Romans 1:14
New International Version
I am obligated both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to the wise and the foolish.

New Living Translation
For I have a great sense of obligation to people in both the civilized world and the rest of the world, to the educated and uneducated alike.

English Standard Version
I am under obligation both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

Berean Standard Bible
I am obligated both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to the wise and the foolish.

Berean Literal Bible
I am a debtor both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and the foolish.

King James Bible
I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise.

New King James Version
I am a debtor both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to wise and to unwise.

New American Standard Bible
I am under obligation both to Greeks and to the uncultured, both to the wise and to the foolish.

NASB 1995
I am under obligation both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

NASB 1977
I am under obligation both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

Legacy Standard Bible
I am under obligation both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

Amplified Bible
I have a duty to perform and a debt to pay both to Greeks and to barbarians [the cultured and the uncultured], both to the wise and to the foolish.

Christian Standard Bible
I am obligated both to Greeks and barbarians, both to the wise and the foolish.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I am obligated both to Greeks and barbarians, both to the wise and the foolish.

American Standard Version
I am debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

English Revised Version
I am debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I have an obligation to those who are civilized and those who aren't, to those who are wise and those who aren't.

Good News Translation
For I have an obligation to all peoples, to the civilized and to the savage, to the educated and to the ignorant.

International Standard Version
Both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to wise and to foolish people, I am a debtor.

Majority Standard Bible
I am obligated both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to the wise and the foolish.

NET Bible
I am a debtor both to the Greeks and to the barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

New Heart English Bible
I have an obligation both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

Webster's Bible Translation
I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the barbarians, both to the wise, and to the unwise.

Weymouth New Testament
I am already under obligations alike to Greek-speaking races and to others, to cultured and to uncultured people:

World English Bible
I am debtor both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to the wise and to the foolish.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to wise and to thoughtless, I am a debtor,

Berean Literal Bible
I am a debtor both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and the foolish.

Young's Literal Translation
Both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to wise and to thoughtless, I am a debtor,

Smith's Literal Translation
Both to Greeks, and foreigners; both to wise and unwise, I am debtor.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
To the Greeks and to the barbarians, to the wise and to the unwise, I am a debtor;

Catholic Public Domain Version
To the Greeks and to the uncivilized, to the wise and to the foolish, I am in debt.

New American Bible
To Greeks and non-Greeks alike, to the wise and the ignorant, I am under obligation;

New Revised Standard Version
I am a debtor both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Greeks and Barbarians, the wise and the unwise; for it is my duty to preach to everybody.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Greeks and Barbarians, wise and ignorant, for I owe a debt to preach to every person.
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
I am a debtor both to the Greeks and to the barbarians; both to the wise and to the unwise.

Godbey New Testament
I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the barbarians; both to the wise, and the unwise:

Haweis New Testament
Both to the Greeks and barbarians, both to the wise and the ignorant am I a debtor.

Mace New Testament
I owe what service I can do to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians, to the learned, and to the illiterate.

Weymouth New Testament
I am already under obligations alike to Greek-speaking races and to others, to cultured and to uncultured people:

Worrell New Testament
I am debtor both to the Greeks and to the Barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish;

Worsley New Testament
For I am a debtor both to Greeks and barbarians, both to the learned and the unlearned:

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Paul's Desire to Visit Rome
13I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, how often I planned to come to you (but have been prevented from visiting until now), in order that I might have a harvest among you, just as I have had among the other Gentiles. 14I am obligated both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to the wise and the foolish. 15That is why I am so eager to preach the gospel also to you who are in Rome.…

Cross References
1 Corinthians 9:16-17
Yet when I preach the gospel, I have no reason to boast, because I am obligated to preach. Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel! / If my preaching is voluntary, I have a reward. But if it is not voluntary, I am still entrusted with a responsibility.

Acts 9:15
“Go!” said the Lord. “This man is My chosen instrument to carry My name before the Gentiles and their kings, and before the people of Israel.

1 Corinthians 1:22-24
Jews demand signs and Greeks search for wisdom, / but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, / but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God.

Galatians 2:7-8
On the contrary, they saw that I had been entrusted to preach the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised. / For the One who was at work in Peter’s apostleship to the circumcised was also at work in my apostleship to the Gentiles.

