Now we know
This phrase indicates a certainty and assurance in the knowledge that Paul is about to share. The Greek word used here is "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen), which implies an intuitive or inherent understanding. Paul is speaking to believers who have a deep-seated confidence in the promises of God, a knowledge that transcends mere intellectual assent and is rooted in faith.

that if the earthly tent we live in
The "earthly tent" is a metaphor for our physical bodies. The Greek word "σκῆνος" (skēnos) refers to a temporary dwelling, much like the tents used by nomads or the Israelites during their wilderness journey. This imagery reminds us of the transient nature of our earthly existence, echoing the biblical theme that our true citizenship is in heaven (Philippians 3:20).

is dismantled
The term "dismantled" comes from the Greek "καταλυθῇ" (katalythē), meaning to be taken down or destroyed. This reflects the inevitable decay and mortality of our physical bodies. Yet, for the believer, this dismantling is not an end but a transition to something far greater, emphasizing the hope of resurrection and eternal life.

we have a building from God
Contrasting the temporary "tent," the "building from God" signifies a permanent, glorified body. The Greek "οἰκοδομήν" (oikodomēn) suggests a structure that is solid and enduring. This building is not of human origin but is divinely crafted, underscoring the divine promise of a resurrected body that is imperishable and eternal.

an eternal house in heaven
The phrase "eternal house" further emphasizes the permanence and security of our future state. The Greek "αἰώνιον" (aiōnion) means everlasting, pointing to the unending nature of our heavenly dwelling. This house is "in heaven," indicating its divine origin and the ultimate destination for believers, aligning with Jesus' promise of preparing a place for us (John 14:2).

not built by human hands
This final phrase highlights the divine craftsmanship of our future bodies. The Greek "ἀχειροποίητον" (acheiropoiēton) means "not made with hands," signifying that our eternal dwelling is a work of God, not of human effort. This echoes the biblical truth that salvation and eternal life are gifts from God, not achieved by human works (Ephesians 2:8-9).

For in this tent
The word "tent" here is translated from the Greek word "σκῆνος" (skēnos), which refers to a temporary dwelling. In the context of 2 Corinthians, Paul uses this metaphor to describe our earthly bodies. The imagery of a tent suggests something transient and fragile, emphasizing the temporary nature of our physical existence. Historically, tents were used by nomads and travelers, symbolizing a journey rather than a permanent settlement. This aligns with the Christian understanding that life on earth is a pilgrimage towards our eternal home with God.

we groan
The Greek word "στενάζω" (stenazō) conveys a deep, inward sighing or lamentation. This groaning reflects the human experience of suffering, pain, and the burdens of life in a fallen world. It is a yearning for something more, a recognition that our current state is not our ultimate destiny. In a broader scriptural context, this groaning is echoed in Romans 8:22-23, where creation itself is described as groaning in anticipation of redemption. It is a reminder of the hope and expectation for the fulfillment of God's promises.

longing to be clothed
The phrase "longing to be clothed" comes from the Greek "ἐπιποθέω" (epipotheō), which means to earnestly desire or yearn for something. This longing is not just a wishful thinking but a deep-seated desire for transformation and renewal. The imagery of being "clothed" suggests a change of state, from mortality to immortality, from corruption to incorruption. It reflects the Christian hope of resurrection and the promise of a glorified body, as described in 1 Corinthians 15:53-54.

with our heavenly dwelling
The "heavenly dwelling" is translated from the Greek "οἰκητήριον" (oikētērion), which refers to a permanent habitation. This contrasts with the temporary "tent" of our earthly bodies. The heavenly dwelling represents the eternal, glorified state that believers will inherit in the presence of God. It is a place of rest, security, and fulfillment, free from the limitations and sufferings of earthly life. This concept is rooted in the promise of Jesus in John 14:2, where He speaks of preparing a place for His followers in His Father's house.

if indeed
This phrase introduces a conditional statement, suggesting a level of uncertainty or a condition that must be met. In the Greek, "εἴ γε" (ei ge) implies a strong affirmation, often used to emphasize the truth of the following statement. Paul is expressing a confident hope rather than doubt. This reflects the assurance believers have in the promises of God, rooted in faith and the certainty of God's word.

when we are clothed
The imagery of being "clothed" is significant in Pauline theology. The Greek word "ἐνδυσάμενοι" (endusamenoi) refers to being dressed or arrayed. In the context of 2 Corinthians 5, Paul is speaking about the heavenly dwelling or the resurrection body that believers will receive. This clothing metaphor is rich with meaning, symbolizing the transformation and glorification that comes with eternal life. It echoes the idea of putting on Christ (Galatians 3:27) and being clothed with immortality (1 Corinthians 15:53-54).

we will not be found naked
The concept of being "naked" here, from the Greek "γυμνοὶ" (gymnoi), conveys vulnerability and incompleteness. In the ancient world, nakedness often symbolized shame and exposure. Paul contrasts this with the assurance of being clothed in righteousness and immortality. Theologically, this speaks to the believer's hope of being fully covered by Christ's righteousness, avoiding the shame of sin and the inadequacy of our earthly existence. It reassures Christians of their future state, where they will stand complete and whole before God, free from the shame and limitations of the present life.

