My son
This phrase is a tender and personal address, indicating a relationship of care and authority. In the Hebrew context, "son" (בְּנִי, beni) is often used in wisdom literature to denote a disciple or learner, not just a biological child. It reflects the intimate relationship between a teacher and a student, or a father and his child, emphasizing the importance of the guidance being given. This address sets the tone for the entire passage, inviting the reader to receive wisdom with the openness and trust of a child.

keep
The Hebrew word used here is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), which means to guard, watch over, or preserve. This implies an active and diligent effort to protect and maintain the teachings being imparted. In a spiritual sense, it suggests that wisdom and commandments are precious and require careful attention and safeguarding against neglect or forgetfulness. The act of keeping is not passive but involves a conscious commitment to uphold and live by these teachings.

my words
The term "words" (דְּבָרַי, devarai) in Hebrew encompasses more than just spoken or written language; it includes the concepts, teachings, and truths conveyed by the speaker. In the context of Proverbs, these words are divinely inspired, carrying the weight of God's wisdom. The emphasis on "my" indicates that these are not just any words, but those that come from a place of authority and divine insight, deserving of special attention and adherence.

and treasure
The Hebrew word "צָפַן" (tsaphan) means to hide, store up, or treasure. This suggests an attitude of valuing and cherishing the commandments, akin to storing precious items in a safe place. It implies that the commandments are not only to be obeyed but also to be held in high regard and internalized deeply. Treasuring the commandments involves recognizing their worth and allowing them to shape one's heart and mind.

my commandments
The word "commandments" (מִצְוֹתַי, mitzvotai) refers to directives or orders that are meant to guide behavior. In the biblical context, commandments are seen as divine instructions that lead to a righteous and fulfilling life. They are not arbitrary rules but are given for the benefit and well-being of those who follow them. The possessive "my" underscores that these commandments are given by a figure of authority, in this case, God, through the wisdom of the father or teacher.

within you
This phrase emphasizes internalization, suggesting that the commandments are not merely external rules to be followed but should become part of one's inner being. The Hebrew concept here involves the heart and mind, indicating that true wisdom and obedience come from an internal transformation. By keeping the commandments within, they influence thoughts, decisions, and actions, leading to a life that reflects the wisdom and character of God.

Keep my commandments
The Hebrew word for "keep" is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), which means to guard, observe, or give heed. This word implies a vigilant and active effort to protect and adhere to the commandments. In the context of ancient Israel, commandments were not merely rules but a covenantal relationship with God. They were seen as life-giving, guiding the people in righteousness and holiness. The call to "keep" them suggests a deep commitment and prioritization of God's laws in one's life, reflecting a heart aligned with divine wisdom.

and live
The phrase "and live" underscores the life-giving nature of God's commandments. In Hebrew, "חָיָה" (chayah) means to live or to have life. This is not just physical existence but a full, abundant life in harmony with God's will. The ancient Israelites understood that true life was found in obedience to God, as His commandments were designed to lead them into a flourishing existence. This reflects the biblical principle that spiritual vitality and eternal life are intertwined with adherence to God's word.

guard my teachings
The word "guard" is again "שָׁמַר" (shamar), emphasizing the importance of vigilance and protection over God's teachings. "Teachings" here is "תּוֹרָה" (torah), which can mean law, instruction, or direction. The Torah was central to Jewish life, encompassing not just legalistic rules but divine guidance for living. To "guard" these teachings is to hold them in high esteem, ensuring they are not forgotten or neglected. This reflects a heart posture that treasures divine wisdom and seeks to apply it diligently.

as the apple of your eye
The phrase "apple of your eye" is a metaphorical expression that originates from the Hebrew "אִישׁוֹן עֵינֶךָ" (ishon ayin), literally meaning "little man of the eye," referring to the pupil. This imagery conveys something precious and vulnerable, requiring careful protection. In ancient cultures, the eye was considered the most sensitive and valuable part of the body, symbolizing something cherished and safeguarded. By comparing God's teachings to the "apple of your eye," the verse highlights the necessity of valuing and protecting divine wisdom with utmost care and priority, as one would protect their own sight. This metaphor calls believers to hold God's word in the highest regard, recognizing its critical role in guiding and preserving their spiritual vision and life.

Tie them to your fingers
The phrase "tie them to your fingers" suggests a physical act of remembrance and constant awareness. In ancient Hebrew culture, tying something to one's fingers would serve as a tangible reminder, much like a modern-day string tied around a finger. The Hebrew root for "tie" (קָשַׁר, qashar) implies binding or fastening securely. This act symbolizes the importance of keeping God's commandments close and visible in daily life. It reflects a commitment to let divine wisdom guide one's actions, ensuring that every deed is influenced by God's teachings. The fingers, often used in work and daily tasks, represent the practical application of wisdom in every aspect of life.

write them on the tablet of your heart
The imagery of writing "on the tablet of your heart" evokes the idea of internalizing God's wisdom deeply and permanently. In ancient times, tablets were used for recording important information, and the heart, in Hebrew thought, was considered the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. The Hebrew word for "write" (כָּתַב, kathab) indicates inscribing or engraving, suggesting a deliberate and enduring process. This phrase calls believers to internalize God's commandments so thoroughly that they become an integral part of their identity and decision-making process. It emphasizes the transformation that occurs when divine wisdom is not just acknowledged intellectually but embraced emotionally and spiritually, guiding one's innermost thoughts and desires.

