Jesus also said to His disciples
This phrase indicates a continuation of Jesus' teaching, specifically directed to His disciples. The Greek word for "disciples" is μαθητής (mathētēs), meaning a learner or follower. In the context of the Gospel of Luke, Jesus often uses parables to teach His disciples about the Kingdom of God and righteous living. This setting underscores the importance of the lesson that follows, as it is meant for those who are committed to learning from Jesus and applying His teachings to their lives.

There was a rich man
The phrase introduces a parable, a common teaching method used by Jesus. The "rich man" in the parable represents someone with significant resources and influence. In the cultural and historical context of first-century Judea, wealth was often seen as a sign of God's favor, but Jesus frequently challenges this notion by highlighting the responsibilities and moral obligations that come with wealth. The Greek word for "rich" is πλούσιος (plousios), which can imply abundance and prosperity, setting the stage for a lesson on stewardship and accountability.

whose manager
The term "manager" is translated from the Greek word οἰκονόμος (oikonomos), which refers to a steward or overseer responsible for managing the household or business affairs of the rich man. This role was crucial in ancient times, as it involved significant trust and responsibility. The manager's actions and decisions directly impacted the wealth and well-being of the household, making integrity and faithfulness essential qualities for the position.

was accused
The Greek word for "accused" is διαβάλλω (diaballō), which means to bring charges against or to slander. This implies that the manager's actions were brought to the attention of the rich man, possibly by other servants or community members. The accusation sets the stage for the unfolding drama of the parable, highlighting themes of accountability and the consequences of one's actions.

of wasting his possessions
The word "wasting" comes from the Greek διασκορπίζω (diaskorpizō), meaning to scatter or squander. This suggests that the manager was not merely negligent but actively mismanaging or misusing the resources entrusted to him. The "possessions" refer to the wealth and assets of the rich man, emphasizing the gravity of the manager's actions. In a broader scriptural context, this phrase invites reflection on the stewardship of God's gifts and the importance of using resources wisely and faithfully.

So he called him in
This phrase indicates a direct and personal confrontation. The Greek word for "called" (φωνέω, phōneō) implies a summoning with authority. In the historical context of the first century, a master had absolute authority over his servants or stewards. This calling is not just a casual conversation but a formal demand for accountability. It reflects the seriousness with which God calls each of us to account for our stewardship of the resources and responsibilities He has entrusted to us.

and asked
The act of asking here is not merely inquisitive but judicial. The Greek word used (εἶπεν, eipen) can also mean to declare or demand. This reflects the master's right to inquire into the steward's actions. In a broader spiritual sense, it reminds us that God, as the ultimate judge, will ask us to account for our lives. It is a call to self-examination and repentance, urging us to live with integrity and faithfulness.

What is this I hear about you?
This question implies that the master has received reports or accusations regarding the steward's conduct. The phrase suggests a breach of trust or mismanagement. In the spiritual realm, it serves as a reminder that nothing is hidden from God. He is aware of our actions and intentions. This question challenges us to reflect on our own lives and consider whether we are living in a way that honors God and fulfills our responsibilities.

Turn in an account of your management
The phrase "turn in an account" (ἀπόδος τὸν λόγον, apodos ton logon) is a demand for a detailed report or reckoning. In the ancient world, stewards were expected to manage their master's resources wisely and profitably. This demand signifies the end of the steward's tenure and the need for transparency. Spiritually, it symbolizes the final judgment when each person must give an account of their life before God. It is a call to live with an eternal perspective, knowing that our actions have consequences.

for you cannot be manager any longer
This statement is a declaration of termination. The Greek word for "manager" (οἰκονόμος, oikonomos) refers to a steward or overseer. The master has decided that the steward's mismanagement disqualifies him from continuing in his role. This serves as a sobering reminder that our time on earth is limited, and our opportunities to serve God are finite. It encourages us to be diligent and faithful in our responsibilities, knowing that our ultimate reward is in heaven.

The manager said to himself
In this phrase, we encounter the internal dialogue of the manager, a character in Jesus' parable. The Greek word for "manager" is "οἰκονόμος" (oikonomos), which refers to a steward or overseer responsible for managing household affairs. This role was significant in ancient times, as stewards were entrusted with the master's resources and expected to act with integrity. The phrase "said to himself" indicates a moment of introspection and self-assessment, a critical turning point in the narrative. It invites readers to consider their own moments of self-reflection and the decisions that follow.

What shall I do
This question reveals the manager's anxiety and uncertainty about his future. The Greek phrase "Τί ποιήσω" (Ti poiēsō) is a common expression of concern or deliberation. It reflects a moment of crisis, where the manager must confront the consequences of his actions. Historically, this question echoes the existential dilemmas faced by individuals throughout Scripture, prompting readers to consider their own responses to life's challenges and the importance of seeking divine guidance.

now that my master is taking away my position?
Here, the manager acknowledges the impending loss of his role. The phrase "my master is taking away" uses the Greek "ἀφαιρεῖ" (aphairei), meaning to remove or take away. This action signifies a loss of status and security, a theme prevalent in biblical narratives where individuals face the consequences of their actions. The term "position" or "stewardship" underscores the gravity of his situation, as stewardship was a position of trust and responsibility. This moment serves as a reminder of the transient nature of earthly roles and the ultimate accountability to God, the true Master.

I am not strong enough to dig
The manager's admission of physical weakness, "I am not strong enough," uses the Greek "οὐκ ἰσχύω" (ouk ischyō), highlighting his limitations. The reference to "dig" suggests manual labor, which was often the recourse for those without other means of livelihood. This acknowledgment of weakness and inability to perform hard labor reflects a humbling moment, emphasizing the human condition's frailty and the need for reliance on God's strength.

and I am ashamed to beg
The phrase "I am ashamed to beg" reveals the manager's pride and social concern. The Greek word "αἰσχύνομαι" (aischynomai) for "ashamed" conveys a sense of disgrace or dishonor. Begging was considered a last resort, often associated with social stigma and loss of dignity. This statement highlights the tension between pride and necessity, a common human struggle. It serves as a call to humility, reminding believers of the importance of trusting in God's provision and grace, even in times of need.

I know
The phrase "I know" indicates a moment of realization or enlightenment. In the Greek, the word used is "οἶδα" (oida), which implies not just knowledge but an understanding or insight. This suggests a turning point for the steward, who suddenly perceives a solution to his impending crisis. In a broader spiritual context, this can be seen as a moment of repentance or a change of heart, where one recognizes their situation and seeks a path forward.

what I will do
This phrase reflects a decisive action plan. The Greek "τί ποιήσω" (ti poiēsō) shows the steward's determination to take control of his future. It highlights the importance of proactive decision-making in the face of adversity. Spiritually, it can be seen as a call to believers to act wisely and prudently with the resources and opportunities God provides.

so that
The phrase "so that" introduces the purpose or goal of the steward's plan. In Greek, "ἵνα" (hina) is often used to denote purpose or result. This indicates that the steward's actions are not random but are strategically aimed at achieving a specific outcome. For Christians, this serves as a reminder to live purposefully, with an eternal perspective in mind.

after my removal from management
This phrase acknowledges the steward's impending loss of position. The Greek "μετασταθῶ ἐκ τῆς οἰκονομίας" (metastathō ek tēs oikonomias) suggests a transition or change in status. Historically, this reflects the precarious nature of employment in ancient times, where a steward's position was often at the mercy of the master. Spiritually, it can symbolize the transient nature of earthly roles and the importance of preparing for eternal realities.

people will welcome me
The phrase "people will welcome me" indicates the steward's desire for acceptance and support from others. The Greek "δέξωνταί με" (dexōntai me) implies a reception or hospitality. This reflects the cultural importance of community and relationships in the ancient world. For believers, it underscores the value of building relationships and using one's resources to foster community and goodwill.

into their homes
This final phrase, "into their homes," signifies a place of refuge and security. The Greek "εἰς τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν" (eis tous oikous autōn) emphasizes the personal and intimate nature of the steward's goal. In biblical times, the home was a place of safety and provision. Spiritually, this can be seen as a metaphor for the eternal home believers seek in God's kingdom, reminding Christians to use their earthly resources to secure heavenly treasures.

