After a long time
This phrase sets the stage for a significant passage of time, emphasizing the duration of the drought that had plagued Israel. The Hebrew word used here, "רַב" (rav), conveys a sense of abundance or multitude, indicating that the period was not just lengthy but filled with hardship and anticipation. This time of waiting serves as a test of faith for both Elijah and the people of Israel, reminding us that God's timing is perfect, even when it seems delayed.

in the third year
The specification of "the third year" is crucial, as it ties back to the prophecy given by Elijah in 1 Kings 17:1, where he declared that there would be no rain except at his word. The Hebrew term "שָׁנָה" (shanah) for "year" underscores the cyclical nature of time in the Hebrew calendar, which is based on agricultural cycles. This period of drought was a direct consequence of Israel's idolatry, serving as a divine judgment meant to bring the nation to repentance.

the word of the LORD
This phrase is central to the prophetic tradition in the Old Testament. The Hebrew "דְּבַר־יְהוָה" (devar-YHWH) signifies not just spoken words but the active, living communication of God. It highlights the authority and power of God's message, which is not merely informative but transformative. The "word of the LORD" coming to Elijah signifies divine intervention and guidance, reminding believers of the importance of heeding God's voice in their lives.

came to Elijah
Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," is a pivotal figure in this narrative. The Hebrew verb "בּוֹא" (bo) for "came" suggests an arrival or entrance, indicating that God's message is entering into Elijah's life with purpose and direction. Elijah's role as a prophet is to be the mouthpiece of God, and this divine encounter underscores his obedience and faithfulness in delivering God's message to a rebellious nation.

Go and present yourself to Ahab
This command is both a directive and a test of courage for Elijah. The Hebrew verb "לֵךְ" (lekh) for "go" is an imperative, calling Elijah to action. Presenting himself to Ahab, the king of Israel, who had led the nation into idolatry, required boldness and trust in God's protection. This encounter is a confrontation between the true God and the false gods of Baal, setting the stage for a dramatic demonstration of God's power.

and I will send rain
The promise of rain is a sign of God's mercy and faithfulness. The Hebrew verb "נָתַן" (natan) for "send" conveys the idea of giving or bestowing, indicating that rain is a gift from God, a symbol of His grace and provision. This promise is contingent upon Elijah's obedience and the people's repentance, illustrating the conditional nature of God's blessings in response to human actions.

upon the face of the earth
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's provision. The Hebrew "פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה" (penei ha'adamah) for "face of the earth" suggests a renewal and restoration of the land, which had suffered under the drought. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over creation and His ability to restore and sustain life. This promise of rain is not just a physical blessing but a spiritual renewal for the nation of Israel, calling them back to faithfulness and dependence on God.

So Elijah went
The phrase "So Elijah went" signifies obedience and action. Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," is a prophet who acts in accordance with God's command. This phrase highlights the importance of obedience to God's will, a central theme in the life of Elijah. His willingness to go, despite the potential danger, underscores his faith and trust in God. In the Hebrew context, the verb "went" (הלך, halak) often implies a journey with purpose, reflecting Elijah's mission to confront Ahab and challenge the idolatry in Israel.

to present himself
The act of presenting oneself, especially in a biblical context, often involves a formal appearance before someone of authority. Here, Elijah is preparing to confront King Ahab, a ruler who has led Israel into idolatry. The Hebrew root for "present" (ראה, ra'ah) can also mean "to see" or "to appear," suggesting that Elijah is not only physically appearing before Ahab but is also making himself visible as a representative of God's truth. This act of presentation is a bold declaration of his prophetic authority and God's sovereignty.

to Ahab
Ahab, the king of Israel, is a significant figure in the narrative of 1 Kings. Known for his marriage to Jezebel and the promotion of Baal worship, Ahab represents the spiritual decline of Israel. The mention of Ahab here sets the stage for the confrontation between the forces of idolatry and the true worship of Yahweh. Historically, Ahab's reign is marked by political strength but spiritual weakness, making Elijah's mission critical for the restoration of Israel's covenant relationship with God.

The famine was severe
The severity of the famine is a direct consequence of Israel's disobedience and idolatry. In the ancient Near Eastern context, famine was often seen as a divine judgment. The Hebrew word for "severe" (חזק, chazaq) implies strength or intensity, indicating that the famine was not only widespread but also devastating. This serves as a backdrop for Elijah's mission, emphasizing the urgent need for repentance and the return to Yahweh.

in Samaria
Samaria, the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, is the epicenter of Ahab's rule and the idolatrous practices he has instituted. The mention of Samaria highlights the geographical and spiritual heart of the nation's apostasy. Archaeologically, Samaria was a significant city, known for its fortifications and as a center of political power. The famine's impact on Samaria underscores the depth of the crisis facing Israel and the need for divine intervention through Elijah's prophetic ministry.

And Ahab summoned Obadiah
The name "Ahab" is derived from the Hebrew "אַחְאָב" (Ach'av), meaning "brother of the father." Ahab was the seventh king of Israel, known for his idolatry and marriage to Jezebel, which led Israel into sin. His summoning of Obadiah indicates a moment of political or administrative importance, as Obadiah held a significant position. The act of summoning suggests authority and urgency, reflecting the dire circumstances of the drought in Israel.

who was in charge of the palace
The phrase "in charge of the palace" indicates a high-ranking official, akin to a chief steward or governor. In Hebrew, the term used is "עַל־הַבַּיִת" (al-habayit), which denotes a position of great responsibility and trust. Obadiah's role would have involved managing the king's household and affairs, highlighting his influence and the trust Ahab placed in him despite their differing spiritual allegiances.

(Now Obadiah greatly feared the LORD
The name "Obadiah" means "servant of Yahweh" in Hebrew, "עֹבַדְיָה" (Ovadyah). This name is fitting, as the text emphasizes his reverence for God. The phrase "greatly feared the LORD" underscores a deep, abiding respect and awe for Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. This fear is not terror but a profound reverence and commitment to God's commandments, setting Obadiah apart in a corrupt and idolatrous environment. His fear of the LORD would have guided his actions and decisions, even within the pagan court of Ahab, illustrating the possibility of maintaining faithfulness amidst adversity.

Jezebel had slaughtered
The name "Jezebel" is synonymous with idolatry and persecution of God's people. Historically, Jezebel was a Phoenician princess who married King Ahab of Israel, bringing with her the worship of Baal. The Hebrew root for "slaughtered" (טָבַח, tabach) implies a ruthless and deliberate act of killing. This highlights the severity of Jezebel's actions against the prophets, reflecting her deep-seated animosity towards the worship of Yahweh and her determination to eradicate His influence in Israel.

the prophets of the LORD
The "prophets of the LORD" were those who spoke on behalf of Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. In a time when Israel was steeped in idolatry, these prophets were the remnant who remained faithful to God's commandments. The Hebrew term for "prophet" (נָבִיא, nabi) signifies one who is called or appointed to proclaim God's message. Their slaughter underscores the spiritual battle between the worship of Yahweh and the pagan practices introduced by Jezebel.

Obadiah had taken
Obadiah, whose name means "servant of Yahweh," is portrayed as a man of great courage and faith. Despite serving in Ahab's court, he remained loyal to God. The act of "taking" (לָקַח, laqach) the prophets indicates a deliberate and risky decision to protect them, showcasing his commitment to preserving the true worship of God amidst widespread apostasy.

a hundred prophets
The number "hundred" signifies completeness and sufficiency in biblical numerology. Obadiah's protection of "a hundred prophets" suggests a significant effort to preserve a remnant of God's messengers. This act of preservation is a testament to God's sovereignty and His ability to sustain His people even in the darkest times.

hidden them
The act of hiding (חָבָא, chaba) the prophets reflects a strategic and protective measure taken by Obadiah. In the context of persecution, hiding was necessary for survival. This action symbolizes God's providential care and the idea that He often works through human agents to accomplish His purposes.

fifty men to a cave
The division of the prophets into groups of "fifty" and placing them in a "cave" (מְעָרָה, me'arah) suggests a methodical approach to their protection. Caves were natural places of refuge and concealment in ancient Israel. This imagery evokes the idea of God as a refuge and fortress for His people, providing safety and shelter in times of trouble.

provided them with food and water
The provision of "food and water" (לֶחֶם וּמַיִם, lechem u'mayim) by Obadiah is a practical demonstration of God's care and sustenance. In a time of drought and famine, this provision is miraculous and underscores the theme of divine provision. It serves as a reminder that God meets the needs of His faithful servants, even when resources are scarce.

Then Ahab said to Obadiah
This phrase introduces two significant figures: Ahab, the king of Israel, and Obadiah, his servant. Ahab, known for his idolatry and marriage to Jezebel, represents a leadership that has turned away from God. Obadiah, whose name means "servant of Yahweh," is a devout believer working within a corrupt system. This juxtaposition highlights the tension between faithfulness to God and the pressures of worldly authority. Historically, Obadiah's role as a steward in Ahab's court suggests a position of influence, yet also of great personal risk, as he secretly protected the prophets of the Lord.

Go throughout the land
Ahab's command to search the land underscores the severity of the drought in Israel, a divine judgment pronounced by Elijah. The Hebrew root for "go" (הלך, halak) implies a thorough and determined search, reflecting the desperation of the situation. This phrase also serves as a reminder of the land's covenantal significance to Israel, a land promised by God but now suffering due to the nation's unfaithfulness.

to every spring and valley
The mention of "spring" (עין, ayin) and "valley" (נחל, nachal) indicates a search for water sources, vital for survival. Springs and valleys were often places of life and sustenance in the arid climate of Israel. Archaeologically, these locations were crucial for ancient settlements, and their mention here highlights the dire need for resources. Spiritually, this search can be seen as a metaphor for seeking God's provision in times of spiritual drought.

Perhaps we will find grass
The word "perhaps" (אולי, ulay) conveys uncertainty and hope amidst desperation. Grass (חציר, chatsir) is a symbol of basic sustenance for livestock, and its scarcity reflects the broader crisis facing the nation. This phrase captures the human tendency to rely on natural solutions in times of crisis, often neglecting the need for spiritual repentance and reliance on God.

to keep the horses and mules alive
Horses and mules were essential for transportation and military strength in ancient Israel. Their survival was crucial for maintaining the kingdom's power and stability. This focus on preserving animals over addressing the spiritual cause of the drought reveals Ahab's misplaced priorities. Historically, this reflects the broader theme of Israel's reliance on military might rather than divine protection.

so that we will not have to destroy any livestock
The potential destruction of livestock (בהמה, behemah) signifies a significant economic and social loss. In the ancient Near East, livestock were a measure of wealth and prosperity. This phrase underscores the severity of the drought's impact on daily life. Spiritually, it serves as a call to consider the consequences of turning away from God, as material loss often accompanies spiritual decline.

So they divided the land between them to cover it
This phrase indicates a strategic and practical approach to a dire situation. The Hebrew root for "divided" is "חָלַק" (chalak), which implies a deliberate and thoughtful allocation. In the context of ancient Israel, land was not just a physical space but a divine inheritance, a gift from God to His people. The division here is not for ownership but for the purpose of searching for resources, specifically water and pasture, during a severe drought. This reflects the desperate measures taken by Ahab and Obadiah to sustain life amidst God's judgment on the land due to Israel's idolatry. The act of dividing the land underscores the severity of the crisis and the need for cooperation, even between a godly man like Obadiah and a wayward king like Ahab.