So while we are in this tent
The phrase "in this tent" uses the metaphor of a tent to describe our earthly bodies. The Greek word "σκῆνος" (skēnos) refers to a temporary dwelling, emphasizing the transient nature of our physical existence. Historically, tents were used by nomadic people, including the Israelites during their wilderness journey. This imagery suggests that our current life is temporary and not our permanent home, pointing to the eternal dwelling we anticipate in heaven.

we groan under our burdens
The word "groan" comes from the Greek "στενάζω" (stenazō), which conveys a deep, internal sighing or longing. This groaning reflects the human experience of suffering and the weight of living in a fallen world. It echoes the groaning of creation mentioned in Romans 8:22, highlighting the universal longing for redemption and restoration. The burdens we bear are not just physical but also spiritual and emotional, as we yearn for the fulfillment of God's promises.

because we do not wish to be unclothed
The term "unclothed" suggests a state of being without a body, which Paul describes as undesirable. The Greek "ἐκδύω" (ekdyō) means to strip off or divest. In the context of the afterlife, Paul is expressing a desire not for a disembodied existence but for a transformed, glorified body. This reflects the Christian hope of resurrection, where believers will be clothed with immortality.

but clothed
The desire to be "clothed" indicates a longing for the heavenly body promised to believers. The Greek "ἐπενδύομαι" (ependýomai) means to put on over, suggesting an addition or enhancement rather than a replacement. This aligns with the biblical promise of a new, glorified body that believers will receive at the resurrection, as described in 1 Corinthians 15:53-54.

so that our mortality
"Mortality" refers to the perishable nature of human life. The Greek "θνητός" (thnētos) signifies that which is subject to death. This highlights the contrast between our current state and the eternal life promised through Christ. Mortality is a reminder of the fall and the consequence of sin, but it also points to the hope of overcoming death through Jesus.

may be swallowed up by life
The phrase "swallowed up by life" uses the Greek "καταπίνω" (katapinō), meaning to consume or devour completely. This powerful imagery suggests the total victory of eternal life over death. It reflects the promise found in Isaiah 25:8, where God will swallow up death forever. In Christ, life triumphs over mortality, offering believers the assurance of eternal life and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

And God
The phrase begins with the acknowledgment of God as the ultimate source and initiator of the believer's journey. In the Greek, "Theos" is used, emphasizing the monotheistic belief in one sovereign God who is actively involved in the lives of His people. This reflects the historical context of the early church, which was surrounded by polytheistic cultures. The emphasis on God underscores His authority and the divine orchestration of the believer's life.

has prepared us
The Greek word "katergazomai" is used here, which means to work out or to bring about. This indicates an ongoing process of preparation that God is actively involved in. Historically, this preparation can be seen as the sanctification process, where believers are being molded and shaped for their eternal purpose. It is a reminder of the divine craftsmanship at work in the life of every Christian, aligning with the biblical narrative of God as the potter and believers as the clay.

for this very purpose
The phrase highlights the intentionality of God's plan. The Greek word "eis" suggests a direction or goal, pointing to the specific purpose God has for each believer. This purpose is not arbitrary but is part of God's grand design for humanity. In the scriptural context, this purpose is often linked to the ultimate redemption and glorification of believers, aligning with the eschatological hope found throughout the New Testament.

and has given us
The verb "didomi" in Greek means to give or bestow, indicating a generous and intentional act by God. This reflects the historical understanding of God as a benevolent provider. The act of giving is central to the Christian faith, symbolizing grace and the unmerited favor bestowed upon believers. It is a reminder of the divine generosity that underpins the relationship between God and His people.

the Spirit
The Holy Spirit, or "Pneuma" in Greek, is the third person of the Trinity, representing God's presence and power in the life of believers. The Spirit's role is multifaceted, including comfort, guidance, and empowerment. In the historical context of the early church, the Holy Spirit was seen as the fulfillment of Jesus' promise to send a helper, marking the new covenant and the indwelling presence of God within believers.

as a pledge
The Greek word "arrabon" is used here, which can be translated as a guarantee or down payment. This term was commonly used in ancient commercial transactions to signify a first installment or a promise of more to come. In the spiritual context, the Holy Spirit as a pledge assures believers of their future inheritance and the fulfillment of God's promises. It is a powerful reminder of the certainty and security of the believer's hope in Christ.

of what is to come
This phrase points to the eschatological hope that is central to the Christian faith. The Greek "mello" suggests something that is about to happen or is on the horizon. It reflects the anticipation of the full realization of God's kingdom and the believer's ultimate glorification. Historically, this hope has been a source of encouragement and perseverance for Christians facing trials and persecution, reminding them of the eternal glory that awaits.

So we are always confident
The phrase "so we are always confident" reflects a state of unwavering assurance and trust. The Greek word for "confident" here is "θαρροῦντες" (tharrountes), which conveys a sense of boldness and courage. This confidence is not based on human strength or circumstances but on faith in God's promises and presence. Historically, the early Christians faced persecution and trials, yet their confidence was rooted in the eternal hope and assurance provided by their faith in Christ. This confidence is a hallmark of the Christian life, encouraging believers to live boldly and fearlessly, knowing that their ultimate security is in God.

and know that while we are at home in the body
The phrase "and know that while we are at home in the body" speaks to the awareness of our current physical existence. The Greek word for "home" is "ἐνδημοῦντες" (endēmountes), which implies dwelling or residing. This reflects the temporary nature of our earthly life, as our true citizenship is in heaven. The body is seen as a temporary dwelling place, a tent, as Paul describes elsewhere, emphasizing the transient nature of our physical existence. This understanding calls Christians to live with an eternal perspective, recognizing that their true home is with the Lord.