And he called in
The phrase "called in" suggests an authoritative summons, indicating the steward's position of responsibility and urgency in addressing the situation. The Greek word used here is "προσκαλέω" (proskaleō), which implies a personal and direct invitation or command. This reflects the steward's immediate action to rectify his precarious situation, highlighting the urgency and decisiveness required in moments of crisis. In a broader spiritual sense, it can be seen as a call to self-examination and repentance, urging believers to assess their spiritual debts and make amends.

each one of his master’s debtors
The term "each one" emphasizes the individual attention given to every debtor, signifying thoroughness and diligence. The Greek word "ἕκαστος" (hekastos) underscores the personal responsibility each debtor has towards the master. Historically, debtors in ancient times were often bound by contracts that could lead to severe consequences if not honored. This reflects the spiritual truth that each person is accountable to God, the ultimate Master, for their actions and spiritual debts. The steward's interaction with the debtors can be seen as a metaphor for the personal relationship and accountability each believer has with God.

How much do you owe my master?
This question is direct and probing, intended to elicit a clear and honest response. The Greek word for "owe" is "ὀφείλω" (opheilō), which conveys a sense of obligation and duty. In the historical context, debts were a common part of economic life, often leading to servitude or imprisonment if unpaid. Spiritually, this question challenges believers to reflect on their own spiritual debts—sins and shortcomings—and their need for God's grace and forgiveness. It serves as a reminder of the importance of acknowledging one's sins and seeking reconciliation with God, the ultimate Master.

A hundred measures of olive oil
In the context of Luke 16:6, the phrase "a hundred measures of olive oil" refers to a significant debt owed by a tenant to a landowner. The Greek term for "measures" is "batos," which is a unit of liquid measurement roughly equivalent to 8 or 9 gallons. Olive oil was a valuable commodity in ancient Israel, used for cooking, lighting, and religious rituals. This debt represents a substantial economic obligation, highlighting the wealth and resources involved in the parable. Historically, olive oil production was a labor-intensive process, and its trade was a critical part of the economy in the Mediterranean region. The mention of "a hundred measures" underscores the magnitude of the debt and sets the stage for the steward's actions in the parable.

Take your bill
The phrase "take your bill" indicates a direct and personal interaction between the steward and the debtor. In the Greek, the word for "bill" is "gramma," which can mean a written document or record. This suggests that the debts were formally recorded, emphasizing the legal and binding nature of the obligations. The steward's instruction to "take your bill" implies a renegotiation or alteration of the debt, which was a bold and potentially risky move. This action reflects the steward's urgency and cunning as he seeks to secure his future by gaining favor with the debtors.

Sit down quickly
The command to "sit down quickly" conveys a sense of urgency and immediacy. The Greek word for "quickly" is "tacheos," which implies swiftness and promptness. This urgency may reflect the steward's awareness of his precarious situation and his need to act decisively before his dismissal is finalized. The instruction to "sit down" suggests a formal setting, possibly indicating that the transaction was to be conducted with a degree of seriousness and confidentiality. This urgency also highlights the steward's shrewdness in managing the situation to his advantage.

And write fifty
The phrase "and write fifty" signifies a reduction of the original debt by half. The Greek word for "write" is "grapho," which means to inscribe or record. This act of writing a new amount symbolizes a fresh start or a new agreement between the debtor and the steward. By reducing the debt to fifty measures, the steward is effectively securing goodwill and future support from the debtor. This action demonstrates the steward's strategic thinking and his ability to leverage his position to create favorable outcomes. The reduction of the debt also serves as a metaphor for grace and forgiveness, themes that are central to the teachings of Jesus.

Then he asked another
This phrase introduces the continuation of the parable of the dishonest manager. The Greek word for "another" (ἕτερον, heteron) indicates a different debtor, suggesting the manager's systematic approach to reducing debts. This reflects the urgency and shrewdness of the manager's actions, as he seeks to secure his future by currying favor with multiple debtors.

And how much do you owe?
The question posed by the manager is direct and practical. The Greek verb for "owe" (ὀφείλω, opheilō) implies a legal or moral obligation. This highlights the seriousness of the debt and the manager's authority in negotiating its terms. In a broader sense, it reflects the spiritual debt humanity owes to God, emphasizing the need for grace and forgiveness.

A hundred measures of wheat
The debtor's response quantifies the debt as "a hundred measures of wheat." The Greek term for "measures" (κόρους, korous) refers to a large quantity, approximately 10-12 bushels per measure. Wheat was a staple commodity, essential for sustenance and trade, underscoring the significant economic value of the debt. This detail illustrates the magnitude of the manager's actions and the potential impact on the debtor's livelihood.

he replied
The debtor's reply indicates compliance and acknowledgment of the debt. This interaction suggests a level of trust or desperation, as the debtor is willing to renegotiate the terms. It reflects the human condition of indebtedness and the hope for mercy and relief.

Take your bill and write eighty
The manager instructs the debtor to alter the bill, reducing the debt from one hundred to eighty measures. The act of "writing" (γράψον, grapsōn) signifies a formal change in the record, symbolizing forgiveness or reduction of debt. This action demonstrates the manager's cunning and the urgency of his situation. Spiritually, it can be seen as a metaphor for the transformative power of grace, where debts are forgiven, and relationships restored.

The master
In this parable, "the master" represents a figure of authority, often interpreted as a worldly figure rather than a divine one. The Greek word used here is "kyrios," which can mean lord or master, indicating someone with control or ownership. This term sets the stage for understanding the dynamics of authority and responsibility in the parable.

commended
The Greek word "epaineō" is used here, meaning to praise or approve. This commendation is surprising given the manager's dishonest actions, suggesting that the focus is on the cleverness or prudence of the manager rather than his morality. It highlights a worldly appreciation for shrewdness and strategic thinking.

the dishonest manager
The term "dishonest" comes from the Greek "adikias," meaning unrighteous or unjust. This phrase identifies the manager's character and actions, which are morally questionable. The manager's behavior is not condoned, but his ability to navigate a difficult situation is acknowledged, prompting reflection on the nature of wisdom and resourcefulness.

because he had acted shrewdly
The Greek word "phronimōs" translates to wisely or prudently. This phrase emphasizes the manager's cleverness in securing his future despite his unethical methods. It challenges the reader to consider the importance of wisdom and foresight, even when exhibited by those with questionable ethics.

For the sons of this age
This phrase contrasts two groups: "the sons of this age" and "the sons of light." "The sons of this age" refers to those who are worldly, focused on temporal matters. The Greek "aiōn" denotes a period or age, emphasizing the temporal and often secular focus of these individuals.

are more shrewd
The Greek word "phronimōteroi" is a comparative form of "phronimos," meaning more prudent or wise. This comparison suggests that those who are worldly often exhibit greater practical wisdom in their dealings than those who are spiritually minded, challenging believers to cultivate discernment.

in dealing with their own kind
This phrase highlights the interaction within the same group, emphasizing the worldly wisdom applied in secular matters. It suggests a level of expertise and understanding in navigating the complexities of worldly relationships and transactions.

than are the sons of light
"The sons of light" refers to believers, those who follow Christ and are spiritually enlightened. This phrase, rooted in the Hebrew concept of light as truth and righteousness, challenges believers to reflect on their own use of wisdom and resources in advancing the Kingdom of God.

