Topical Bible: Vile

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Topical Encyclopedia

The term "vile" in the Bible is often used to describe actions, behaviors, or characteristics that are morally reprehensible, detestable, or abominable in the sight of God. It is associated with sinfulness, corruption, and moral degradation. The concept of vileness is significant in understanding the nature of sin and the holiness of God, as it contrasts the purity and righteousness that God desires from His people.

Old Testament Usage

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word often translated as "vile" is "נָבָל" (nabal), which can mean foolish or contemptible. This term is used to describe actions that are not only foolish but also morally corrupt. For example, in Psalm 14:1 , it is written, "The fool says in his heart, 'There is no God.' They are corrupt; their acts are vile. There is no one who does good." Here, the vileness is associated with a denial of God and a life of corruption.

Another Hebrew word, "זָמָה" (zamah), is used in contexts of lewdness or wickedness, often in relation to sexual immorality or idolatry. In Ezekiel 16:27 , God speaks of the Israelites' unfaithfulness, saying, "Behold, therefore, I stretched out My hand against you and reduced your portion. I gave you over to the greed of your enemies, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed of your lewd conduct."

New Testament Usage

In the New Testament, the Greek word "φαῦλος" (phaulos) is often translated as "vile" or "worthless." It denotes actions that are morally bad or evil. In Romans 1:26 , the Apostle Paul describes the consequences of humanity's rejection of God: "For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones." The passage goes on to describe various vile behaviors that result from turning away from God.

The concept of vileness is also evident in the description of the human heart and its capacity for evil. In Mark 7:21-23 , Jesus says, "For from within the hearts of men come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, greed, wickedness, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness. All these evils come from within, and these are what defile a man."

Theological Implications

The vileness of sin is a central theme in the Bible, highlighting the need for redemption and the transformative power of God's grace. The Bible teaches that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23), and that the wages of sin is death (Romans 6:23). However, through faith in Jesus Christ, believers are cleansed from their sins and made righteous before God.

The call to holiness is a response to the vileness of sin. Believers are urged to live lives that reflect the holiness of God, as seen in 1 Peter 1:15-16 : "But just as He who called you is holy, so be holy in all you do, for it is written: 'Be holy, because I am holy.'" This call to holiness is a rejection of all that is vile and an embrace of the righteousness that comes through Christ.

Practical Application

Understanding the concept of vileness in the Bible encourages believers to examine their own lives and to seek God's help in overcoming sin. It serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the importance of living a life that honors God. Through prayer, repentance, and the guidance of the Holy Spirit, Christians are empowered to turn away from vile behaviors and to pursue a life of holiness and righteousness.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

1. (superl.) Low; base; worthless; mean; despicable.

2. (superl.) Morally base or impure; depraved by sin; hateful; in the sight of God and men; sinful; wicked; bad.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

VILE, VILLANY

vil, vil'-an-i: The original words for "vile" and "villany" are used in about 10 different senses, e.g. despised (1 Samuel 15:9), despicable (Daniel 11:21 the King James Version), lightly esteemed (Deuteronomy 25:3), empty (Judges 19:24 the King James Version), foolish (Isaiah 32:6, the King James Version and the English Revised Version), dishonorable (Romans 1:26), filthy or dirty (James 2:2), humiliation (Philippians 3:21).

Villany occurs but twice in the King James Version (Isaiah 32:6 Jeremiah 29:23), and signifies emptiness or folly (so the Revised Version (British and American)). From the foregoing meanings it will be seen that the word "vile" does not always bear the meaning which has come to be invariably given it in our present-day speech. Anything common or ordinary or humble might, in the Scriptural sense, be termed "vile." So Job 40:4, the Revised Version (British and American) "Behold, I am of small account"; also "the low estate of his handmaid" (Luke 1:48). Ordinarily, however, the idea of contemptible, despicable, is read into the word.

William Evans

Greek

4508. rhuparos -- filthy
... vile. From rhupos; dirty, ie (relatively) cheap or shabby; morally, wicked -- vile.
see GREEK rhupos. (rupara) -- 1 Occurrence. (ruparos) -- 1 Occurrence. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4508.htm - 6k

819. atimia -- dishonor
... dishonor, reproach, shame, vile. From atimos; infamy, ie (subjectively) comparative
indignity, (objectively) disgrace -- dishonour, reproach, shame, vile. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/819.htm - 7k

5113. tolmetes -- a bold, daring man
... Cognate: 5113 -- literally, darers, very bold people who what make them afraid,
ie as they blatantly (boldly) practice their vile, disrespectful acts. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5113.htm - 6k

