Psalm 2:2
New International Version
The kings of the earth rise up and the rulers band together against the LORD and against his anointed, saying,

New Living Translation
The kings of the earth prepare for battle; the rulers plot together against the LORD and against his anointed one.

English Standard Version
The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and against his Anointed, saying,

Berean Standard Bible
The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together, against the LORD and against His Anointed One:

King James Bible
The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying,

New King James Version
The kings of the earth set themselves, And the rulers take counsel together, Against the LORD and against His Anointed, saying,

New American Standard Bible
The kings of the earth take their stand And the rulers conspire together Against the LORD and against His Anointed, saying,

NASB 1995
The kings of the earth take their stand And the rulers take counsel together Against the LORD and against His Anointed, saying,

NASB 1977
The kings of the earth take their stand, And the rulers take counsel together Against the LORD and against His Anointed:

Legacy Standard Bible
The kings of the earth take their stand And the rulers take counsel together Against Yahweh and against His Anointed, saying,

Amplified Bible
The kings of the earth take their stand; And the rulers take counsel together Against the LORD and His Anointed (the Davidic King, the Messiah, the Christ), saying,

Christian Standard Bible
The kings of the earth take their stand, and the rulers conspire together against the LORD and his Anointed One:

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The kings of the earth take their stand, and the rulers conspire together against the LORD and His Anointed One:”

American Standard Version
The kings of the earth set themselves, And the rulers take counsel together, Against Jehovah, and against his anointed, saying,

Contemporary English Version
The kings of this earth have all joined together to turn against the LORD and his chosen king.

English Revised Version
The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying,

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Kings take their stands. Rulers make plans together against the LORD and against his Messiah by saying,

Good News Translation
Their kings revolt, their rulers plot together against the LORD and against the king he chose.

International Standard Version
As the kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers conspire together against the LORD and his anointed one, they say,

Majority Standard Bible
The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together, against the LORD and against His Anointed One:

NET Bible
The kings of the earth form a united front; the rulers collaborate against the LORD and his anointed king.

New Heart English Bible
The kings of the earth take a stand, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his Anointed:

Webster's Bible Translation
The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying,

World English Bible
The kings of the earth take a stand, and the rulers take counsel together, against Yahweh, and against his Anointed, saying,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Kings of the earth station themselves, and princes have been united together, against YHWH, and against His Messiah:

Young's Literal Translation
Station themselves do kings of the earth, And princes have been united together, Against Jehovah, and against His Messiah:

Smith's Literal Translation
The kings of the earth will place themselves, and the princes sat down together against Jehovah and against his Messiah.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The kings of the earth stood up, and the princes met together, against the Lord and against his Christ.

Catholic Public Domain Version
The kings of the earth have stood up, and the leaders have joined together as one, against the Lord and against his Christ:

New American Bible
Kings on earth rise up and princes plot together against the LORD and against his anointed one:

New Revised Standard Version
The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and his anointed, saying,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
The kings of the earth and the rulers have conspired and have taken counsel together against the LORD and against his anointed, saying,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
The kings and rulers of the Earth stood up and counseled together against LORD JEHOVAH and against his Messiah:
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
The kings of the earth stand up, And the rulers take counsel together, Against the LORD, and against His anointed:

Brenton Septuagint Translation
The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers gathered themselves together, against the Lord, and against his Christ;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Triumphant Messiah
1Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? 2The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together, against the LORD and against His Anointed One: 3“Let us break Their chains and cast away Their cords.”…

Cross References
Acts 4:25-26
You spoke by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of Your servant, our father David: ‘Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? / The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together against the Lord and against His Anointed One.’

Revelation 19:19
Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth with their armies assembled to wage war against the One seated on the horse, and against His army.

Acts 13:33
He has fulfilled for us, their children, by raising up Jesus. As it is written in the second Psalm: ‘You are My Son; today I have become Your Father.’

Matthew 27:1
When morning came, all the chief priests and elders of the people conspired against Jesus to put Him to death.

John 19:12-15
From then on, Pilate tried to release Him, but the Jews kept shouting, “If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar. Anyone who declares himself a king is defying Caesar.” / When Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat on the judgment seat at a place called the Stone Pavement, which in Hebrew is Gabbatha. / It was the day of Preparation for the Passover, about the sixth hour. And Pilate said to the Jews, “Here is your King!” ...