I tell you
This phrase is a direct assertion from Jesus, emphasizing the authority and importance of His teaching. In the Greek, "λέγω ὑμῖν" (legō hymin) is often used by Jesus to introduce a significant truth or principle. It underscores the personal and direct communication from Jesus to His listeners, urging them to pay close attention to the wisdom He is imparting.

use worldly wealth
The Greek term for "worldly wealth" is "μαμωνᾶς" (mamōnas), often translated as "mammon." This term refers to material wealth or riches, which can be a source of temptation and distraction from spiritual priorities. Jesus is not condemning wealth itself but is instructing His followers on the proper use of it. The historical context of the time shows that wealth was often seen as a sign of God's favor, yet Jesus challenges this notion by focusing on the spiritual implications of how wealth is used.

to make friends for yourselves
The phrase suggests a strategic and purposeful use of resources. In the cultural context of the first century, hospitality and relationships were vital. Jesus is encouraging His followers to use their resources to build relationships that have eternal significance. The Greek word for "friends" (φίλους, philous) implies a bond that goes beyond mere acquaintance, suggesting a deeper, more meaningful connection.

so that when it is gone
This part of the verse acknowledges the temporary nature of worldly wealth. The Greek word "ἐκλείπῃ" (ekleipē) means "fails" or "is gone," indicating the inevitable end of material possessions. Jesus is reminding His audience that earthly wealth is transient and should be used with an eternal perspective in mind.

they will welcome you
The "they" refers to the friends made through the wise use of wealth. This implies a reciprocal relationship where those who have been helped or influenced by one's generosity will, in turn, offer a welcome. The Greek word "δέξωνται" (dexōntai) means "to receive" or "to welcome," suggesting a warm and hospitable reception.

into eternal dwellings
The phrase "eternal dwellings" points to the ultimate goal of life, which is eternal life with God. The Greek "αἰωνίους σκηνάς" (aiōnious skēnas) refers to everlasting habitations, contrasting the temporary nature of earthly homes. This highlights the Christian belief in life after death and the importance of living with eternity in mind. Jesus is teaching that the way we use our earthly resources can have a direct impact on our eternal future, encouraging a life of generosity and stewardship that aligns with God's kingdom values.

Whoever
The term "whoever" is inclusive, indicating that the principle Jesus is teaching applies universally to all people, regardless of their status or background. In the Greek, the word used is "ὁ" (ho), which is a definite article often translated as "the one who." This universality underscores the impartiality of God's expectations and judgments, emphasizing that everyone is accountable to the same standard of faithfulness.

is faithful
The Greek word for "faithful" is "πιστός" (pistos), which conveys a sense of trustworthiness, reliability, and steadfastness. In the biblical context, faithfulness is a key attribute of a believer, reflecting God's own faithfulness to His promises. This word suggests a consistent and unwavering commitment to God's principles, even in the smallest matters.

with very little
The phrase "with very little" highlights the seemingly insignificant tasks or resources entrusted to an individual. The Greek word "ἐλάχιστος" (elachistos) means least or smallest. This emphasizes that God values how we handle even the smallest responsibilities, as they are a test of our character and integrity. It reflects the biblical principle that God often uses small beginnings to prepare us for greater responsibilities.

will also be faithful with much
This part of the verse promises that those who prove their faithfulness in small matters will be entrusted with greater responsibilities. The Greek word "πολύς" (polys) means much or many, indicating abundance. This principle is consistent with the biblical theme of stewardship, where God rewards those who are diligent and trustworthy with greater opportunities to serve and glorify Him.

and whoever is dishonest
The word "dishonest" in Greek is "ἄδικος" (adikos), meaning unjust or unrighteous. It implies a lack of integrity and moral uprightness. This term warns against the dangers of deceit and unfaithfulness, even in minor matters, as they reveal a deeper issue of the heart that can lead to greater unfaithfulness.

with very little
Reiterating the earlier phrase, this repetition emphasizes the importance of integrity in all aspects of life, no matter how small. It serves as a reminder that our actions in minor situations are indicative of our overall character and spiritual maturity.

will also be dishonest with much
This concluding phrase warns that those who are unfaithful in small matters will likely be unfaithful in larger ones. It reflects the biblical principle that character is consistent across different contexts and that unfaithfulness in small things can lead to greater moral failures. This serves as a cautionary message to cultivate integrity and faithfulness in all areas of life.

If, then, you have not been faithful
The phrase "If, then" introduces a conditional statement, emphasizing the logical consequence of one's actions. The Greek word for "faithful" is "πιστός" (pistos), which implies trustworthiness and reliability. In the biblical context, faithfulness is a key virtue, reflecting one's commitment to God's principles. Historically, faithfulness was a valued trait in ancient cultures, often associated with stewardship and responsibility. This phrase challenges believers to examine their integrity and reliability in handling what God has entrusted to them.

with worldly wealth
The term "worldly wealth" is translated from the Greek "μαμωνᾶς" (mammonas), often personified as Mammon, representing material wealth or greed. In the historical context of the New Testament, wealth was seen as both a blessing and a potential stumbling block. The Bible frequently warns against the dangers of prioritizing material wealth over spiritual well-being. This phrase serves as a reminder that earthly possessions are temporary and should be managed wisely and ethically, reflecting one's values and priorities.

who will entrust you
The word "entrust" comes from the Greek "πιστεύω" (pisteuō), meaning to believe in or have confidence in. In biblical terms, entrusting implies a transfer of responsibility, often with an expectation of stewardship. The historical context of entrusting wealth or responsibilities was common in ancient societies, where trust was foundational to social and economic interactions. This phrase underscores the principle that trust must be earned through demonstrated faithfulness and integrity.

with true riches?
"True riches" refers to spiritual wealth, which is eternal and far surpasses any material possession. The Greek word for "true" is "ἀληθινός" (alēthinos), meaning genuine or real. In the scriptural context, true riches are the blessings and rewards of the Kingdom of God, such as wisdom, peace, and eternal life. This phrase contrasts the transient nature of worldly wealth with the enduring value of spiritual treasures. It inspires believers to seek and prioritize the riches of God's Kingdom, which are imperishable and infinitely more fulfilling.

And if you have not been faithful
The phrase "have not been faithful" is derived from the Greek word "πιστός" (pistos), which means trustworthy or reliable. In the context of the New Testament, faithfulness is a key virtue, often associated with stewardship and responsibility. The call to faithfulness is a recurring theme in Jesus' teachings, emphasizing the importance of integrity and reliability in all aspects of life. Historically, faithfulness was a valued trait in ancient cultures, often linked to one's character and honor.

with the belongings of another
The term "belongings of another" refers to possessions or resources that are not inherently one's own. In the Greek, the word "ἀλλότριος" (allotrios) is used, meaning belonging to another or foreign. This highlights the concept of stewardship, where individuals are entrusted with resources or responsibilities that ultimately belong to God or others. The historical context of this teaching reflects the societal norms of stewardship in ancient times, where servants or stewards managed the estates of their masters, emphasizing accountability and trust.

who will give you
The phrase "who will give you" suggests a future reward or entrustment. The Greek word "δώσει" (dosei) is used here, meaning to give or grant. This implies a conditional promise, where faithfulness in small or entrusted matters leads to greater responsibilities or blessings. Theologically, this reflects the biblical principle of sowing and reaping, where one's actions and faithfulness determine future opportunities and rewards.

belongings of your own?
The phrase "belongings of your own" signifies personal ownership or responsibility. The Greek word "ὑμέτερος" (humeteros) is used, meaning your own or belonging to you. This contrasts with the earlier mention of "belongings of another," highlighting the transition from stewardship to ownership. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a metaphor for eternal rewards or spiritual responsibilities that are granted to those who are faithful in their earthly duties. Historically, this reflects the cultural understanding of inheritance and ownership, where faithful service could lead to personal gain or inheritance.