Ahab went one way by himself
Ahab, the king of Israel, is depicted as taking personal responsibility in this search. The phrase "by himself" highlights his isolation, both physically and spiritually. Ahab's reign was marked by his marriage to Jezebel and the introduction of Baal worship, which led Israel away from the worship of Yahweh. His solitary journey can be seen as symbolic of his spiritual state—separated from God and reliant on his own strength and wisdom. Historically, kings would often delegate such tasks, but Ahab's involvement indicates the gravity of the situation. It also reflects the biblical theme of leadership accountability, where leaders are called to be shepherds of their people, though Ahab's shepherding is flawed by his idolatry.

and Obadiah went another way by himself
Obadiah, whose name means "servant of Yahweh," is a stark contrast to Ahab. He is described earlier in the chapter as a devout believer who feared the Lord greatly. His journey "by himself" signifies his personal commitment to God amidst a corrupt society. Obadiah's role in Ahab's court is significant; he is a man of integrity serving under a king who has led Israel astray. This highlights the biblical principle that God places His people in strategic positions to influence and preserve His purposes. Obadiah's solitary path also suggests his reliance on God rather than human alliances, embodying the call for believers to walk faithfully even when isolated in their convictions. His presence in the narrative serves as a reminder of God's remnant, those who remain faithful despite widespread apostasy.

As Obadiah was walking along
The phrase "As Obadiah was walking along" sets the scene for a divine encounter. Obadiah, whose name means "servant of Yahweh" in Hebrew, is depicted as a faithful servant of God, even while serving in the court of the wicked King Ahab. His walk symbolizes his journey of faith amidst a corrupt environment. Historically, Obadiah's role as a steward in Ahab's palace highlights the presence of God's faithful even in places of darkness, reminding us that God places His people strategically for His purposes.

Elijah met him
The meeting between Elijah and Obadiah is significant. Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," is a prophet known for his boldness and miraculous acts. This encounter is orchestrated by God, emphasizing divine timing and purpose. Elijah's presence signifies the power and authority of God confronting the idolatry in Israel. In a broader scriptural context, Elijah represents the voice of God calling His people back to righteousness.

Obadiah recognized him
The recognition of Elijah by Obadiah is immediate and profound. This recognition is not just physical but spiritual, acknowledging Elijah's role as a prophet of the Most High. In the Hebrew context, recognition often implies understanding and respect. Obadiah's ability to recognize Elijah amidst the apostasy of Israel speaks to his spiritual discernment and faithfulness.

bowed facedown
The act of bowing facedown is a gesture of deep respect and submission. In ancient Near Eastern culture, bowing was a common way to show honor to someone of higher status. Obadiah's action reflects his reverence for Elijah as a man of God. This posture of humility is a powerful reminder of the proper response to God's authority and those He appoints to lead His people.

and said, 'Is it you, my lord Elijah?'
Obadiah's question, "Is it you, my lord Elijah?" reveals a mixture of surprise, respect, and perhaps a bit of fear. The term "my lord" indicates a recognition of Elijah's authority and prophetic office. In the Hebrew tradition, addressing someone as "lord" was a sign of respect and acknowledgment of their God-given role. This encounter underscores the reverence due to God's messengers and the awe that accompanies divine appointments.

I am he
This phrase is a declaration of identity and presence. In the Hebrew context, the phrase "I am" (Hebrew: אֲנִי הוּא, 'ani hu') is significant, often used by God Himself in declarations of His eternal presence and authority (e.g., Isaiah 41:4). Here, Elijah uses it to assert his identity and mission. Elijah's confidence in his identity as a prophet of God is a reminder of the importance of knowing who we are in Christ and standing firm in our God-given purpose.

he replied
The act of replying indicates a response to a previous interaction. In the narrative, Elijah is responding to Obadiah, a faithful servant of King Ahab who fears for his life due to the king's hostility towards prophets. Elijah's reply is not just a response but a command, showing his authority and the urgency of his mission. This interaction highlights the courage required to speak God's truth in the face of opposition.

Go, tell your master
The instruction to "go" is a call to action. Elijah commands Obadiah to deliver a message to King Ahab, despite the potential danger. The word "master" (Hebrew: אֲדוֹן, 'adon') reflects the hierarchical structure of authority in ancient Israel. Obadiah's obedience to Elijah's command, despite his fear, exemplifies the call to serve God above earthly authorities, trusting in His protection and provision.

'Elijah is here!'
The proclamation "Elijah is here" is a bold declaration of the prophet's presence and readiness to confront Ahab. Elijah's name means "My God is Yahweh," which in itself is a testament to his mission and message. This statement is not just about physical presence but signifies the arrival of God's word and power. In a time of rampant idolatry, Elijah's presence is a beacon of God's truth and a call to repentance. This phrase challenges believers to be present and active in their faith, bringing God's light into the darkness of the world.

But Obadiah said
The introduction of Obadiah in this narrative is significant. Obadiah, whose name means "servant of Yahweh" in Hebrew, is a figure of faithfulness amidst a corrupt regime. His position as a steward in Ahab's house places him in a precarious situation, balancing his duties to the king and his devotion to God. This phrase sets the stage for a dialogue that reveals the tension between his loyalty to God and his fear of Ahab.

What sin have I committed
Obadiah's question reflects a deep concern for justice and righteousness. In the Hebrew context, sin is often associated with missing the mark or failing to live up to God's standards. Obadiah's rhetorical question underscores his innocence and his bewilderment at being placed in a situation that could lead to his death. It highlights the moral and ethical dilemmas faced by believers living under ungodly leadership.

that you are handing your servant over
The phrase "handing your servant over" conveys a sense of betrayal and vulnerability. In the ancient Near Eastern context, being handed over often implied being delivered into the hands of an enemy. Obadiah's use of "your servant" emphasizes his humility and his subordinate position, both to Elijah and to God. It reflects his fear of being unjustly sacrificed for a cause he supports but cannot control.

to Ahab
Ahab, the king of Israel, is depicted in the Bible as a ruler who led the nation into idolatry, primarily through his marriage to Jezebel and the promotion of Baal worship. His name is synonymous with apostasy and rebellion against God. Obadiah's fear of Ahab is well-founded, as Ahab's reign was marked by persecution of the prophets and those faithful to Yahweh.

to put me to death
The fear of death is a powerful motivator in this narrative. Obadiah's concern for his life is not just personal but also reflects the broader persecution of God's prophets during Ahab's reign. The phrase underscores the high stakes of prophetic ministry in a hostile environment. It serves as a reminder of the cost of discipleship and the courage required to stand for truth in the face of danger.

As surely as the LORD your God lives
This phrase is a solemn oath, invoking the living God as a witness to the truth of the statement. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. The phrase underscores the seriousness and sincerity of the speaker, Obadiah, who is addressing Elijah. It reflects the deep reverence and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and existence, a common practice in ancient Israel to affirm truthfulness.

there is no nation or kingdom
This highlights the extensive search conducted by King Ahab to find Elijah. The phrase suggests a comprehensive and exhaustive effort, indicating the widespread influence and power of Ahab's reign. Historically, this reflects the political landscape of the time, where Israel had interactions with various neighboring nations and kingdoms. It underscores the desperation and determination of Ahab to locate Elijah, who had pronounced a drought upon the land.

where my master has not sent someone to look for you
The term "my master" refers to King Ahab, underlining Obadiah's position as a servant or official in Ahab's court. The phrase indicates the lengths to which Ahab went to find Elijah, sending emissaries to various regions. This reflects the urgency and importance of Elijah's presence, as he was seen as the key to ending the drought. It also highlights the tension between Ahab and Elijah, with Ahab viewing Elijah as a troubler of Israel.

and when they said, ‘He is not here,’
This part of the verse shows the repeated failure of Ahab's search efforts. The phrase "He is not here" indicates the elusiveness of Elijah, who was being protected by God. It also suggests the futility of human efforts against divine will, as Elijah remained hidden until God's appointed time. This can be seen as a testament to God's providence and protection over His prophets.

he made that kingdom or nation swear
The act of making a kingdom or nation swear is a formal and binding agreement, often invoking a deity as a witness. This reflects the seriousness with which Ahab pursued Elijah, ensuring that no deception was involved in the reports he received. It also illustrates the diplomatic relations and the respect for oaths in the ancient Near Eastern culture, where breaking an oath could have severe consequences.

that they had not found you
This final phrase emphasizes the thoroughness of the search and the accountability demanded by Ahab. It underscores the fear and respect that Elijah commanded, as well as the desperation of Ahab to control the situation. The inability to find Elijah despite such efforts highlights the divine protection over Elijah and the futility of opposing God's plans. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the ultimate futility of human efforts against His will.

And now
This phrase indicates a transition or a pivotal moment in the narrative. In the context of 1 Kings 18, Elijah is speaking to Obadiah, a servant of King Ahab. The phrase suggests urgency and immediacy, highlighting the critical nature of Elijah's mission. Historically, this moment is set during a time of severe drought in Israel, a divine judgment due to the nation's idolatry. The urgency reflects the dire circumstances and the need for a prophetic confrontation with Ahab.

you say
The directive "you say" places responsibility on Obadiah to deliver a message. In Hebrew, the verb "say" (אָמַר, 'amar) often conveys not just speech but the authority and weight behind the words. Obadiah, a devout believer in Yahweh, is caught between his loyalty to God and his duty to Ahab. This phrase underscores the tension and the courage required to speak truth to power, a recurring theme in the prophetic tradition.

Go, tell your master
The command "Go, tell your master" is a direct instruction from Elijah to Obadiah. The Hebrew verb for "go" (הָלַךְ, halak) implies movement with purpose. Obadiah is tasked with informing King Ahab, a ruler who has led Israel into Baal worship. The term "master" (אָדוֹן, adon) reflects the hierarchical relationship and the political dynamics at play. This phrase highlights the prophetic role of being a messenger of God, often requiring boldness to confront earthly authorities.

that Elijah is here!
The declaration "that Elijah is here!" is profound. Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," stands as a solitary figure of faithfulness amidst widespread apostasy. The presence of Elijah signifies the presence of God's word and power. In the historical context, Elijah's appearance is a direct challenge to the false prophets of Baal and a call to repentance for Israel. This phrase encapsulates the essence of prophetic ministry: to declare God's truth and presence in a world that often rejects it.

But when I leave you
This phrase indicates a moment of transition and uncertainty. The Hebrew root for "leave" is "ʿāzab," which can mean to forsake or abandon. In the context of ancient Israel, leaving someone could imply a breach of trust or a moment of vulnerability. The speaker, Obadiah, is expressing his concern about the unpredictability of the situation, highlighting the tension between human plans and divine intervention.

the Spirit of the LORD
The "Spirit of the LORD" refers to the divine presence and power of God, often associated with guidance, prophecy, and miraculous acts. In Hebrew, "ruach" (spirit) conveys a sense of breath or wind, symbolizing life and movement. The Spirit's ability to "carry" someone suggests God's sovereign control over physical and spiritual realms, emphasizing His omnipotence and the mysterious ways He accomplishes His purposes.

may carry you off
The phrase "carry you off" implies a sudden and supernatural relocation. The Hebrew verb "nāśā'" means to lift, bear, or carry away. This reflects the biblical theme of God's intervention in human affairs, where He can transport His servants to fulfill His will, as seen in other scriptural accounts like Elijah's later ascension (2 Kings 2:11).

to some place I do not know
This expression underscores human limitation and the unknown nature of God's plans. The Hebrew word for "place" is "māqôm," which can refer to a physical location or a metaphorical space of divine purpose. Obadiah's admission of not knowing highlights the faith required to trust in God's unseen and often incomprehensible plans.

Then when I go and tell Ahab
Obadiah's role as a messenger to King Ahab places him in a precarious position. The act of "telling" or reporting is crucial in the ancient Near Eastern context, where messengers bore the weight of their words. The Hebrew verb "nāgad" implies making something known, and Obadiah's duty to inform Ahab reflects the tension between serving a wicked king and remaining faithful to God.

and he cannot find you
The inability to "find" Elijah would lead to dire consequences for Obadiah. The Hebrew verb "māṣā'" means to discover or encounter, and its use here highlights the potential failure of human efforts against divine concealment. This reflects the biblical theme of God's protection over His prophets, often hiding them from harm.

he will kill me
The fear of death is a real and present danger for Obadiah. The Hebrew verb "hārag" means to slay or destroy, and it conveys the severity of Ahab's potential wrath. This phrase illustrates the cost of discipleship and the risks faced by those who serve God in hostile environments.