Say to wisdom
The Hebrew word for "wisdom" here is "חָכְמָה" (chokmah), which encompasses not just knowledge but also the skillful application of knowledge in daily life. In the ancient Near Eastern context, wisdom was highly valued and often personified as a woman, a theme prevalent throughout the book of Proverbs. The directive to "say" implies an active, intentional declaration, suggesting that wisdom should be embraced and acknowledged as an integral part of one's life. This aligns with the conservative Christian view that wisdom is a divine gift, to be earnestly sought and cherished.

You are my sister
In ancient Hebrew culture, the term "sister" denotes a close, familial relationship, one of intimacy and protection. By calling wisdom a "sister," the verse emphasizes the need for a personal and enduring relationship with wisdom. This familial language suggests that wisdom should be as familiar and dear to us as our own family members. From a conservative Christian perspective, this reflects the belief that wisdom, as a gift from God, should be integrated into the fabric of our lives, guiding our decisions and actions.

and call understanding
The Hebrew word for "understanding" is "בִּינָה" (binah), which refers to discernment and insight. It is the ability to see beyond the surface and grasp the deeper meaning of situations. The act of "calling" understanding implies an invitation and a recognition of its value. In the biblical context, understanding is not merely intellectual but is deeply spiritual, involving the heart and mind working in harmony. Conservative Christians view understanding as essential for living a life that honors God, as it enables believers to discern His will and apply His truths.

your kinsman
The term "kinsman" in Hebrew is "מֹדַע" (moda), which refers to a close relative or family member. This word choice reinforces the idea of a strong, supportive relationship. In the ancient world, a kinsman was someone who provided protection, support, and assistance. By calling understanding a "kinsman," the verse suggests that it should be a constant companion, offering guidance and support in all aspects of life. From a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the importance of understanding as a divine ally, helping believers navigate the complexities of life with godly wisdom and insight.

That they may keep you
This phrase emphasizes the protective nature of wisdom and understanding. In the Hebrew context, the word "keep" (שָׁמַר, shamar) implies guarding, preserving, or watching over. It suggests a vigilant, active role in safeguarding one's life and soul. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, the concept of protection was paramount, as physical and spiritual threats were prevalent. Wisdom and understanding are portrayed as guardians, akin to a watchman on a city wall, alert to any danger that might approach.

from the adulteress
The term "adulteress" (נָכְרִיָּה, nokriyah) refers to a foreign or strange woman, often symbolizing temptation and moral corruption. In the historical context of Israel, foreign women were sometimes associated with idolatry and practices that led the Israelites away from their covenant with God. The adulteress here is not just a literal figure but represents any form of seduction that leads one away from righteousness and fidelity to God. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that warns against spiritual adultery, where the people of God are led astray by false teachings and practices.

from the wayward wife with her seductive words
The "wayward wife" (זָרָה, zarah) is another depiction of unfaithfulness, highlighting the danger of straying from one's commitments. The Hebrew root suggests estrangement or alienation, indicating a departure from the path of righteousness. Her "seductive words" (חֶלְקָה, chelqah) are smooth, flattering, and deceitful, designed to entice and lead astray. In the scriptural context, words hold significant power, capable of building up or tearing down. The seductive words of the wayward wife are a metaphor for any enticing doctrine or philosophy that contradicts God's truth. This serves as a reminder of the importance of discernment and the need to anchor oneself in the wisdom and understanding that come from God, as they provide the necessary defense against such spiritual and moral dangers.

For at the window of my house
This phrase sets the scene for the narrative that follows. The "window" in ancient Hebrew culture was not just an architectural feature but a vantage point for observation. Windows were often small openings in the wall, providing a limited but focused view of the outside world. The Hebrew word for "window" is "חַלּוֹן" (chalón), which can also imply a place of insight or revelation. In this context, the window represents a place of discernment, where one can observe the unfolding of events with clarity. The "house" symbolizes the domain of the speaker, a place of safety and wisdom, contrasting with the chaos and folly observed outside.

I looked through the lattice
The "lattice" refers to a grid or network of wooden or metal strips that cover the window. In Hebrew, the word is "אֶשְׁנָב" (eshnav), suggesting a barrier that allows for observation without full exposure. This implies a sense of protection and discretion, as the observer can see without being seen. The lattice serves as a metaphor for the boundaries of wisdom and discernment, allowing one to perceive the world while remaining shielded from its corrupting influences. It highlights the importance of maintaining a separation between the wisdom of the household and the folly of the outside world.

I saw among the simple
The phrase "I saw" indicates a personal observation, suggesting that the wisdom being imparted is not theoretical but based on real-life experiences. The Hebrew root for "simple" is "pethi," which refers to someone who is naive or easily influenced. In the context of ancient Israel, the "simple" were those who had not yet embraced wisdom and understanding, often due to a lack of experience or maturity. This serves as a cautionary tale, urging the reader to seek wisdom and discernment actively.