No servant
The term "servant" here is translated from the Greek word "οἰκέτης" (oiketēs), which refers to a household servant or slave. In the historical context of the Roman Empire, a servant was bound to the will of their master, highlighting the totality of commitment expected. This sets the stage for understanding the impossibility of divided loyalty in spiritual matters.

can serve
The Greek word "δύναται" (dunatai) implies capability or power. The phrase suggests an inherent impossibility, not just a moral or ethical dilemma. It emphasizes that it is beyond one's ability to truly serve two masters, as true service requires undivided allegiance.

two masters
The word "masters" comes from the Greek "κυρίους" (kyrious), meaning lords or owners. In the ancient world, a master had absolute authority over a servant. The use of "two masters" illustrates the conflict of interest and the impossibility of serving both with equal dedication, as each master would demand full allegiance.

Either he will hate the one
"Hate" is translated from the Greek "μισήσει" (misēsei), which can mean to love less or to prefer less. This phrase indicates the natural outcome of divided loyalties, where one master will inevitably be neglected or resented in favor of the other.

and love the other
The Greek word for "love" is "ἀγαπήσει" (agapēsei), which denotes a deep, committed love. This highlights the exclusivity of true devotion, where love for one master naturally excludes equal love for another.

or he will be devoted to the one
"Devoted" comes from the Greek "ἀνθέξεται" (anthexetai), meaning to hold firmly or cling to. This suggests a steadfast loyalty and commitment, reinforcing the idea that true service requires unwavering dedication to one master.

and despise the other
The term "despise" is from the Greek "καταφρονήσει" (kataphronēsei), meaning to think little of or to disdain. This reflects the inevitable devaluation of one master when another is prioritized, underscoring the impossibility of equal service.

You cannot serve both God and money
"Money" is translated from the Greek "μαμωνᾷ" (mamōna), often personified as a false god representing wealth and materialism. This phrase encapsulates the central teaching of the verse: the incompatibility of serving God, who demands total devotion, with the pursuit of wealth, which can become an idol. The historical context of Jesus' audience, who lived under Roman rule with its materialistic values, makes this teaching particularly poignant. It calls believers to examine their priorities and ensure that their ultimate allegiance is to God alone, as serving Him requires a heart undivided by worldly pursuits.

The Pharisees
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in first-century Judaism known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the oral traditions. The Greek word "Pharisaioi" suggests a separation, indicating their distinctiveness in religious observance. Historically, they were influential in the synagogues and among the common people, often seen as the religious elite. Their role in the Gospels is frequently as opponents of Jesus, highlighting the tension between legalistic righteousness and the transformative message of Christ.

who were lovers of money
This phrase reveals a critical aspect of the Pharisees' character as depicted in the Gospels. The Greek term "philargyroi" combines "philos" (loving) and "argyros" (silver or money), indicating an excessive attachment to wealth. This love of money is contrary to the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized spiritual wealth over material possessions. Historically, this critique aligns with the broader biblical theme that warns against the dangers of greed and the pursuit of wealth, as seen in passages like 1 Timothy 6:10.

heard all of this
The Pharisees were attentive to Jesus' teachings, which often challenged their beliefs and practices. The Greek word "akouo" means to hear or listen, implying not just physical hearing but also understanding and processing the message. In the context of Luke 16, Jesus had been teaching about the proper use of wealth and the dangers of serving two masters, which directly confronted the Pharisees' values.

and were scoffing at Jesus
The Greek word "ekmykterizo" means to deride or mock, indicating a dismissive and contemptuous attitude. This reaction reflects the Pharisees' resistance to Jesus' message, which threatened their status and challenged their worldview. Historically, scoffing was a common response to prophets and messengers who brought uncomfortable truths, as seen throughout the Old Testament. This behavior underscores the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart that Jesus often addressed in His ministry.

So He said to them
This phrase indicates a direct address from Jesus to the Pharisees, who were known for their self-righteousness and legalism. The Greek word for "said" (εἶπεν, eipen) implies a declaration or proclamation, emphasizing the authority of Jesus' words. In the historical context, Jesus often confronted the Pharisees, challenging their outward religiosity and lack of genuine faith.

You are the ones who justify yourselves before men
The term "justify" (δικαιοῦν, dikaioûn) in Greek means to declare righteous. The Pharisees were known for their attempts to appear righteous through external actions and adherence to the law. However, their justification was superficial, aimed at gaining approval from others rather than seeking true righteousness before God. This reflects a common human tendency to seek validation from peers rather than from God.

but God knows your hearts
The phrase "God knows" (γινώσκει, ginōskei) underscores God's omniscience. Unlike humans, who can only see outward appearances, God perceives the true intentions and motivations of the heart. The heart (καρδία, kardia) in biblical terms often represents the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, and will. This highlights the futility of trying to deceive God with mere external compliance.

What is prized among men
The word "prized" (ὑψηλός, hypsēlos) can be translated as "highly esteemed" or "exalted." In the cultural and historical context, the Pharisees valued status, wealth, and public recognition. These were the measures of success and righteousness in their society. However, Jesus challenges this value system, suggesting that what humans often exalt is not aligned with God's values.

is detestable before God
The term "detestable" (βδέλυγμα, bdelygma) is a strong word indicating something that is abominable or repulsive. This reflects the stark contrast between human and divine perspectives. What society may honor and pursue can be utterly offensive to God if it is rooted in pride, hypocrisy, or self-interest. This serves as a sobering reminder to align our values with God's standards rather than societal norms.

The Law and the Prophets
This phrase refers to the Old Testament scriptures, which were the foundation of Jewish religious life and practice. "The Law" (Greek: "nomos") typically refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Bible, traditionally attributed to Moses. "The Prophets" (Greek: "prophetai") encompasses the writings of the prophets who conveyed God's messages to His people. Historically, these texts were central to Jewish identity and religious observance, serving as a guide for moral and spiritual conduct. In the context of Luke 16:16, Jesus acknowledges the authority and significance of these scriptures while indicating a transition in God's redemptive plan.

were proclaimed
The Greek word used here is "eōs," which means "until." This suggests a temporal boundary, indicating that the period of the Law and the Prophets being the primary revelation of God's will was up to a certain point. This proclamation was through the reading and teaching of the scriptures in synagogues and by the prophets themselves. It highlights the continuity of God's revelation, which was faithfully communicated to His people over centuries.

until John
This refers to John the Baptist, the forerunner of Christ. John marks a pivotal point in salvation history, as he is the last of the Old Testament prophets and the one who directly prepares the way for Jesus. His ministry signifies the end of one era and the beginning of another. Historically, John’s call to repentance and his baptismal ministry were revolutionary, drawing large crowds and setting the stage for Jesus' public ministry.