Acts 13:46-47
Then Paul and Barnabas answered them boldly: “It was necessary to speak the word of God to you first. But since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life, we now turn to the Gentiles. / For this is what the Lord has commanded us: ‘I have made you a light for the Gentiles, to bring salvation to the ends of the earth.’”

1 Corinthians 9:19-22
Though I am free of obligation to anyone, I make myself a slave to everyone, to win as many as possible. / To the Jews I became like a Jew, to win the Jews. To those under the law I became like one under the law (though I myself am not under the law), to win those under the law. / To those without the law I became like one without the law (though I am not outside the law of God but am under the law of Christ), to win those without the law. ...

Matthew 28:19-20
Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, / and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, even to the end of the age.”

Acts 22:21
Then He said to me, ‘Go! I will send you far away to the Gentiles.’”

2 Corinthians 5:14-15
For Christ’s love compels us, because we are convinced that One died for all, therefore all died. / And He died for all, that those who live should no longer live for themselves, but for Him who died for them and was raised again.

Colossians 1:28-29
We proclaim Him, admonishing and teaching everyone with all wisdom, so that we may present everyone perfect in Christ. / To this end I also labor, striving with all His energy working powerfully within me.

1 Timothy 2:7
For this reason I was appointed as a preacher, an apostle, and a faithful and true teacher of the Gentiles. I am telling the truth; I am not lying about anything.

Acts 26:16-18
‘But get up and stand on your feet. For I have appeared to you to appoint you as a servant and as a witness of what you have seen from Me and what I will show you. / I will rescue you from your own people and from the Gentiles. I am sending you to them / to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those sanctified by faith in Me.’

Ephesians 3:8
Though I am less than the least of all the saints, this grace was given me: to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ,

Isaiah 49:6
He says: “It is not enough for You to be My Servant, to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the protected ones of Israel. I will also make You a light for the nations, to bring My salvation to the ends of the earth.”

Jeremiah 1:5
“Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I set you apart and appointed you as a prophet to the nations.”


Treasury of Scripture

I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise.

debtor.

Romans 8:12
Therefore, brethren, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live after the flesh.

Romans 13:8
Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law.

Acts 9:15
But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel:

Greeks.

Acts 28:4
And when the barbarians saw the venomous beast hang on his hand, they said among themselves, No doubt this man is a murderer, whom, though he hath escaped the sea, yet vengeance suffereth not to live.

1 Corinthians 14:11
Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him that speaketh a barbarian, and he that speaketh shall be a barbarian unto me.

Colossians 3:11
Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all.

both to.

Romans 1:22
Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

Romans 11:25
For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.

Romans 12:16
Be of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits.

to the unwise.

Proverbs 1:22
How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge?

Proverbs 8:5
O ye simple, understand wisdom: and, ye fools, be ye of an understanding heart.

Isaiah 35:8
And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called The way of holiness; the unclean shall not pass over it; but it shall be for those: the wayfaring men, though fools, shall not err therein.

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Alike Already Barbarians Debt Debtor Foolish Foreigners Greeks Greek-Speaking Learning Nations Obligated Obligation Obligations Others Outside Races Thoughtless Unwise Wise
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Romans 1
1. Paul commends his calling to the Romans;
9. and his desire to come to them.
16. What his gospel is.
18. God is angry with sin.
21. What were the sins of mankind.














I am obligated
The phrase "I am obligated" comes from the Greek word "opheiletēs," which means a debtor or someone who owes something. In the context of Paul's ministry, this obligation is not financial but spiritual. Paul feels a deep sense of duty to share the Gospel, recognizing that he has been entrusted with a message of salvation that is meant for all people. This sense of obligation is rooted in his understanding of the grace he has received through Christ, compelling him to extend that grace to others.

both to Greeks and non-Greeks
The term "Greeks" refers to those who were part of the Hellenistic culture, which was dominant in the Mediterranean world at the time. "Non-Greeks," or "barbarians" as some translations put it, refers to those outside of this cultural sphere. This distinction highlights the universal scope of the Gospel. Paul is emphasizing that the message of Christ transcends cultural and ethnic boundaries. Historically, the Greeks were known for their philosophy and learning, while non-Greeks were often viewed as uncultured. By stating his obligation to both, Paul underscores the inclusivity of the Gospel, which is meant for every nation and people group.