I noticed among the youths
The term "youths" refers to young people who are in a formative stage of life. In Hebrew, "na'ar" is used, which can denote a young man or adolescent. This highlights the vulnerability of youth, a time when individuals are particularly susceptible to external influences and temptations. Historically, the youth in Israelite society were expected to learn from their elders and adhere to the teachings of the Torah. This phrase underscores the importance of guidance and mentorship in the development of sound judgment.

a young man lacking judgment
The phrase "lacking judgment" is critical, as it points to a deficiency in discernment and decision-making. The Hebrew word "leb" often translated as "heart," is used here to denote the seat of understanding and will. In biblical terms, judgment is not merely intellectual but involves moral and spiritual discernment. The young man's lack of judgment serves as a warning against the perils of ignoring wisdom and the teachings of God. It is a call to cultivate a heart that seeks understanding and aligns with divine principles.

passing through the street
This phrase suggests movement and a journey, often symbolizing the choices and paths one takes in life. In the Hebrew context, the word for "street" (חוּץ, chuts) can imply a public place, a space where one is exposed to various influences. The street is not just a physical location but a metaphor for the world and its temptations. In the biblical narrative, streets are often places of encounter and decision, where one must choose between wisdom and folly. The conservative Christian perspective emphasizes the importance of being vigilant and discerning as we navigate the "streets" of life, ensuring that our paths align with God's will.

near her corner
The "corner" here is significant, as it represents a place of potential danger and temptation. In ancient cities, corners were often where illicit activities occurred, away from the main thoroughfares. The Hebrew word for "corner" (פִּנָּה, pinnah) can also mean a turning point, suggesting a critical moment of decision. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this phrase warns believers to be cautious of situations that may lead them away from righteousness. It serves as a reminder to avoid places and circumstances where temptation is likely to be found, reinforcing the call to live a life of holiness and integrity.

taking the road
This phrase indicates a deliberate choice or action. The Hebrew root for "taking" (אָחַז, achaz) implies grasping or holding onto something. It suggests an intentional decision to follow a particular path. In the biblical context, roads often symbolize life's journey and the choices we make along the way. The conservative Christian interpretation encourages believers to choose their paths wisely, guided by Scripture and the Holy Spirit. It underscores the importance of making decisions that honor God and reflect His truth, rather than succumbing to the allure of sin.

to her house
The destination, "her house," is a metaphor for the end result of succumbing to temptation. In Proverbs, the house of the adulteress is often depicted as a place of destruction and death. The Hebrew word for "house" (בַּיִת, bayit) can also mean household or family, indicating the broader impact of one's choices. From a conservative Christian perspective, this phrase serves as a stark warning about the consequences of sin. It highlights the importance of remaining faithful to God's commandments and avoiding situations that could lead to spiritual downfall. The emphasis is on the need for personal accountability and the pursuit of righteousness in all aspects of life.

in the twilight
The phrase "in the twilight" refers to the time of day when the light is dimming, and the world transitions from day to night. In Hebrew, the word used here is "נֶשֶׁף" (neshef), which can mean both dawn and dusk, emphasizing a time of uncertainty and transition. This time of day is often associated with vulnerability and the potential for moral ambiguity. In a spiritual sense, twilight can symbolize the moments in life when one's moral clarity is challenged, and the need for vigilance is heightened. It serves as a reminder to be watchful and discerning, especially when the light of truth seems to be fading.

as the day was fading
This phrase captures the gradual decline of daylight, symbolizing the waning of moral and spiritual awareness. The Hebrew root "עָרַב" (arab) conveys the idea of mixing or mingling, which can imply the blending of light and darkness. Historically, the fading of the day was a time when people would finish their work and return home, but it was also a time when those with ill intentions might begin their activities under the cover of darkness. Spiritually, this fading light can represent the erosion of one's resolve or the temptation to compromise one's values as the clarity of day gives way to the obscurity of night.

into the dark of the night
The transition "into the dark of the night" signifies a complete shift from light to darkness, both literally and metaphorically. The Hebrew word "לַיְלָה" (laylah) for night often carries connotations of danger, secrecy, and the unknown. In biblical times, night was a period when visibility was limited, and threats were more prevalent, making it a powerful metaphor for spiritual darkness and moral peril. This phrase serves as a caution against allowing oneself to be enveloped by the darkness of sin and temptation. It underscores the importance of remaining steadfast in faith and righteousness, even when surrounded by the shadows of the world.

Then a woman came out to meet him
This phrase introduces a pivotal moment in the narrative, where the young man encounters a woman who symbolizes temptation and moral danger. The Hebrew word for "woman" here is "ishah," which can refer to a wife, woman, or female. In the context of Proverbs, this woman is often seen as a personification of folly or seduction, contrasting with the personification of wisdom found elsewhere in the book. The act of coming out to meet him suggests intentionality and purpose, indicating that temptation often seeks us out, rather than being a passive occurrence.

with the attire of a harlot
The phrase "attire of a harlot" is significant in understanding the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "attire" is "simlah," which refers to clothing or garments. In ancient times, clothing was a strong indicator of one's social status or profession. The attire of a harlot would have been distinct and recognizable, designed to attract attention and convey a message of availability. This imagery serves as a warning about the dangers of external appearances and the seductive power of sin, which often disguises itself in appealing forms.

and cunning of heart
The phrase "cunning of heart" delves into the inner motivations and character of the woman. The Hebrew word for "cunning" is "natsar," which can mean to guard, watch, or keep. However, in this context, it implies a sense of craftiness or deceit. The "heart" in Hebrew thought is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. Thus, "cunning of heart" suggests a deep-seated intention to deceive and manipulate. This highlights the biblical theme that sin often originates from within, from the desires and intentions of the heart, and serves as a caution to guard one's own heart against such deceit.