Since that time
This phrase indicates a shift or a new phase in God's plan. The Greek word "apo" suggests a starting point, marking the beginning of a new era with the arrival of John the Baptist and subsequently, Jesus Christ. This transition is crucial in understanding the unfolding of the Gospel message and the inauguration of the Kingdom of God.

the gospel of the kingdom of God
The "gospel" (Greek: "euangelion") means "good news." The "kingdom of God" refers to God's sovereign rule and reign, which Jesus came to establish. This message of the kingdom is central to Jesus' teaching and ministry. It signifies the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and the realization of God's promises. The proclamation of this gospel represents a new covenant and a new way of relating to God, emphasizing repentance, faith, and the transformative power of God's grace.

is being preached
The Greek word "euangelizetai" means "to announce good news." This active, ongoing proclamation of the gospel signifies the dynamic and continuous nature of the Christian mission. It underscores the urgency and importance of spreading the message of salvation through Jesus Christ to all people. Historically, this preaching began with Jesus and His disciples and continues through the Church today.

and everyone is forcing his way into it
The Greek word "biazetai" can mean "to force" or "to press." This phrase suggests a sense of urgency and determination in seeking the kingdom. It reflects the intense desire and effort required to enter into the life and blessings of God's kingdom. This could also imply the challenges and opposition faced by those who pursue the kingdom, as well as the radical commitment needed to follow Christ. Historically, this reflects the fervent response of many to Jesus' message, as well as the obstacles they encountered.

But it is easier
This phrase introduces a comparison that emphasizes the impossibility of the event being described. The Greek word for "easier" (εὐκοπώτερον, eukopōteron) suggests something that requires less effort or is more feasible. In the context of Jesus' teaching, it underscores the enduring nature of God's Law, suggesting that the natural order of the universe is more likely to change than the divine decrees.

for heaven and earth to pass away
The phrase "heaven and earth" is a common biblical expression denoting the entirety of creation. In Jewish thought, these were seen as the most stable and permanent elements of the universe. The Greek word for "pass away" (παρελθεῖν, parelthein) implies a complete removal or disappearance. This hyperbolic language is used to stress the permanence and unchangeability of God's Law, which is more enduring than even the cosmos itself.

than for a single stroke of a pen
The "single stroke of a pen" refers to the smallest letter or part of a letter in the Hebrew alphabet, often understood as a "jot" or "tittle" (Greek: κεραία, keraia). This highlights the meticulous precision and completeness of the Law. In a historical context, scribes were known for their exactness in copying the Scriptures, ensuring that not even the smallest detail was altered. This phrase emphasizes the inviolability and precision of God's Word.

to drop out of the Law
The "Law" here refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, which were considered the foundation of Jewish religious life and practice. The Greek word for "drop out" (πεσεῖν, pesein) conveys the idea of falling away or being removed. This underscores the belief that God's commandments are eternal and unchanging. In a broader scriptural context, this affirms the continuity and fulfillment of the Law in the teachings of Jesus, who came not to abolish the Law but to fulfill it (Matthew 5:17).

Everyone who divorces his wife
This phrase addresses the act of divorce, which in the cultural and historical context of the time, was a significant social and religious issue. The Greek word for "divorces" is "ἀπολύω" (apolyō), which means to release or send away. In the Jewish context, divorce was permitted under certain conditions, as outlined in Deuteronomy 24:1-4. However, Jesus' teaching here emphasizes the sanctity and permanence of marriage, reflecting God's original design for marriage as a lifelong covenant.

and marries another
The act of marrying another after divorce is highlighted here. The Greek word for "marries" is "γαμέω" (gameō), which implies entering into a new marital covenant. This phrase underscores the seriousness of marriage vows and the implications of breaking them. In the historical context, remarriage after divorce was a common practice, but Jesus challenges this norm by pointing to the spiritual and moral dimensions of marriage.

commits adultery
The term "adultery" is translated from the Greek word "μοιχάω" (moichaō), which refers to sexual infidelity. In the biblical context, adultery is not just a physical act but a violation of the covenant relationship established by God. This teaching elevates the understanding of marriage beyond a legal contract to a sacred bond that reflects God's faithfulness.

And he who marries a divorced woman
This phrase extends the teaching to those who marry someone who has been divorced. The implication is that entering into a marriage with someone who is divorced, under these circumstances, also constitutes adultery. This reflects the high value placed on marital fidelity and the seriousness with which Jesus addresses the issue of divorce and remarriage.

commits adultery
Reiterating the consequence of adultery, this phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the moral and spiritual implications of divorce and remarriage. The repetition emphasizes the gravity of the sin and the need for believers to uphold the sanctity of marriage. In the broader scriptural context, this teaching calls for a return to God's original intent for marriage as a lifelong, exclusive union between a man and a woman.

Now there was a rich man
This phrase introduces the parable with a focus on wealth. The Greek word for "rich" is "πλούσιος" (plousios), indicating not just wealth but abundance. In the historical context of Jesus' time, wealth was often seen as a sign of God's favor, yet Jesus frequently challenged this notion, emphasizing spiritual richness over material wealth. The rich man in this parable represents those who prioritize earthly wealth over spiritual treasures.

dressed in purple and fine linen
The mention of "purple" and "fine linen" is significant. Purple dye was extremely expensive in ancient times, often reserved for royalty or the very wealthy, as it was extracted from the murex shellfish. "Fine linen" refers to high-quality fabric, likely imported from Egypt, known for its softness and luxury. This attire signifies opulence and status, highlighting the rich man's earthly focus on appearance and materialism. In a spiritual sense, it contrasts with the humility and simplicity that Jesus taught.

who lived each day
The phrase "each day" suggests a continuous, habitual lifestyle. The Greek word "καθ' ἡμέραν" (kath' hēmeran) implies a daily routine, emphasizing the rich man's consistent indulgence in luxury. This daily living in excess reflects a life centered on self-gratification, neglecting the needs of others and the call to live a life of service and compassion as taught by Jesus.

in joyous splendor
"Joyous splendor" conveys a sense of celebration and extravagance. The Greek word "εὐφραινόμενος" (euphrainomenos) means to be merry or to rejoice, often associated with feasting and revelry. This lifestyle of constant celebration underscores the rich man's focus on temporal pleasures. In the broader scriptural context, it serves as a warning against the dangers of hedonism and the neglect of spiritual responsibilities. Jesus contrasts this with the joy found in the Kingdom of God, which is not based on material wealth but on righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit (Romans 14:17).

And a poor man
The phrase "a poor man" introduces us to Lazarus, whose name means "God has helped" in Hebrew. This is significant because, despite his earthly poverty, the narrative suggests a divine favor or future reversal of fortune. In the socio-economic context of the time, poverty was often seen as a sign of divine disfavor, yet Jesus challenges this notion by highlighting the spiritual richness and ultimate reward of the poor in spirit.

named Lazarus
The name "Lazarus" is derived from the Hebrew name Eleazar, meaning "God is my help." This is the only parable of Jesus where a character is given a name, which may indicate the importance of his identity and the personal nature of his story. It emphasizes the individual worth and dignity of the poor, countering the cultural tendency to overlook or dehumanize them.

lay at his gate
The word "lay" suggests a state of helplessness and vulnerability. Lazarus is positioned at the gate of the rich man, symbolizing the stark contrast between wealth and poverty. Gates in ancient times were places of judgment and decision-making, and here it represents the barrier between the rich man's world and the suffering outside. This imagery calls the reader to consider their own response to the needy at their "gates."

covered with sores
The description "covered with sores" paints a vivid picture of Lazarus's physical suffering and social rejection. In the ancient world, sores were often associated with uncleanness and were a source of shame and exclusion. This detail underscores the depth of Lazarus's affliction and the indifference of the rich man, who fails to offer compassion or assistance. It challenges believers to see beyond physical appearances and to respond with Christ-like love to those who suffer.