Yet I, your servant
Obadiah's self-identification as a "servant" reflects humility and dedication. The Hebrew word "ʿebed" denotes a bondservant or one who is devoted to another's service. This highlights the biblical principle of servanthood, where true greatness is found in serving God and others.

have feared the LORD from my youth
The "fear of the LORD" is a foundational biblical concept, representing reverence, awe, and obedience to God. The Hebrew word "yārē'" conveys a deep respect and acknowledgment of God's authority. Obadiah's lifelong devotion, starting from his "youth," emphasizes the importance of nurturing faith from an early age and remaining steadfast in one's commitment to God throughout life.

Was it not reported to my lord
This phrase indicates a plea for recognition and understanding. The speaker, Obadiah, is addressing Elijah, reminding him of his past actions. The Hebrew root for "reported" is "נָגַד" (nagad), which means to declare or make known. This suggests that Obadiah's actions were significant enough to be communicated widely, emphasizing the importance of his deeds in the eyes of God and man.

what I did
Obadiah is referring to his courageous actions during a time of great peril. The phrase underscores personal responsibility and initiative. In the Hebrew context, actions are often seen as reflections of faith. Obadiah's deeds were not just acts of survival but acts of faithfulness to God, demonstrating his commitment to preserving the prophetic voice in Israel.

when Jezebel slaughtered the prophets of the LORD
This phrase sets the historical and spiritual backdrop of the narrative. Jezebel, a Phoenician princess and wife of King Ahab, was notorious for her idolatry and persecution of Yahweh's prophets. The Hebrew word for "slaughtered" is "הָרַג" (harag), indicating a violent and deliberate act of murder. This highlights the severity of the threat against the prophets and the darkness of the times in which Obadiah acted.

I hid a hundred of the LORD’s prophets
Obadiah's action of hiding the prophets is a testament to his bravery and faith. The Hebrew word for "hid" is "חָבָא" (chaba), meaning to conceal or protect. This act of hiding was not just a physical concealment but a spiritual preservation of God's word and presence in Israel. The number "hundred" signifies completeness and sufficiency, indicating that Obadiah's efforts were thorough and effective.

fifty men to a cave
The division of the prophets into groups of fifty suggests strategic planning and care. Caves in ancient Israel were natural hiding places, often used for refuge. The use of caves symbolizes God's protection and provision in times of distress, reminiscent of David's refuge in the caves while fleeing from Saul.

and I provided them with food and water
This phrase highlights Obadiah's ongoing commitment and resourcefulness. The provision of "food and water" signifies sustenance and life, essential for survival. In the Hebrew tradition, providing for others is a profound act of hospitality and care, reflecting God's provision for His people. Obadiah's actions mirror God's faithfulness, ensuring the survival of His prophets during a time of spiritual famine.

And now you say
This phrase indicates a moment of urgency and immediacy. The Hebrew word for "now" (וְעַתָּה, ve'atah) often signifies a turning point or a critical moment in biblical narratives. Here, it underscores the tension and the gravity of the situation. The speaker, Obadiah, is expressing a sense of incredulity and fear, highlighting the perilous nature of the task he is being asked to undertake.

‘Go tell your lord
The term "lord" (אֲדֹנֶיךָ, adoneikha) refers to King Ahab, a ruler known for his apostasy and promotion of Baal worship in Israel. This phrase reflects the hierarchical structure of ancient Near Eastern societies, where loyalty to one's sovereign was paramount. Obadiah, a devout follower of Yahweh, is caught in a moral and spiritual conflict, serving a king who opposes his faith.

that Elijah is here!’
Elijah (אֵלִיָּהוּ, Eliyahu) is a prophet whose name means "My God is Yahweh." His presence signifies the power and authority of the true God in contrast to the false gods of Baal. Elijah's boldness in confronting Ahab and the prophets of Baal is a testament to his unwavering faith and divine mission. This phrase is a declaration of divine intervention and a challenge to the prevailing idolatry.

He will kill me!”
Obadiah's fear of death (יָהֲרְגֵנִי, yahargeni) reflects the real danger faced by those who opposed the royal decree to worship Baal. This phrase captures the perilous environment for the faithful in a time of widespread apostasy. It also highlights the cost of discipleship and the courage required to stand for truth in the face of mortal danger. Obadiah's dilemma is a poignant reminder of the trials faced by believers who must navigate their faith in hostile environments.

As surely as
This phrase is an oath formula, emphasizing the certainty and solemnity of the statement that follows. In Hebrew culture, oaths were binding and invoked the name of God to affirm truthfulness. This reflects the seriousness with which Elijah approaches his mission, underscoring his unwavering faith and commitment to God's will.

the LORD of Hosts
The term "LORD of Hosts" (Yahweh Sabaoth) is a powerful title for God, emphasizing His supreme authority over the heavenly armies and all creation. It conveys God's omnipotence and His role as a divine warrior who fights for His people. This title reassures believers of God's ultimate control and protection, especially in times of conflict or spiritual warfare.

lives
The declaration of God's life is a profound affirmation of His eternal existence and active presence in the world. Unlike the lifeless idols worshiped by the surrounding nations, the God of Israel is living and dynamic. This serves as a reminder of God's unchanging nature and His ongoing involvement in the lives of His people.

before whom I stand
This phrase indicates Elijah's role as a prophet and servant of God. To "stand before" someone in ancient Near Eastern culture often implied service or attendance. Elijah's position is one of humility and readiness to act according to God's command. It highlights the intimate relationship between the prophet and God, as well as Elijah's accountability to divine authority.

I will surely present myself
Elijah's commitment to present himself to Ahab is a bold declaration of obedience and courage. Despite the danger posed by Ahab's hostility, Elijah is determined to fulfill his prophetic duty. This reflects the prophet's trust in God's protection and his willingness to confront evil with truth.

to Ahab
Ahab, the king of Israel, is a significant figure in this narrative. Known for his idolatry and opposition to God's prophets, Ahab represents the spiritual decline of Israel. Elijah's confrontation with Ahab is a pivotal moment, symbolizing the clash between true worship and false religion. It serves as a call to repentance and a return to covenant faithfulness.

today
The immediacy of the word "today" underscores the urgency of Elijah's mission. It reflects the prophetic sense of time, where God's intervention is both imminent and necessary. This urgency calls believers to respond promptly to God's call, recognizing the importance of timely obedience in the unfolding of His divine plan.

So Obadiah went
The name "Obadiah" means "servant of the Lord" in Hebrew, reflecting his role and character as a faithful servant amidst a corrupt regime. Obadiah's actions here demonstrate obedience and courage, as he serves in the court of Ahab, a king who led Israel into idolatry. His willingness to go to Ahab, despite the potential danger, highlights his faithfulness and trust in God. Historically, Obadiah's position as a high-ranking official who feared the Lord is significant, as it shows that God places His people in strategic positions to fulfill His purposes.

to meet Ahab
Ahab, the king of Israel, is often remembered for his marriage to Jezebel and his promotion of Baal worship, which led Israel into sin. The phrase "to meet Ahab" suggests a confrontation with authority. In the historical context, Ahab's reign was marked by political and spiritual turmoil, and his encounters with God's prophets were often tense. This meeting sets the stage for a dramatic confrontation between the forces of idolatry and the true worship of Yahweh.

and told him
Obadiah's act of telling Ahab about Elijah's presence is an act of faithfulness to God's prophet. The Hebrew root for "told" implies a declaration or announcement, indicating that Obadiah is not merely passing on information but is delivering a message of significance. This reflects the role of God's servants as messengers who must speak truth to power, regardless of the personal risk involved.

and Ahab went
Ahab's decision to go and meet Elijah shows a recognition of Elijah's authority as a prophet of God, despite Ahab's own rebellion against God. The phrase "Ahab went" indicates movement and action, suggesting that Ahab is compelled to respond to the challenge presented by Elijah. This moment is pivotal, as it leads to the confrontation on Mount Carmel, where the power of God will be displayed.

to meet Elijah
Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," stands as a towering figure of faith and prophetic authority. His role in this narrative is to call Israel back to the worship of the one true God. The meeting between Ahab and Elijah is not just a personal encounter but a symbolic clash between the forces of idolatry and the truth of God's sovereignty. Elijah's presence is a reminder of God's relentless pursuit of His people and His desire to turn their hearts back to Him.

When Ahab saw Elijah
This phrase sets the stage for a dramatic encounter between two pivotal figures in Israel's history. Ahab, the king of Israel, represents the political and spiritual decline of the nation, having led the people into idolatry by worshiping Baal. Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," stands as a prophet of the true God, challenging the apostasy of the time. The Hebrew root for "saw" (רָאָה, ra'ah) implies more than just physical sight; it suggests perception and recognition. Ahab's seeing of Elijah is not just a visual encounter but a confrontation with the truth and the presence of God's messenger.

he said to him
This phrase indicates direct communication, a face-to-face confrontation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such encounters between a king and a prophet were significant, often involving matters of national importance. The Hebrew verb "said" (אָמַר, amar) is frequently used in the Old Testament to introduce prophetic speech, underscoring the weight of the ensuing dialogue. This moment is charged with tension, as Ahab's words reveal his perception of Elijah's role in Israel's troubles.

Is that you
Ahab's question is rhetorical and accusatory. The phrase suggests recognition mixed with disdain. In the Hebrew text, the question is phrased to express surprise and contempt. Ahab's tone reflects his frustration and anger towards Elijah, whom he blames for the drought and famine afflicting Israel. This question sets the stage for the conflict between the forces of idolatry and the worship of Yahweh.

O troubler of Israel?
The term "troubler" (עָכַר, akar) is significant, as it implies one who brings disaster or misfortune. Historically, this accusation is ironic because it is Ahab's own actions, in leading Israel into idolatry, that have brought divine judgment upon the land. Elijah, in truth, is not the cause of Israel's troubles but the one who calls the nation back to covenant faithfulness. This phrase highlights the spiritual blindness of Ahab, who fails to see his own culpability and instead projects blame onto God's prophet. Theologically, this reflects a common biblical theme where the righteous are often misunderstood and persecuted by those in power.

I have not troubled Israel
The phrase begins with Elijah's bold declaration of innocence. The Hebrew word for "troubled" is "עָכַר" (akar), which means to disturb or bring calamity. Elijah, a prophet of God, stands firm in his conviction that he is not the source of Israel's distress. This highlights the role of a prophet as a messenger of God, often misunderstood or blamed for the consequences of the people's own disobedience. Elijah's courage in confronting King Ahab is a testament to his unwavering faith and dedication to God's truth.