we are away from the Lord
The phrase "we are away from the Lord" highlights the separation between our current physical existence and the fullness of being in God's presence. The Greek word "ἐκδημοῦμεν" (ekdēmoumen) means to be absent or away from one's home. This absence is not a spiritual separation, as believers are united with Christ through the Holy Spirit, but rather a physical one. The historical context of this longing for the Lord's presence is rooted in the Jewish understanding of the temple as God's dwelling place. For Christians, this longing is fulfilled in the hope of eternal life, where they will be fully present with the Lord. This phrase encourages believers to live with a sense of anticipation and hope for the day when they will be united with Christ in glory.

For we walk
The phrase "For we walk" suggests a continuous journey or lifestyle. In the Greek, the word "walk" is "περιπατέω" (peripateo), which implies conducting one's life or behaving in a certain manner. This term is often used in the New Testament to describe the Christian life as a journey or pilgrimage. Historically, the metaphor of walking was common in Jewish thought, symbolizing one's conduct and moral path. The Christian life is depicted as an ongoing journey, requiring perseverance and commitment.

by faith
The Greek word for "faith" is "πίστις" (pistis), which encompasses trust, belief, and confidence in God. In the context of 2 Corinthians, Paul emphasizes that faith is the foundation of the Christian life. It is not merely intellectual assent but a deep-seated trust in God's promises and character. Faith is the means by which believers navigate the uncertainties of life, relying on the unseen realities of God's kingdom. This concept is rooted in the Hebrew tradition, where faith (emunah) is a steadfast trust in God's covenantal faithfulness.

not by sight
The contrast "not by sight" highlights the distinction between the physical and spiritual realms. The Greek word for "sight" is "εἴδω" (eido), which refers to seeing or perceiving with the eyes. In a historical context, the Greco-Roman world placed a high value on empirical evidence and sensory perception. However, Paul challenges this worldview by asserting that the Christian life is not governed by what is visible or tangible. Instead, believers are called to trust in the unseen realities of God's promises. This echoes the scriptural theme found in Hebrews 11:1, where faith is described as the assurance of things hoped for and the conviction of things not seen.

We are confident
The Greek word used here is "θαρροῦμεν" (tharroumen), which conveys a sense of boldness and courage. In the context of Paul's ministry, this confidence is not rooted in human strength but in the assurance of faith and the promises of God. Historically, Paul faced numerous trials and persecutions, yet his confidence remained unshaken because it was anchored in the eternal hope of the Gospel. This confidence is a call for believers to trust in God's sovereignty and His ultimate plan for their lives.

then
The word "then" serves as a logical connector, indicating a conclusion drawn from previous statements. In the preceding verses, Paul discusses the temporary nature of our earthly bodies and the eternal nature of our heavenly dwelling. This word emphasizes the logical progression of thought, leading to the conclusion that confidence in the Lord is a natural outcome of understanding our eternal destiny.

and would prefer
The phrase "would prefer" is translated from the Greek "εὐδοκοῦμεν" (eudokoumen), which implies a strong desire or inclination. This reflects the apostle's deep longing for the eternal presence of God, surpassing any earthly attachment. Historically, this longing is consistent with the early Christian understanding of life as a pilgrimage toward a heavenly home, a perspective that shaped their values and priorities.

to be away from the body
This phrase highlights the temporary nature of our physical existence. The Greek word "ἐκδημῆσαι" (ekdēmēsai) means to be absent or to depart. Paul uses this imagery to express the transient state of our earthly life compared to the eternal reality with God. Theologically, this reflects the Christian belief in the soul's immortality and the hope of resurrection, which provides comfort and purpose amid life's challenges.

and at home with the Lord
The Greek "ἐνδημῆσαι" (endēmēsai) means to be present or to dwell. This phrase encapsulates the ultimate hope and goal of the Christian life: to be in the presence of the Lord. Historically, this reflects the early Christian anticipation of being united with Christ after death, a hope that provided strength and encouragement in the face of persecution. Scripturally, it aligns with the promise of eternal life and the believer's future glorification with Christ.

So we aspire
The phrase "So we aspire" indicates a strong, intentional desire or ambition. The Greek word used here is "φιλοτιμούμεθα" (philotimoumetha), which conveys a sense of earnest striving or endeavoring. In the context of Paul's letter, this aspiration is not a casual wish but a deep-seated commitment to live in a way that honors God. Historically, this reflects the early Christian community's dedication to living out their faith amidst a culture that often opposed their beliefs. The aspiration is not just personal but communal, as Paul often speaks on behalf of the collective body of believers.

to please Him
The focus of the aspiration is "to please Him," referring to God. The Greek word "εὐάρεστοι" (euarestoi) means to be well-pleasing or acceptable. This reflects a relational dynamic where the believer's actions are directed towards gaining God's approval, not out of fear, but out of love and reverence. Scripturally, this aligns with the broader biblical narrative that emphasizes living a life that reflects God's character and commands. Pleasing God is a central theme throughout the New Testament, underscoring the importance of aligning one's life with divine will.