and longing to be fed
The Greek word for "longing" is "ἐπιθυμέω" (epithymeō), which conveys a deep desire or yearning. This word is often used in the New Testament to describe a strong, sometimes unfulfilled, desire. In this context, it highlights the extreme poverty and desperation of the beggar, Lazarus. His longing is not for a feast, but merely for the crumbs, underscoring his dire situation. This reflects the broader biblical theme of the poor and needy being overlooked by those who have plenty, a call for compassion and justice.

with the crumbs
The term "crumbs" (Greek: "ψιχίων," psichiōn) refers to small pieces or scraps of food. In the historical context of the first century, it was common for wealthy individuals to use bread to clean their hands during meals and then discard it. These discarded pieces were what Lazarus longed for, symbolizing the minimal sustenance he sought. This imagery serves as a powerful indictment of the rich man's indifference and a reminder of the biblical call to care for the least among us.

that fell from the rich man’s table
The phrase "fell from the rich man’s table" paints a vivid picture of the disparity between the rich and the poor. In ancient times, tables were often low, and diners reclined on couches. The food that fell was considered waste, yet it was the only hope for Lazarus. This highlights the neglect and lack of charity from the rich man, who represents those who are blind to the needs of others. Theologically, it challenges believers to examine their own lives and attitudes towards wealth and generosity.

Even the dogs came
The mention of "dogs" (Greek: "κύνες," kynes) is significant. In Jewish culture, dogs were considered unclean animals, often associated with scavengers. Their presence in this narrative emphasizes Lazarus's lowly state, as he is not only ignored by humans but also surrounded by creatures considered impure. Yet, paradoxically, the dogs show more compassion than the rich man by tending to Lazarus's wounds. This serves as a critique of societal values and a call to emulate the unexpected kindness shown by the dogs.

and licked his sores
The act of licking "sores" (Greek: "ἕλκη," helkē) by the dogs is both a literal and symbolic gesture. In the ancient world, it was believed that a dog's saliva had healing properties. Thus, the dogs' actions could be seen as a form of care and attention that Lazarus did not receive from his fellow humans. Spiritually, this highlights the theme of God's care and provision coming from unexpected sources. It challenges believers to recognize and respond to the needs of others, regardless of societal norms or prejudices.

One day
This phrase indicates a specific point in time, emphasizing the certainty and inevitability of death. In the Greek, "Ἐγένετο δὲ" (egeneto de) suggests an event that is part of a divine plan. It reminds us that life is transient and that our earthly existence is but a moment in the grand scheme of God's eternal timeline.

the beggar died
The beggar, known as Lazarus, represents those who suffer in this life but are faithful to God. The Greek word for "died" is "ἀπέθανεν" (apethanen), which simply means to cease living. This highlights the universal truth that death comes to all, regardless of social status. Lazarus's death is not the end but a transition to a new existence.

and was carried by the angels
This phrase is rich with imagery and hope. The Greek "ἀπενεχθῆναι" (apenechthēnai) means to be carried away, suggesting a gentle and honorable transition. The presence of angels signifies divine approval and care, indicating that Lazarus is precious in the sight of God. This reflects the biblical teaching that angels are ministering spirits sent to serve those who will inherit salvation (Hebrews 1:14).

to Abraham’s side
In Jewish tradition, being at "Abraham’s side" (Greek: "εἰς τὸν κόλπον Ἀβραάμ," eis ton kolpon Abraam) is a metaphor for paradise or a place of honor and comfort in the afterlife. Abraham, the father of faith, represents the covenant promises of God. This phrase assures believers of their place in God's eternal kingdom, where they will be in fellowship with the patriarchs and saints.

The rich man also died
The rich man's death is mentioned with stark simplicity, "καὶ ἀπέθανεν" (kai apethanen), paralleling the beggar's death. This underscores the impartiality of death, which comes to both the wealthy and the poor. The lack of detail about his afterlife in this verse contrasts with the beggar's fate, hinting at a less favorable outcome.

and was buried
The mention of burial, "ἐτάφη" (etaphē), highlights the earthly honor given to the rich man, in contrast to the beggar's unmentioned burial. This reflects societal values that often prioritize wealth and status. However, the narrative suggests that earthly honors are insignificant compared to one's standing before God. The rich man's burial serves as a reminder that material wealth cannot secure eternal life.

In Hades
The term "Hades" is derived from the Greek word "ᾅδης" (Hades), which refers to the realm of the dead. In the context of Jewish and early Christian thought, Hades is often seen as a temporary place where the souls of the deceased reside until the final judgment. This is distinct from "Gehenna," which is more closely associated with the concept of hell as a place of eternal punishment. The use of "Hades" here underscores the intermediate state of the rich man, emphasizing the reality of an afterlife where one's earthly actions have consequences.

where he was in torment
The Greek word for "torment" is "βασάνοις" (basanois), which conveys the idea of severe pain or distress. This term is often used in the New Testament to describe the suffering of those who are separated from God. The rich man's torment is a direct result of his earthly life, where he ignored the needs of others, particularly Lazarus. This serves as a sobering reminder of the eternal consequences of our actions and the importance of living a life in accordance with God's will.

he looked up
The act of looking up signifies a change in perspective. In his earthly life, the rich man was consumed with his own wealth and comfort, failing to see the needs of those around him. Now, in Hades, he is forced to confront the reality of his situation and the consequences of his actions. This moment of realization is a powerful illustration of the need for repentance and the importance of seeking God's perspective in our lives.

and saw Abraham from afar
Abraham is a central figure in Jewish history, representing the covenant relationship between God and His people. Seeing Abraham from afar highlights the rich man's separation from the blessings and promises of God. It also emphasizes the reversal of fortunes, as the rich man, who once enjoyed earthly wealth and status, is now distant from the spiritual inheritance that Abraham represents. This serves as a reminder of the eternal significance of our relationship with God.

with Lazarus by his side
Lazarus, whose name means "God has helped," is now in a place of honor and comfort, in stark contrast to his earthly life of suffering and poverty. Being by Abraham's side signifies his inclusion in the covenant blessings and the eternal comfort promised to those who trust in God. This reversal of roles underscores the theme of divine justice and the hope of eternal reward for those who remain faithful amidst earthly trials.

So he cried out
The Greek word for "cried out" is "φωνέω" (phonéō), which implies a loud call or shout, often from a place of desperation or urgent need. This reflects the rich man's intense suffering and his desperate plea for relief. In the context of the parable, this cry signifies the irreversible chasm between the choices made in life and their eternal consequences. It serves as a poignant reminder of the urgency of repentance and the need to heed God's call while there is still time.