955. Beliar -- "lord of the forest," Beliar, a name of Satan
... 955 (transliterated from the OT 1100 , "worthless, vile, wickedness") -- Belial,
an appellation of Satan which stresses his deep-seated -- "the one who is ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/955.htm - 6k

148. aischrologia -- abusive language
... filthy communication, obscene speech. From aischros and logos; vile conversation --
filthy communication. see GREEK aischros. see GREEK logos. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/148.htm - 6k

5014. tapeinosis -- low estate, humiliation
... humiliation, low estate. From tapeinoo; depression (in rank or feeling) --
humiliation, be made low, low estate, vile. see GREEK tapeinoo. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5014.htm - 7k

1890. epaphrizo -- to foam up
... foam out. From epi and aphrizo; to foam upon, ie (figuratively) to exhibit
(a vile passion) -- foam out. see GREEK epi. see GREEK aphrizo. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1890.htm - 6k

579. apobletos -- to be thrown away, ie rejected
... Phonetic Spelling: (ap-ob'-lay-tos) Short Definition: worthy to be cast away, worthless
Definition: worthy to be cast away, worthless, regarded as vile. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/579.htm - 6k

Strong's Hebrew

5240. nemibzah -- vile
... 5239, 5240. nemibzah. 5241 . vile. Transliteration: nemibzah Phonetic Spelling:
(nem-ib-zeh') Short Definition: vile. ... vile From bazah, despised -- vile. ...
/hebrew/5240.htm - 5k

2933. tamah -- to be stopped up, stupid
... be defiled, be reputed vile. A collateral form of tame'; to be impure in a religious
sense -- be defiled, be reputed vile. see HEBREW tame'. 2932b, 2933. ...
/hebrew/2933.htm - 6k

7043. qalal -- to be slight, swift or trifling
... A primitive root; to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp,
etc.) Or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.) -- abate, make bright ...
/hebrew/7043.htm - 6k

7034. qalah -- to be lightly esteemed or dishonored
... base, contemn, despise, lightly esteem, set light, seem vile. A primitive root;
to be light (as implied in rapid motion), but figuratively ...
/hebrew/7034.htm - 6k

5039. nebalah -- senselessness, disgrace
... folly, vile, villany. Feminine of nabal; foolishness, ie (morally) wickedness;
concretely, a crime; by extension, punishment -- folly, vile, villany. ...
/hebrew/5039.htm - 6k

959. bazah -- to despise
... despise, disdain, contemptible, think to scorn, vile person. A primitive root;
to disesteem -- despise, disdain, contemn(-ptible), + think ...
/hebrew/959.htm - 6k

5036. nabal -- foolish, senseless
... foolish, vile person. From nabel; stupid; wicked (especially impious) -- fool(-ish,
-ish man, -ish woman), vile person. see HEBREW nabel. 5035b, 5036. ...
/hebrew/5036.htm - 6k

8182. shoar -- horrid, disgusting
... open (1). vile. From sha'ar; harsh or horrid, ie Offensive -- vile. see HEBREW
sha'ar. 8181, 8182. shoar. 8183 . Strong's Numbers.
/hebrew/8182.htm - 6k

2151. zalal -- to shake
... 2150, 2151. zalal. 2151a . to shake. Transliteration: zalal Phonetic Spelling:
(zaw-lal') Short Definition: down. blow down, glutton, riotous eater, vile ...
/hebrew/2151.htm - 5k

5034. nabel -- to be senseless or foolish
... disgrace, dishounor, lightly esteem, come to nothing, make vile, wither
A primitive root; to wilt; generally, to fall away, fail ...
/hebrew/5034.htm - 5k

Library

Vile Ingratitude!
... Vile Ingratitude! A Sermon (No.323). Delivered ... This is abominable indeed! This
is so vile that no language can execrate it sufficiently. To ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 6 1860/vile ingratitude.htm

The Vile Person
... Names And Titles of the Antichrist 22. The Vile Person. "And in his estate
shall stand up a Vile Person, to whom they shall not give ...
//christianbookshelf.org/pink/the antichrist/22 the vile person.htm

Separating the Precious from the Vile
... Separating the Precious From the Vile. A Sermon (No.305). Delivered on Sabbath Morning,
March 25th, 1860, by the. REV. CH SPURGEON. At Exeter Hall, Strand. ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 6 1860/separating the precious from the.htm

Behold I am Vile!
... II. Seeking, Pleading, and Hoping. Hymn 7 Behold I am vile! John Newton 6,6,8,6.
Behold I am vile! O LORD, how vile am I,. Unholy, and unclean! ...
//christianbookshelf.org/newton/olney hymns/hymn 7 behold i am.htm