She is loud
The Hebrew word for "loud" is "hāmâ," which can also mean to be boisterous or tumultuous. This word paints a picture of someone who is not only vocally assertive but also disruptive in nature. In the context of Proverbs, this loudness is not a virtue but a vice, indicating a lack of the quiet and gentle spirit that is often praised in Scripture (1 Peter 3:4). The loudness here is symbolic of a heart that is not at peace, a life that is not aligned with God's wisdom, and a spirit that is restless and rebellious.

and defiant
The term "defiant" is translated from the Hebrew word "sārār," which means to be stubborn or rebellious. This word is often used in the Old Testament to describe Israel's rebellion against God (Deuteronomy 21:18-21). In this context, it characterizes a woman who is not only resistant to authority but also to the moral and spiritual order established by God. Her defiance is a rejection of the wisdom and instruction that Proverbs seeks to impart, highlighting the dangers of a life lived outside the boundaries of divine guidance.

her feet do not remain at home
The phrase "her feet do not remain at home" suggests a restlessness and a lack of contentment with the domestic sphere. In ancient Israelite culture, the home was considered the center of a woman's life and responsibilities. The Hebrew word "bāyith" for "home" signifies not just a physical dwelling but also a place of safety, order, and familial relationships. Her wandering feet symbolize a departure from her God-given role and responsibilities, leading her into paths of temptation and sin. This imagery serves as a warning against the dangers of abandoning one's God-ordained place and purpose, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness and contentment in one's calling.

Now in the street
The phrase "now in the street" suggests a sense of immediacy and presence. In the Hebrew context, the "street" (Hebrew: חוּץ, "chutz") often represents the public sphere, a place of daily life and interaction. Streets in ancient times were not just thoroughfares but places of social gathering and commerce. This imagery conveys the idea that temptation and folly are not hidden but are openly present in the everyday aspects of life. The street is where people conduct their business and interact with the world, symbolizing the accessibility and pervasiveness of sin.

now in the squares
The "squares" (Hebrew: רְחֹבוֹת, "rechovot") were central places in ancient cities where people gathered for public discourse, trade, and socialization. These were the hubs of community life. The mention of "squares" emphasizes that the seductress is not confined to one area but is actively seeking to influence and entice in all public arenas. Historically, squares were places of judgment and decision-making, suggesting that the choices one makes in these public spaces can have significant moral and spiritual implications.

she lurks
The word "lurks" (Hebrew: אָרַב, "arab") implies stealth and deceit. It suggests a predator-like behavior, waiting to ensnare the unsuspecting. This term is often used in the context of ambush or entrapment, highlighting the cunning and dangerous nature of the seductress. In a spiritual sense, this reflects the subtlety with which sin can approach, often unnoticed until it has already taken hold. The imagery of lurking warns believers to be vigilant and discerning, recognizing that temptation often comes in disguise.

at every corner
The phrase "at every corner" indicates the ubiquity and inescapability of the seductress's presence. Corners (Hebrew: פִּנָּה, "pinah") in ancient cities were strategic locations, often where paths converged, making them ideal spots for encounters. This suggests that temptation is strategically placed to intercept individuals at critical junctures in their lives. Theologically, this serves as a reminder that believers must be constantly on guard, as moral and spiritual challenges can arise at any moment and in any place. The repetition of "every" underscores the relentless nature of temptation, urging a constant reliance on God's wisdom and guidance.

She seizes him
The Hebrew word for "seizes" is "חָזַק" (chazaq), which conveys a sense of strength and forceful action. This word is often used in the Old Testament to describe a strong grip or hold, indicating the woman's aggressive and assertive nature. In the context of Proverbs, this action symbolizes the seductive power of temptation, which can capture and ensnare the unwary. The imagery here is vivid, warning the reader of the dangers of being caught off guard by sin's allure. Historically, this reflects the cultural understanding of seduction as a powerful force that can lead one astray from righteousness.

and kisses him
The act of kissing in ancient Near Eastern culture was often a sign of affection, intimacy, or covenant. However, in this context, it is an act of seduction and manipulation. The Hebrew word "נָשַׁק" (nashaq) is used here, which can denote a kiss of betrayal or deceit, reminiscent of Judas' kiss to Jesus in the New Testament. This action is not one of genuine love but of deceitful enticement, illustrating how sin often masquerades as something desirable and fulfilling. The kiss is a metaphor for the initial allure of sin, which seems sweet but ultimately leads to spiritual downfall.

she brazenly says to him
The word "brazenly" is translated from the Hebrew "הֵעֵז" (he'ez), which implies boldness and shamelessness. This reflects the woman's audacity and lack of moral restraint, highlighting the boldness with which temptation approaches its victim. In the cultural and historical context of the Bible, such behavior would have been seen as scandalous and indicative of a lack of virtue. The phrase underscores the theme of Proverbs 7, which warns against the seductive and shameless nature of sin. It serves as a caution to maintain vigilance and moral integrity in the face of temptation, reminding believers of the importance of wisdom and discernment in their spiritual walk.