Elijah replied
Elijah's response is direct and confrontational. The name "Elijah" means "My God is Yahweh," which is significant in this context as he stands against the worship of Baal. Elijah's identity is rooted in his relationship with God, and his reply is not just a personal defense but a declaration of divine truth. His role as a prophet is to speak God's words, regardless of the personal risk involved.

but you and your father’s house have
Here, Elijah shifts the responsibility to Ahab and his lineage. The phrase "your father’s house" refers to the dynasty of Omri, Ahab's father, who perpetuated idolatry in Israel. This accusation is not just against Ahab but against the systemic sin that has plagued Israel through its leadership. It underscores the biblical principle that leaders bear significant responsibility for the spiritual direction of their people.

because you have forsaken the commandments of the LORD
The word "forsaken" in Hebrew is "עָזַב" (azab), meaning to abandon or leave behind. Ahab and his house have turned away from the covenantal laws given by God, which were meant to guide Israel in righteousness. This forsaking is not merely a passive act but a deliberate choice to reject God's authority. The commandments of the LORD are central to Israel's identity and relationship with God, and abandoning them leads to spiritual and national decay.

and followed the Baals
The term "Baals" refers to the various local deities worshiped in Canaanite religion, with Baal being a prominent god of fertility and weather. The Hebrew word "בַּעַל" (ba'al) means "lord" or "master," indicating the false authority these idols held over the people. Following the Baals represents a spiritual adultery, as Israel was called to be faithful to Yahweh alone. This idolatry is the root cause of Israel's troubles, as it leads them away from the true source of life and blessing. Elijah's confrontation is a call to repentance and a return to the worship of the one true God.

Now summon all Israel
The phrase "Now summon all Israel" indicates a call to gather the entire nation, emphasizing the importance of the event that is about to unfold. In the Hebrew context, the word for "summon" (קָבַץ, qavats) implies a gathering or assembling, often used in the context of calling people together for a significant purpose. This highlights the gravity of the confrontation between Elijah and the prophets of Baal, as it was not just a local event but one that involved the entire nation of Israel. Historically, this gathering was a pivotal moment for Israel, as it was a call to witness the power of the true God versus the false gods.

to meet me on Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel is a significant geographical location in biblical history. It is a mountain range in present-day Israel, known for its lush vegetation and strategic location. The choice of Mount Carmel as the site for this confrontation is symbolic. It was a high place often associated with worship and sacrifice, making it an ideal setting for a showdown between the God of Israel and the pagan deities. The Hebrew word for "Carmel" (כַּרְמֶל, Karmel) means "garden" or "vineyard," suggesting a place of fertility and life, which contrasts with the spiritual barrenness of idol worship.

along with the 450 prophets of Baal
The mention of "450 prophets of Baal" underscores the widespread influence and popularity of Baal worship in Israel at the time. Baal was a Canaanite deity associated with fertility, rain, and agriculture, and his worship was often characterized by idolatry and immorality. The large number of prophets indicates the extent to which the Israelites had turned away from the worship of Yahweh. The Hebrew root for "Baal" (בַּעַל, Ba'al) means "lord" or "master," reflecting the false authority these prophets claimed over the people.

and the 400 prophets of Asherah
Asherah was another prominent Canaanite goddess, often associated with Baal as his consort. The "400 prophets of Asherah" further illustrate the depth of Israel's apostasy, as they had embraced not just one, but multiple false deities. Asherah was often represented by wooden poles or trees, known as Asherah poles, which were used in her worship. The Hebrew root for "Asherah" (אֲשֵׁרָה, Asherah) is linked to the idea of happiness or blessedness, ironically contrasting with the spiritual emptiness of idol worship.

who eat at Jezebel’s table
This phrase highlights the direct support and patronage that these prophets received from Jezebel, the queen of Israel and wife of King Ahab. Jezebel was a fervent promoter of Baal worship, and her influence was a significant factor in leading Israel astray. The act of "eating at Jezebel’s table" implies not only physical sustenance but also a close association and endorsement by the royal household. In the ancient Near Eastern context, sharing a meal was a sign of fellowship and alliance, indicating that these prophets were in league with the ruling powers against the worship of Yahweh.

So Ahab summoned
The phrase begins with King Ahab, a ruler of the northern kingdom of Israel, known for his idolatry and marriage to Jezebel, who promoted the worship of Baal. The Hebrew root for "summoned" is קָרָא (qara), meaning to call or proclaim. This action signifies Ahab's authority and his role in the unfolding drama. Despite his waywardness, God uses Ahab's authority to set the stage for a divine confrontation. This highlights the sovereignty of God, who can use even the unrighteous to fulfill His purposes.

all the Israelites
The term "all the Israelites" indicates the comprehensive nature of the gathering. It underscores the national significance of the event. Historically, Israel was divided into tribes, yet this assembly calls for unity among them. This moment is pivotal, as it is not just a local or tribal issue but a matter concerning the entire nation. Theologically, it reflects the call for God's people to witness His power and return to covenant faithfulness.

and assembled the prophets
The word "assembled" comes from the Hebrew root אָסַף (asaph), meaning to gather or collect. This gathering of prophets, specifically the prophets of Baal, sets the stage for a confrontation between the false prophets and the true prophet of God, Elijah. The presence of these prophets highlights the spiritual conflict in Israel, where false worship had taken root. It serves as a reminder of the constant battle between truth and falsehood, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture.

on Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel is a significant geographical location, known for its beauty and fertility. In ancient times, it was considered a sacred site, often associated with various deities. The choice of Mount Carmel as the venue for this confrontation is symbolic. It represents a high place of decision, where God would demonstrate His supremacy over Baal. Archaeologically, Mount Carmel's strategic location overlooking the Mediterranean Sea made it an ideal setting for a public demonstration of God's power. Spiritually, it serves as a reminder that God often calls His people to make decisive stands in places of cultural and spiritual significance.

Elijah approached all the people
The name "Elijah" means "My God is Yahweh," which is significant in the context of this confrontation. Elijah stands as a solitary figure of faith against a backdrop of widespread apostasy. His approach to "all the people" signifies a public and bold declaration, emphasizing the importance of communal accountability in faith. Historically, this moment occurs during a time of severe spiritual decline in Israel, where the worship of Baal had become prevalent due to the influence of King Ahab and Queen Jezebel.

and said, 'How long will you waver
The Hebrew word for "waver" can also mean "limp" or "hesitate," suggesting a lack of decisiveness and strength. This imagery evokes the idea of spiritual paralysis, where the people are unable to move forward in their faith journey. Elijah's question is a call to action, urging the Israelites to make a definitive choice. The historical context reveals a nation caught between the covenant faithfulness to Yahweh and the seductive allure of Baal worship, which promised agricultural prosperity.

between two opinions?
The phrase "two opinions" highlights the duality and conflict within the hearts of the Israelites. In the Hebrew context, this can be seen as a struggle between truth and falsehood, loyalty and betrayal. Theologically, it underscores the biblical theme of monotheism and the exclusive worship of Yahweh. The Israelites' indecision reflects a deeper spiritual crisis, where they are torn between cultural pressures and their covenant identity.

If the LORD is God, follow Him
"The LORD" here is the covenant name Yahweh, reminding the Israelites of their unique relationship with the one true God. The call to "follow Him" is an invitation to return to covenant faithfulness, obedience, and worship. This phrase echoes the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4-5), a central declaration of Jewish faith. Historically, this is a pivotal moment where Elijah challenges the people to reaffirm their allegiance to Yahweh amidst the pervasive influence of Baalism.

but if Baal is God, follow him.'
Baal was a Canaanite deity associated with fertility and storms, and his worship was characterized by idolatry and immorality. Elijah's challenge is stark and uncompromising, presenting a clear dichotomy between the worship of Yahweh and Baal. This reflects the biblical theme of spiritual warfare and the necessity of choosing whom to serve. The historical context reveals the syncretism that had infiltrated Israel, where Baal worship was often blended with the worship of Yahweh.

But the people did not answer a word
The silence of the people is telling, indicating their spiritual confusion and fear. This moment of silence can be seen as a reflection of their inner turmoil and the weight of the decision before them. It also highlights the prophetic role of Elijah as a voice calling the people back to God. Theologically, this silence underscores the human tendency to avoid making difficult spiritual decisions, often resulting in stagnation and compromise. Historically, it sets the stage for the dramatic demonstration of God's power that follows, as Elijah seeks to turn the hearts of the people back to Yahweh.

Then Elijah said to the people
This phrase sets the stage for a pivotal moment in the narrative. Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," stands as a solitary figure against the multitude. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a declaration or proclamation, emphasizing the authority and conviction with which Elijah speaks. Historically, Elijah's confrontation occurs during a time of rampant idolatry in Israel, under the reign of King Ahab and Queen Jezebel, who promoted the worship of Baal. This context underscores the courage and faith required for Elijah to address the people directly.

I am the only remaining prophet of the LORD
Elijah's statement highlights his isolation and the dire spiritual state of Israel. The Hebrew word for "only" (לְבַדִּי, levaddi) conveys a sense of being alone or solitary. Elijah feels as though he is the last true prophet of Yahweh, reflecting the severe persecution of God's prophets during this period. This moment is a testament to Elijah's steadfastness and dedication to God, despite overwhelming opposition. It also foreshadows the divine intervention that will affirm his prophetic mission and the sovereignty of the LORD.

but Baal has 450 prophets
The contrast between Elijah and the prophets of Baal is stark. The number 450 is significant, symbolizing the overwhelming odds against which Elijah stands. Baal, a Canaanite deity, was widely worshiped in the region, and his prophets were numerous and influential. The Hebrew term for "prophets" (נְבִיאִים, nevi'im) indicates those who claim to speak on behalf of a deity. This phrase sets up the dramatic confrontation on Mount Carmel, where the true power of God will be demonstrated. It serves as a reminder of the spiritual battle between truth and falsehood, and the ultimate victory of God's truth over idolatry.

Get two bulls for us
The instruction to "get two bulls" is significant in the context of ancient Israelite sacrificial practices. Bulls were considered valuable offerings, symbolizing strength and wealth. The Hebrew word for "bull" is "par," which often denotes a young bull or steer, used in various sacrificial rites. This choice of animal underscores the gravity of the confrontation between Elijah and the prophets of Baal. The number "two" is also noteworthy, as it sets the stage for a direct comparison between the power of Yahweh and Baal, emphasizing the duality of the challenge.

Let them choose one bull for themselves
Elijah's directive to let the prophets of Baal "choose one bull for themselves" demonstrates fairness and confidence in the impending divine demonstration. By allowing them the first choice, Elijah removes any suspicion of trickery or bias. This act of choice is rooted in the Hebrew concept of "bachar," meaning to select or elect, which often carries connotations of divine election or favor. Here, it highlights the impartiality of the test and the sovereignty of God, who does not need human manipulation to prove His power.

cut it into pieces
The phrase "cut it into pieces" refers to the traditional method of preparing a burnt offering, as outlined in Levitical law (Leviticus 1:6). The Hebrew verb "nathach" means to divide or dissect, indicating a meticulous process of preparation. This act symbolizes the worshiper's submission and the offering's total dedication to God. In the context of 1 Kings 18, it also serves to heighten the drama of the narrative, as both parties prepare their sacrifices in anticipation of divine intervention.

and place it on the wood
Placing the cut pieces "on the wood" is a critical step in the sacrificial process. The wood, likely arranged in a specific manner, serves as the medium for the burnt offering. The Hebrew word "ets" for wood is often associated with the altar and sacrifice, symbolizing the connection between heaven and earth. In this narrative, the wood becomes the stage for God's miraculous response, contrasting the lifelessness of Baal with the living power of Yahweh.

but not light the fire
The instruction "but not light the fire" is central to the challenge. The Hebrew word "esh" for fire is a common symbol of divine presence and judgment throughout the Old Testament. By withholding the lighting of the fire, Elijah sets the conditions for a supernatural act, where only the true God can ignite the sacrifice. This stipulation underscores the futility of human effort in spiritual matters and the necessity of divine intervention.