Father Abraham
Addressing Abraham as "Father" indicates the rich man's Jewish heritage, as Abraham is considered the patriarch of the Israelites. This highlights the rich man's misplaced confidence in his lineage for salvation, rather than a personal relationship with God. It underscores the biblical truth that salvation is not based on ancestry or heritage but on faith and obedience to God.

have mercy on me
The plea for mercy, "ἐλεέω" (eleéō), is a request for compassion and relief from suffering. This reflects the rich man's recognition of his dire state and his need for grace. However, it is significant that this plea comes too late, illustrating the importance of seeking God's mercy during one's lifetime. Theologically, it emphasizes the concept of divine justice and the finality of judgment after death.

and send Lazarus
The request to send Lazarus indicates the rich man's continued perception of Lazarus as inferior, even in the afterlife. This reflects a lack of true repentance or understanding of the reversal of fortunes in God's kingdom. It serves as a critique of societal structures that devalue the poor and marginalized, reminding believers of the call to love and serve others selflessly.

to dip the tip of his finger in water
The imagery of dipping a finger in water to cool the tongue is a vivid depiction of the rich man's torment and his longing for even the slightest relief. Water, often symbolizing life and refreshment in Scripture, here contrasts with the rich man's spiritual barrenness and the eternal consequences of his earthly choices. It highlights the stark reality of hell as a place of unquenchable thirst and suffering.

and cool my tongue
The desire to cool his tongue underscores the physical and spiritual torment experienced by the rich man. In biblical symbolism, the tongue often represents speech and the heart's overflow. This detail may suggest the rich man's regret over his words and actions in life, emphasizing the importance of using one's speech to glorify God and edify others.

for I am in agony
The word "agony," from the Greek "ὀδυνάω" (odynáō), conveys intense pain and distress. This term captures the severity of the rich man's suffering in hell, serving as a sobering reminder of the reality of eternal separation from God. It calls believers to reflect on the gravity of sin and the urgency of sharing the gospel with others.

in this fire
Fire, in biblical literature, often symbolizes judgment and purification. Here, it represents the unending torment of hell, a place of separation from God's presence. This imagery serves as a warning of the consequences of rejecting God's offer of salvation. It challenges believers to live with an eternal perspective, prioritizing their relationship with God above all else.

But Abraham replied
This phrase introduces the response of Abraham, a central patriarchal figure in Jewish history, known for his faith and obedience to God. In the context of Luke 16, Abraham is depicted in a parable told by Jesus, serving as a figure of authority and wisdom. The Greek word for "replied" (ἀποκρίνομαι, apokrinomai) suggests a thoughtful and authoritative response. Abraham's role here underscores the importance of the patriarchs in Jewish tradition and highlights the continuity of God's covenantal promises from the Old Testament to the New Testament.

Son
The use of "Son" (τέκνον, teknon) is significant as it denotes a relationship, albeit a distant one, between Abraham and the rich man. It reflects a sense of kinship and shared heritage, reminding the audience of the Jewish identity and the privileges that come with being part of God's chosen people. However, it also serves as a poignant reminder that mere heritage is not sufficient for salvation.

remember that during your lifetime
The word "remember" (μνημόνευε, mnēmoneue) is a call to reflection and self-awareness. It implies accountability for one's actions and choices made during one's earthly life. The phrase "during your lifetime" emphasizes the temporal nature of earthly existence and the opportunities given to live in accordance with God's will. It serves as a reminder of the biblical teaching that life is a preparation for eternity.

you received your good things
This phrase highlights the temporal blessings and comforts that the rich man enjoyed. The Greek word for "received" (ἀπέλαβες, apelabes) suggests a full and complete reception, indicating that the rich man had already enjoyed his share of blessings. The "good things" refer to material wealth and pleasures, which, while not inherently evil, can become a stumbling block if they lead to neglect of spiritual responsibilities and compassion for others.

while Lazarus received bad things
In contrast, Lazarus, whose name means "God has helped," received "bad things" (κακὰ, kaka), referring to suffering and deprivation. This juxtaposition serves to highlight the reversal of fortunes in the afterlife, a common theme in Jesus' teachings. It underscores the biblical principle that earthly suffering can lead to spiritual growth and eternal reward, while earthly comfort can lead to spiritual complacency.

but now he is comforted here
The word "comforted" (παρακαλεῖται, parakaleitai) is rich in meaning, suggesting consolation, encouragement, and relief. It reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to comfort those who mourn and suffer in this life. The use of "now" indicates a present and ongoing state, emphasizing the eternal nature of the comfort and joy experienced in the presence of God.

and you are in agony
The term "agony" (ὀδυνᾶσαι, odynasai) conveys intense pain and suffering, both physical and emotional. This stark contrast with Lazarus' comfort serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of a life lived without regard for God's commandments and the needs of others. It reflects the biblical teaching on the reality of judgment and the eternal separation from God that results from a life of unrepentant sin.

And besides all this
This phrase serves as a transition, indicating that what follows is a continuation or an addition to the previous statements. In the context of the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, it underscores the finality and seriousness of the situation. The Greek word "πλὴν" (plen) is often used to denote a strong contrast or an exception, emphasizing that despite any previous arguments or desires, the following truth remains unchangeable.

a great chasm
The term "chasm" comes from the Greek "χάσμα" (chasma), which refers to a deep, impassable gulf or void. This imagery is powerful, symbolizing the irreversible separation between the righteous and the unrighteous after death. Historically, this concept reflects Jewish beliefs about the afterlife, where a clear division exists between the abode of the blessed and the damned. The "great chasm" signifies the absolute and eternal nature of this separation, reinforcing the urgency of repentance and faith in this life.

has been fixed
The Greek verb "ἐστήρικται" (estēriktai) is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing results. This suggests that the chasm is not only established but remains permanently so. Theologically, this speaks to the unchangeable nature of God's judgment and the finality of one's eternal destiny once life on earth is over. It serves as a sobering reminder of the importance of making decisions for Christ while there is still time.

between us and you
This phrase highlights the relational aspect of the separation. "Us" refers to those in Abraham's bosom, representing the saved, while "you" refers to the rich man in Hades, representing the unsaved. The use of personal pronouns emphasizes the personal nature of salvation and judgment. It is not merely a matter of location but of relationship with God, underscoring the personal choice each individual must make regarding their faith.

so that those who want to cross from here to you cannot
The desire to cross indicates a recognition of the better state of those in Abraham's bosom. However, the impossibility of crossing underscores the permanence of one's eternal state after death. The Greek word "δύνανται" (dunantai) means "are able," highlighting the lack of ability or power to change one's eternal destiny after death. This serves as a warning to heed the call to salvation now, as there will be no opportunity to alter one's fate after death.

nor can anyone cross from there to us
This reinforces the idea of the fixed and unchangeable nature of the afterlife's separation. The repetition of the impossibility of crossing from either side emphasizes the finality of God's judgment. It also serves as a comfort to believers, assuring them that once they are in the presence of God, they are secure and will not be subjected to the torments of the unrighteous. This dual impossibility highlights the justice and mercy of God, who honors the choices made in life and provides eternal security for those who trust in Him.

Then he said
This phrase introduces a continuation of a dialogue, specifically from the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. The rich man, now in Hades, is speaking. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is often used in the New Testament to denote a declaration or a request. This sets the stage for a plea, highlighting the desperation and urgency in the rich man's voice. In the context of the parable, it underscores the irreversible nature of his situation and the earnestness of his appeal.