I have made my peace offerings
The phrase "peace offerings" refers to a type of sacrifice in the Old Testament, known in Hebrew as "shelamim." These offerings were part of the Levitical law, primarily described in Leviticus 3 and 7. The peace offering was a voluntary act of worship, expressing thanksgiving and fellowship with God. It symbolized reconciliation and communion, often shared as a communal meal. In the context of Proverbs 7, the speaker uses this religious act to feign piety and sincerity, masking ulterior motives. Historically, peace offerings were a significant part of Israelite worship, emphasizing the importance of genuine devotion over mere ritualistic observance.

today I have paid my vows
The act of paying vows was a serious commitment in ancient Israel, as vows were promises made to God, often in exchange for His favor or blessing. The Hebrew word for "vows" is "neder," which signifies a solemn promise or pledge. In the cultural and religious context, fulfilling vows was seen as an act of integrity and faithfulness. However, in this passage, the speaker's declaration of having paid vows is used deceitfully, suggesting a superficial adherence to religious duties. This highlights the danger of using religious observance as a facade for immoral intentions. The historical context underscores the importance of sincerity in one's relationship with God, as opposed to mere outward compliance.

So I came out to meet you
This phrase reflects the intentionality and premeditated nature of the seductress's actions. The Hebrew root for "came out" is "yatsa," which often implies a deliberate action or movement. In the context of ancient Israel, meeting someone outside the home was significant, as it was a public act that could imply a breach of social norms. The seductress's boldness in stepping out to meet the young man highlights the aggressive nature of temptation and sin, which often seeks us out rather than waiting passively.

I sought you
The Hebrew word for "sought" is "baqash," which conveys a sense of earnest searching or desire. This reflects the persistent and alluring nature of temptation, which actively seeks to ensnare individuals. In the broader scriptural context, seeking is often associated with pursuing God or wisdom (as seen in Proverbs 2:4), but here it is twisted to illustrate the pursuit of folly. The seductress's pursuit is a counterfeit of the righteous pursuit of God, reminding believers to be vigilant against such deceptive enticements.

and I have found you
The phrase "I have found you" uses the Hebrew root "matsa," which means to find or discover. This implies a sense of triumph or completion of a quest. In the historical context of Proverbs, finding someone could imply a sense of possession or control. The seductress's declaration of having found the young man suggests the culmination of her seductive strategy. It serves as a warning to believers about the dangers of being spiritually unguarded, as yielding to temptation can lead to being ensnared and controlled by sin. This phrase underscores the importance of seeking God's wisdom and protection to avoid being "found" by the wrong influences.

I have decked my bed with coverings
I have decked
The phrase "I have decked" suggests an intentional and deliberate action. In the Hebrew, the word used here is "רָבַד" (ravad), which means to spread or to cover. This indicates a purposeful preparation, often associated with seduction or allure. The act of decking or adorning is not merely for comfort but to entice and captivate. In the broader scriptural context, this reflects the seductive nature of sin, which often presents itself as attractive and desirable, masking its true consequences.

my bed
The "bed" in ancient Near Eastern culture was not just a place for rest but also a symbol of intimacy and covenant. In the context of Proverbs 7, the bed becomes a metaphor for illicit relationships and the betrayal of covenantal fidelity. The bed, therefore, is not just a physical object but a representation of moral and spiritual compromise. Historically, beds were often ornately decorated, signifying wealth and status, which adds to the allure and temptation being described.

with coverings
The "coverings" refer to luxurious and ornate fabrics, often used to enhance the beauty and appeal of the bed. In Hebrew, the word "מַרְבַדִּים" (marbadim) suggests rich, colorful tapestries or spreads. These coverings are not merely functional but are meant to seduce and captivate. The use of such coverings indicates an investment in creating an environment of temptation. Scripturally, this can be seen as a warning against the superficial allure of sin, which often disguises itself with beauty and splendor to hide its destructive nature.

I have perfumed my bed
This phrase suggests an intentional act of preparation and allure. In the ancient Near Eastern context, perfuming was a luxury, often associated with wealth and seduction. The Hebrew root for "perfumed" is "נָטַף" (nataf), which means to drip or distill, indicating a careful and deliberate application of fragrance. This act of perfuming the bed is symbolic of enticing and preparing for an illicit encounter, highlighting the seductive nature of sin that Proverbs warns against. The imagery here is vivid, drawing the reader into the scene of temptation and cautioning against the allure of immorality.

with myrrh
Myrrh is a resin used in ancient times for its aromatic properties, often associated with embalming and anointing. Its mention here underscores the depth of the seduction, as myrrh was a costly and precious substance. In biblical times, myrrh was also used in sacred contexts, such as in the anointing oil of the tabernacle (Exodus 30:23). The use of myrrh in this context is ironic, as something meant for holy purposes is being used for sinful seduction, illustrating the perversion of what is sacred.