And I will prepare the other bull
Elijah's commitment to "prepare the other bull" mirrors the actions of the prophets of Baal, ensuring that the conditions are identical for both parties. The Hebrew verb "asah," meaning to do or make, implies careful preparation and intention. Elijah's preparation is an act of faith, trusting in God's power to reveal Himself. This parallel preparation serves to eliminate any doubt about the authenticity of the forthcoming miracle.

and place it on the wood
Repeating the action of placing the bull "on the wood" reinforces the symmetry of the challenge. The repetition of this phrase emphasizes the fairness and transparency of the test. It also serves as a reminder of the sacrificial system's role in Israelite worship, where offerings were a means of seeking God's favor and presence.

but not light the fire
The reiteration of "but not light the fire" highlights the central theme of divine power versus human impotence. This phrase bookends the verse, framing the narrative around the anticipated divine response. It serves as a powerful reminder that true worship and divine revelation are not products of human effort but are initiated and completed by God alone. This sets the stage for the dramatic demonstration of God's supremacy over Baal, affirming the faith of Elijah and the people of Israel.

Then you may call
The phrase "you may call" invites the prophets of Baal to invoke their deity, suggesting a challenge. The Hebrew root for "call" is קָרָא (qara), which means to call out, proclaim, or summon. This word is often used in the context of prayer or invocation, highlighting the act of seeking divine intervention. In the historical context, calling upon a deity was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern religions, where gods were believed to have power over natural elements.

on the name of your god
The "name" in Hebrew, שֵׁם (shem), signifies more than just a label; it represents the character and authority of the deity. The phrase "your god" refers to Baal, a prominent Canaanite deity associated with storms and fertility. This sets the stage for a confrontation between the God of Israel and the Canaanite god, emphasizing the exclusivity and supremacy of Yahweh.

and I will call on the name of the LORD
Here, Elijah contrasts the prophets' invocation with his own. "The name of the LORD" refers to Yahweh, the covenant name of God, which signifies His eternal, self-existent nature. This phrase underscores the personal relationship between God and His people, as well as His faithfulness to His covenant. Elijah's confidence in calling upon Yahweh highlights his faith and the expectation of divine response.

The God who answers by fire
The phrase "answers by fire" is pivotal, as fire is a symbol of divine presence and power throughout the Bible. The Hebrew word for "answers," עָנָה (anah), implies a response or reply, often in the context of prayer. Fire, in this context, is a test of divine authenticity and power, reminiscent of God's previous manifestations, such as the burning bush (Exodus 3) and the pillar of fire (Exodus 13:21).

He is God
This declaration serves as the ultimate criterion for determining the true God. The Hebrew word for "God" here is אֱלֹהִים (Elohim), a plural form used singularly to denote the one true God, emphasizing His majesty and sovereignty. This statement challenges the prevailing polytheistic beliefs and asserts the monotheistic faith of Israel, affirming that the true God is the one who actively intervenes in the world.

Then Elijah said
Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," stands as a pivotal prophet in Israel's history. His role is not just as a messenger but as a reformer, challenging the prevailing idolatry. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a declaration or proclamation, emphasizing the authority and confidence with which Elijah speaks. This moment is a confrontation between the true God and the false gods, highlighting Elijah's role as God's chosen instrument.

to the prophets of Baal
Baal was a prominent Canaanite deity, often associated with fertility and storms. The "prophets of Baal" were numerous, indicating the widespread apostasy in Israel. Historically, Baal worship was deeply entrenched in the region, often involving rituals that were abhorrent to the God of Israel. This confrontation is not just a religious debate but a cultural and spiritual battle for the heart of the nation.

Choose for yourselves one bull
The act of choosing a bull is significant, as bulls were often used in sacrifices to symbolize strength and fertility. The Hebrew word for "choose" (בָּחַר, bachar) suggests a deliberate selection, emphasizing the fairness of the challenge. Elijah's instruction allows the prophets of Baal to have the first choice, removing any claim of bias or manipulation in the impending demonstration of divine power.

and prepare it first
Preparation here involves the ritualistic practices associated with sacrifices. The Hebrew root (עָשָׂה, asah) for "prepare" implies making or doing, indicating the detailed and careful process involved. Elijah's command to prepare the bull first underscores his confidence in God's power, as he allows the prophets of Baal every advantage in the contest.

since there are so many of you
This phrase highlights the numerical superiority of the prophets of Baal, which contrasts with Elijah's solitary stance. The multitude of Baal's prophets underscores the widespread acceptance of idolatry in Israel. Yet, Elijah's faith is not in numbers but in the power of the one true God, illustrating a key biblical theme: God often works through a faithful remnant.

Call on the name of your god
The act of calling on a deity's name was central to ancient Near Eastern religious practices, signifying an appeal for divine intervention. The Hebrew word for "call" (קָרָא, qara) implies a loud proclamation or invocation. This challenge is a test of Baal's power and presence, setting the stage for a dramatic demonstration of the impotence of false gods compared to Yahweh.

but do not light the fire
This restriction is crucial, as it sets the parameters for the divine test. The absence of human intervention in lighting the fire ensures that the outcome will be attributed solely to divine action. The Hebrew root for "light" (שָׂם, sum) means to set or place, emphasizing the prohibition against human manipulation. This condition underscores the authenticity of the miracle that is about to unfold, highlighting God's sovereignty and power.

And they took the bull that was given them
This phrase highlights the preparation of the sacrifice by the prophets of Baal. The bull, a common sacrificial animal in ancient Near Eastern cultures, symbolizes strength and fertility, which were attributes associated with Baal. The act of taking the bull "given them" indicates that the prophets were operating under the authority and provision of King Ahab, who supported Baal worship. This sets the stage for the confrontation between the false god Baal and the true God of Israel.

prepared it
The preparation of the bull signifies the meticulous religious rituals performed by the prophets of Baal. In ancient times, sacrifices were not only acts of worship but also attempts to appease or invoke the favor of deities. The preparation would have involved specific rites and ceremonies, reflecting the deep-seated belief in Baal's power. However, this preparation contrasts with the futility of their efforts, as the subsequent events reveal.

called on the name of Baal
To "call on the name" of a deity was to invoke their presence and power. In the Hebrew context, names were more than mere labels; they represented the character and authority of the person or deity. The prophets of Baal were invoking what they believed to be the powerful presence of their god. This act of calling upon Baal underscores the spiritual blindness and desperation of the people who had turned away from Yahweh.

from morning until noon
This time frame indicates the persistence and dedication of the prophets of Baal. Their prolonged effort reflects their earnest belief in Baal's ability to respond. However, it also highlights the futility of their worship, as the passage of time without any response serves to emphasize the impotence of Baal compared to the living God of Israel.

saying, 'O Baal, answer us!'
The plea "O Baal, answer us!" is a cry of desperation and expectation. The repetition of this plea throughout the morning signifies the intensity of their belief and the urgency of their need for a response. This cry is a poignant reminder of the emptiness of idolatry, as it is directed toward a god who cannot hear or respond.

But there was no sound, and no one answered
This phrase starkly contrasts the fervent cries of the prophets. The silence of Baal is deafening and serves as a powerful testament to his nonexistence. In the Hebrew text, the absence of sound and response underscores the futility of worshiping false gods. This silence is a prelude to the demonstration of Yahweh's power through Elijah.

Then they danced, hobbling around the altar they had made
The word "danced" can also be translated as "limped" or "hobbled," suggesting a frenzied, chaotic movement. This behavior reflects the extreme measures the prophets resorted to in their attempt to elicit a response from Baal. The altar they had made represents human efforts to construct a means of divine interaction, yet it stands as a monument to their misguided faith. This scene vividly illustrates the contrast between the empty rituals of Baal worship and the forthcoming powerful intervention of the true God.

At noon
The timing of "at noon" is significant in the context of ancient Near Eastern culture. Noon was often considered the peak time for the sun god, Baal, to demonstrate his power. Elijah's choice to begin his taunting at this time underscores the impotence of Baal, as even at the height of his supposed power, he remains silent. This highlights the futility of idol worship and sets the stage for the demonstration of the true God's power.

Elijah began to taunt them
The Hebrew root for "taunt" (הָתַל, hatal) implies a mocking or derisive tone. Elijah's boldness in mocking the prophets of Baal reflects his confidence in the LORD, the God of Israel. This act of taunting serves to expose the falsehood of Baal worship and challenge the people of Israel to recognize the LORD as the one true God. Elijah's actions are not merely for ridicule but are a prophetic demonstration meant to turn the hearts of the people back to God.

'Shout louder!' he said
Elijah's command to "shout louder" is a direct challenge to the prophets of Baal to intensify their efforts. This phrase underscores the desperation and futility of their cries to a god who cannot hear or respond. It serves as a stark contrast to the God of Israel, who hears and answers the prayers of His people. The irony in Elijah's words is palpable, as he knows that no amount of shouting will awaken a non-existent deity.

'For he is a god; perhaps he is deep in thought, or busy, or traveling
This phrase is laden with sarcasm. The suggestion that Baal might be "deep in thought" or "busy" (the Hebrew word here can also mean "pursuing" or "occupied") mocks the idea that a true god could be preoccupied with mundane activities. The notion of a god "traveling" further ridicules the belief in Baal's omnipresence and omnipotence. Elijah's sarcasm serves to highlight the absurdity of attributing divine attributes to idols, contrasting sharply with the omniscient and omnipresent nature of the God of Israel.

Maybe he is sleeping and must be awakened
The idea that a god could be "sleeping" is a direct affront to the nature of a deity. In the ancient world, gods were often anthropomorphized, but Elijah's suggestion that Baal might need to be "awakened" underscores the impotence and non-existence of Baal. This stands in stark contrast to the God of Israel, who "will neither slumber nor sleep" (Psalm 121:4). Elijah's words are a powerful reminder of the vigilance and ever-present nature of the true God, who is always attentive to the cries of His people.

So they shouted louder
The phrase "shouted louder" reflects the desperation and intensity of the prophets of Baal. In the Hebrew context, the word for "shouted" (זָעַק, za'aq) often conveys a cry for help or a call for attention. This highlights the futility of their actions, as they believed that increasing their volume would compel their god to respond. Historically, this reflects the practices of ancient Near Eastern religions, where vocal intensity was thought to influence divine beings. Theologically, it contrasts with the God of Israel, who hears the quiet prayers of His people (1 Kings 19:12).

and slashed themselves with swords and spears
The act of slashing themselves is a vivid depiction of the extreme measures taken by the prophets of Baal. The Hebrew word for "slashed" (גָּדַד, gadad) implies cutting or making incisions. This was a common ritualistic practice in pagan worship, intended to demonstrate devotion or to provoke a response from the deity. Archaeological findings have confirmed such practices in various ancient cultures. From a scriptural standpoint, this self-mutilation starkly contrasts with the worship of Yahweh, who forbids such practices (Leviticus 19:28), emphasizing the sanctity of the human body.

as was their custom
The phrase "as was their custom" indicates that these actions were not spontaneous but rather a regular part of Baal worship. The Hebrew word for "custom" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) can also mean judgment or ordinance, suggesting that these rituals were institutionalized within their religious framework. This highlights the stark difference between the prescribed worship of Yahweh, which is based on His revealed law, and the chaotic, self-destructive practices of pagan religions. Historically, this underscores the cultural and religious milieu in which Israel found itself, often tempted to adopt the practices of surrounding nations.

until their blood flowed
The imagery of blood flowing is both graphic and symbolic. In the Hebrew context, blood (דָּם, dam) is often associated with life and covenant. Here, however, it represents the lifelessness and desperation of Baal worship. Theologically, this act of shedding blood in vain contrasts with the sacrificial system ordained by God, where blood is shed for atonement and life, not as a futile attempt to gain divine favor. This scene foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed once for all, rendering all other sacrifices obsolete (Hebrews 9:12).