both to the wise and the foolish
The "wise" in this context likely refers to those who are educated or learned, possibly echoing the Greek philosophers and scholars. The "foolish" would then be those who are uneducated or simple in worldly terms. This dichotomy further illustrates the reach of the Gospel message. Paul is asserting that the wisdom of God, as revealed in the Gospel, is accessible to all, regardless of their intellectual status. This is consistent with the biblical theme that God's wisdom often confounds human wisdom (1 Corinthians 1:27). The Gospel is not an exclusive message for the intellectual elite but is available to every person, regardless of their level of understanding.

(14, 15) Why is the Apostle so eager to come to them? Because an obligation, a duty, is laid upon him. (Comp. 1Corinthians 9:16, "necessity is laid upon me.") He must preach the gospel to men of all classes and tongues; Rome itself is no exception.

(14) To the Greeks, and to the Barbarians.--The Apostle does not intend to place the Romans any more in the one class than in the other. He merely means "to all mankind, no matter what their nationality or culture." The classification is exhaustive. It must be remembered that the Greeks called all who did not speak their own language "Barbarians," and the Apostle, writing from. Greece, adopts their point of view.

Wise and foolish.--(Comp. 1Corinthians 1:20; 1Corinthians 1:26-28.) The gospel was at first most readily received by the poor and unlearned, but it did not therefore follow that culture and education were by any means excluded. St. Paul himself was a conspicuous instance to the contrary. And so, in the next century, the Church which began with such leaders as Ignatius and Polycarp, could number among its members before the century was out, Irenaeus, and Tertullian, and Clement of Alexandria, and Hippolytus, and Origen--the last, the most learned man of his time.

Verses 14, 15. - Both to Greeks and Barbarians, both to wise and unwise, I am debtor. So, as much as is in me, to you also that are at Rome, I am ready to preach the gospel. The two divisions of mankind into

(1) Ἔλληνες καὶ Βάρβαροι,

(2) σοφοὶ καὶ ἀνοήτοι, are intended to include all, independently of nationality and culture, regarded from a Greek or Roman point of view. The Greeks, as is well known, called all others than themselves Βάρβαροι, so that Ἕλληνεσ καὶ Βάρβαροι included the whole world. Here the Romans are intended to be included among Ἕλληνες, being partakers in Hellenic culture, and in fact at that time its prominent representatives (el. "Non solum Graecia et Italia, sod etiam omnis barbaria," Cicero, 'De Fin.,' 2:15). Of course, σοφοὶ also includes them. The obvious intention of the writer is to place them in each of the higher categories, and so, while after his manner he pays his expected readers a delicate compliment, to insist that his mission is to the highest in position and culture as well as the lowest, cud that, bold in his convictions, he is not ashamed to preach the cross even to them. "Audax facinus ad crucem vocare terrarum Dominos" (Alex. More. quoted by Olshausen).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
I am
εἰμί (eimi)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular
Strong's 1510: I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.

obligated
ὀφειλέτης (opheiletēs)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3781: From opheilo; an ower, i.e. Person indebted; figuratively, a delinquent; morally, a transgressor.

both
τε (te)
Conjunction
Strong's 5037: And, both. A primary particle of connection or addition; both or also.

to Greeks
Ἕλλησίν (Hellēsin)
Noun - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 1672: From Hellas; a Hellen or inhabitant of Hellas; by extension a Greek-speaking person, especially a non-Jew.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

non-Greeks,
Βαρβάροις (Barbarois)
Adjective - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 915: A foreigner, one who speaks neither Greek nor Latin; as adj: foreign. Of uncertain derivation; a foreigner.

both
τε (te)
Conjunction
Strong's 5037: And, both. A primary particle of connection or addition; both or also.

to [the] wise
σοφοῖς (sophois)
Adjective - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4680: Wise, learned, cultivated, skilled, clever. Akin to saphes; wise.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

[the] foolish.
ἀνοήτοις (anoētois)
Adjective - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 453: Foolish, thoughtless. By implication, sensual.


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