aloes
Aloes, derived from the Hebrew "אֲהָלִים" (ahaloth), refers to a fragrant wood used in perfumes and incense. Historically, aloes were imported from distant lands, making them a symbol of luxury and opulence. The inclusion of aloes in this verse emphasizes the lengths to which the seductress goes to create an enticing atmosphere. It serves as a metaphor for the deceptive nature of sin, which often presents itself as something desirable and pleasing, yet ultimately leads to destruction.

and cinnamon
Cinnamon, known in Hebrew as "קִנָּמוֹן" (qinnamon), was another valuable spice in the ancient world, used for both culinary and aromatic purposes. Its sweet and spicy scent would have been alluring and captivating. The use of cinnamon in this context further illustrates the seductive power of the adulteress, who uses every means at her disposal to entice and trap her victim. This serves as a warning to the reader about the dangers of succumbing to temptation and the importance of remaining vigilant and discerning in the face of sin's allure.

Come
The invitation "Come" is a beckoning call, often used in Scripture to invite someone into an action or experience. In the Hebrew context, it is a persuasive word, suggesting urgency and immediacy. This word sets the tone for the seductive and enticing nature of the invitation, drawing the listener into a decision point. It reflects the allure of temptation, which often presents itself as an appealing and immediate opportunity.

let us take our fill
The phrase "let us take our fill" implies indulgence and excess. In Hebrew, the concept of being filled often relates to satisfaction or satiation, but here it is used in a negative sense, indicating overindulgence in sinful pleasure. This reflects the deceptive nature of sin, which promises fulfillment but ultimately leads to emptiness and regret. The phrase warns against the dangers of giving in to desires that are contrary to God's will.

of love
The word "love" in this context is a euphemism for illicit sexual relations. In Hebrew, the term can refer to both genuine, godly love and its counterfeit, lust. The adulteress in Proverbs uses the language of love to mask the true nature of her intentions. This highlights the importance of discerning true love, which is selfless and pure, from lust, which is self-serving and destructive.

till morning
The phrase "till morning" suggests a temporary and fleeting encounter. In the biblical context, night often symbolizes darkness and sin, while morning represents light and righteousness. The promise of pleasure "till morning" underscores the transient nature of sinful indulgence, which offers momentary satisfaction but lacks lasting fulfillment. It serves as a reminder that true joy and peace are found in the light of God's truth.

let us delight
The invitation to "let us delight" speaks to the pursuit of pleasure. In Hebrew, delight can refer to joy and satisfaction, but here it is twisted to describe sinful enjoyment. This reflects the human tendency to seek happiness in ways that are contrary to God's design. The verse challenges believers to find their delight in the Lord, who offers true and lasting joy.

in loving caresses
The phrase "in loving caresses" is a euphemism for physical intimacy outside the bounds of marriage. In the Hebrew culture, physical affection was meant to be an expression of the covenantal love between a husband and wife. The misuse of such intimacy highlights the distortion of God's gift of sexuality. This serves as a caution against the misuse of God's gifts and a call to honor Him in all aspects of life, including relationships.

For my husband is not at home
This phrase sets the stage for the context of temptation and infidelity. The Hebrew word for "husband" here is "אִישׁ" (ish), which can mean man, husband, or master. In the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel, the husband was often seen as the protector and provider of the household. His absence signifies a lack of immediate accountability, which the woman in this proverb exploits to lure the young man into sin. This highlights the danger of moral lapses when one is away from the watchful eyes of authority or community.

he has gone on a long journey
The phrase "long journey" suggests a significant period during which the husband will be absent. The Hebrew word for "journey" is "דֶּרֶךְ" (derekh), which can also mean way, road, or path. This implies not just physical distance but also a temporal opportunity for wrongdoing. In the biblical context, journeys were often perilous and time-consuming, emphasizing the husband's complete unavailability. This absence is used by the adulterous woman to rationalize her actions, illustrating how sin often seeks to justify itself through circumstances. The verse serves as a warning against the false security that comes from thinking one can sin without immediate consequences.

He took with him a bag of money
This phrase suggests premeditation and planning. The "bag of money" indicates that the husband in the narrative has prepared for a long journey, ensuring he has the necessary resources. In the Hebrew context, money was often carried in bags or pouches, a common practice in ancient times. This detail underscores the husband's absence and the opportunity it provides for the adulterous affair. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of the dangers of neglect and the importance of vigilance in relationships.

and will not return till the moon is full
The phrase "till the moon is full" indicates a specific time frame, suggesting a period of approximately a month. In ancient Israel, the lunar calendar was used, and the full moon marked the middle of the month. This detail emphasizes the length of the husband's absence, providing ample time for the seduction to occur. Spiritually, it highlights the concept of temptation exploiting moments of vulnerability and absence, urging believers to remain steadfast and alert even when accountability seems distant.