whether we are here in this body
The phrase "whether we are here in this body" speaks to the present, earthly existence. The Greek word for "body" is "σώματι" (sōmati), which refers to the physical body. Paul acknowledges the reality of life on earth, with its challenges and limitations. This phrase suggests that the aspiration to please God is not limited to a future, spiritual existence but is a present, active pursuit. Historically, this reflects the early Christian understanding of the body as a temple of the Holy Spirit, emphasizing the importance of living a holy life in the here and now.

or away from it
The phrase "or away from it" refers to the state of being apart from the physical body, which Paul elsewhere describes as being "at home with the Lord" (2 Corinthians 5:8). The Greek word "ἐκδημοῦντες" (ekdēmountes) implies being absent or away. This reflects the Christian hope of eternal life and the belief in a continued existence beyond physical death. Theologically, this points to the dual reality of the Christian life: living in the world while anticipating a future with God. It underscores the continuity of the believer's relationship with God, whether in the physical realm or the spiritual.

For we must all appear
The phrase "For we must all appear" underscores the universality and inevitability of this event. The Greek word for "appear" is "φανερωθῆναι" (phanerōthēnai), which means to be made manifest or revealed. This suggests that nothing will be hidden from Christ's judgment. Historically, the concept of a judgment seat, or "bema," was well-known in Greco-Roman culture as a place where officials would sit to make judgments. This imagery would resonate with the Corinthian audience, emphasizing the seriousness and authority of Christ's judgment.

before the judgment seat of Christ
The "judgment seat of Christ" is a critical theological concept. The Greek term "βῆμα" (bēma) refers to a raised platform used by Roman officials to deliver judgments. In a Christian context, it signifies the place where Christ will evaluate the lives of believers. This is not a judgment for salvation, which is secured through faith in Jesus, but rather an assessment of one's life and works. Theologically, this highlights the accountability of believers and the importance of living a life that honors God.

that each one may receive his due
"That each one may receive his due" speaks to the individual nature of this judgment. The Greek word "κομίσηται" (komisētai) means to receive back or to be recompensed. This implies a personal and just recompense for one's actions. In a historical context, this reflects the biblical principle of sowing and reaping, where one's actions have corresponding consequences. It serves as a reminder of personal responsibility and the importance of living a life aligned with God's will.

for the things done in the body
The phrase "for the things done in the body" emphasizes the tangible actions and decisions made during one's earthly life. The Greek word "πράξας" (praxis) refers to deeds or actions. This highlights the biblical teaching that our physical lives and actions have eternal significance. It underscores the importance of living out one's faith in practical ways, as our earthly actions are the basis for Christ's judgment.

whether good or bad
"Whether good or bad" indicates the comprehensive nature of this judgment. The Greek words "ἀγαθὸν" (agathon) and "φαῦλον" (phaulon) mean good and worthless, respectively. This dichotomy reflects the moral evaluation of one's actions. From a scriptural perspective, it emphasizes that all actions, whether righteous or sinful, will be brought to light. This serves as both a warning and an encouragement to live a life that reflects the values of the Kingdom of God, knowing that Christ's judgment is fair and just.

Therefore
This word serves as a bridge, connecting the previous thoughts to the current statement. In the context of 2 Corinthians, Paul has been discussing the eternal perspective and the judgment seat of Christ. The Greek word "ὥστε" (hōste) implies a logical conclusion drawn from the preceding arguments. It emphasizes the importance of living in light of eternal truths, urging believers to act with purpose and conviction.

since we know
The Greek word "εἰδότες" (eidotes) indicates a deep, experiential knowledge. This is not mere intellectual assent but a profound understanding that comes from a relationship with God. Paul speaks from a place of certainty and personal experience, underscoring the confidence believers can have in their faith and the truths of the Gospel.

what it means to fear the Lord
The "fear of the Lord" is a recurring biblical theme, rooted in the Hebrew concept of "yirah," which encompasses awe, reverence, and respect. It is not a paralyzing fear but a recognition of God's holiness and authority. This fear motivates believers to live righteously and to align their lives with God's will, acknowledging His sovereignty and justice.

we try to persuade men
The Greek word "πείθομεν" (peithomen) suggests an active effort to convince or influence others. Paul’s mission was to share the Gospel and bring others to faith in Christ. This phrase highlights the responsibility of believers to be ambassadors for Christ, using their knowledge and experience to guide others toward salvation.

What we are is plain to God
Paul emphasizes transparency before God, who sees and knows all. The Greek word "φανεροί" (phaneroi) means "manifest" or "evident." This phrase reassures believers that their true character and intentions are known to God, who judges justly. It encourages living with integrity, knowing that nothing is hidden from the Lord.

and I hope it is also plain to your conscience
Paul expresses a desire for the Corinthians to recognize his sincerity and integrity. The Greek word "συνειδήσει" (syneidesei) refers to the moral consciousness that discerns right from wrong. Paul appeals to the believers' inner sense of truth, hoping that their perception aligns with God's view. This underscores the importance of a clear conscience in the Christian life, reflecting a heart aligned with God's truth and love.