Midday passed
The phrase "midday passed" indicates the passage of time during the contest between Elijah and the prophets of Baal. In the ancient Near Eastern context, midday was often considered a time of intense heat and activity. The prophets of Baal had been calling upon their god since morning, and the fact that midday had passed without any response highlights the futility of their efforts. This serves as a stark contrast to the power of the God of Israel, who does not require elaborate rituals or prolonged entreaties to respond to His people.

they continued their frantic prophesying
The Hebrew root for "frantic prophesying" can be associated with a state of frenzy or ecstatic behavior, often seen in pagan rituals. This behavior was intended to invoke a response from Baal, demonstrating the desperation and intensity of their belief. However, it also underscores the emptiness of worshiping false gods, as their efforts were in vain. This serves as a reminder of the importance of worshiping the one true God, who desires sincere and heartfelt devotion rather than chaotic displays.

until the time for the evening sacrifice
The "evening sacrifice" refers to the daily offering made in the temple, a practice that was central to the worship of Yahweh. This time was significant in Israelite worship, symbolizing a moment of reflection and communion with God. The mention of the evening sacrifice highlights the contrast between the fruitless efforts of the prophets of Baal and the orderly, divinely ordained worship of the Israelites. It sets the stage for Elijah's forthcoming demonstration of God's power, which aligns with the proper time of worship.

But there was no response
The phrase "no response" emphasizes the silence from Baal, despite the fervent efforts of his prophets. This silence is a powerful testament to the impotence of idols and false gods. In the biblical narrative, it serves to affirm the sovereignty and exclusivity of the God of Israel, who alone is living and active. This moment of silence is a prelude to the dramatic intervention of Yahweh, who will soon demonstrate His power in a way that leaves no doubt about His supremacy.

no one answered
The repetition of "no one answered" reinforces the idea that the prophets of Baal were calling upon a god who could not hear or respond. This echoes the biblical theme that idols are lifeless and powerless, in contrast to the living God who hears and answers the prayers of His people. It serves as a call to faithfulness, urging believers to place their trust in God alone, who is always attentive to the cries of His children.

no one paid attention
The final phrase, "no one paid attention," underscores the complete failure of the prophets' efforts. In the context of the narrative, it highlights the futility of idolatry and the emptiness of worship that is not directed toward the true God. This serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of directing our worship and devotion to God, who is always attentive and responsive to those who seek Him with a sincere heart. The silence of Baal contrasts sharply with the forthcoming demonstration of God's power, which will capture the attention of all present and affirm His rightful place as the one true God.

Then Elijah said
The name "Elijah" means "My God is Yahweh," which is fitting for a prophet who stood firmly against the worship of Baal. Elijah's role as a prophet is pivotal in the narrative of Israel's history, serving as a divine messenger during a time of rampant idolatry. His words carry the authority of God, and his actions are a direct response to the spiritual crisis in Israel. The phrase "said" indicates a command, a call to action that demands attention and obedience from the people.

to all the people
This phrase emphasizes the collective nature of the audience. Elijah's message is not just for the leaders or a select few but for the entire nation of Israel. The people had been led astray by King Ahab and Queen Jezebel, who promoted the worship of Baal. Elijah's call is a call to national repentance and a return to the covenant relationship with Yahweh. The inclusion of "all" signifies the comprehensive nature of God's call to His people, leaving no one excluded from the opportunity to witness His power and return to Him.

Come here to me
Elijah's invitation is both physical and spiritual. "Come here" suggests a movement towards something significant, a gathering for a purpose. In the Hebrew context, this is a call to draw near, not just in proximity but in heart and spirit. Elijah is inviting the people to witness the power of the true God, contrasting the impotence of Baal. This phrase also reflects the intimacy and personal nature of God's relationship with His people, as Elijah stands as His representative.

And they came to him
The people's response indicates a willingness to listen and observe. This movement towards Elijah is symbolic of a potential shift in their spiritual allegiance. Historically, this moment is crucial as it sets the stage for the demonstration of God's power on Mount Carmel. The act of coming to Elijah signifies a moment of decision, a turning point where the people are confronted with the reality of their idolatry and the truth of God's sovereignty.

and he repaired the altar of the LORD
The altar represents worship and sacrifice, central elements of Israel's covenant relationship with God. The fact that it needed repair indicates neglect and abandonment, symbolic of Israel's spiritual state. Elijah's act of repairing the altar is a prophetic gesture, restoring the proper worship of Yahweh. In Hebrew, the word for "repair" can also mean to heal or restore, underscoring the redemptive nature of Elijah's mission. This act is a call to return to the foundational truths of their faith.

that had been torn down
The destruction of the altar signifies the extent of Israel's apostasy. It is a physical manifestation of their spiritual decay, having turned away from the worship of the one true God to follow false idols. Historically, altars were central to worship and community life, and their destruction would have been a profound statement of rebellion against God. Elijah's restoration of the altar is a powerful symbol of God's desire to restore His people, to rebuild what has been broken, and to renew the covenant relationship with them.

And Elijah took twelve stones
The act of Elijah taking "twelve stones" is deeply symbolic, representing the twelve tribes of Israel. The Hebrew word for "stones" is "אֲבָנִים" (avanim), which often signifies strength and permanence. In the context of ancient Israel, stones were used to build altars, memorials, and markers of significant events. Elijah's use of twelve stones underscores the unity and covenant relationship between God and the entire nation of Israel, despite the division into the northern and southern kingdoms. This act is a call back to the foundational identity of the people as one nation under God.

one for each of the tribes of the sons of Jacob
The phrase "one for each of the tribes of the sons of Jacob" emphasizes the inclusivity and completeness of God's covenant. Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel, fathered the twelve tribes, each representing a distinct part of the nation. The Hebrew term "שֵׁבֶט" (shevet) for "tribes" can also mean "staff" or "scepter," symbolizing authority and identity. By using one stone per tribe, Elijah reaffirms the collective identity and shared heritage of the Israelites, reminding them of their roots and the promises made to their forefathers.

to whom the word of the LORD had come
This phrase highlights the divine communication and covenantal relationship between God and the people of Israel. The "word of the LORD" in Hebrew is "דְּבַר יְהוָה" (devar Yahweh), which signifies not just spoken words but the active, living presence and will of God. Throughout the Old Testament, God's word is a powerful force that brings creation, judgment, and salvation. Here, it serves as a reminder of the promises and instructions given to the patriarchs, calling the people back to faithfulness and obedience.

saying, 'Israel shall be your name.'
The declaration "Israel shall be your name" is a direct reference to Genesis 32:28, where Jacob is renamed Israel after wrestling with God. The name "Israel" (יִשְׂרָאֵל, Yisra'el) means "God prevails" or "he struggles with God," encapsulating the nation's identity as one that contends with and is sustained by God. This renaming signifies transformation and purpose, reminding the Israelites of their unique calling and relationship with God. Elijah's invocation of this name serves as a powerful reminder of their identity and destiny as God's chosen people, urging them to return to their covenantal roots and trust in the Lord's sovereignty.

And with the stones
The use of stones in constructing altars is deeply rooted in the Hebrew tradition, symbolizing permanence and strength. In the Hebrew context, stones often represent the enduring nature of God's covenant with His people. The stones Elijah used were likely uncut, in accordance with God's instructions in Exodus 20:25, emphasizing purity and divine creation over human craftsmanship.

he built an altar
Building an altar was a significant act of worship and dedication to God. In the ancient Near Eastern context, altars were places of sacrifice and communion with the divine. Elijah's construction of the altar was a direct challenge to the prophets of Baal, re-establishing the worship of Yahweh in a land that had turned to idolatry. This act was a physical manifestation of spiritual renewal and commitment.

in the name of the LORD
The phrase underscores the authority and sanctity of the altar. "The LORD" here is translated from "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God revealed to Moses. By invoking the name of the LORD, Elijah was not only dedicating the altar to God but also affirming the covenant relationship between God and Israel. This was a public declaration of allegiance to the one true God amidst rampant idolatry.

and he dug a trench around it
The trench served a practical purpose in the narrative, as it would later hold water, demonstrating the miraculous nature of God's power when the fire consumed the water-soaked offering. Symbolically, the trench could represent a separation from the profane, a boundary marking the holy space dedicated to God. It highlights the seriousness and intentionality of Elijah's actions.

large enough to hold two seahs of seed
A "seah" is an ancient Hebrew unit of measure, roughly equivalent to about 7.3 liters or 2 gallons. The mention of "two seahs of seed" provides a tangible measure of the trench's size, emphasizing the magnitude of the miracle that was to follow. This detail underscores the abundance and sufficiency of God's provision and power, as the trench would soon be filled with water, defying natural expectations in a time of drought.

Next, he arranged the wood
The phrase "arranged the wood" signifies Elijah's meticulous preparation for the altar. In Hebrew, the word for "arranged" is "ערך" (arak), which implies setting in order or organizing. This reflects the importance of order and obedience in worship. Elijah's actions remind us that God is a God of order, and our worship should reflect intentionality and reverence. The wood, often symbolic of humanity in biblical typology, represents the foundation upon which the sacrifice is made, pointing to the necessity of a prepared heart in approaching God.

cut up the bull
The act of cutting up the bull is a direct reference to the sacrificial system established in the Mosaic Law. The Hebrew word for "cut" is "נתח" (nathach), meaning to divide or dissect. This action symbolizes the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement. The bull, a valuable and significant offering, represents the costliness of true sacrifice. Elijah's adherence to this ritual underscores the importance of following God's commands precisely, highlighting the need for repentance and the foreshadowing of Christ's ultimate sacrifice.

placed it on the wood
Placing the bull on the wood signifies the act of offering the sacrifice to God. This act is a physical manifestation of surrender and submission to God's will. The Hebrew context here emphasizes the importance of laying down one's life and desires in obedience to God. It is a powerful reminder of the need for personal sacrifice and dedication in our spiritual walk, echoing the call to take up our cross and follow Christ.

and said, 'Fill four jars with water
Elijah's command to fill four jars with water is a significant act of faith. In the context of a severe drought, water was a precious commodity. The number four often symbolizes completeness in the Bible, suggesting the totality of the offering. This act demonstrates Elijah's trust in God's provision and power, even in scarcity. It challenges believers to trust God fully, even when resources seem limited, and to offer Him our best, regardless of circumstances.

and pour it on the offering and on the wood
Pouring water on the offering and wood is an act of faith that defies human logic. In Hebrew culture, water is often a symbol of life and purification. By saturating the sacrifice, Elijah removes any doubt of human manipulation, ensuring that the coming miracle is attributed solely to God's power. This act of drenching the altar serves as a testament to God's ability to overcome natural obstacles, encouraging believers to trust in His supernatural intervention in their lives. It is a call to faith, reminding us that God's power is made perfect in our weakness.

And he said
This phrase indicates the authority and leadership of Elijah, the prophet of God. In the Hebrew context, the word for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) often implies a command or directive, highlighting Elijah's role as God's spokesperson. Elijah's instructions are not mere suggestions but divine commands that carry the weight of God's authority.

Do it a second time
The repetition of the action signifies the thoroughness and completeness of the task Elijah is commanding. In the historical context, the act of pouring water on the altar was to ensure that there could be no doubt about the miraculous nature of the fire that would consume the sacrifice. The number two in biblical numerology often symbolizes confirmation and witness, reinforcing the certainty of God's impending action.

and they did it a second time
This phrase demonstrates the obedience of the people to Elijah's command. Their compliance reflects a recognition of Elijah's authority and, by extension, God's power. In the broader scriptural context, obedience to God's prophets is a recurring theme, emphasizing the importance of faith and trust in God's plans.

And he said, 'Do it a third time'
The number three in biblical terms often signifies completeness and divine perfection. By instructing the people to perform the action a third time, Elijah is ensuring that the altar is thoroughly drenched, making the subsequent miracle even more undeniable. This act of faith sets the stage for God to demonstrate His power in a way that leaves no room for doubt.

and they did it a third time
The people's continued obedience underscores their growing faith and anticipation of God's intervention. The repetition of the action three times also serves to heighten the dramatic tension of the narrative, preparing the audience for the miraculous event that is about to unfold. In the historical and scriptural context, this obedience is a testament to the people's willingness to trust in God's prophet and, ultimately, in God Himself.

