awareness or concern for the moral implications, focusing instead on the pragmatic outcome of preserving the family line.

Let us get him drunk with wine again tonight
The use of wine in this context is significant. Wine, in ancient times, was a common beverage, often used in celebrations and rituals. However, its misuse here highlights the daughters' manipulation and the moral decline post-Sodom. The Hebrew word for "wine" (יַיִן, yayin) is often associated with both joy and excess, and its role in this narrative is pivotal in understanding the daughters' strategy to achieve their goal.

so you can go sleep with him
The plan is now extended to the younger daughter, indicating a shared responsibility and complicity in the act. The repetition of the act underscores the desperation and the perceived necessity of their actions. The Hebrew culture's emphasis on progeny and inheritance rights is a driving force behind this decision, despite the ethical boundaries being crossed.

and we can preserve our father’s line
This phrase reveals the daughters' ultimate motivation: the preservation of their family lineage. In the ancient Near Eastern context, lineage was crucial for identity, inheritance, and social standing. The Hebrew word for "preserve" (חָיָה, chayah) means to live or to keep alive, emphasizing the life-giving aspect of their intent, albeit through morally questionable means. This reflects a deep-seated cultural value placed on family continuity, which, in their isolated and desperate state, justified their actions in their eyes.

So again that night
This phrase indicates a continuation of events from the previous night, emphasizing the repetitive nature of the daughters' actions. The Hebrew word for "night" (לַיְלָה, laylah) often symbolizes a time of moral ambiguity or danger in the Bible. The repetition of the event underscores the desperation and misguided intentions of Lot's daughters, who believed they were ensuring their family's survival.

they got their father drunk with wine
The act of getting Lot drunk is central to the narrative. The Hebrew word for "wine" (יַיִן, yayin) is frequently associated with both celebration and moral lapses in the Bible. This phrase highlights the daughters' manipulation and the moral decline that can accompany intoxication. It serves as a cautionary tale about the loss of self-control and the potential for sin when one is not vigilant.

and the younger daughter went in and lay with him
The phrase "went in and lay with him" is a euphemism for sexual relations. The Hebrew verb "lay" (שָׁכַב, shakab) is often used in contexts of illicit or inappropriate sexual encounters. This action by the younger daughter, like her sister's the previous night, reflects a grave moral failing and a lack of trust in God's provision. It also highlights the cultural and familial pressures that can lead individuals to justify sinful actions.

And he was not aware
Lot's lack of awareness is significant. The Hebrew root for "aware" (יָדַע, yada) means to know or perceive. This phrase underscores Lot's complete oblivion to the events, emphasizing the consequences of his inebriation. It serves as a warning about the dangers of losing one's faculties and the potential for others to exploit such a state.

when she lay down or when she got up
This phrase bookends the encounter, indicating Lot's total unawareness from beginning to end. The repetition of "lay down" and "got up" (שָׁכַב, shakab and קוּם, qum) emphasizes the completeness of his ignorance. It highlights the tragic nature of the situation, where actions taken in darkness and ignorance lead to lasting consequences. This serves as a reminder of the importance of vigilance and the moral clarity that comes from living in the light of God's truth.

Thus
The word "thus" serves as a conclusion to the preceding narrative, indicating the result of the actions taken by Lot's daughters. In Hebrew, the word used here is "וַתַּהֲרֶיןָ" (vat-taharenah), which connects the previous events with their outcome. This word underscores the gravity and finality of the situation, highlighting the consequences of the daughters' decisions. It serves as a reminder of the moral and ethical decline that can occur when individuals rely on their own understanding rather than seeking God's guidance.

both of Lot’s daughters
This phrase emphasizes the involvement of both daughters in the act. The Hebrew word for "daughters" is "בָּנוֹת" (banot), which is a plural form, indicating the collective action and shared responsibility. The mention of "Lot's daughters" specifically ties the narrative back to Lot, a man who had been shown mercy by God through his rescue from Sodom. This familial connection highlights the tragic irony of the situation, as Lot's lineage, which was meant to be preserved, becomes tainted by sin.