How Vile are They
... THE SECOND CENTURY 34 How vile are they. How vile are they, and blind and
ignorant, that will not see every one to be the heir of ...
/.../traherne/centuries of meditations/34 how vile are they.htm

The Vile Calumny About Onocoetes Retorted on the Heathen by ...
... Book I. Chapter XIV. "The Vile Calumny About Onocoetes Retorted on the Heathen by
Tertullian. Report has introduced a new calumny respecting our God. ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/tertullian/ad nationes/chapter xiv name vile calumny.htm

Vile Transformation of Jupiter.
... Book X. Chapter XXII."Vile Transformation of Jupiter. "There are also
innumerable adulteries of his, of which no offspring was ...
/.../recognitions of clement /chapter xxii vile transformation of jupiter.htm

Things Apparently Useless and Vile Made by God.
... Book VIII. Chapter XLIII."Things Apparently Useless and Vile Made by God.
"If, then, it seems to you that this is so, and what ...
/.../recognitions of clement /chapter xliii things apparently useless and.htm

Twenty-Third Sunday after Trinity. For Our Conversation is in ...
... For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the
Lord Jesus Christ; who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashined ...
/.../lyra germanica the christian year/twenty-third sunday after trinity for.htm

Of the Third Consideration of the Sacred Holy Stigmata
... and who am I, a most vile worm and thy most unprofitable servant?" and these
words he repeated over and over again, adding nothing more. ...
/.../the little flowers of st francis of assisi/of the third consideration of.htm

Thesaurus

Vile (59 Occurrences)
... 2. (superl.) Morally base or impure; depraved by sin; hateful; in the sight of God
and men; sinful; wicked; bad. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. VILE, VILLANY ...
/v/vile.htm - 26k

Villany (4 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary (n.) See Villainy. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia.
VILE, VILLANY. vil, vil'-an-i: The original words for ...
/v/villany.htm - 9k

Contemptible (14 Occurrences)
... 1. (a.) Deserving of scorn or disdain; mean; vile; despicable. ... (See NIV). 2 Samuel
6:22 I will be yet more vile than this, and will be base in my own sight. ...
/c/contemptible.htm - 11k

Gazing-stock (2 Occurrences)
... make thee vile, and will set thee as a gazing-stock," as one set up to be gazed
at, mocked and despised-a form of punishment in olden times; compare "mocking ...
/g/gazing-stock.htm - 9k

Gazingstock (2 Occurrences)
... make thee vile, and will set thee as a gazing-stock," as one set up to be gazed
at, mocked and despised-a form of punishment in olden times; compare "mocking ...
/g/gazingstock.htm - 9k

Personality
... Father. "Person" is also frequently supplied as the substantive implied
in various adjectives, etc., eg profane, perjured, vile. ...
/p/personality.htm - 16k

Affection (30 Occurrences)
... Mention is made of "vile affections" (Romans 1:26) and "inordinate affection"
(Colossians 3:5). Christians are exhorted to set their affections on things above ...
/a/affection.htm - 20k

Passions (26 Occurrences)
... Romans 1:26 For this reason, God gave them up to vile passions. For their women
changed the natural function into that which is against nature. ...
/p/passions.htm - 17k

Folly (68 Occurrences)
... In Isaiah 32:5, 6 the King James Version nabhal is translated "vile person" and
nebhalah "villany," the Revised Version (British and American) "fool" and "folly ...
/f/folly.htm - 39k

Fool (95 Occurrences)
... In Isaiah 32:5, 6 the King James Version nabhal is translated "vile person" and
nebhalah "villany," the Revised Version (British and American) "fool" and "folly ...
/f/fool.htm - 47k

Resources

What is the Queen James Bible? | GotQuestions.org

What does the Bible mean when it says, “The fool says in his heart, 'There is no God'”? | GotQuestions.org

Is it wrong for a Christian to have a sexual fantasy? | GotQuestions.org

Vile: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus

Concordance

Vile (59 Occurrences)

Romans 1:26
For this reason, God gave them up to vile passions. For their women changed the natural function into that which is against nature.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS)

Philippians 3:21
Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself.
(KJV WBS)

Colossians 3:5
Put to death therefore your members which are upon the earth, fornication, uncleanness, vile passions, evil lust, and unbridled desire, which is idolatry.
(DBY)

Colossians 3:8
But now, put off, ye also, all these things, wrath, anger, malice, blasphemy, vile language out of your mouth.
(DBY)

James 1:21
Ridding yourselves, therefore, of all that is vile and of the evil influences which prevail around you, welcome in a humble spirit the Message implanted within you, which is able to save your souls.
(WEY)