We are not commending ourselves to you again
This phrase indicates Paul's intention to clarify his motives. The Greek word for "commending" (συνιστάνομεν) suggests the act of presenting or introducing oneself favorably. Paul emphasizes that his purpose is not self-promotion. Historically, Paul faced criticism from false apostles who questioned his authority. This context reveals his desire to focus on the integrity of his ministry rather than personal accolades.

but giving you an occasion to boast on our behalf
Here, Paul shifts the focus to the Corinthians, offering them a reason to take pride in his ministry. The Greek word for "boast" (καύχημα) implies a sense of pride or glory. Paul wants the Corinthians to have confidence in his apostolic work, which is rooted in genuine service to Christ. This reflects a broader biblical theme where true boasting is in the Lord and His work, not in human achievements.

so that you will have an answer for those who boast in appearances
Paul contrasts superficial boasting with genuine spiritual integrity. The term "appearances" (πρόσωπον) refers to outward, visible aspects, often associated with superficial judgments. In the historical context, some individuals in Corinth valued external credentials over inner spiritual truth. Paul encourages the Corinthians to discern beyond mere appearances, aligning with biblical teachings that God looks at the heart (1 Samuel 16:7).

and not in the heart
The "heart" (καρδία) in biblical terms often represents the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, and will. Paul underscores the importance of inner sincerity over external show. This aligns with Jesus' teachings in the Gospels, where He frequently criticized the Pharisees for their focus on outward rituals rather than inward righteousness. Paul’s message is a call to prioritize genuine faith and integrity over superficial displays.

If we are out of our mind
The phrase "out of our mind" comes from the Greek word "exestēmen," which can mean to be beside oneself or to be in a state of ecstasy. In the context of Paul's ministry, this could refer to the intense spiritual experiences or fervor that might appear irrational to outsiders. Historically, early Christians were often misunderstood and accused of madness due to their fervent faith and counter-cultural practices. Paul acknowledges that their passionate devotion might seem irrational, but it is a testament to their commitment to God. This phrase challenges believers to consider how their faith might appear to the world and to embrace a God-centered life that might defy worldly logic.

it is for God
This phrase emphasizes the motivation behind any perceived irrationality. The Greek word "Theou" (for God) indicates that any actions or states of being that seem out of the ordinary are dedicated to God. This reflects a deep commitment to living a life that prioritizes divine approval over human understanding. Historically, this aligns with the early church's willingness to endure persecution and misunderstanding for the sake of their faith. It serves as an inspiration for modern believers to prioritize their relationship with God, even when it leads to actions that the world might not understand.

if we are of sound mind
The phrase "of sound mind" translates from the Greek "sōphronoumen," meaning to be of sober mind or self-controlled. Paul contrasts the ecstatic experiences with a rational, controlled demeanor, suggesting that both states serve a purpose in the Christian life. The historical context of Corinth, a city known for its philosophical debates and diverse religious practices, would have required a balance of fervor and reason to effectively communicate the Gospel. This phrase encourages believers to maintain a balance between spiritual passion and rational thought, ensuring that their witness is both heartfelt and understandable.

it is for you
The phrase "for you" indicates that the rational, controlled aspect of Paul's ministry is intended for the benefit of the Corinthian believers. The Greek "hymin" (for you) underscores the pastoral care and responsibility Paul feels towards the church. Historically, this reflects the apostolic mission to nurture and guide early Christian communities, ensuring their growth and stability. This phrase inspires believers to consider how their actions and demeanor can serve and edify others within the body of Christ, emphasizing the importance of community and mutual edification in the Christian faith.

For Christ’s love
The phrase "For Christ’s love" serves as the foundation of the Apostle Paul's argument. The Greek word for love here is "agape," which signifies a selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love. This is the love that Christ demonstrated through His life, death, and resurrection. Historically, this love was radical in the Greco-Roman world, which often viewed love as transactional or self-serving. In a conservative Christian perspective, this love is the ultimate expression of God's nature and is the driving force behind the believer's actions and motivations.

compels us
The Greek word translated as "compels" is "synechō," which can also mean to hold together, constrain, or urge. This suggests a powerful, almost irresistible force that directs and motivates believers. In the historical context of Paul's ministry, this compulsion was not merely an emotional response but a profound, Spirit-led conviction that guided the early Christians in their mission and service. It implies that the love of Christ is not passive but actively shapes and directs the lives of those who follow Him.

because we are convinced
The phrase "because we are convinced" indicates a firm belief or persuasion. The Greek word "krinō" implies a judgment or decision made after careful consideration. This conviction is not based on blind faith but on the evidence of Christ's life, death, and resurrection, as well as the transformative power of the Holy Spirit in the believer's life. Historically, this conviction was essential for the early church as they faced persecution and challenges, and it remains crucial for believers today as they navigate a world often opposed to Christian values.

that One died for all
"That One died for all" refers to the central tenet of the Christian faith: the atoning death of Jesus Christ. The "One" is Christ, and His death is substitutionary, meaning He died in place of all humanity. The Greek word "hyper" (for) suggests representation or on behalf of. This concept is rooted in the Old Testament sacrificial system, where a lamb would be offered for the sins of the people. In the New Testament, Christ is the ultimate sacrificial Lamb, fulfilling and surpassing the old covenant. This historical and theological context underscores the universality and sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice.

therefore all died
The phrase "therefore all died" is a profound theological statement. It implies that through Christ's death, all who are united with Him by faith have also died to their old selves and the power of sin. The Greek word "apothnēskō" (died) suggests a definitive break or separation. In a conservative Christian understanding, this signifies the believer's identification with Christ's death, burial, and resurrection, leading to a new life in Him. Historically, this concept was revolutionary, offering hope and transformation to a world bound by sin and death. It calls believers to live in the reality of this new identity, empowered by the Holy Spirit.