So the water
The use of water in this context is significant, especially considering the severe drought that had plagued Israel for three years. Water, a precious commodity, symbolizes the people's desperate need for divine intervention. In Hebrew, the word for water is "mayim," which often represents life and cleansing. The act of pouring water over the altar can be seen as a purification ritual, preparing for God's miraculous intervention.

ran around the altar
The altar, central to Israelite worship, represents a place of sacrifice and communion with God. The Hebrew word for altar is "mizbeach," which comes from a root meaning "to slaughter" or "sacrifice." The water running around the altar signifies the thoroughness of the preparation and the completeness of the offering to God. It also emphasizes the impossibility of any human trickery, as the altar is drenched, making the subsequent divine fire all the more miraculous.

and even filled the trench
The trench, or "tealah" in Hebrew, was dug around the altar by Elijah. Its filling with water underscores the abundance and overflow of God's provision, even in times of scarcity. This act of filling the trench can be seen as a demonstration of faith, as Elijah prepares for God to act in a way that defies natural expectations. The trench being filled also serves as a boundary, setting apart the holy space for God's impending miracle.

At the time of the evening sacrifice
This phrase refers to the specific time of day when the evening sacrifice was offered in the temple, around 3 PM. The Hebrew term for "evening sacrifice" is "minchah," which signifies a gift or offering. This timing is significant as it aligns Elijah's actions with the established worship practices of Israel, emphasizing continuity with the true worship of Yahweh. Historically, this was a time of communal prayer and reflection, symbolizing the people's dependence on God.

Elijah the prophet
Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," stands as a pivotal figure in the Old Testament. As a prophet, he served as God's mouthpiece, calling Israel back to covenant faithfulness. His role here is not just as a miracle worker but as a restorer of true worship. Elijah's life and ministry are marked by his unwavering commitment to God amidst widespread idolatry, making him a model of faith and courage.

approached the altar
The altar, a place of sacrifice and worship, symbolizes the meeting point between God and man. Elijah's approach signifies reverence and readiness to intercede on behalf of the people. In the Hebrew context, altars were central to worship, representing God's presence and the people's devotion. Elijah's action here is a deliberate act of faith, preparing for God to demonstrate His power.

and said, 'O LORD, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel
By invoking the God of the patriarchs, Elijah appeals to the covenantal relationship established with Israel's forefathers. The use of "LORD" (Yahweh) underscores God's eternal and unchanging nature. This invocation serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the historical roots of Israel's identity. It is a call to remember the promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Israel), reinforcing the continuity of God's plan.

let it be known today that You are God in Israel
Elijah's prayer is a plea for divine revelation and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty. The phrase "let it be known" indicates a desire for public recognition of God's power and authority. In the historical context, Israel was torn between worshiping Yahweh and Baal. Elijah's request is for a decisive demonstration that Yahweh alone is God, reaffirming His rightful place in the hearts of the people.

and that I am Your servant
Elijah identifies himself as God's servant, highlighting his role as a faithful messenger. The term "servant" (Hebrew: "ebed") conveys humility and dedication. Elijah's ministry is not self-serving but is entirely devoted to fulfilling God's will. This declaration underscores the prophet's submission to God's authority and his commitment to carrying out God's commands.

and that at Your word I have done all these things
Elijah attributes his actions to divine instruction, emphasizing obedience to God's word. The phrase "at Your word" signifies that Elijah's actions are not of his own initiative but are directed by God. This highlights the importance of divine guidance and the prophet's reliance on God's wisdom. Elijah's obedience serves as a testament to his faith and trust in God's plan, setting an example for believers to follow.

Answer me, O LORD, answer me
This phrase is a heartfelt plea from the prophet Elijah, emphasizing the urgency and desperation of his prayer. The repetition of "Answer me" underscores the intensity of his request. In Hebrew, the word for "answer" is "עָנָה" (anah), which conveys a sense of responding or giving heed. Elijah's call is not just for a response but for a divine intervention that would unmistakably demonstrate God's power. Historically, this moment is set against the backdrop of a spiritual contest on Mount Carmel, where Elijah stands alone against the prophets of Baal. His cry is a testament to his faith and reliance on the LORD, the covenant name of God, which signifies His eternal, unchanging nature and His relationship with Israel.

so that this people will know
Elijah's prayer is not for personal vindication but for the revelation of God's identity to the people of Israel. The Hebrew word for "know" is "יָדַע" (yada), which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge. Elijah desires that the Israelites come to a profound understanding of who God is. This reflects a recurring biblical theme where God's actions are intended to lead people to a deeper knowledge of Him. The historical context here is crucial; Israel had been led astray by idolatry, and Elijah's mission was to bring them back to the true worship of Yahweh.

that You, O LORD, are God
This declaration is central to the monotheistic faith of Israel. The phrase affirms the LORD's unique and supreme divinity. In Hebrew, "God" is "אֱלֹהִים" (Elohim), a term that, while plural in form, is singular in meaning when referring to the one true God. This highlights the majesty and power of God, who is above all other so-called gods. Elijah's prayer seeks to reaffirm the foundational truth of Israel's faith amidst a culture that had become syncretistic, blending the worship of Yahweh with that of Baal.

and that You have turned their hearts back again
This phrase speaks to the transformative power of God in the lives of His people. The Hebrew word for "turned" is "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to return or restore. It signifies repentance and a change of direction. Elijah's prayer anticipates a spiritual revival, a turning back of the people's hearts to their covenant relationship with God. This reflects the biblical narrative of God's relentless pursuit of His people, always calling them back to Himself. The historical context of this verse is a time of national apostasy, and Elijah's intercession is for a renewal of faith and commitment to the LORD.

At that moment
This phrase signifies the immediacy and divine timing of God's response. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "אָז" (az), which indicates a specific point in time. This highlights the precision of God's intervention, underscoring His sovereignty and the fulfillment of Elijah's prayer. It serves as a reminder that God's timing is perfect, and His actions are neither early nor late but occur exactly when they are meant to.

the fire of the LORD fell
The "fire of the LORD" is a powerful symbol of God's presence and power. In Hebrew, "אֵשׁ יְהוָה" (esh Yahweh) conveys not just physical fire but a divine manifestation. This fire is reminiscent of other biblical instances where God reveals Himself through fire, such as the burning bush (Exodus 3:2) and the pillar of fire (Exodus 13:21). It represents God's holiness, judgment, and acceptance of the sacrifice, affirming Elijah's role as His prophet.

and consumed the burnt offering
The Hebrew word for "consumed" is "אָכַל" (akal), meaning to eat or devour. This indicates total consumption, leaving nothing behind. The "burnt offering" (עֹלָה, olah) was a sacrifice wholly dedicated to God, symbolizing atonement and complete surrender. The consumption of the offering by divine fire signifies God's acceptance and approval of the sacrifice, validating Elijah's faith and the true worship of Yahweh.

the wood, the stones, and the dust
The inclusion of "the wood, the stones, and the dust" emphasizes the totality of the miracle. In Hebrew, "עֵצִים" (etzim) for wood, "אֲבָנִים" (avanim) for stones, and "עָפָר" (afar) for dust, these elements represent the altar's construction and the earth itself. The fire's consumption of these materials demonstrates God's overwhelming power over natural elements, reinforcing His supremacy over Baal, who was believed to control nature.

and it licked up the water in the trench
The phrase "licked up" (לָחַךְ, lakhakh) in Hebrew conveys the image of a tongue of fire, illustrating the thoroughness of the divine act. The water in the trench was meant to make the miracle more challenging, proving that no human manipulation was involved. The fire's ability to consume even the water underscores the miraculous nature of the event and God's absolute authority over creation, leaving no doubt about His power and presence.

When all the people saw this
This phrase captures a pivotal moment of revelation and recognition. The Hebrew root for "saw" is "ra'ah," which implies not just physical sight but also understanding and perceiving. In the context of 1 Kings 18, this refers to the miraculous event on Mount Carmel where God answered Elijah's prayer by sending fire from heaven. Historically, this was a time of rampant idolatry in Israel, with the worship of Baal being prevalent. The people's "seeing" is both literal and metaphorical, as they witness the undeniable power of the true God, contrasting sharply with the impotence of Baal.

they fell facedown
The act of falling facedown is a profound expression of worship, humility, and submission. In Hebrew culture, prostration was a common response to divine encounters, signifying reverence and acknowledgment of God's supreme authority. This physical act underscores the people's recognition of their sin in following false gods and their return to the worship of Yahweh. It is a moment of collective repentance and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty.

and said, 'The LORD, He is God! The LORD, He is God!'
The repetition of this declaration emphasizes its importance and the depth of conviction among the people. The Hebrew name for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, which signifies His eternal, self-existent nature. By proclaiming "He is God," the people are affirming Yahweh's unique divinity and rejecting the false gods they had previously worshiped. This confession is a turning point, a return to the foundational truth of Israel's faith. It echoes the Shema, a central declaration of Jewish faith found in Deuteronomy 6:4, "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one." This moment is not just a personal revelation but a national reawakening to the truth of God's identity and power.

Then Elijah commanded
The phrase begins with the prophet Elijah taking decisive action. Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," stands as a pivotal figure in Israel's history, representing the true worship of Yahweh against the idolatry of Baal. His command signifies the authority given to him by God to lead the people back to righteousness. In the Hebrew context, a prophet was not only a foreteller but also a forthteller, one who spoke and acted on behalf of God.

Seize the prophets of Baal
The term "seize" indicates a forceful action, reflecting the urgency and seriousness of the situation. The "prophets of Baal" were not merely religious leaders but were seen as the embodiment of the idolatrous practices that had led Israel astray. Baal was a Canaanite deity associated with fertility and storms, and his worship was in direct opposition to the worship of Yahweh. This command to seize them underscores the need to remove the corrupting influence from among the people.

Do not let a single one escape!
This phrase emphasizes the completeness of the judgment against the prophets of Baal. In the ancient Near Eastern context, allowing any to escape would mean leaving room for the continuation of idolatry. The command reflects the biblical principle of purging evil from the community to restore holiness and covenant faithfulness.

So they seized them
The people's obedience to Elijah's command indicates a turning point in their allegiance. After witnessing the power of Yahweh in the preceding verses, the Israelites are now ready to act against the false prophets. This collective action signifies a communal return to the worship of the one true God.

and Elijah brought them down to the Kishon Valley
The Kishon Valley, a significant geographical location, serves as the setting for the execution of judgment. Historically, valleys were often places of battle and judgment. The Kishon River, mentioned in other biblical battles, symbolizes a place where God’s justice is enacted. Elijah leading the prophets there signifies the fulfillment of divine justice.

and slaughtered them there
The term "slaughtered" is stark and reflects the severity of the judgment. In the Hebrew tradition, such actions were sometimes necessary to cleanse the land of idolatry and restore the covenant relationship with God. This act of judgment is not merely punitive but serves as a dramatic demonstration of the consequences of turning away from God. It is a call to repentance and a return to faithfulness.

And Elijah said
The prophet Elijah, whose name means "My God is Yahweh," is a central figure in this narrative. His role as a prophet is to communicate God's will to the people and to the king. Elijah's authority comes directly from God, and his words are not merely his own but are divinely inspired. This phrase sets the stage for a significant moment where Elijah, having just demonstrated God's power on Mount Carmel, now speaks with the authority of a prophet who has been vindicated by God.

to Ahab
Ahab was the king of Israel, known for his idolatry and for leading the nation away from the worship of Yahweh. His marriage to Jezebel, a Phoenician princess, further entrenched the worship of Baal in Israel. Elijah's interaction with Ahab is significant because it represents the confrontation between the worship of the true God and the false gods of the surrounding nations. Ahab's presence in this narrative highlights the tension between political power and prophetic authority.