Luke 23:11
And even Herod and his soldiers ridiculed and mocked Him. Dressing Him in a fine robe, they sent Him back to Pilate.

Mark 15:1
Early in the morning, the chief priests, elders, scribes, and the whole Sanhedrin devised a plan. They bound Jesus, led Him away, and handed Him over to Pilate.

John 18:28-32
Then they led Jesus away from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. By now it was early morning, and the Jews did not enter the Praetorium, to avoid being defiled and unable to eat the Passover. / So Pilate went out to them and asked, “What accusation are you bringing against this man?” / “If He were not a criminal,” they replied, “we would not have handed Him over to you.” ...

Matthew 2:16
When Herod saw that he had been outwitted by the Magi, he was filled with rage. Sending orders, he put to death all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old and under, according to the time he had learned from the Magi.

Acts 17:7
and Jason has welcomed them into his home. They are all defying Caesar’s decrees, saying that there is another king, named Jesus!”

Isaiah 7:6
‘Let us invade Judah, terrorize it, and divide it among ourselves. Then we can install the son of Tabeal over it as king.’

Daniel 7:25
He will speak out against the Most High and oppress the saints of the Most High, intending to change the appointed times and laws; and the saints will be given into his hand for a time, and times, and half a time.

Isaiah 8:9-10
Huddle together, O peoples, and be shattered; pay attention, all you distant lands; prepare for battle, and be shattered; prepare for battle, and be shattered! / Devise a plan, but it will be thwarted; state a proposal, but it will not happen. For God is with us.”

Jeremiah 11:19
For I was like a gentle lamb led to slaughter; I did not know that they had plotted against me: “Let us destroy the tree with its fruit; let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be remembered no more.”

Ezekiel 11:2
And the LORD said to me, “Son of man, these are the men who plot evil and give wicked counsel in this city.


Treasury of Scripture

The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying,

kings

Psalm 2:10
Be wise now therefore, O ye kings: be instructed, ye judges of the earth.

Psalm 48:4
For, lo, the kings were assembled, they passed by together.

Psalm 110:5
The Lord at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the day of his wrath.

rulers

Matthew 26:3,59
Then assembled together the chief priests, and the scribes, and the elders of the people, unto the palace of the high priest, who was called Caiaphas, …

Matthew 27:1
When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death:

Acts 4:5-8
And it came to pass on the morrow, that their rulers, and elders, and scribes, …

Lord

Exodus 16:7
And in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of the LORD; for that he heareth your murmurings against the LORD: and what are we, that ye murmur against us?

Proverbs 21:30
There is no wisdom nor understanding nor counsel against the LORD.

John 15:23
He that hateth me hateth my Father also.

anointed

Psalm 45:7
Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.

Psalm 89:20
I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him:

Isaiah 61:1
The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound;

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Anointed Counsel Earth Fixed Gather Kings Messiah Princes Purpose Rulers Selection Stand Station Themselves Together United
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Anointed Counsel Earth Fixed Gather Kings Messiah Princes Purpose Rulers Selection Stand Station Themselves Together United
Psalm 2
1. The kingdom of Christ
10. Kings are exhorted to accept it














The kings of the earth
This phrase refers to the earthly rulers and leaders who hold power and authority over nations. In the Hebrew text, the word for "kings" is "מַלְכֵי" (malkhei), which denotes those who have dominion and governance. Historically, kings were seen as the ultimate human authority, often believed to be divinely appointed. In the context of Psalm 2, these kings represent the secular powers that stand in opposition to God's divine rule. The phrase underscores the futility of earthly power when it is set against the sovereignty of God.

take their stand
The Hebrew word "יִתְיַצָּבוּ" (yityatzvu) is used here, meaning to position oneself or to stand firm. This conveys a sense of deliberate opposition and defiance. The imagery is of rulers who are not merely passive in their resistance but are actively positioning themselves against God's anointed. This act of taking a stand is symbolic of rebellion and highlights the tension between human authority and divine will.

and the rulers
The term "רֹזְנִים" (roz'nim) refers to those who hold significant power and influence, often used interchangeably with princes or governors. These are individuals who, alongside kings, wield authority and are complicit in the collective rebellion against God. The inclusion of both kings and rulers emphasizes the widespread nature of this opposition, suggesting a united front of worldly powers against divine authority.