And He died for all
This phrase emphasizes the universality of Christ's sacrificial death. The Greek word for "all" is "πάντων" (panton), indicating inclusivity without exception. Historically, this reflects the early Christian understanding that Jesus' atonement was not limited to a specific group but extended to all humanity. This universality is foundational to the Christian message of salvation, underscoring the boundless love and grace of God.

that those who live
The phrase "those who live" refers to believers who have received new life through Christ. The Greek word "ζῶντες" (zontes) implies an active, ongoing state of living. In a spiritual context, it signifies those who have been spiritually resurrected with Christ, living a life transformed by His grace. This new life is not merely biological but is characterized by a renewed purpose and direction.

should no longer live for themselves
This part of the verse challenges believers to shift their focus from self-centered living to a Christ-centered existence. The Greek word "ἑαυτοῖς" (heautois) for "themselves" highlights the natural human tendency towards self-interest. Historically, this call to selflessness was radical, especially in a Greco-Roman culture that often celebrated personal achievement and honor. The Christian life, therefore, is marked by a departure from self-serving motives.

but for Him who died for them
Here, the focus is redirected to living for Christ. The Greek "ὑπὲρ" (hyper) indicates living on behalf of or for the sake of another. This reflects a life of gratitude and devotion, acknowledging the profound sacrifice Christ made. The historical context of early Christians, who often faced persecution, underscores the depth of commitment required to live for Christ rather than for personal gain or safety.

and was raised again
The resurrection is central to Christian faith, as it validates Jesus' divinity and the efficacy of His sacrifice. The Greek "ἐγερθέντα" (egerthenta) means "raised," signifying not just a return to life but a victorious, glorified state. This historical event is the cornerstone of Christian hope, promising believers not only forgiveness but also eternal life. The resurrection assures Christians that their faith is not in vain and that their lives have eternal significance.

So from now on
This phrase marks a pivotal transition in the Apostle Paul's thought process and ministry. The Greek word used here, "ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν" (apo tou nyn), signifies a decisive change in perspective. Historically, this reflects Paul's transformation after his encounter with Christ on the road to Damascus. It underscores the moment of conversion and the ongoing renewal of the mind that believers experience. This phrase invites Christians to embrace a new way of seeing the world, one that is informed by spiritual realities rather than earthly appearances.

we regard no one
The Greek verb "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen) means "to know" or "to perceive." In this context, it implies a deep, discerning understanding. Paul is urging believers to adopt a spiritual lens when evaluating others, moving beyond superficial judgments. This aligns with the broader biblical teaching that emphasizes the heart over outward appearances, as seen in 1 Samuel 16:7. It challenges Christians to see others as God sees them, with inherent worth and potential for redemption.

according to the flesh
The term "σάρκα" (sarka) refers to the human, earthly nature, often associated with sin and mortality. In the historical context of Paul's writings, "the flesh" represents the old way of life, bound by worldly values and limitations. By rejecting this perspective, Paul calls believers to transcend the physical and embrace a spiritual worldview. This shift is foundational to Christian identity, emphasizing the transformative power of the Holy Spirit in renewing our minds and relationships.

Although we once regarded Christ in this way
Paul acknowledges his past misconceptions about Christ, which were based on a limited, earthly understanding. The Greek word "ἐγνώκαμεν" (egnōkamen) suggests a past knowledge that has since been corrected. This admission is significant, as it reflects Paul's personal journey from a persecutor of Christians to a devoted apostle. It serves as a reminder that even our understanding of Christ can grow and deepen over time, as we move from seeing Him merely as a historical figure to recognizing Him as the risen Lord.

we do so no longer
This phrase, "οὐκέτι" (ouketi), meaning "no longer," signifies a complete and permanent change. It highlights the transformative impact of encountering the risen Christ, which redefines all previous perceptions. For Paul, and for all believers, this means living in the reality of the new creation, where Christ is known not by worldly standards but by His divine nature and redemptive work. This transformation is central to the Christian faith, calling us to continually renew our minds and align our lives with the truth of the Gospel.

Therefore
The word "therefore" serves as a pivotal connector, linking the preceding thoughts to the profound truth that follows. In the context of 2 Corinthians, Paul has been discussing the ministry of reconciliation and the transformative power of Christ's love. The Greek word "ὥστε" (hōste) implies a conclusion drawn from previous statements, emphasizing that what follows is a direct result of what has been previously established. This word invites the reader to reflect on the preceding verses, understanding that the new creation is a consequence of the reconciliation and redemption offered through Christ.

if anyone is in Christ
The phrase "in Christ" is central to Pauline theology, denoting a profound spiritual union with Jesus. The Greek preposition "ἐν" (en) suggests being within or inside, indicating an intimate relationship. To be "in Christ" means to be enveloped by His presence, to live under His lordship, and to partake in His life. Historically, this concept was revolutionary, as it transcended ethnic, social, and cultural boundaries, offering a new identity to all believers. It signifies a shift from the old self to a new existence defined by Christ's righteousness and grace.

he is a new creation
The term "new creation" (Greek: "καινὴ κτίσις," kainē ktisis) speaks to the radical transformation that occurs in a believer's life. "Kainē" implies something fresh, unprecedented, and qualitatively different, while "ktisis" refers to creation or creature. This transformation is not merely a moral or ethical change but a complete renewal of one's nature. The historical context of Corinth, a city known for its moral decay, highlights the power of the Gospel to bring about genuine change. This new creation is a work of God, signifying the believer's rebirth and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit.