James 2:2
For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment;
(KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT)

James 3:16
For where envy and rivalry are, there also are unrest and every vile deed.
(WEY ASV RSV)

Revelation 21:8
But those who are full of fear and without faith, the unclean and takers of life, those who do the sins of the flesh, and those who make use of evil powers or who give worship to images, and all those who are false, will have their part in the sea of ever-burning fire which is the second death.
(See NIV)

Revelation 22:11
Let the evil man go on in his evil: and let the unclean be still unclean: and let the upright go on in his righteousness: and let the holy be holy still.
(See NIV)

Genesis 34:7
And the sons of Jacob came in from the field when they heard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob's daughter; which thing ought not to be done.
(See JPS)

Leviticus 19:7
And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it is an abomination; it shall not be accepted:
(See JPS)

Deuteronomy 25:3
Forty stripes he may give him, he shall not exceed; lest, if he should exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then your brother should seem vile to you.
(WEB KJV ASV WBS)

Deuteronomy 32:21
They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; They have provoked me to anger with their vanities: And I will move them to jealousy with those that are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.
(See JPS)

Judges 19:23
And the man, the master of the house, went out to them and said to them, "No, my brethren, do not act so wickedly; seeing that this man has come into my house, do not do this vile thing.
(DBY RSV NIV)

Judges 19:24
Behold, here is my daughter a maiden, and his concubine; them I will bring out now, and humble ye them, and do with them what seemeth good unto you: but unto this man do not so vile a thing.
(KJV DBY WBS RSV)

1 Samuel 3:13
For I have told him that I will judge his house for ever for the iniquity which he knoweth; because his sons made themselves vile, and he restrained them not.
(KJV DBY WBS YLT)

1 Samuel 15:9
But Saul and the people spared Agag, and the best of the sheep, and of the cattle, and of the fatlings, and the lambs, and all that was good, and wouldn't utterly destroy them: but everything that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly.
(WEB KJV ASV WBS)

2 Samuel 6:22
I will be yet more vile than this, and will be base in my own sight. But of the handmaids of whom you have spoken, they shall honor me."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT)

2 Kings 2:24
And he looketh behind him, and seeth them, and declareth them vile in the name of Jehovah, and two bears come out of the forest, and rend of them forty and two lads.
(YLT)

2 Kings 23:13
The high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mountain of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Sidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.
(See NIV)

Nehemiah 13:25
And I strive with them, and declare them vile, and smite certain of them, and pluck off their hair, and cause them to swear by God, 'Ye do not give your daughters to their sons, nor do ye take of their daughters to your sons, and to yourselves.
(YLT)

Esther 7:6
And Esther said, Our hater and attacker is this evil Haman. Then Haman was full of fear before the king and the queen.
(See NIV)

Job 15:16
How much less one who is disgusting and unclean, a man who takes in evil like water!
(See NIV)

Job 18:3
Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed vile in your sight?
(KJV WBS)

Job 34:18
Who says to a king,'Vile!' or to nobles,'Wicked!'?
(WEB ASV)

Job 40:4
Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee? I will lay mine hand upon my mouth.
(KJV WBS YLT)

Psalms 12:8
The wicked walk on every side, when what is vile is exalted among the sons of men.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Psalms 14:1
<To the chief music-maker. Of David.> The foolish man has said in his heart, God will not do anything. They are unclean, they have done evil works; there is not one who does good.
(See NIV)

Psalms 15:4
In whose eyes a vile man is despised, but who honors those who fear Yahweh; he who keeps an oath even when it hurts, and doesn't change;
(WEB KJV JPS WBS NIV)

Psalms 53:1
<To the chief music-maker; put to Mahalath. Maschil. Of David.> The foolish man has said in his heart, God will not do anything. They are unclean, they have done evil works; there is not one who does good.
(See NIV)

Psalms 101:3
I will set no vile thing before my eyes. I hate the deeds of faithless men. They will not cling to me.
(WEB NIV)

Proverbs 17:7
Excellent speech becometh not a vile man; how much less do lying lips a noble!
(DBY)

Proverbs 17:21
He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow, and the father of a vile man hath no joy.
(DBY)

Proverbs 21:8
Froward 'is' the way of a man who is vile, And the pure -- upright 'is' his work.
(YLT)

Isaiah 32:5
The vile person shall be no more called liberal, nor the churl said to be bountiful.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Isaiah 32:6
For the vile person will speak villany, and his heart will work iniquity, to practise hypocrisy, and to utter error against the LORD, to make empty the soul of the hungry, and he will cause the drink of the thirsty to fail.
(KJV JPS DBY WBS)