Go up
This phrase can be understood both literally and symbolically. Literally, it refers to Ahab ascending from the site of the contest on Mount Carmel. Symbolically, it suggests a call to rise above the current spiritual and moral state. Elijah's command to "go up" is an invitation to Ahab to change his ways and acknowledge the sovereignty of Yahweh.

eat and drink
In the ancient Near Eastern context, eating and drinking were often associated with celebration and covenant renewal. Elijah's instruction to Ahab to eat and drink can be seen as a gesture of reconciliation and a sign of the end of the drought. It is also a reminder of God's provision and the restoration that follows repentance and obedience.

for there is the sound
This phrase indicates Elijah's prophetic insight. Although there was no physical evidence of rain at that moment, Elijah heard the "sound" of rain through his spiritual discernment. This highlights the role of faith in perceiving God's promises before they manifest in the physical realm. Elijah's confidence in God's word is a model of faith for believers.

of a heavy rain
The "heavy rain" signifies the end of the three-and-a-half-year drought that had plagued Israel as a judgment for their idolatry. Rain in the Bible is often a symbol of God's blessing and favor. The promise of rain is a sign of God's mercy and a call to return to Him. It also serves as a reminder of God's control over nature and His ability to provide for His people.

So Ahab went up to eat and drink
This phrase marks a stark contrast between King Ahab and the prophet Elijah. Ahab, having witnessed the miraculous defeat of the prophets of Baal, returns to his worldly pursuits of eating and drinking. The Hebrew root for "eat" (אָכַל, 'akal) and "drink" (שָׁתָה, shatah) often denote not just physical consumption but also indulgence in earthly pleasures. Historically, this reflects Ahab's character as a king more concerned with temporal satisfaction than spiritual matters, a theme consistent throughout his reign. This moment underscores the spiritual blindness and complacency of Ahab, who fails to recognize the gravity of the divine intervention he has just witnessed.

but Elijah climbed to the top of Carmel
Elijah's ascent to Mount Carmel is symbolic of his spiritual journey and dedication. The Hebrew word for "climbed" (עָלָה, 'alah) implies an upward movement, both physically and spiritually. Mount Carmel, a significant site in Israel's geography, was a place of divine encounter and revelation. Archaeologically, Carmel was known for its lush vegetation and strategic height, making it a fitting location for Elijah's prayerful intercession. Elijah's choice to ascend the mountain signifies his role as a mediator between God and Israel, seeking divine favor and intervention.

bent down on the ground
Elijah's posture of bending down is a profound act of humility and submission. The Hebrew verb "bent" (גָּהַר, gaher) conveys a sense of bowing or crouching, indicative of deep reverence and earnest supplication. This physical act is emblematic of Elijah's spiritual posture before God, acknowledging his dependence on divine power. In the broader scriptural context, such a posture is often associated with intense prayer and intercession, reflecting Elijah's fervent desire for God's will to be accomplished.

and put his face between his knees
This phrase describes an unusual and intense posture of prayer, highlighting Elijah's earnestness and focus. The act of placing his face between his knees suggests a deep concentration and fervency in prayer, possibly to shut out distractions and focus solely on God. This posture is not commonly mentioned in scripture, emphasizing the extraordinary nature of Elijah's intercession. It reflects a total surrender and a profound sense of urgency, as Elijah seeks God's intervention to end the drought and demonstrate His sovereignty to Israel.

Go and look toward the sea
This phrase is a directive from Elijah to his servant, emphasizing the act of looking with expectation. The Hebrew word for "go" (לֵךְ, lekh) is a command, indicating urgency and obedience. The "sea" here refers to the Mediterranean Sea, which was visible from Mount Carmel. This geographical context is significant as it symbolizes the vastness and the unknown, a place where divine intervention is anticipated. The act of looking toward the sea is an act of faith, expecting God's promise of rain to manifest.

he said to his servant
Elijah's communication with his servant highlights the role of servanthood and obedience in the prophetic ministry. The servant acts as an intermediary, a witness to the unfolding miracle. This relationship mirrors the dynamic between God and His prophets, where obedience and faithfulness are paramount. The servant's role is crucial, as it demonstrates the importance of trust and action in response to God's word.

So he went and looked and said
The servant's compliance with Elijah's command is immediate, reflecting a pattern of obedience. The Hebrew verb for "looked" (וַיַּבֵּט, vayyabet) suggests a careful and expectant observation. This action is not passive but involves active participation in God's unfolding plan. The servant's report, "There is nothing," underscores the initial absence of visible evidence, a test of faith and perseverance.

There is nothing
This statement captures the tension between expectation and reality. The absence of visible signs challenges the faith of both Elijah and his servant. In a broader scriptural context, this moment reflects the trials faced by believers when God's promises seem delayed. It is a call to steadfast faith, trusting in God's timing and sovereignty despite apparent silence or inactivity.

Seven times Elijah said
The number seven in biblical terms often symbolizes completeness or perfection. Elijah's insistence on sending his servant seven times indicates a process of spiritual completeness and divine timing. This repetition is a test of perseverance and faith, both for Elijah and his servant. It reflects the biblical principle that God's promises require patience and persistent faith.

Go back
Elijah's repeated command to "go back" signifies unwavering faith and determination. The Hebrew root (שׁוּב, shuv) for "go back" implies a return or turning back, which can also symbolize repentance or a change of heart. In this context, it emphasizes the need to persist in faith, continually seeking God's fulfillment of His word. Elijah's persistence is a model for believers to remain steadfast in prayer and expectation, trusting in God's faithfulness to His promises.

On the seventh time
The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, reflecting God's creation week. Here, it signifies the completion of Elijah's persistent prayer and faith. Elijah's unwavering faith in God's promise of rain is a testament to the power of perseverance in prayer, encouraging believers to remain steadfast in their petitions to God.

the servant reported
The servant acts as a witness to God's unfolding miracle. In the Hebrew context, a servant often played a crucial role in delivering messages and executing tasks. This highlights the importance of obedience and attentiveness in serving God's purposes, reminding believers that even seemingly small roles are vital in God's plan.

There is a cloud
The cloud, though small, is a sign of hope and the fulfillment of God's promise. In biblical symbolism, clouds often represent God's presence and divine intervention. This small cloud signifies the beginning of a great blessing, teaching believers to recognize and have faith in the small beginnings of God's work in their lives.

as small as a man’s hand
The imagery of the cloud being as small as a man's hand emphasizes the humble beginnings of God's mighty works. It serves as a reminder that God often uses small, seemingly insignificant things to accomplish His grand purposes, encouraging believers to trust in God's ability to magnify the little they have.

rising from the sea
The sea, in ancient Near Eastern culture, often symbolized chaos and unpredictability. The cloud rising from the sea signifies God's sovereignty over chaos and His ability to bring order and blessing from it. This reassures believers of God's control over life's uncertainties and His power to bring about His promises.

And Elijah replied
Elijah's response is immediate and filled with faith. His readiness to act upon the servant's report demonstrates his confidence in God's word. This encourages believers to respond promptly and faithfully to God's signs and instructions, trusting in His timing and provision.

Go and tell Ahab
Elijah's instruction to inform Ahab reflects the prophetic role of delivering God's message to leaders and nations. It underscores the responsibility of God's people to communicate His truth boldly, regardless of the audience, and to be instruments of His will in the world.

Prepare your chariot
This phrase indicates urgency and preparation. Elijah's command to prepare the chariot signifies the need for readiness in response to God's actions. It serves as a reminder for believers to be prepared for God's interventions and to act swiftly in accordance with His guidance.

and go down before the rain stops you
The impending rain is both a blessing and a challenge. Elijah's warning to Ahab to move quickly before the rain becomes a hindrance highlights the dual nature of God's blessings—they require timely action and discernment. This teaches believers to act wisely and promptly in response to God's blessings, ensuring they do not miss the opportunities He provides.

And in a little while
This phrase indicates the immediacy and certainty of God's response to Elijah's prayer. The Hebrew word for "little while" (כִּמְעַט, kim'at) suggests a brief period, emphasizing the swift fulfillment of God's promise. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the power of prayer, encouraging believers to trust in God's timing.

the sky grew dark
The darkening of the sky symbolizes the impending change and the fulfillment of God's word through Elijah. In the Hebrew context, darkness often signifies God's presence and power, as seen in other biblical narratives like the Exodus. This transformation of the sky is a visual representation of God's control over nature and His ability to bring about His will.

with clouds and wind
The clouds and wind are manifestations of God's sovereignty over creation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, Baal was considered the storm god, but here, Yahweh demonstrates His supremacy over the elements. The Hebrew words for "clouds" (עָנָן, anan) and "wind" (רוּחַ, ruach) highlight the dynamic and powerful nature of God's intervention, reinforcing His authority over false gods.

and there was a heavy rain
The heavy rain is the culmination of Elijah's prophetic declaration and God's promise to end the drought. The Hebrew word for "heavy" (גָּדוֹל, gadol) implies abundance and significance. This rain not only quenches the physical thirst of the land but also symbolizes spiritual renewal and God's provision. It serves as a testament to God's mercy and the effectiveness of fervent prayer.

So Ahab rode away
Ahab's departure signifies his acknowledgment of the rain's significance and perhaps a recognition of Elijah's God. The act of riding away (רָכַב, rakab) suggests urgency and a response to the dramatic change in weather. It reflects the human response to divine intervention, highlighting the need to act upon witnessing God's power.

and went to Jezreel
Jezreel, a significant location in Israel's history, was a royal city and a place of strategic importance. Ahab's journey to Jezreel (יִזְרְעֶאל, Yizre'el) marks a transition from the confrontation on Mount Carmel to the political and spiritual implications of the rain. It underscores the intersection of divine action and human governance, reminding believers of God's influence over nations and leaders.

And the hand of the LORD
The phrase "hand of the LORD" signifies divine empowerment and presence. In Hebrew, "hand" (יָד, yad) often symbolizes power and authority. This expression indicates that Elijah was not acting on his own strength but was supernaturally enabled by God. Throughout Scripture, the "hand of the LORD" is associated with miraculous acts and divine intervention, emphasizing God's sovereignty and active involvement in the world.

came upon Elijah
The coming of the LORD's hand upon Elijah suggests a moment of divine inspiration and strength. Elijah, a prophet, was often the recipient of God's direct guidance and power. This phrase underscores the intimate relationship between God and His prophets, where God equips them for the tasks He sets before them. It is a reminder of the spiritual empowerment available to those who are called to serve God's purposes.

and he tucked his cloak into his belt
This action, described in Hebrew as "girding up the loins," was a common practice in ancient times to prepare for physical activity or battle. It involved securing one's garment to allow for greater freedom of movement. Spiritually, it symbolizes readiness and determination. Elijah's preparation to run signifies his willingness to act swiftly and obediently under God's direction, reflecting a heart prepared for service.

and ran ahead of Ahab
Elijah's ability to run ahead of Ahab, who was in a chariot, is a testament to the supernatural strength given by God. This act not only demonstrates physical prowess but also symbolizes the spiritual authority and urgency of God's message. Historically, prophets often acted in ways that illustrated their messages, and Elijah's run can be seen as a demonstration of God's power over earthly kings and their chariots.

to the entrance of Jezreel
Jezreel was a significant location in Israel, known for its fertile valley and strategic importance. It was also a place associated with royal authority, as King Ahab had a palace there. Elijah's arrival at Jezreel ahead of Ahab can be seen as a prophetic act, symbolizing the precedence of God's word and power over human authority. This journey to Jezreel sets the stage for the subsequent confrontations between Elijah and the forces of idolatry in Israel, highlighting the ongoing spiritual battle and the need for God's people to remain faithful.