Ezekiel 44:31
New International Version
The priests must not eat anything, whether bird or animal, found dead or torn by wild animals.

New Living Translation
The priests may not eat meat from any bird or animal that dies a natural death or that dies after being attacked by another animal.

English Standard Version
The priests shall not eat of anything, whether bird or beast, that has died of itself or is torn by wild animals.

Berean Standard Bible
The priests may not eat any bird or animal found dead or torn by wild beasts.

King James Bible
The priests shall not eat of any thing that is dead of itself, or torn, whether it be fowl or beast.

New King James Version
The priests shall not eat anything, bird or beast, that died naturally or was torn by wild beasts.

New American Standard Bible
The priests shall not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or has been torn to pieces by animals.

NASB 1995
“The priests shall not eat any bird or beast that has died a natural death or has been torn to pieces.

NASB 1977
“The priests shall not eat any bird or beast that has died a natural death or has been torn to pieces.

Legacy Standard Bible
The priests shall not eat any bird or beast that has died of itself or has been torn to pieces.

Amplified Bible
The priests shall not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or has been torn to pieces.

Christian Standard Bible
The priests may not eat any bird or animal that died naturally or was mauled by wild beasts.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The priests may not eat any bird or animal that died naturally or was mauled by wild beasts.”

American Standard Version
The priests shall not eat of anything that dieth of itself, or is torn, whether it be bird or beast.

Contemporary English Version
Priests must not eat any bird or animal that dies a natural death or that has been killed by a wild animal.

English Revised Version
The priests shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself, or is torn, whether it be fowl or beast.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The priests must never eat any bird or animal that has died naturally or was killed by other wild animals.

Good News Translation
The priests must not eat any bird or animal that dies a natural death or is killed by another animal."

International Standard Version
However, the priests are not to eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or that has been torn apart."

Majority Standard Bible
The priests may not eat any bird or animal found dead or torn by wild beasts.

NET Bible
The priests will not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or was torn to pieces by a wild animal.

New Heart English Bible
The priests shall not eat of anything that dies of itself, or is torn, whether it be bird or animal.

Webster's Bible Translation
The priests shall not eat of any thing that is dead of itself, or torn, whether of fowl or beast.

World English Bible
The priests shall not eat of anything that dies of itself or is torn, whether it is bird or animal.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
The priests do not eat any carcass or torn thing, from the bird or from the beast.”

Young's Literal Translation
Any carcase and torn thing, of the fowl, and of the beasts, the priests do not eat.

Smith's Literal Translation
Every carcass or torn from bind and from cattle, the priests shall not eat.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The priests shall not eat of any thing that is dead of itself or caught by a beast, whether it be fowl or cattle.

Catholic Public Domain Version
The priests shall not consume anything which has died on its own, or which was seized by a beast, whether from the fowl or the cattle.”

New American Bible
The priests shall not eat anything, whether bird or animal, that died naturally or was killed by wild beasts.

New Revised Standard Version
The priests shall not eat of anything, whether bird or animal, that died of itself or was torn by animals.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
The priests shall not eat of anything that is dead of itself, or torn, whether it be fowl or beast.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And anything that suffers pain or is broken, of bird or of beast, the Priests shall not eat
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
The priests shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself, or is torn, whether it be fowl or beast.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And the priests shall eat no bird or beast that dies of itself, or is taken of wild beasts.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Duties of the Priests
30The best of all the firstfruits and of every contribution from all your offerings will belong to the priests. You are to give your first batch of dough to the priest, so that a blessing may rest upon your homes. 31The priests may not eat any bird or animal found dead or torn by wild beasts.

Cross References
Leviticus 22:8
He must not eat anything found dead or torn by wild animals, which would make him unclean. I am the LORD.

Leviticus 7:24
The fat of an animal found dead or mauled by wild beasts may be used for any other purpose, but you must not eat it.

Leviticus 11:39-40
If an animal that you may eat dies, anyone who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening. / Whoever eats from the carcass must wash his clothes and will be unclean until evening, and anyone who picks up the carcass must wash his clothes and will be unclean until evening.

Deuteronomy 14:21
You are not to eat any carcass; you may give it to the foreigner residing within your gates, and he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner. For you are a holy people belonging to the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.

Exodus 22:31
You are to be My holy people. You must not eat the meat of a mauled animal found in the field; you are to throw it to the dogs.

Leviticus 17:15
And any person, whether native or foreigner, who eats anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening; then he will be clean.

Leviticus 19:26
You must not eat anything with blood still in it. You must not practice divination or sorcery.

Acts 15:20
Instead, we should write and tell them to abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals, and from blood.

Acts 15:29
You must abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals, and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things. Farewell.