became pregnant
The phrase "became pregnant" is translated from the Hebrew word "וַתַּהֲרֶיןָ" (vat-taharenah), which is the same root used earlier for "thus," indicating conception. This word choice underscores the physical reality and the irreversible nature of the daughters' actions. In the cultural and historical context of the Bible, pregnancy was often seen as a blessing and a continuation of one's lineage. However, in this case, it is a result of an incestuous relationship, highlighting the distortion of what was meant to be a divine blessing.

by their father
The phrase "by their father" is a stark and unsettling conclusion to the verse. The Hebrew word for "father" is "אָבִיהֶן" (avihem), which directly links the act of conception to Lot. This phrase brings to light the moral and ethical implications of the daughters' actions, as it violates the natural order and God's design for family relationships. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the importance of adhering to God's commandments.

The older daughter
This phrase refers to Lot's elder daughter, who, along with her sister, survived the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. In the Hebrew context, the term for "older" (בְּכִירָה, bekhirah) signifies the firstborn, often associated with leadership and responsibility. Her actions, though morally questionable, were driven by a desire to preserve her father's lineage, reflecting the cultural emphasis on family continuity.

gave birth to a son
The act of giving birth is significant in biblical narratives, often marking the continuation of a family line or the beginning of a new nation. In Hebrew, "gave birth" (וַתֵּלֶד, vateled) underscores the fulfillment of a divine plan, even through flawed human actions. This birth sets the stage for the emergence of the Moabite nation, which plays a crucial role in Israel's history.

and she named him Moab
Naming in the Bible is a profound act, often reflecting circumstances of birth or prophetic insights. "Moab" (מוֹאָב) is believed to mean "from the father," indicating the incestuous origin of the child. This name serves as a perpetual reminder of the complex and often troubled relationship between the Israelites and the Moabites.

He is the father of the Moabites
This phrase establishes Moab as the progenitor of a distinct people group. The Moabites, though related to the Israelites, frequently found themselves in conflict with them. Historically, the Moabites occupied territory east of the Dead Sea, and archaeological findings, such as the Mesha Stele, provide insight into their culture and interactions with Israel.

of today
The phrase "of today" (עַד־הַיּוֹם, ad-hayom) emphasizes the enduring legacy of Moab's lineage. It suggests that the Moabites were a recognized and established nation at the time of the text's composition. This continuity highlights the long-lasting impact of the events described, serving as a reminder of the complex interplay between divine providence and human agency in biblical history.

The younger daughter
This phrase refers to Lot's younger daughter, who, along with her sister, took drastic measures to preserve their family line after the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. In the Hebrew context, the younger daughter is often seen as less prominent, yet her actions here are pivotal in the narrative. This highlights the theme of unexpected individuals playing significant roles in God's unfolding plan, a recurring motif throughout Scripture.

also gave birth to a son
The act of giving birth is a significant event in biblical narratives, often symbolizing the continuation of a lineage or the fulfillment of divine promises. In this context, the birth of a son to the younger daughter signifies the beginning of a new nation, despite the morally complex circumstances surrounding his conception. This reflects the biblical theme of God working through imperfect situations to achieve His purposes.

and she named him Ben-Ammi
The name "Ben-Ammi" in Hebrew means "son of my people." Naming in the Bible often carries prophetic or symbolic significance. Here, the name reflects the younger daughter's intention to establish a new people group, the Ammonites. This act of naming underscores the power of words and identity in biblical tradition, where names often reveal character or destiny.

he is the father of the Ammonites
The Ammonites were a significant people group in the ancient Near East, often in conflict with Israel. This phrase establishes the historical and genealogical roots of the Ammonites, linking them directly to Lot's family. It serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of the nations surrounding Israel and the complex relationships that ensue, often reflecting the broader narrative of human sin and divine redemption.

of today
This phrase emphasizes the enduring legacy of the events described in Genesis. The mention of "today" suggests the ongoing relevance of these ancient narratives, as the descendants of Ben-Ammi, the Ammonites, continued to play a role in the biblical story. It serves as a reminder of the lasting impact of our actions and decisions, echoing the biblical theme of generational consequences and the sovereignty of God over history.