With her great persuasion
This phrase highlights the power of influence and the subtlety of temptation. The Hebrew root for "persuasion" is "לָקַח" (laqach), which means to take, seize, or capture. In the context of Proverbs, it underscores the idea that temptation often comes with a compelling force that can capture one's attention and lead them astray. Historically, the wisdom literature of the Bible often warns against the seductive power of sin, which can be as persuasive as a skilled orator. This serves as a reminder to be vigilant and discerning, recognizing that not all that is persuasive is beneficial or righteous.

she entices him
The word "entices" comes from the Hebrew "נָדַח" (nadach), meaning to lead astray or seduce. This term is often used in the context of leading someone away from the right path. In the biblical narrative, enticement is frequently associated with moral and spiritual deviation. The historical context of Proverbs is one where wisdom is personified as a woman calling out to the simple, while folly is also personified, seeking to lead people astray. This duality emphasizes the constant battle between wisdom and folly, righteousness and sin.

with her flattering lips
"Flattering lips" refers to speech that is smooth and deceitful. The Hebrew word for "flattering" is "חָלַק" (chalaq), which means to be smooth or slippery. This imagery suggests that flattery can be dangerous, as it often masks true intentions and can lead to one's downfall. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, speech was a powerful tool, and the ability to speak persuasively was highly valued. However, Proverbs warns that such speech, when used deceitfully, can be a trap. The scriptural context reminds believers to be wary of those who use smooth words to manipulate or deceive.

she lures him
The term "lures" is derived from the Hebrew "דָּחָה" (dachah), which means to push or drive away. This word choice indicates a forceful action, suggesting that the seduction is not passive but active and intentional. In the broader biblical context, this reflects the nature of sin as something that actively seeks to draw individuals away from God. The historical context of Proverbs, with its emphasis on moral instruction, serves as a warning to the faithful to remain steadfast and not be swayed by the allure of sin, which often comes disguised as something desirable.

He follows her at once
This phrase captures the immediacy and impulsiveness of the young man's actions. The Hebrew root for "follows" is "הלך" (halak), which means to walk or go. In the context of Proverbs, it often implies a choice or a path taken. The phrase "at once" underscores the lack of deliberation or resistance, highlighting the danger of succumbing to temptation without thought. Historically, this reflects the wisdom literature's emphasis on the importance of discernment and the consequences of hasty decisions.

like an ox going to the slaughter
The imagery here is vivid and stark. The ox, a symbol of strength and labor, is depicted as unwittingly heading to its demise. The Hebrew word for "ox" is "שור" (shor), which often represents something valuable and strong. The phrase "going to the slaughter" suggests a lack of awareness and impending doom. This serves as a powerful warning about the dangers of following sinful paths without understanding the consequences, a common theme in wisdom literature.

like a deer bounding into a trap
This simile continues the theme of unwitting danger. The deer, known for its grace and speed, is portrayed as being caught off guard. The Hebrew word for "deer" is "איל" (ayal), which can also mean a stag or hart. The phrase "bounding into a trap" suggests a sudden and unexpected capture, emphasizing the deceptive nature of sin. This imagery serves as a caution against overconfidence and the need for vigilance in spiritual matters.

till an arrow pierces his liver
This phrase paints a vivid and dramatic picture of the consequences of succumbing to temptation. The "arrow" symbolizes sudden and inevitable judgment or consequence. In ancient times, the liver was considered the seat of life and emotion, making this imagery particularly poignant. The Hebrew word for "arrow" (חֵץ, chets) often denotes a swift and deadly weapon, emphasizing the suddenness of the downfall. The liver, being a vital organ, signifies the depth of the wound—both physically and spiritually. This phrase serves as a stark warning about the dangers of sin, illustrating how yielding to temptation can lead to severe and life-altering consequences.

like a bird darting into a snare
Here, the imagery shifts to that of a bird, symbolizing innocence or naivety, being caught in a trap. The Hebrew word for "snare" (מוֹקֵשׁ, moqesh) refers to a trap or a baited lure, often used to capture unsuspecting animals. This metaphor highlights the deceptive nature of sin, which often appears harmless or enticing but ultimately leads to entrapment. The bird's "darting" suggests impulsiveness or lack of foresight, a common human trait when faced with temptation. This phrase serves as a caution against acting without considering the potential consequences, urging believers to seek wisdom and discernment.

not knowing it will cost him his life
This final phrase underscores the tragic ignorance of the one who falls into sin. The Hebrew word for "life" (נֶפֶשׁ, nephesh) encompasses not just physical life but also the soul and one's entire being. The cost of sin is not merely physical death but spiritual death and separation from God. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the ultimate price of sin, which is far greater than one might initially perceive. It calls believers to be vigilant and aware of the spiritual stakes involved in their choices, emphasizing the importance of living a life aligned with God's wisdom and righteousness.