I beg you
The Greek word for "beg" is "ἐρωτῶ" (erotō), which conveys a sense of earnest pleading or entreaty. This is not a casual request but a heartfelt plea. The rich man, who once lived in luxury, is now reduced to begging, illustrating a dramatic reversal of fortunes. This phrase emphasizes the theme of humility and the recognition of one's helplessness in the afterlife, a powerful reminder of the eternal consequences of earthly actions.

father
The term "father" here refers to Abraham, a central figure in Jewish tradition and the father of the Israelite nation. The rich man addresses Abraham with respect, acknowledging his authority and significance. This highlights the rich man's Jewish heritage and his reliance on Abraham's intercessory role. It also reflects the cultural and religious context of the time, where lineage and ancestry were of utmost importance.

send Lazarus
The request to "send Lazarus" indicates the rich man's continued perception of Lazarus as a servant or subordinate, even in the afterlife. The Greek word "πέμψον" (pempson) means "to send," suggesting a command or directive. This reflects the rich man's unchanged attitude towards Lazarus, despite their reversed circumstances. It serves as a critique of societal hierarchies and the failure to recognize the inherent dignity of every individual.

to my father's house
The phrase "to my father's house" reveals the rich man's concern for his family, specifically his brothers who are still alive. The Greek word "οἶκος" (oikos) means "house" or "household," indicating not just a physical dwelling but also the family unit. This concern for his family highlights a sense of responsibility and the desire to prevent them from sharing his fate. It underscores the importance of repentance and the urgency of heeding the warnings of Scripture while there is still time.

for I have five brothers
This phrase highlights the rich man's concern for his family, indicating a sense of responsibility and familial love even in his state of torment. The number "five" may not have specific symbolic significance, but it emphasizes the personal and urgent nature of his plea. In the Greek, "brothers" (ἀδελφοί, adelphoi) can refer to both literal siblings and broader kinship, underscoring the importance of family ties in Jewish culture. Historically, family was central to Jewish identity and social structure, and this plea reflects a deep-seated desire to protect one's kin from spiritual peril.

Let him warn them
The rich man requests that Lazarus be sent to warn his brothers, demonstrating his belief in the possibility of repentance and change. The Greek word for "warn" (διαμαρτύρομαι, diamarturomai) implies a solemn testimony or earnest exhortation. This reflects the urgency and seriousness of the message he wishes to convey. Theologically, this highlights the importance of heeding divine warnings and the role of testimony in leading others to repentance. It also underscores the rich man's understanding that his brothers need a clear and compelling message to avoid his fate.

so they will not also end up
This phrase indicates the rich man's desire to prevent his brothers from sharing his fate. The Greek verb "end up" (ἔρχομαι, erchomai) is often used to describe coming or going, suggesting a journey or progression towards a destination. In this context, it implies a movement towards a final, undesirable outcome. This reflects the biblical teaching that one's choices and actions in life have eternal consequences, and it serves as a sobering reminder of the reality of judgment.

in this place of torment
The "place of torment" refers to Hades, a temporary abode of the dead in Jewish thought, where the unrighteous experience suffering. The Greek word for "torment" (βασανός, basanos) originally referred to a touchstone used for testing metals, but it came to mean severe pain or distress. This imagery conveys the intense suffering and regret experienced by those who reject God's ways. From a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the reality of hell as a place of conscious torment and the urgent need for repentance and faith in Christ to avoid such a fate. Theologically, it serves as a powerful motivator for evangelism and living a life aligned with God's will.

But Abraham replied, 'They have Moses and the Prophets; let them listen to them.'
But Abraham replied
In this passage, Abraham is depicted as a figure of authority and wisdom, representing the patriarchal faith and the covenantal promises of God. The Greek word for "replied" (ἀποκρίνομαι, apokrinomai) suggests a response that is thoughtful and authoritative. Abraham's role here is significant as he embodies the voice of reason and divine truth, emphasizing the importance of adhering to God's revealed word.

They have Moses and the Prophets
This phrase underscores the sufficiency and authority of the Scriptures available at the time, which included the Law (Moses) and the Prophets. "Moses" refers to the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible, which lay the foundation for Jewish law and theology. "The Prophets" encompass the writings of the major and minor prophets, who called Israel back to faithfulness and foretold the coming of the Messiah. The phrase highlights the continuity and completeness of God's revelation through these texts, which were well-respected and authoritative in Jewish tradition.

let them listen to them
The Greek word for "listen" (ἀκούω, akouō) implies more than just hearing; it suggests understanding, heeding, and obeying. This call to listen is a call to action, urging individuals to not only hear the words of Scripture but to let those words transform their lives. The historical context here is crucial, as Jesus is addressing the Pharisees and religious leaders who prided themselves on their knowledge of the Scriptures but often failed to live by their teachings. This phrase serves as a reminder of the power and necessity of Scripture in guiding one's life and faith.

No, father Abraham
This phrase is a direct response from the rich man in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. The use of "No" indicates a strong objection or disagreement. In the Greek, the word used is "οὐχί" (ouchi), which is an emphatic form of "no," suggesting a deep sense of urgency and desperation. The rich man addresses Abraham as "father," which reflects his Jewish heritage and the common belief that being a descendant of Abraham was a source of spiritual security. This highlights the rich man's reliance on his lineage rather than his personal faith and actions.

he said
The phrase "he said" is a simple narrative device, but it is significant in the context of the parable. It indicates the rich man's continued dialogue with Abraham, showing his persistence in seeking a solution to his predicament. This persistence can be seen as a reflection of human nature's tendency to seek last-minute solutions to spiritual problems, even when it is too late.

but if someone is sent to them from the dead
Here, the rich man suggests that a miraculous event, such as someone rising from the dead, would be a more effective means of convincing his brothers to repent. The Greek word for "sent" is "ἀποσταλείς" (apostaleis), which is related to the word "apostle," meaning one who is sent with a message. This reflects the rich man's belief that a supernatural sign would carry more weight than the Scriptures. Historically, this reflects the Jewish expectation of signs and wonders as validation of divine messages.

they will repent
The rich man concludes with the assertion that such a miraculous event would lead his brothers to repentance. The Greek word for "repent" is "μετανοήσουσιν" (metanoēsousin), which means to change one's mind or to turn around. This highlights the rich man's understanding of repentance as a necessary step for salvation. However, the context of the parable suggests a critique of this belief, emphasizing that true repentance comes from hearing and obeying God's word, not merely witnessing miracles.

But Abraham replied
This phrase introduces the response of Abraham, a central patriarchal figure in Jewish history, symbolizing faith and obedience to God. In the context of the parable, Abraham represents the voice of divine wisdom and authority. The Greek word for "replied" (ἀποκρίνομαι, apokrinomai) suggests a thoughtful and authoritative response, emphasizing the weight of Abraham's words. Historically, Abraham is revered as the father of many nations, and his presence in this parable underscores the continuity of God's covenantal promises from the Old Testament to the New Testament.

If they do not listen
The phrase highlights the importance of heeding divine revelation. The Greek word for "listen" (ἀκούω, akouō) implies not just hearing but understanding and obeying. This reflects a recurring biblical theme: the call to listen to God's word with an open heart. The historical context here is the Jewish tradition of oral teaching, where listening was a primary means of learning and spiritual growth.

to Moses and the prophets
This phrase refers to the Law and the Prophets, which constitute the Hebrew Scriptures, or the Old Testament. Moses, as the lawgiver, and the prophets, as God's messengers, represent the foundation of Jewish faith and practice. The Greek text emphasizes the continuity and sufficiency of these scriptures in revealing God's will. Historically, Moses and the prophets were seen as authoritative voices, and their writings were central to Jewish religious life.

they will not be persuaded
The Greek word for "persuaded" (πείθω, peithō) suggests being convinced or brought to belief. This phrase underscores the hardness of heart that can prevent individuals from accepting truth, even when it is plainly presented. In a historical context, this reflects the resistance Jesus often encountered from religious leaders who were unwilling to accept His teachings despite the evidence of His miracles.

even if someone rises from the dead
This phrase is prophetic, foreshadowing Jesus' own resurrection. The Greek word for "rises" (ἀνίστημι, anistēmi) is often used in the New Testament to describe resurrection. The historical and scriptural context here is profound, as Jesus' resurrection is the cornerstone of Christian faith. Despite this miraculous event, many still refused to believe, illustrating the parable's message about the necessity of faith and the sufficiency of the Scriptures.