Jeremiah 2:36
What? thou art very vile to repeat thy way, Even of Egypt thou art ashamed, As thou hast been ashamed of Asshur,
(YLT)

Jeremiah 3:2
Let your eyes be lifted up to the open hilltops, and see; where have you not been taken by your lovers? You have been seated waiting for them by the wayside like an Arabian in the waste land; you have made the land unclean with your loose ways and your evil-doing.
(See RSV)

Jeremiah 11:15
What -- to My beloved in My house, Her doing wickedness with many, And the holy flesh do pass over from thee? When thou dost evil, then thou exultest.
(See NAS RSV)

Jeremiah 15:19
Therefore thus says Yahweh, If you return, then will I bring you again, that you may stand before me; and if you take forth the precious from the vile, you shall be as my mouth: they shall return to you, but you shall not return to them.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Jeremiah 16:18
And I will give them the reward of their evil-doing and their sin twice over; because they have made my land unclean, and have made my heritage full of the bodies of their unholy and disgusting things.
(See NIV)

Jeremiah 29:17
thus says Yahweh of Armies; Behold, I will send on them the sword, the famine, and the pestilence, and will make them like vile figs, that can't be eaten, they are so bad.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV)

Jeremiah 29:23
because they have wrought folly in Israel, and have committed adultery with their neighbors wives, and have spoken words in my name falsely, which I commanded them not; and I am he that knoweth, and am witness, saith Jehovah.
(See JPS)

Lamentations 1:11
All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for meat to relieve the soul: see, O LORD, and consider; for I am become vile.
(KJV DBY WBS)

Ezekiel 5:11
Therefore, as I live, says the Lord Yahweh, surely, because you have defiled my sanctuary with all your detestable things, and with all your abominations, therefore will I also diminish you; neither shall my eye spare, and I also will have no pity.
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 7:20
As for the beauty of his ornament, he set it in majesty; but they made the images of their abominations and their detestable things therein: therefore have I made it to them as an unclean thing.
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 8:9
And He saith to me, 'Go in, and see the evil abominations that they are doing here.'
(See RSV)

Ezekiel 11:18
They shall come there, and they shall take away all the detestable things of it and all its abominations from there.
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 11:21
But as for them whose heart walks after the heart of their detestable things and their abominations, I will bring their way on their own heads, says the Lord Yahweh.
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 13:3
Thus saith the Lord Jehovah, Woe unto the foolish prophets, that follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing!
(See JPS)

Ezekiel 16:52
You also, bear you your own shame, in that you have given judgment for your sisters; through your sins that you have committed more abominable than they, they are more righteous that you: yes, be also confounded, and bear your shame, in that you have justified your sisters.
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 20:7
I said to them, Cast away every man the abominations of his eyes, and don't defile yourselves with the idols of Egypt; I am Yahweh your God.
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 20:8
But they rebelled against me, and would not listen to me; they did not every man cast away the abominations of their eyes, neither did they forsake the idols of Egypt. Then I said I would pour out my wrath on them, to accomplish my anger against them in the midst of the land of Egypt.
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 20:30
Therefore tell the house of Israel, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Do you pollute yourselves after the manner of your fathers? and do you play the prostitute after their abominations?
(See NIV)

Ezekiel 37:23
And they will no longer make themselves unclean with their images or with their hated things or with any of their sins: but I will give them salvation from all their turning away in which they have done evil, and will make them clean; and they will be to me a people, and I will be to them a God.
(See NIV)

Daniel 11:21
And in his estate shall stand up a vile person, to whom they shall not give the honour of the kingdom: but he shall come in peaceably, and obtain the kingdom by flatteries.
(KJV DBY WBS)

Hosea 9:10
I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness. I saw your fathers as the first ripe in the fig tree at its first season; but they came to Baal Peor, and consecrated themselves to the shameful thing, and became abominable like that which they loved.
(See NIV)

Nahum 1:14
Yahweh has commanded concerning you: "No more descendants will bear your name. Out of the house of your gods, will I cut off the engraved image and the molten image. I will make your grave, for you are vile."
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV NIV)

Nahum 3:6
I will throw abominable filth on you, and make you vile, and will set you a spectacle.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS)

Subtopics

Vile

Related Terms

Vileness (5 Occurrences)

Upsurging (1 Occurrence)

Gilbo'a (8 Occurrences)

Gilboa (8 Occurrences)

Rubbed (10 Occurrences)

Shield (65 Occurrences)

Vile (59 Occurrences)

Heave-offerings (13 Occurrences)