Now, my sons, listen to me
Now
The word "now" serves as an immediate call to attention, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the message. In the Hebrew text, this is often a transitional word that signals a shift from narrative or instruction to direct address. It underscores the immediacy of wisdom's call, urging the listener to focus on the present moment and the wisdom being imparted.

my sons
This phrase is a term of endearment and authority, indicating a paternal relationship between the speaker and the audience. In the context of Proverbs, "sons" can refer to literal children or to disciples and followers of wisdom. The Hebrew word "ben" (sons) is often used in wisdom literature to denote those who are under instruction, highlighting the familial and communal aspect of learning and moral guidance.

listen to me
The act of listening is central to the acquisition of wisdom in the biblical tradition. The Hebrew root "shama" implies not just hearing, but active listening with the intent to understand and obey. This phrase is a command that calls for attentive and obedient listening, suggesting that wisdom is not merely about acquiring knowledge but about transforming one's life through understanding and action. The speaker, often seen as Solomon or a wise teacher, implores the audience to heed the instruction that follows, emphasizing the life-giving and protective nature of wisdom.

Do not let your heart turn aside to her ways
This phrase serves as a direct admonition, urging the reader to guard their heart against being led astray. The "heart" in Hebrew thought is not merely the seat of emotions but the center of one's entire being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. The heart is the wellspring of life (Proverbs 4:23), and thus, its direction determines one's path. The phrase "turn aside" suggests a deviation from a righteous path, indicating a conscious or unconscious decision to stray. The "ways" refer to the seductive paths of the adulteress, symbolizing any form of temptation that leads one away from God's commandments. Historically, the wisdom literature of the Bible often personifies folly as a seductive woman, warning against the allure of sin that seems appealing but leads to destruction.

do not stray into her paths
The repetition of the warning emphasizes the seriousness of the danger. "Stray" implies a gradual wandering, often unnoticed until one is far from the intended path. The "paths" here are not just physical routes but represent lifestyle choices and moral decisions. In the ancient Near Eastern context, paths were often used metaphorically to describe one's life journey. The admonition is clear: avoid even the first steps that lead toward sin. This echoes the broader biblical theme of vigilance against sin, as seen in 1 Peter 5:8, where believers are urged to be sober-minded and watchful. The wisdom of Proverbs consistently calls for discernment and the active pursuit of righteousness, reminding believers that the choices they make daily shape their spiritual journey.

For she has brought many down to death; her slain are many in number
For she has brought many down to death
This phrase begins with a warning about the consequences of succumbing to the temptations of the adulterous woman, a recurring theme in Proverbs. The Hebrew word for "brought down" is "הִפִּילָה" (hippilah), which implies a forceful action, suggesting that the fall into sin is not merely a passive slip but a deliberate act that leads to spiritual and sometimes physical demise. The "death" here is not only physical but also spiritual, symbolizing separation from God. Historically, the wisdom literature of the Bible often uses vivid imagery to convey the dangers of moral and spiritual failure, emphasizing the severe consequences of straying from God's path.

her slain are many in number
The term "slain" in Hebrew is "חֲלָלִים" (chalalim), which refers to those who have been killed or destroyed. This word choice underscores the lethal nature of the seductress's influence, likening her victims to casualties of war. The phrase "many in number" highlights the widespread impact of such temptations, suggesting that countless individuals have fallen prey to similar sins throughout history. This serves as a sobering reminder of the pervasive nature of sin and the importance of vigilance and adherence to God's wisdom. In the broader scriptural context, this warning aligns with the teachings of Jesus and the apostles, who frequently cautioned against the dangers of immorality and the need for spiritual discernment.

Her house
This phrase refers to the dwelling place of the adulterous woman described throughout Proverbs 7. In a broader sense, it symbolizes the allure of sin and temptation. The Hebrew word for "house" (בַּיִת, bayit) often signifies not just a physical structure but also a household or family. In this context, it represents the environment or lifestyle that leads one away from righteousness. Historically, the house was a place of safety and refuge, but here it is depicted as a trap, a place where moral and spiritual danger lurks.

is the road
The "road" (דֶּרֶךְ, derek) in Hebrew signifies a path or way of life. It implies a journey or direction one chooses to take. In biblical literature, the concept of a road often symbolizes one's spiritual journey or moral choices. The use of "road" here suggests that entering into the house of the adulteress is not a mere momentary lapse but a deliberate path that one chooses, leading away from God's wisdom and towards destruction.

to Sheol
"Sheol" (שְׁאוֹל, sheol) is a Hebrew term often used in the Old Testament to describe the realm of the dead, a place of darkness and separation from the living. In the ancient Near Eastern context, Sheol was understood as a shadowy existence, devoid of the presence and blessings of God. Theologically, it represents the ultimate consequence of sin—spiritual death and separation from God. The mention of Sheol underscores the gravity of the consequences of following the path of sin.

descending
The word "descending" (יָרַד, yarad) conveys a movement downward, both physically and metaphorically. It suggests a decline or fall from a higher state of being. In the biblical narrative, descending often implies moving away from God's presence and favor. This downward trajectory highlights the inevitable result of choosing sin over righteousness—a spiritual and moral decline that leads to destruction.

to the chambers of death
The "chambers of death" (חַדְרֵי מָוֶת, hadrei mavet) evoke imagery of confinement and finality. "Chambers" suggest enclosed spaces, indicating a place from which there is no escape. "Death" here is not just physical cessation but represents spiritual death, the ultimate separation from God. In the wisdom literature of the Bible, death is often portrayed as the end result of a life lived in opposition to God's commandments. This phrase serves as a stark warning of the end that awaits those who choose the path of sin.