The old has passed away
The phrase "the old has passed away" indicates the departure of the former way of life. The Greek word "παρήλθεν" (parēlthen) suggests something that has come to an end or has been rendered obsolete. This encompasses the old self, characterized by sin, guilt, and separation from God. In a historical sense, this reflects the transition from the old covenant, based on the law, to the new covenant of grace through faith in Christ. The believer's past, with its failures and sins, is no longer the defining factor of their identity.

behold, the new has come!
The word "behold" (Greek: "ἰδοὺ," idou) is an imperative, calling attention to the remarkable reality of the new creation. It is an invitation to witness and marvel at the transformative work of God. "The new has come" (Greek: "γέγονεν," gegonen) indicates a completed action with ongoing effects. This newness is not just a future hope but a present reality for those in Christ. It encompasses a new heart, new desires, and a new purpose aligned with God's will. The historical and scriptural context underscores the fulfillment of God's promises to renew and restore His people, as seen throughout the prophetic writings of the Old Testament. This new creation is a testament to God's faithfulness and the power of the Gospel to bring about true and lasting change.

All this is from God
This phrase emphasizes the divine origin of the reconciliation process. The Greek word for "God" here is "Theos," which signifies the supreme deity, the Creator of all things. In the context of 2 Corinthians, Paul is reminding the believers that the transformation and new creation they experience are not of human origin but are initiated and completed by God Himself. This underscores the sovereignty and grace of God in the salvation process, highlighting that it is not by human effort but by divine intervention that reconciliation is possible.

who reconciled us to Himself
The term "reconciled" comes from the Greek word "katallassō," which means to change or exchange, particularly in the context of restoring a relationship. Historically, reconciliation was a term used in diplomacy and personal relationships to describe the resolution of conflict. In the biblical context, it refers to the restoration of the broken relationship between humanity and God due to sin. This reconciliation is not merely a truce but a complete restoration of fellowship and peace with God, initiated by His love and grace.

through Christ
The phrase "through Christ" is central to understanding the means by which reconciliation is achieved. The Greek preposition "dia" (through) indicates the channel or instrumentality. Christ is the mediator, the bridge between God and humanity. His sacrificial death and resurrection are the means by which reconciliation is accomplished. This highlights the exclusivity of Christ as the only way to the Father, as affirmed in John 14:6. The historical context of Christ's life, death, and resurrection is the foundation of Christian faith, emphasizing that reconciliation is not possible apart from Him.

and gave us the ministry of reconciliation
The word "gave" is derived from the Greek "didōmi," meaning to bestow or grant. This indicates that the ministry of reconciliation is a gift and responsibility entrusted to believers. The "ministry" (Greek: "diakonia") refers to service or work, particularly in the context of spreading the Gospel. The historical context of the early church shows that this ministry was central to the apostolic mission. Believers are called to be ambassadors of Christ, sharing the message of reconciliation with the world. This phrase inspires Christians to actively participate in God's redemptive work, emphasizing the privilege and duty to share the Gospel and work towards peace and unity in the body of Christ.

that God
The phrase "that God" introduces the divine initiative in the process of reconciliation. In the Greek, "Theos" (Θεός) is used, emphasizing the supreme deity, the Creator, and Sustainer of all. This highlights the sovereignty and grace of God, who takes the first step in mending the broken relationship between Himself and humanity. Historically, this reflects the monotheistic belief central to Jewish and Christian faiths, contrasting with the polytheistic cultures surrounding early Christians.

was reconciling
The Greek word "katallassō" (καταλλάσσω) is used here, meaning to change or exchange, especially in the context of restoring a relationship. This term implies a complete transformation, not just a superficial change. The historical context of reconciliation in the ancient world often involved resolving disputes between warring parties, which underscores the depth of peace God offers through Christ.

the world
In Greek, "kosmos" (κόσμος) refers to the entire created order, emphasizing the universal scope of God's reconciling work. This is not limited to a specific group but extends to all of creation. Theologically, this reflects the inclusivity of the Gospel message, breaking down barriers between Jew and Gentile, slave and free, male and female.

to Himself
This phrase indicates the direction of reconciliation—towards God. The relationship is restored not just to a neutral state but to a personal, intimate connection with the Creator. The preposition "pros" (πρός) in Greek suggests movement towards, indicating God's desire for closeness with humanity.

in Christ
The Greek "en Christō" (ἐν Χριστῷ) signifies the means by which reconciliation is accomplished. Christ is the mediator, the bridge between God and humanity. This reflects the core Christian belief in the necessity of Christ's incarnation, death, and resurrection as the foundation for reconciliation.

not counting men’s trespasses against them
The Greek word "logizomai" (λογίζομαι) means to reckon or consider. Here, it signifies God's decision not to hold humanity's sins against them. This is a legal term, suggesting a divine pardon or acquittal. Historically, this reflects the sacrificial system of the Old Testament, where sins were atoned for, but now fulfilled and surpassed in Christ.