1 Corinthians 10:28
But if someone tells you, “This food was offered to idols,” then do not eat it, for the sake of the one who told you and for the sake of conscience—

1 Corinthians 8:7-13
But not everyone has this knowledge. Some people are still so accustomed to idols that they eat such food as if it were sacrificed to an idol. And since their conscience is weak, it is defiled. / But food does not bring us closer to God: We are no worse if we do not eat, and no better if we do. / Be careful, however, that your freedom does not become a stumbling block to the weak. ...

Romans 14:14
I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.

Romans 14:20-21
Do not destroy the work of God for the sake of food. All food is clean, but it is wrong for a man to let his eating be a stumbling block. / It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or to do anything to cause your brother to stumble.

1 Timothy 4:4-5
For every creation of God is good, and nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected, / because it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer.

Mark 7:18-19
“Are you still so dull?” He asked. “Do you not understand? Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him, / because it does not enter his heart, but it goes into the stomach and then is eliminated.” (Thus all foods are clean.)


Treasury of Scripture

The priests shall not eat of any thing that is dead of itself, or torn, whether it be fowl or beast.

Exodus 22:31
And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs.

Leviticus 17:15
And every soul that eateth that which died of itself, or that which was torn with beasts, whether it be one of your own country, or a stranger, he shall both wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even: then shall he be clean.

Leviticus 22:8
That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not eat to defile himself therewith: I am the LORD.

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Animal Animals Beast Beasts Bird Carcase Caused Dead Death Died Dies Dieth Eat Food Found Fowl Itself Natural Pieces Priests Torn Whether Wild
Ezekiel 44
1. The east gate assigned only to the prince
4. The priests reproved for polluting the sanctuary
9. Idolaters incapable of the priests office
15. The sons of Zadok are accepted thereto
17. Ordinances for the priests














The priests
This phrase refers to the Levitical priests, descendants of Aaron, who were set apart for sacred duties in the temple. In the Hebrew context, the word for priests is "kohanim," which signifies those who are consecrated to serve God and mediate between God and the people. Historically, the role of the priests was central to the spiritual life of Israel, as they were responsible for offering sacrifices, teaching the law, and maintaining the sanctity of the temple. This verse underscores the importance of maintaining purity and holiness in their service.

may not eat
The prohibition against eating certain things is a recurring theme in the Mosaic Law, emphasizing the need for ritual purity. The Hebrew verb used here, "lo yochlu," is a command that reflects the divine mandate for the priests to adhere to specific dietary restrictions. This command is not merely about physical health but is deeply symbolic of spiritual cleanliness and obedience to God's statutes.

any bird or animal
This phrase encompasses all creatures that the priests might encounter. The Hebrew words "kol tzippor" (any bird) and "kol behemah" (any animal) indicate a comprehensive prohibition. In the ancient Near Eastern context, dietary laws served to distinguish the Israelites from surrounding nations, reinforcing their identity as God's chosen people. The inclusion of both birds and animals highlights the thoroughness of the law in ensuring the priests' purity.

found dead
The term "nevelah" in Hebrew refers to an animal that has died of natural causes or has not been slaughtered according to the prescribed ritual methods. Consuming such meat would render a person ceremonially unclean. This prohibition is rooted in the broader Levitical laws found in Leviticus 11 and 17, which stress the importance of life and the sanctity of blood, symbolizing life given by God.

or torn by wild animals
The Hebrew phrase "terefah" refers to an animal that has been killed or injured by predators. Eating such meat was forbidden because it was considered impure and unfit for consumption by those who were to remain holy. This prohibition is a reminder of the need for vigilance in maintaining the standards of holiness required of those who serve in God's presence. It also reflects a broader principle of avoiding anything that might defile or corrupt one's spiritual state.

(31) Dead of itself, or torn.--Comp. Leviticus 22:8. The same law was binding upon all the Israelites. (Leviticus 17:15.) In the wilderness they were required to "cast it to the dogs" (Exodus 23:31); afterwards they might give it to a stranger or sell it to an alien. (Deuteronomy 14:21.)

Verse 31. - The commandment of the Mosaic Law is here renewed against eating the flesh of any fowl or beast that had either died a natural death or been mangled in the killing (comp. Leviticus 17:15; Leviticus 22:8) - a commandment which, while enjoined specially upon the priests (Leviticus 22:8), was equally binding upon all (Exodus 20:31; Deuteronomy 14:21).



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The priests
הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ (hak·kō·hă·nîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 3548: Priest

may not
לֹ֥א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

eat
יֹאכְל֖וּ (yō·ḵə·lū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 398: To eat

any
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

bird
הָע֖וֹף (hā·‘ō·wp̄)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5775: Flying creatures

or animal
הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה (hab·bə·hê·māh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 929: A dumb beast, any large quadruped, animal

found dead
נְבֵלָה֙ (nə·ḇê·lāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5038: A flabby thing, a carcase, carrion, an idol

or torn [by] [wild] [beasts].
וּטְרֵפָ֔ה (ū·ṭə·rê·p̄āh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 2966: Prey, flocks devoured by animals


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 44:31 The priests shall not eat of anything (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 44:30
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