gather together
The Hebrew word "נֽוֹסְדוּ" (nos'du) implies a coming together or assembling with a purpose. This gathering is not accidental but intentional, indicating a conspiracy or alliance. Historically, such gatherings were often for strategic planning or warfare. In the context of Psalm 2, it suggests a concerted effort by the world's powers to challenge God's plan, highlighting the unity of opposition against the divine.

against the LORD
The use of "לַיהוָה" (laYHWH) here is significant, as it directly names the God of Israel, the covenant-keeping God. This is not a generic rebellion against a deity but a specific defiance against the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. The phrase underscores the audacity and futility of opposing the One who is sovereign over all creation. It serves as a reminder of the ultimate authority and power of God, against whom no earthly power can prevail.

and against His Anointed One
The term "מְשִׁיחוֹ" (meshicho) refers to the "Anointed One," which in Hebrew tradition is the Messiah. This is a prophetic reference to Jesus Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of God's promise of a Savior. The anointing signifies being chosen and empowered by God for a specific purpose. In the historical context, kings and priests were anointed as a sign of their divine appointment. Here, the opposition is not only against God but also against His chosen Messiah, highlighting the spiritual battle between the forces of darkness and the light of Christ. This phrase serves as a powerful reminder of the centrality of Christ in God's redemptive plan and the ultimate victory of His kingdom.

(2) Set themselves--i.e., with hostile intent, as in Jeremiah 46:4, where the same word is used of warriors: "Stand forth with your helmets."

Rulers.--Properly, grave dignitaries.

Take counsel.--Better, have taken their pians, and are now mustering to carry them into effect. Notice the change of tense: in the first clause, the poet sees, as it were, the array; in the second, he goes back to its origin.

Against the Lord.--Notice the majestic simplicity of this line. The word Messiah is applicable in its first sense to any one anointed for a holy office or with holy oil (Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:5; Leviticus 4:16). Its distinctive reference to an expected prince of the chosen people, who was to redeem them from their enemies, and fulfil completely all the Divine promises for them, probably dates from this psalm, or more distinctly from this psalm than from any one passage. At least, that the traditional Jewish interpretation had fastened upon it as of this importance is shown by the frequent and emphatic quotation of this psalm in the New Testament. (See New Testament use of these verses in Acts 4:25, and Note in New Testament Commentary.) . . .

Verse 2. - The kings of the earth set themselves; or, draw themselves up in array (comp. Jeremiah 46:4). Such kings as Herod the Great, Herod Agrippa, Nero, Galerius, Diocletian, Julian the Apostate, etc. There is always a warfare between the world and the Church, in which kings are apt to take a part, most often on the worldly side. And the rulers take counsel together. "Rulers" are persons having authority, but below the rank of kings Such were the ethnarchs and tetrarchs of the first century, the governors of provinces under the Roman emperor, the members of the Jewish Sanhedrin, and the like. These last frequently "took counsel against the Lord" (see Matthew 26:3 - 5; Matthew 27:1; Acts 4:5, 6; Acts 5:21-41). Against the Lord, and against his Anointed, saying. In David's time the recognized "anointed of the Lord" was the divinely appointed King of Israel (1 Samuel 2:10; 1 Samuel 12:3, 5; 1 Samuel 16:6; 1 Samuel 24:6, 10; 1 Samuel 26:7, 16; 2 Samuel 1:14, 16: 19:21; 22:51; Psalm 17:50; 20:6; 28:8) - first Saul, and then David; but David here seems to designate by the term a Greater than himself - the true theocratic King, whom he typified.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The kings
מַלְכֵי־ (mal·ḵê-)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 4428: A king

of the earth
אֶ֗רֶץ (’e·reṣ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land

take their stand
יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ ׀ (yiṯ·yaṣ·ṣə·ḇū)
Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 3320: To set or station oneself, take one's stand

and the rulers
וְרוֹזְנִ֥ים (wə·rō·wz·nîm)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7336: To be weighty, judicious or commanding

gather
נֽוֹסְדוּ־ (nō·ws·ḏū-)
Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3245: To set, to found, to sit down together, settle, consult

together,
יָ֑חַד (yā·ḥaḏ)
Adverb
Strong's 3162: A unit, unitedly

against
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the LORD
יְ֝הוָה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

and against
וְעַל־ (wə·‘al-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

His Anointed One:
מְשִׁיחֽוֹ׃ (mə·šî·ḥōw)
Adjective - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 4899: Anointed, a consecrated person, the Messiah


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OT Poetry: Psalm 2:2 The kings of the earth take (Psalm Ps Psa.)
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