And He has committed to us
The Greek "tithēmi" (τίθημι) means to place or set. God entrusts believers with a sacred responsibility. This reflects the early Christian understanding of being stewards of the Gospel, tasked with spreading the message of reconciliation.

the message of reconciliation
The Greek "logos" (λόγος) for "message" indicates a word, speech, or doctrine. This is the Gospel, the good news of peace with God through Christ. Historically, this message was revolutionary, offering hope and transformation in a world marked by division and strife. Theologically, it underscores the mission of the Church to be ambassadors of Christ, proclaiming His peace to all nations.

Therefore
This word serves as a conclusion or a result of the preceding discussion. In the context of 2 Corinthians 5, Paul has been discussing the transformation that occurs in believers through Christ. The Greek word "oun" indicates a logical connection, emphasizing that the role of being an ambassador is a direct consequence of the new creation in Christ. It reminds us that our actions and roles are deeply rooted in the transformative power of the Gospel.

we are ambassadors
The term "ambassadors" comes from the Greek "presbeuomen," which refers to someone who acts as a representative or envoy. In the Roman world, ambassadors were highly respected and carried the authority of the one who sent them. As Christians, this highlights our responsibility to represent Christ with integrity and faithfulness, carrying His message to the world with the authority given by Him.

for Christ
This phrase underscores the purpose and focus of our ambassadorship. We represent Christ, not ourselves or any earthly authority. The preposition "for" (Greek "hyper") indicates acting on behalf of or in the interest of Christ. This calls us to align our lives and message with His teachings and mission, emphasizing the centrality of Christ in our witness.

as though God were making His appeal through us
This powerful phrase suggests that God Himself is speaking through believers. The Greek word "parakalountos" (making His appeal) conveys a sense of earnest pleading or exhortation. It is a humbling reminder that God chooses to use us as His instruments to reach others, and it emphasizes the divine partnership in the ministry of reconciliation.

We implore you
The verb "implore" (Greek "deometha") conveys a sense of urgent pleading or begging. Paul’s use of this word reflects the seriousness and passion with which he communicates the message of reconciliation. It is a call to action, urging the Corinthians to respond to the Gospel with sincerity and commitment.

on behalf of Christ
This phrase reiterates the authority and motivation behind the appeal. Acting "on behalf of" (Greek "hyper") Christ means that our message and mission are not self-derived but are rooted in Christ’s authority and purpose. It is a reminder of the sacred trust and responsibility we hold as His representatives.

Be reconciled to God
The call to "be reconciled" (Greek "katallagete") is an invitation to restore a broken relationship. In the biblical context, reconciliation involves the removal of enmity and the restoration of peace between humanity and God. This phrase encapsulates the heart of the Gospel message, emphasizing the need for individuals to accept God’s offer of peace through Christ’s sacrificial work.

God made Him
This phrase emphasizes the divine initiative and sovereignty in the plan of salvation. The Greek word for "made" is "ἐποίησεν" (epoiesen), which implies a deliberate and purposeful action by God. It underscores the fact that the work of salvation is not a human endeavor but a divine orchestration. Historically, this reflects the consistent biblical theme of God as the author and finisher of faith, who intervenes in human history to accomplish His redemptive purposes.

who knew no sin
The phrase highlights the sinlessness of Christ, a foundational truth in Christian theology. The Greek word "γνόντα" (gnonta) means "having known," and in this context, it signifies that Jesus was completely without sin. This is crucial because only a sinless sacrifice could atone for the sins of humanity. The sinlessness of Christ is attested throughout Scripture, affirming His unique qualification to be the perfect Lamb of God.

to be sin
This phrase is profound and mysterious, indicating that Christ was made to be sin, though He Himself was sinless. The Greek word "ἁμαρτίαν" (hamartian) is used here, which typically means "sin." Theologically, this does not mean that Christ became sinful, but rather that He took upon Himself the penalty and burden of sin. This substitutionary atonement is central to the gospel message, where Christ bears the sins of the world.

on our behalf
The phrase "on our behalf" underscores the vicarious nature of Christ's sacrifice. The Greek "ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν" (hyper hēmōn) indicates substitution and representation. Historically, this reflects the Old Testament sacrificial system, where a lamb was offered on behalf of the people. Christ's sacrifice is the ultimate fulfillment of this system, offering Himself for the redemption of humanity.

so that in Him
This phrase points to the union believers have with Christ. The Greek "ἐν αὐτῷ" (en autō) signifies being "in Him," which is a recurring theme in Pauline theology. It speaks of the intimate relationship and identification believers have with Christ, through which they receive the benefits of His redemptive work. This union is both mystical and real, transforming the believer's identity and standing before God.

we might become
The phrase "we might become" indicates a transformation and a new identity. The Greek "γενώμεθα" (genōmetha) suggests a change of state or condition. This transformation is not merely moral or ethical but is a fundamental change in the believer's nature and status before God. It is a work of grace, where believers are made new creations in Christ.

the righteousness of God
This final phrase encapsulates the result of Christ's atoning work. The Greek "δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ" (dikaiosynē theou) refers to the righteousness that comes from God. It is not a human righteousness but a divine one, imputed to believers through faith in Christ. This righteousness is both a legal standing before God and a transformative reality in the believer's life, enabling them to live in a way that reflects God's character and holiness. Historically, this concept is rooted in the covenantal promises of God, fulfilled in Christ, and applied to believers by the Holy Spirit.